EP0558752A1 - Non-stage transmission for vehicle - Google Patents
Non-stage transmission for vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0558752A1 EP0558752A1 EP91919811A EP91919811A EP0558752A1 EP 0558752 A1 EP0558752 A1 EP 0558752A1 EP 91919811 A EP91919811 A EP 91919811A EP 91919811 A EP91919811 A EP 91919811A EP 0558752 A1 EP0558752 A1 EP 0558752A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gear shift
- continuously variable
- variable transmission
- shift ratio
- changing means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H9/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
- F16H9/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
- F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
- F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
- F16H9/16—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts
- F16H9/18—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts only one flange of each pulley being adjustable
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H61/662—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
- F16H61/66254—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling
- F16H61/66268—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling using purely mechanical sensing or control means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a continuously variable transmission in which a drive pulley mounted on an input shaft driven by an engine or a motor is connected through an endless belt with a driven pulley mounted on an output shaft, and the gear shift ratio can be changed by changing the width of grooves in both the pulleys.
- the gear shift ratio in such continuously variable transmission is controlled by use of a centrifugal governor mounted on a movable pulley half of the driving pulley. More specifically, the movable pulley half is provided with a weight which is movable radially outwardly by a centrifugal force, and a ramp plate for converting the movement of the weight into an axial thrust force, so that a thrust force corresponding to the number of revolutions of the engine and the wedge angle of the ramp plate is applied to the movable pulley half to control the tension of the endless belt.
- the gear shift ratio is mechanically controlled by use of the centrifugal governor which depends on the number of revolutions of a travelling drive source such as an engine and a motor and therefore, an energy-saving travelling suited to an operational condition of the engine or the motor or a travelling condition of a vehicle cannot necessarily be achieved.
- a continuously variable transmission for a vehicle comprises a continuously variable transmission including a driving pulley comprised of a stationary pulley half and a movable pulley half, both the pulley halves being mounted on an input shaft driven by a travelling drive source; a driven pulley comprised of a stationary pulley half and a movable pulley half, both the pulley halves of the driven pulley being mounted on an output shaft; and an endless belt wound around the driving pulley and the driven pulley; and a gear shift ratio changing means which is contained in a casing for the continuously variable transmission and which is adapted to change the width of grooves in both the pulleys of the continuously variable transmission by a driving force of an actuator to control the gear shift ratio.
- the above construction not only enables an energy-saving travelling suited to an operational condition of the travelling drive source or a travelling condition of the vehicle, but also ensures that a space for accommodating the gear shift ratio changing means is reduced to make a power unit compact and moreover, an operational sound emitted by the actuator for the gear shift ratio changing means can be shut away within the casing and prevented from leaking out.
- the gear shift ratio changing means is assembled in the form of a unit which is detachably supported in the casing.
- the above construction ensures that the assembling to the transmission and maintenance of the gear shift ratio changing means can easily be carried out.
- the gear shift ratio changing means is supported in a floating relation to the casing.
- the above construction ensures that a vibration cannot be transmitted from the casing to the gear shift ratio changing means, not only to insure a stable operation of the gear shift ratio changing means, but also to further effectively deaden the operational sound of the actuator for the gear shift ratio changing means.
- the actuator of the gear shift ratio changing means is controlled on the basis of at least the number of revolutions of the travelling drive source, the accelerator opening degree and the vehicle speed.
- the above construction ensures that an appropriate shifting characteristic suited to an operational condition of the travelling drive source or a travelling condition of the vehicle can be obtained, thereby enabling a reduction in noise of the travelling drive source and a saving of the consumed energy.
- the actuator of the gear shift ratio changing means is controlled on the basis of a deviation between the number of revolutions of the travelling drive source and a target revolution number searched in a table based on the accelerator opening degree and the vehicle speed.
- the output characteristic of a potentiometer for detecting the accelerator opening degree is set in a non-linear pattern, and the shifting characteristic of the continuously variable transmission relative to the accelerator opening degree is changed.
- the movable pulley half of the driven pulley is moved toward and away from the stationary pulley half by the gear shift ratio changing means, and the movable pulley half of the driving pulley is biased toward the stationary pulley half by a spring.
- the above feature ensures that even if the effective radius of the pulley is increased or decreased as the gear shift ratio is changed, an optimal thrust force can be always applied to prevent slippage of the endless belt, with the result that the load of the actuator for the gear shift ratio changing means is minimized, and a precise control with a good responsiveness is possible.
- a power unit P is vertically swingably mounted through a pivot 1 to a body frame of a vehicle such as a motorcycle and a three-wheel vehicle.
- a rear wheel Wr as a driven wheel is rotatably mounted at a rear end of the power unit P.
- the power unit P comprises a single-cylinder and two-cycle engine E for driving the rear wheel Wr, and a belt-type continuously variable transmission B and a gear reducer G for transmitting a driving force of the engine E to the rear wheel Wr.
- a crank case of the engine E is comprised of a right case half 2 and a left case half 3 joined to each other on a center line of a vehicle body.
- a cylinder block 5 having a piston 4 slidably received therein is joined to an upper portion of the crank case and further, a cylinder head 6 is joined to an upper portion of the cylinder block 5.
- a rear left side of the left case half 3 is covered with a reducer cover 7, and the gear reducer G is contained inside the reducer cover 7.
- a front left side of the left case half 3 and a left side of the reducer cover 7 are covered with a side cover 8, and the belt-type continuously variable transmission B is contained inside the side cover 8. Additionally, outer peripheries of the cylinder block 5 and the cylinder head 6 in the engine E and a right side of the right case half 2 are covered with an engine cover 9.
- a crankshaft 13 is rotatably carried on ball bearings 10 and 11 provided in the right and left case halves 2 and 3, and is connected to the piston 4 through a connecting rod 12.
- the right end of the crankshaft 13 projects rightwardly from the right case half 2 and a flywheel 14 is secured to that right end.
- a fan 15 is integrally coupled to an outer side of the flywheel 14 for cooling the engine E, and magnets 18 are mounted on an inner periphery of the flywheel 14 and constitutes a generator 17 by cooperation with a stator coil 16 secured to the right case half 2.
- the left end of the crankshaft 13 projects outwardly from the left case half 3 and a driving pulley 19 of the belt-type continuously variable transmission B is mounted at that left end.
- the driving pulley 19 is comprised of a stationary pulley half 20 secured to a tip end of the crankshaft 13 as an input shaft, and a movable pulley half 21 spline-connected to the crankshaft 13 for axial movement but relative non-rotation.
- An endless belt 22 is wound around a V-shaped groove formed between the pulley halves 20 and 21.
- a starter motor 23 is disposed in the vicinity of the crankshaft 13 and includes a well-known push-in type starter pinion 24, and a starter ring gear 201 is formed on an outer periphery of the stationary pulley half 20 to lie in a path of the movement of the starter pinion 24.
- the push-in type starter pinion 24 protrudes to mesh with the starter ring gear 201 to rotate the crankshaft 13 to which the stationary pulley half 20 integral with the starter gear 201 is secured, thereby starting the engine E.
- a drive helical gear 26 is secured to a kick shaft 25 carried by a wall of the side cover 8 and is meshed with a follower helical gear 271 formed on a starter shaft 27 which is axially movably carried likewise by the wall of the side cover 8.
- a ratchet wheel 29 mounted at a tip end of the starter shaft 27 is meshably opposed to ratchet teeth 202 formed on a side of the stationary pulley half 20.
- a driven pulley 35 comprised of a stationary pulley half 33 and a movable pulley half 34 is mounted on an output shaft 32 which is carried on the left case half 3 and the reducer cover 7 through ball bearings 30 and 31.
- the endless belt 22 is wound around a V-shaped groove formed between the pulley halves 33 and 34.
- An inner sleeve 38 integral with the stationary pulley half 33 is relatively rotatably mounted on an outer periphery of the output shaft 32 through a ball bearing 36 and a needle bearing 37.
- An outer sleeve 39 integral with the movable pulley half 34 is axially slidably fitted over an outer periphery of the inner sleeve 38.
- a spring 41 is mounted in a compressed manner between a clutch inner 40 formed at a left end of the inner sleeve 38 and the movable pulley half 34 for biasing the movable pulley half 34 toward the stationary pulley half 33.
- a pin 42 embedded in the inner sleeve 38 is engaged into a cam groove 391 provided in the outer sleeve 39.
- a predetermined side pressure is provided to the endless belt 22 through the pulley halves 33 and 34 of the driven pulley 35 by an axial thrust force of the spring 41.
- An automatic centrifugal clutch 43 for transmitting the rotation of the driven pulley 35 to the gear reducer G comprises a clutch weight 44 pivotally supported on a sidewall of the clutch inner 40 for radially swinging movement.
- a friction member 45 mounted on an outer periphery of the clutch weight 44 is opposed to an inner periphery of a clutch outer 46 secured to a left end of the output shaft 32. If the rotational speed of the driven pulley 35 is increased, the clutch inner 40 and the clutch outer 46 are coupled to each other through the friction member 45, and the driving force is transmitted to the output shaft 32.
- An input gear 47 integrally formed on the output shaft 32 functioning as an input shaft of the gear reducer G is meshed with a first intermediate gear 49 of a small diameter provided on an intermediate shaft 48 supported between the left case half 3 and the reducer cover 7, and further, a second intermediate gear 50 of a large diameter provided on the intermediate shaft 48 is meshed with an output gear 52 of an output shaft 51 supported between the left case half 3 and the reducer cover 7.
- the rear wheel Wr is mounted on the output shaft 51 at its right end which projects to the outside from the left case half 3.
- the structure of a gear shift ratio changing means 61 provided on the driving pulley 19 will be described below with reference to Figs. 4 and 5.
- the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is disposed in the form of a unit as an assembly within a containing chamber in the belt type continuously variable transmission B covered by the left case half 3 and the side cover 8.
- the gear shift ratio changing means 61 includes a motor 62 disposed to extend perpendicular to the crankshaft 13 along an inner wall of the left case half 3.
- a worm gear 631 formed at a tip end of an output shaft 63 of the motor 62 is meshed with a worm wheel 65 carried on a worm wheel shaft 64 disposed in parallel to the crankshaft 13.
- the worm wheel 65 is meshed with a helical gear 661 formed on an outer periphery of a movable collar 66.
- a multi-thread screw 663 is formed on an inner periphery of a shank 662 of the movable collar 66 and meshed with a multi-thread screw 683 formed on a cover member 68 for the gear shift ratio changing means 61, which is mounted to the left case half 3.
- the cover member 68 is a doughnut-like hollow vessel formed by combination of a ring-like inner cover 681 with an outer cover 682.
- the worm gear 631, the worm wheel 65 and the movable collar 66 are lubricated by a grease enclosed in the cover member 68.
- the cover member 68 is detachably supported in a floating manner in the left case half 3 through a bolt 87 penetrating through a rubber bush 86 which is mounted on a projection on an outer periphery of the inner cover 681.
- the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is disposed within the containing chamber in the belt type continuously variable transmission B covered by the left case half 3 and the side cover 8, an operational sound of the motor 62 cannot leak out to the outside.
- the grease is enclosed within the cover member 68, there is no fear of a leakage of the grease into the left case half 3, which may cause a slippage of the endless belt 22 of the belt type continuously variable transmission B.
- the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is assembled in the form of a unit and supported on the left case half 3 through the rubber bush 86 in a floating manner, not only the assembling to the transmission B and maintenance thereof are made easy, but also a vibration cannot be transmitted to the gear shift ratio changing means 61, thereby increasing a vibration resistance.
- the operational sound of the motor 62 of the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is difficult to leak out.
- a left end of the shank 662 of the movable collar 66 is relatively rotatably but axially non-movably connected to the movable pulley half 21 through a ball bearing 69.
- the motor 62 is driven in one direction, the movable collar 66 is rotated through the worm gear 631 and the worm wheel 65, so that the multi-thread screw 663 of the movable collar 66 is moved in a direction of an arrow A by a reaction force acting from the multi-thread screw 683 of the cover member 68, and the movable pulley half 21 is moved toward the stationary pulley half 20, with the result that the width of a groove in the driving pulley 19 is reduced.
- the motor 62 is driven in an opposite direction, the movable collar 66 is moved in a direction of an arrow B, with the result that the width of the groove in the driving pulley 19 is increased.
- the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is provided with a limit switch mechanism 70 for detecting the left and right limits of the movement of the movable collar 66, i.e., a position in which the gear shift ratio is LOW and a position in which the gear shift ratio is TOP.
- the limit switch mechanism 70 comprises a first limit switch 71 for detecting the position in which the gear shift ratio position is LOW, and a second limit switch 72 for detecting the position in which the gear shift ratio is TOP.
- Each of the limit switches 71 and 72 is operated by opposite ends of an urging piece 74 mounted at one end of a reciprocally swingable shaft 73.
- a first leaf 75 for operating the first limit switch 71 and a second leaf 76 for operating the second limit switch 72 are secured along its axis a first leaf 75 for operating the first limit switch 71 and a second leaf 76 for operating the second limit switch 72.
- a predetermined angle difference is defined between both the leaves 75 and 76.
- a spring 77 is mounted on the second leaf 76 for biasing the second leaf 76 in a direction to abut against the movable collar 66, and a step 664 is formed on the movable collar 66 at an end face adjacent the engine E.
- Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a control system for the motor 62 of the gear shift ratio changing means 61.
- the motor 62 is controlled by output signals from an engine revolution number sensor 78 for detecting the number of revolutions of the engine E from the rotation of the flywheel 14, an accelerator opening degree sensor 79 comprised of a potentiometer operatively connected to an opening and closing stem of a throttle valve, and a vehicle speed sensor 80 for detecting the vehicle speed from the rotation of the clutch outer 46.
- an accelerator opening degree ⁇ is calculated on the basis of the output signal from the accelerator opening degree sensor 79
- a preestimated value ⁇ ' of accelerator opening degree is calculated on the basis of such accelerator opening degree ⁇ and a variation rate ⁇ ⁇ of the opening degree ⁇ .
- a vehicle speed V is detected on the basis of the output signal from the vehicle speed sensor 80, and a target engine revolution number Ne o is searched in a table on the basis of such vehicle speed V and the preestimated value ⁇ ' of accelerator opening degree.
- a preestimated value Ne' of engine revolution number is calculated on the basis of such engine revolution number Ne and a variation rate ⁇ Ne of the engine revolution number Ne.
- the preestimated value Ne' of engine revolution number and the target engine revolution number Ne o searched in the table are compared with each other, and a difference therebetween, i.e., a deviation of the preestimated value Ne' from the target engine revolution number Ne o is calculated.
- a duty table is searched on the basis of such deviation, and a pulse signal indicative of a command to drive the motor 62 is controlled to change the gear shift ratio by the gear shift ratio changing means 61, thereby causing an actual engine revolution number to coincide with the target engine revolution number Ne o .
- the output power from the engine E is reduced by stopping the ignition of a spark plug or increasing the interval of ignition thereof.
- the grooves in the driving pulley 19 and the driven pulley 35 have increased and reduced widths, respectively, and the gear shift ratio is LOW. If the number of revolutions of the engine is now increased, the rotation of the crankshaft 13 is transmitted from the driving pulley 19 through the endless belt 22 to the driven pulley 35 to rotate the clutch inner 40 of the automatic centrifugal clutch 43 along with the driven pulley 35. This causes the friction member 45 of the clutch weight 44 mounted on the clutch inner 40 to abut against the clutch outer 46, thereby permitting the output shaft 32 to be driven. The rotation of the output shaft 32 is transmitted through the gear reducer G to the rear wheel Wr.
- the motor 62 of the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is driven in accordance with the current accelerator opening degree, vehicle speed and engine revolution number, and the worm wheel 65 meshed with the worm gear 631 formed on the output shaft 63 of the motor 62 is rotated.
- the rotation of the worm wheel 65 is transmitted through the helical gear 661 to the movable collar 66, the latter is moved in the direction A in Fig. 1 by the action of multi-thread screws 663 and 683.
- the position in which the gear shift ratio of the belt type continuously variable transmission B is LOW or TOP is detected by the limit switch mechanism 70. More specifically, if the movable collar 66 is rotated in a direction of an arrow a shown in Fig. 5A, and the movable pulley half 21 of the driving pulley 19 reaches a LOW position spaced apart farthest from the stationary pulley half 20, the first leaf 75 is urged upwardly in a direction of an arrow against the resilient force of the spring 77 by means of the step 664 formed on the collar 66, and the swingable shaft 73 is swung in a direction of an arrow b .
- the first limit switch 71 is operated by the urging piece 74 and detects the fact that the gear shift ratio is LOW.
- the movable collar 66 is rotated in a direction of an arrow c shown in Fig. 5B, so that the movable pulley half 21 of the driving pulley 19 is moved toward a TOP position closest to the stationary pulley half 20, both of the first leaf 75 and the second leaf 76 are spaced apart from the helical gear 661, and the swingable shaft 73 is swung in a direction of an arrow d shown in Fig. 5B by the resilient force of the spring 77.
- the limit switch 72 is operated and detects the fact that the gear shift ratio is TOP.
- the shifting characteristics of the belt type continuously variable transmission B corresponding to various accelerator opening degrees ⁇ are indicated as shown in Fig. 8.
- the shifting characteristics of the belt type continuously variable transmission B according to the present invention are such that the engine revolution number during cruising, i.e., in the position in which the gear shift ratio is TOP is remarkably reduced, as compared with those (shown by broken lines) of the prior art mechanical transmission. This enables a reduction in cruising noise. In addition, it is possible to suppress the engine revolution number to a low level at a low vehicle speed, thereby reducing the consumption of fuel. If the output characteristic of the potentiometer 83 is established as shown by a broken line in Fig. 7, it is possible to provide a further reduction in consumption of fuel at a low vehicle speed and a stabilization of the highest speed.
- Figs. 10B to 10F various shifting characteristics shown in Figs. 10B to 10F can be provided to the belt type continuously variable transmission B. That is, if the output characteristic of the potentiometer 83 is established in a linear pattern as shown by (1), the interval between the levels of engine revolution number corresponding to the individual accelerator opeing degrees at which gear shifts are conducted is uniform, but if the output characteristic of the potentiometer 83 is established in any of non-linear patterns as shown by (2) to (5), the interval between the levels of the engine revolution number can be varied as an upward narrowed pattern, a downward narrowed pattern, a halfway narrowed pattern and an upward and downward narrowed pattern.
- Figs. 11 to 13 illustrate a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein components corresponding to those in the previous first embodiment are designated by like reference characters.
- the second embodiment has a feature that a gear shift ratio changing means 61 is provided for the driven pulley 35.
- the cover member 68 mounted around the outer periphery of the output shaft 32 is provided with a worm gear 621 rotated by the motor 62, a worm wheel 65 meshed with the worm gear 621, and a movable collar 66 meshed with the worm wheel 65 for axial movement.
- the movable collar 66 is relatively rotatably but axially non-movably connected to the movable pulley half 34 of the driven pulley 35 through a ball bearing 67.
- the spring 41 acts on the movable pulley half 34 in a direction toward the stationary pulley half 33.
- the urging force of the spring 41 is larger when the width of the groove is increased (when the gear shift ratio is LOW), and the urging force is smaller when the width of the groove is decreased (when the gear shift ratio is TOP).
- the thrust force of the movable pulley half sufficient for the endless belt 22 not to slip is proportional to the magnitude of the torque transmitted and is inversely proportional to the effective radius of the pulley.
- the magnitude of the sufficient thrust force has a characteristic that it gradually decreases as the gear shift ratio is changed from LOW to TOP.
- the thrust force is excessively exhibited as the gear shift ratio is changed toward TOP, as shown by a broken line in Fig. 9.
- the spring 41 is provided for the driving pulley 19 as in this embodiment, it is possible to provide a variation in thrust force approaching a required characteristic shown by the dashed line in Fig. 13, ensuring that an optimal tension can be always applied to the endless belt 22 to prevent any slippage of the endless belt 22. Conseqently, the motor 62 of the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is prevented from sufferring from an excessive load, thereby enabling a preciser control of the gear shift ratio.
- a spring permitting a displacement changed in a non-linear pattern relative to the load may be used in place of the above-described spring 41.
- Figs. 14 to 17 illustrate a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein components corresponding to those in the previously-described first embodiment are designated by like reference characters.
- two ball bearings 67 are disposed side by side on the crankshaft 13 for supporting the multi-thread screw 683 of the cover member 68
- two ball bearings 69 are likewise disposed side by side for relatively rotatably connecting the movable pulley half 21 of the driving pulley 19 with the movable collar 66 threadedly engaged with the multi-thread screw 683 of the cover member 68.
- an intermediate shaft 86 is interposed between the output shaft 63 of the motor 62 of the gear shift ratio changing means 61 and the worm wheel shaft 64 carrying the worm wheel 65.
- An intermediate gear 87 and a worm gear 88 provided on the intermediate shaft 86 are meshed with a pinion 632 provided on the output shaft 63 of the motor 62 and the worm wheel 65, respectively.
- a limit switch mechanism 70 having a structure different from that in the previous first embodiment is employed.
- the limit switch mechanism 70 for detecting the left and right limit of the movement of the movable collar 66 i.e., a position in which the gear shift ratio is LOW and a position in which the gear shift ratio is TOP, comprises a first limit switch 71 for detecting such LOW position and a second limit switch 72 for detecting such TOP position.
- Two detecting pieces 90 and 91 having projections 901 and 902 for operating the limit switches 71 and 72 respectively are secured to a swingable shaft 73 which is rotatably supported on a switch housing 89 supporting the first and second limit switches 71 and 72.
- the detecting pieces 90 and 91 define an angle of 60 ° relative to each other.
- a spring 92 is supported at its central portion on the switch housing 89 and abuts at its opposite ends against a chamfer 731 formed at one end of the swingable shaft 73, thereby biasing the swingable shaft 73 and the two detecting pieces 90 and 91 toward their neutral positions shown in Fig. 14.
- arcuate projections 665 and 666 are provided on opposite sides of the movable collar 66, respectively and are capable of abutting against the pair of detecting pieces 90 and 91.
- the movable collar 66 is rotated by the motor 62 to a position shown by a solid line in Fig. 14 so as to change the gear shift ratio toward LOW, the projection 665 formed on one of the sides of the movable collar 66 abuts against corresponding one of the detecting pieces 90, thereby swinging the one detecting piece 90 along with the swingable shaft 73 to a position shown in Fig. 17A.
- the first limit switch 71 is operated by the projection 901 of the detecting piece 90 and detects the fact that the gear shift ratio has reached LOW. If the movable collar 66 is rotated to a position shown by a dashed line in Fig.
- the projection 666 formed on the other side of the movable collar 66 abuts against the other detecting piece 91, thereby swinging the detecting piece 91 along with the swingable shaft 73 to a position shown in Fig. 17B.
- the second limit switch 72 is operated by the projection 911 of the detecting piece 91 and detects the fact that the gear shift ratio has reached TOP.
- Figs. 18 and 19 illustrate a fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein components corresponding to those in the previous first embodiment are denoted by like reference characters.
- the fourth embodiment has a feature that a motor M is used as a travelling drive source in place of the engine E. More specifically, a substantially cylindrical motor housing 93 constituting an outer shell of the motor M is coupled to a front right side of the left case half 3 of the power unit P. An opening of the motor housing 93 at its right end is occluded by a lid member 931.
- the motor M has a rotary shaft 94 which is carried through a ball bearing 95 mounted on the lid member 931 and a ball bearing 96 mounted on a left end wall of the motor housing 93, and a cooling fan 97 is mounted on the rotary shaft 94.
- a driver 98 for controlling the driving of the motor M and a cup-like air intake chamber 99 for containing the driver 98 are clamped together by a bolt on the right side of the lid member 931 of the motor housing 93.
- Air is drawn through an air inlet port 991 of the air intake chamber 99 by means of the cooling fan 97 to cool the driver 98 and is then passed through an air passage 932 provided in the lid member 931 to cool the motor M.
- the air is further passed through an air passage 933 provided in a left end wall of the motor housing 93 inside the side cover 8 to cool the belt type continuously variable transmission B, and thereafter discharged to the outside through a discharge port 81 which is provided at a rear end of the side cover 8.
- the motor M is a DC (direct current) brushless motor and comprises a rotor 102 having a permanent magnet 101 disposed around an outer periphery of an iron core 100 secured to the rotary shaft 94, a stator 106 having a coil wound around an iron core 104 secured in the motor housing 93 by a bolt 103, and a rotor position sensor 109 comprised of a magnet 107 secured to the rotary shaft 94 and three hall devices 108 disposed in an opposed relation to an outer periphery of the magnet 107.
- DC direct current
- An accelerator opening degree signal produced by the accelerator opening degree sensor 79 and a signal indicative of the phase of the rotor 102 produced by the rotor position sensor 109 are input to a controller which is not shown.
- the controller controls field-effect transistors of the driver 98 to sequentially changes over the electric current flowing through the stator 106, thereby rotatably driving the motor M with a predetermined power.
- the motor 62 of the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is controlled on the basis of three signals indicative of the accelerator opening degree, the vehicle speed and the engine revolution number, other signals, in addition to these signals, can be used for the control. Additionally, it is possible to use a hydraulic motor as an actuator for the gear shift ratio changing means 61. Further, for example, any of various cam mechanisms and fork mechanisms can be employed as the gear shift ratio changing means 61, as shown in Fig. 20.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a continuously variable transmission in which a drive pulley mounted on an input shaft driven by an engine or a motor is connected through an endless belt with a driven pulley mounted on an output shaft, and the gear shift ratio can be changed by changing the width of grooves in both the pulleys.
- In the prior art, the gear shift ratio in such continuously variable transmission is controlled by use of a centrifugal governor mounted on a movable pulley half of the driving pulley. More specifically, the movable pulley half is provided with a weight which is movable radially outwardly by a centrifugal force, and a ramp plate for converting the movement of the weight into an axial thrust force, so that a thrust force corresponding to the number of revolutions of the engine and the wedge angle of the ramp plate is applied to the movable pulley half to control the tension of the endless belt. And the tension of the endless belt is balanced with a thrust force of a spring axially acting on a movable pulley half of the driven pulley thereby controlling the gear shift ratio (see Japanese Patent Publication Kokoku No.33588/88). In the above prior art continuously variable transmission, the gear shift ratio is mechanically controlled by use of the centrifugal governor which depends on the number of revolutions of a travelling drive source such as an engine and a motor and therefore, an energy-saving travelling suited to an operational condition of the engine or the motor or a travelling condition of a vehicle cannot necessarily be achieved.
- It can be conceived to control the gear shift ratio of the continuously variable transmission in accordance with the operational condition of the engine or the motor or the travelling condition of the vehicle by the gear shift ratio changing means using an actuator as a drive source. However, such a construction sufferes from a disadvantage that the size of the gear shift ratio changing means is generally enlarged , and it is difficult to mount such a large means to a small and light-weighted power unit of the vehicle.
- With the foregoing in view, it is an object of the present invention to provide a continuously variable transmission for a vehicle, wherein the gear shift ratio changing means can be incorporated into a compact power unit and moreover, an energy-saving travelling can be realized.
- To achieve the above object, a continuously variable transmission for a vehicle according to a first feature of the present invention comprises a continuously variable transmission including a driving pulley comprised of a stationary pulley half and a movable pulley half, both the pulley halves being mounted on an input shaft driven by a travelling drive source; a driven pulley comprised of a stationary pulley half and a movable pulley half, both the pulley halves of the driven pulley being mounted on an output shaft; and an endless belt wound around the driving pulley and the driven pulley; and a gear shift ratio changing means which is contained in a casing for the continuously variable transmission and which is adapted to change the width of grooves in both the pulleys of the continuously variable transmission by a driving force of an actuator to control the gear shift ratio.
- The above construction not only enables an energy-saving travelling suited to an operational condition of the travelling drive source or a travelling condition of the vehicle, but also ensures that a space for accommodating the gear shift ratio changing means is reduced to make a power unit compact and moreover, an operational sound emitted by the actuator for the gear shift ratio changing means can be shut away within the casing and prevented from leaking out.
- According to a second feature of the present invention, in addition to the first feature, the gear shift ratio changing means is assembled in the form of a unit which is detachably supported in the casing.
- The above construction ensures that the assembling to the transmission and maintenance of the gear shift ratio changing means can easily be carried out.
- According to a third feature of the present invention, in addition to the first feature, the gear shift ratio changing means is supported in a floating relation to the casing.
- The above construction ensures that a vibration cannot be transmitted from the casing to the gear shift ratio changing means, not only to insure a stable operation of the gear shift ratio changing means, but also to further effectively deaden the operational sound of the actuator for the gear shift ratio changing means.
- According to a fourth feature of the present invention, in addition to the first feature, the actuator of the gear shift ratio changing means is controlled on the basis of at least the number of revolutions of the travelling drive source, the accelerator opening degree and the vehicle speed.
- The above construction ensures that an appropriate shifting characteristic suited to an operational condition of the travelling drive source or a travelling condition of the vehicle can be obtained, thereby enabling a reduction in noise of the travelling drive source and a saving of the consumed energy.
- According to a fifth feature of the present invention, in addition to the fourth feature, the actuator of the gear shift ratio changing means is controlled on the basis of a deviation between the number of revolutions of the travelling drive source and a target revolution number searched in a table based on the accelerator opening degree and the vehicle speed.
- The above construction enables the gear shift ratio of the continuously variable transmission to be controlled further properly.
- According to a sixth feature of the present invention, in addition to the fourth feature, the output characteristic of a potentiometer for detecting the accelerator opening degree is set in a non-linear pattern, and the shifting characteristic of the continuously variable transmission relative to the accelerator opening degree is changed.
- The above construction ensures that any of various patterns can be provided to the shifting characteristic of the continuously variable transmission controlled by an output from the potentiometer.
- According to a seventh feature of the present invention, in addition to the first feature, the movable pulley half of the driven pulley is moved toward and away from the stationary pulley half by the gear shift ratio changing means, and the movable pulley half of the driving pulley is biased toward the stationary pulley half by a spring.
- The above feature ensures that even if the effective radius of the pulley is increased or decreased as the gear shift ratio is changed, an optimal thrust force can be always applied to prevent slippage of the endless belt, with the result that the load of the actuator for the gear shift ratio changing means is minimized, and a precise control with a good responsiveness is possible.
- The drawings illustrate embodiments of the present invention, wherein
- Fig. 1 is a first portion of a plan view of the entire belt type continuously variable transmission according to the first embodiment;
- Fig. 2 is a second portion of the plan view;
- Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along a line 3-3 in Figs.1 and 2;
- Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along a line 4-4 in Fig.3;
- Fig. 5 is enlarged perspective views of a limit switch mechanism;
- Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a control system;
- Fig. 7 is a graph illustrating a characteristic of a potentiometer;
- Fig. 8 is a graph illustrating shifting characteristics of the belt type continuously variable transmission;
- Fig. 9 is a graph illustrating a set point of the highest speed;
- Fig. 10 is graphs illustrating variations of the characteristic of the potentiometer and variations of the shifting characteristic of the belt type continuously variable transmission;
- Fig. 11 is a first portion of a plan view of the entire belt type continuously variable transmission according to the second embodiment;
- Fig. 12 is a second portion of the plan view;
- Fig. 13 is a graph illustrating a relationship between the gear shift ratio and the thrust force of a movable pulley half;
- Fig. 14 is an enlarged view of an essential portion of a belt type continuously variable transmission according to the third embodiment;
- Fig. 15 is a sectional view taken along a line 15-15 in Fig. 14;
- Fig. 16 is enlarged views of a limit switch mechanism;
- Fig. 17 is views for explaining the operation;
- Fig. 18 is a first portion of a plan view of the entire belt type continuously variable transmission according to the fourth embodiment;
- Fig. 19 is a second portion of the plan view; and
- Fig. 20 is schematic views illustrating other embodiments of gear shift ratio changing means.
-
- A first embodiment of the present invention will now be described in connection with the accompanying drawings.
- Referring to Figs.1 to 3, a power unit P is vertically swingably mounted through a
pivot 1 to a body frame of a vehicle such as a motorcycle and a three-wheel vehicle. A rear wheel Wr as a driven wheel is rotatably mounted at a rear end of the power unit P. The power unit P comprises a single-cylinder and two-cycle engine E for driving the rear wheel Wr, and a belt-type continuously variable transmission B and a gear reducer G for transmitting a driving force of the engine E to the rear wheel Wr. - A crank case of the engine E is comprised of a
right case half 2 and aleft case half 3 joined to each other on a center line of a vehicle body. A cylinder block 5 having apiston 4 slidably received therein is joined to an upper portion of the crank case and further, a cylinder head 6 is joined to an upper portion of the cylinder block 5. A rear left side of theleft case half 3 is covered with areducer cover 7, and the gear reducer G is contained inside thereducer cover 7. - A front left side of the
left case half 3 and a left side of thereducer cover 7 are covered with aside cover 8, and the belt-type continuously variable transmission B is contained inside theside cover 8. Additionally, outer peripheries of the cylinder block 5 and the cylinder head 6 in the engine E and a right side of theright case half 2 are covered with anengine cover 9. - A
crankshaft 13 is rotatably carried onball bearings left case halves piston 4 through a connecting rod 12. The right end of thecrankshaft 13 projects rightwardly from theright case half 2 and a flywheel 14 is secured to that right end. Afan 15 is integrally coupled to an outer side of the flywheel 14 for cooling the engine E, andmagnets 18 are mounted on an inner periphery of the flywheel 14 and constitutes a generator 17 by cooperation with a stator coil 16 secured to theright case half 2. - The left end of the
crankshaft 13 projects outwardly from theleft case half 3 and adriving pulley 19 of the belt-type continuously variable transmission B is mounted at that left end. The drivingpulley 19 is comprised of astationary pulley half 20 secured to a tip end of thecrankshaft 13 as an input shaft, and amovable pulley half 21 spline-connected to thecrankshaft 13 for axial movement but relative non-rotation. Anendless belt 22 is wound around a V-shaped groove formed between thepulley halves - A starter motor 23 is disposed in the vicinity of the
crankshaft 13 and includes a well-known push-in type starter pinion 24, and astarter ring gear 20₁ is formed on an outer periphery of thestationary pulley half 20 to lie in a path of the movement of the starter pinion 24. Thus, if the starter motor 23 is started, the push-in type starter pinion 24 protrudes to mesh with thestarter ring gear 20₁ to rotate thecrankshaft 13 to which thestationary pulley half 20 integral with thestarter gear 20₁ is secured, thereby starting the engine E. - A drive
helical gear 26 is secured to akick shaft 25 carried by a wall of theside cover 8 and is meshed with a followerhelical gear 27₁ formed on astarter shaft 27 which is axially movably carried likewise by the wall of theside cover 8. Aratchet wheel 29 mounted at a tip end of thestarter shaft 27 is meshably opposed to ratchetteeth 20₂ formed on a side of thestationary pulley half 20. When the starter motor 23 is not used and if thekick shaft 25 is rotated by akick pedal 28, thestarter shaft 27 is rotated while being moved rightwardly through the drivehelical gear 26 and the followerhelical gear 27₁ and therefore, theratchet wheel 29 and theratchet teeth 20₂ are meshed with each other to drive thecrankshaft 13, thereby providing a manual start of the engine E. - A driven
pulley 35 comprised of astationary pulley half 33 and amovable pulley half 34 is mounted on an output shaft 32 which is carried on theleft case half 3 and thereducer cover 7 throughball bearings endless belt 22 is wound around a V-shaped groove formed between the pulley halves 33 and 34. An inner sleeve 38 integral with thestationary pulley half 33 is relatively rotatably mounted on an outer periphery of the output shaft 32 through a ball bearing 36 and a needle bearing 37. An outer sleeve 39 integral with themovable pulley half 34 is axially slidably fitted over an outer periphery of the inner sleeve 38. Aspring 41 is mounted in a compressed manner between a clutch inner 40 formed at a left end of the inner sleeve 38 and themovable pulley half 34 for biasing themovable pulley half 34 toward thestationary pulley half 33. A pin 42 embedded in the inner sleeve 38 is engaged into acam groove 39₁ provided in the outer sleeve 39. A predetermined side pressure is provided to theendless belt 22 through the pulley halves 33 and 34 of the drivenpulley 35 by an axial thrust force of thespring 41. When a power is transmitted from theendless belt 22 to the drivenpulley 35, a reaction received by thecam groove 39₁ from the pin 42 through the relative rotation of the movable and stationary pulley halves 34 and 33 causes themovable pulley half 34 to effect the axial thrust force toward thestationary pulley half 33, thereby providing a predetermined side pressure to theendless belt 22. - An automatic centrifugal clutch 43 for transmitting the rotation of the driven
pulley 35 to the gear reducer G comprises aclutch weight 44 pivotally supported on a sidewall of the clutch inner 40 for radially swinging movement. Afriction member 45 mounted on an outer periphery of theclutch weight 44 is opposed to an inner periphery of a clutch outer 46 secured to a left end of the output shaft 32. If the rotational speed of the drivenpulley 35 is increased, the clutch inner 40 and the clutch outer 46 are coupled to each other through thefriction member 45, and the driving force is transmitted to the output shaft 32. - An
input gear 47 integrally formed on the output shaft 32 functioning as an input shaft of the gear reducer G is meshed with a firstintermediate gear 49 of a small diameter provided on an intermediate shaft 48 supported between theleft case half 3 and thereducer cover 7, and further, a secondintermediate gear 50 of a large diameter provided on the intermediate shaft 48 is meshed with anoutput gear 52 of anoutput shaft 51 supported between theleft case half 3 and thereducer cover 7. The rear wheel Wr is mounted on theoutput shaft 51 at its right end which projects to the outside from theleft case half 3. - The structure of a gear shift ratio changing means 61 provided on the driving
pulley 19 will be described below with reference to Figs. 4 and 5. The gear shift ratio changing means 61 is disposed in the form of a unit as an assembly within a containing chamber in the belt type continuously variable transmission B covered by theleft case half 3 and theside cover 8. - The gear shift ratio changing means 61 includes a
motor 62 disposed to extend perpendicular to thecrankshaft 13 along an inner wall of theleft case half 3. A worm gear 63₁ formed at a tip end of anoutput shaft 63 of themotor 62 is meshed with aworm wheel 65 carried on aworm wheel shaft 64 disposed in parallel to thecrankshaft 13. Theworm wheel 65 is meshed with ahelical gear 66₁ formed on an outer periphery of amovable collar 66. Amulti-thread screw 66₃ is formed on an inner periphery of ashank 66₂ of themovable collar 66 and meshed with amulti-thread screw 68₃ formed on acover member 68 for the gear shift ratio changing means 61, which is mounted to theleft case half 3. - The
cover member 68 is a doughnut-like hollow vessel formed by combination of a ring-likeinner cover 68₁ with anouter cover 68₂. The worm gear 63₁, theworm wheel 65 and themovable collar 66 are lubricated by a grease enclosed in thecover member 68. Thecover member 68 is detachably supported in a floating manner in theleft case half 3 through abolt 87 penetrating through arubber bush 86 which is mounted on a projection on an outer periphery of theinner cover 68₁. - Since the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is disposed within the containing chamber in the belt type continuously variable transmission B covered by the
left case half 3 and theside cover 8, an operational sound of themotor 62 cannot leak out to the outside. In addition, since the grease is enclosed within thecover member 68, there is no fear of a leakage of the grease into theleft case half 3, which may cause a slippage of theendless belt 22 of the belt type continuously variable transmission B. Further, since the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is assembled in the form of a unit and supported on theleft case half 3 through therubber bush 86 in a floating manner, not only the assembling to the transmission B and maintenance thereof are made easy, but also a vibration cannot be transmitted to the gear shift ratio changing means 61, thereby increasing a vibration resistance. Moreover, the operational sound of themotor 62 of the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is difficult to leak out. - A left end of the
shank 66₂ of themovable collar 66 is relatively rotatably but axially non-movably connected to themovable pulley half 21 through aball bearing 69. Thus, if themotor 62 is driven in one direction, themovable collar 66 is rotated through the worm gear 63₁ and theworm wheel 65, so that themulti-thread screw 66₃ of themovable collar 66 is moved in a direction of an arrow A by a reaction force acting from themulti-thread screw 68₃ of thecover member 68, and themovable pulley half 21 is moved toward thestationary pulley half 20, with the result that the width of a groove in the drivingpulley 19 is reduced. On the other hand, if themotor 62 is driven in an opposite direction, themovable collar 66 is moved in a direction of an arrow B, with the result that the width of the groove in the drivingpulley 19 is increased. - The gear shift ratio changing means 61 is provided with a
limit switch mechanism 70 for detecting the left and right limits of the movement of themovable collar 66, i.e., a position in which the gear shift ratio is LOW and a position in which the gear shift ratio is TOP. Thelimit switch mechanism 70 comprises afirst limit switch 71 for detecting the position in which the gear shift ratio position is LOW, and asecond limit switch 72 for detecting the position in which the gear shift ratio is TOP. Each of the limit switches 71 and 72 is operated by opposite ends of an urgingpiece 74 mounted at one end of a reciprocallyswingable shaft 73. To theswingable shaft 73 are secured along its axis afirst leaf 75 for operating thefirst limit switch 71 and asecond leaf 76 for operating thesecond limit switch 72. A predetermined angle difference is defined between both theleaves spring 77 is mounted on thesecond leaf 76 for biasing thesecond leaf 76 in a direction to abut against themovable collar 66, and astep 66₄ is formed on themovable collar 66 at an end face adjacent the engine E. - Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a control system for the
motor 62 of the gear shiftratio changing means 61. Themotor 62 is controlled by output signals from an enginerevolution number sensor 78 for detecting the number of revolutions of the engine E from the rotation of the flywheel 14, an acceleratoropening degree sensor 79 comprised of a potentiometer operatively connected to an opening and closing stem of a throttle valve, and avehicle speed sensor 80 for detecting the vehicle speed from the rotation of the clutch outer 46. - More specifically, if an accelerator opening degree ϑ is calculated on the basis of the output signal from the accelerator
opening degree sensor 79, a preestimated value ϑ ' of accelerator opening degree is calculated on the basis of such accelerator opening degree ϑ and a variation rate Δ ϑ of the opening degree ϑ . In addition, a vehicle speed V is detected on the basis of the output signal from thevehicle speed sensor 80, and a target engine revolution number Neo is searched in a table on the basis of such vehicle speed V and the preestimated value ϑ ' of accelerator opening degree. - If an engine revolution number Ne is calculated on the basis of the output signal from the engine
revolution number sensor 78, a preestimated value Ne' of engine revolution number is calculated on the basis of such engine revolution number Ne and a variation rate Δ Ne of the engine revolution number Ne. The preestimated value Ne' of engine revolution number and the target engine revolution number Neo searched in the table are compared with each other, and a difference therebetween, i.e., a deviation of the preestimated value Ne' from the target engine revolution number Neo is calculated. Subsequently, a duty table is searched on the basis of such deviation, and a pulse signal indicative of a command to drive themotor 62 is controlled to change the gear shift ratio by the gear shift ratio changing means 61, thereby causing an actual engine revolution number to coincide with the target engine revolution number Neo . - If an over-revolution of the engine is determined on the basis of the output signal from the engine
revolution number sensor 78, or if it is determined on the basis of the output signal from thevehicle speed sensor 80 that the vehicle speed has exceeded a limit vehicle speed, the output power from the engine E is reduced by stopping the ignition of a spark plug or increasing the interval of ignition thereof. - The operation of the first embodiment of the present invention having the above-described construction will be described below.
- When the engine E is in an idling state, the grooves in the driving
pulley 19 and the drivenpulley 35 have increased and reduced widths, respectively, and the gear shift ratio is LOW. If the number of revolutions of the engine is now increased, the rotation of thecrankshaft 13 is transmitted from the drivingpulley 19 through theendless belt 22 to the drivenpulley 35 to rotate the clutch inner 40 of the automatic centrifugal clutch 43 along with the drivenpulley 35. This causes thefriction member 45 of theclutch weight 44 mounted on the clutch inner 40 to abut against the clutch outer 46, thereby permitting the output shaft 32 to be driven. The rotation of the output shaft 32 is transmitted through the gear reducer G to the rear wheel Wr. - Here, if the vehicle is started to travel by the engagement of the automatic centrifugal clutch 43, the
motor 62 of the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is driven in accordance with the current accelerator opening degree, vehicle speed and engine revolution number, and theworm wheel 65 meshed with the worm gear 63₁ formed on theoutput shaft 63 of themotor 62 is rotated. When the rotation of theworm wheel 65 is transmitted through thehelical gear 66₁ to themovable collar 66, the latter is moved in the direction A in Fig. 1 by the action ofmulti-thread screws movable pulley half 21 of the drivingpulley 19 to move toward thestationary pulley half 20 to reduce the width of the groove, so that theendless belt 22 engaging the drivingpulley 19 is moved radially outwardly. As a result, the width of the groove in the drivenpulley 35 is increased by the tension of theendless belt 22, and themovable pulley half 34 is moved away from thestationary pulley half 33 against a resilient force of thespring 41. Thus, the effective radius of the drivingpulley 19 is increased, while the effective radius of the drivenpulley 35 is decreased, and the gear shift ratio of the belt type continuously variable transmission B is changed from LOW toward TOP. - The position in which the gear shift ratio of the belt type continuously variable transmission B is LOW or TOP is detected by the
limit switch mechanism 70. More specifically, if themovable collar 66 is rotated in a direction of an arrow a shown in Fig. 5A, and themovable pulley half 21 of the drivingpulley 19 reaches a LOW position spaced apart farthest from thestationary pulley half 20, thefirst leaf 75 is urged upwardly in a direction of an arrow against the resilient force of thespring 77 by means of thestep 66₄ formed on thecollar 66, and theswingable shaft 73 is swung in a direction of an arrow b. As a result, thefirst limit switch 71 is operated by the urgingpiece 74 and detects the fact that the gear shift ratio is LOW. On the other hand, if themovable collar 66 is rotated in a direction of an arrow c shown in Fig. 5B, so that themovable pulley half 21 of the drivingpulley 19 is moved toward a TOP position closest to thestationary pulley half 20, both of thefirst leaf 75 and thesecond leaf 76 are spaced apart from thehelical gear 66₁, and theswingable shaft 73 is swung in a direction of an arrow d shown in Fig. 5B by the resilient force of thespring 77. As a result, thelimit switch 72 is operated and detects the fact that the gear shift ratio is TOP. It should be noted that when the gear shift ratio is changed from the LOW toward the TOP, thesecond leaf 76 having spaced apart from themovable collar 66 is urged by thestep 66₄ of themovable collar 66 and swings in the direction of the arrow b so as to locate over an outer peripheral surface of thehelical gear 66₁. This provides a condition in which thefirst leaf 75 can be urged upwardly by thestep 66₄ when the gear shift ratio reaches the LOW. - If the output characteristic of the potentiometer 83 relative to the accelerator opening degree is established as shown by a solid line in Fig. 7, the shifting characteristics of the belt type continuously variable transmission B corresponding to various accelerator opening degrees ϑ are indicated as shown in Fig. 8. The shifting characteristics of the belt type continuously variable transmission B according to the present invention are such that the engine revolution number during cruising, i.e., in the position in which the gear shift ratio is TOP is remarkably reduced, as compared with those (shown by broken lines) of the prior art mechanical transmission. This enables a reduction in cruising noise. In addition, it is possible to suppress the engine revolution number to a low level at a low vehicle speed, thereby reducing the consumption of fuel. If the output characteristic of the potentiometer 83 is established as shown by a broken line in Fig. 7, it is possible to provide a further reduction in consumption of fuel at a low vehicle speed and a stabilization of the highest speed.
- For limiting the highest or maximum speed of a motorcycle, it is a conventional practice to set the highest speed by balancing the engine output with the travel resistance when the gear shift ratio becomes TOP, or by balancing the engine output power with the travel resistance by reducing the engine output power by means of an ignition time control or a fuel injection amount control. However, such prior art technique is conducted by controlling in a condition where the gear shift ratio is fixed at TOP, and therefore there is a disadvantage that the highest speed is rendered unstable or reduced due to factors such as a dispersion in gear shift ratio, a variation in gear shift ratio due to a wear, or a dispersion in engine output power. Moreover, it is necessary, in the prior art technique, to set the balanced point at a location past the highest engine output point and for this reason, there is a limitation in the establishment of the engine output characteristic, requiring a large labor to stabilize the highest speed. According to the present invention, however, it is possible to set the highest speed at a location short of the highest engine output point, thereby insuring a large range of variation in output near the highest speed to maintain a stabilized highest speed. Moreover, the engine revolution number at the highest output point is reduced, making it possible to substantially reduce the consumption of fuel.
- If the output characteristic of the potentiometer 83 relative to the accelerator opening degree has variations as shown by (1) to (5) in Fig. 10A, various shifting characteristics shown in Figs. 10B to 10F can be provided to the belt type continuously variable transmission B. That is, if the output characteristic of the potentiometer 83 is established in a linear pattern as shown by (1), the interval between the levels of engine revolution number corresponding to the individual accelerator opeing degrees at which gear shifts are conducted is uniform, but if the output characteristic of the potentiometer 83 is established in any of non-linear patterns as shown by (2) to (5), the interval between the levels of the engine revolution number can be varied as an upward narrowed pattern, a downward narrowed pattern, a halfway narrowed pattern and an upward and downward narrowed pattern. This enables various variations to be provided to the performance such as specific fuel consumption and travel feeling in a simple structure. If any of these shifting characteristics can arbitrarily be selected by shifting of a switch, a travelling applicable to the usage of the vehicle can be realized. It is desirable that the switch for changing over the shifting chcracteristics is mounted in the vicinity of an accelerator or a steering handle. Figs. 11 to 13 illustrate a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein components corresponding to those in the previous first embodiment are designated by like reference characters.
- As shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the second embodiment has a feature that a gear shift ratio changing means 61 is provided for the driven
pulley 35. More specifically, thecover member 68 mounted around the outer periphery of the output shaft 32 is provided with a worm gear 62₁ rotated by themotor 62, aworm wheel 65 meshed with the worm gear 62₁, and amovable collar 66 meshed with theworm wheel 65 for axial movement. Themovable collar 66 is relatively rotatably but axially non-movably connected to themovable pulley half 34 of the drivenpulley 35 through aball bearing 67. This ensures that if themotor 62 is driven on the basis of the accelerator opening degree, the engine revolution number and the vehicle speed as in the previous embodiment, themovable pulley half 34 is moved toward and away from thestationary pulley half 33, so that the width of the groove in the drivenpulley 35 is controlled. - The driving
pulley 19, which causes the width of its groove to change in response to the operation of the drivingpulley 35, includes aspring 41 mounted in a compressed manner between a spring seat 85 provided on thecrankshaft 13 and themovable pulley half 34. Thespring 41 acts on themovable pulley half 34 in a direction toward thestationary pulley half 33. The urging force of thespring 41 is larger when the width of the groove is increased (when the gear shift ratio is LOW), and the urging force is smaller when the width of the groove is decreased (when the gear shift ratio is TOP). - It is known that the thrust force of the movable pulley half sufficient for the
endless belt 22 not to slip is proportional to the magnitude of the torque transmitted and is inversely proportional to the effective radius of the pulley. In other words, as shown by a dashed line in Fig. 13, the magnitude of the sufficient thrust force has a characteristic that it gradually decreases as the gear shift ratio is changed from LOW to TOP. With the construction having thespring 41 provided for the drivenpulley 35, however, there is a disadvantage that the thrust force is excessively exhibited as the gear shift ratio is changed toward TOP, as shown by a broken line in Fig. 9. However, if thespring 41 is provided for the drivingpulley 19 as in this embodiment, it is possible to provide a variation in thrust force approaching a required characteristic shown by the dashed line in Fig. 13, ensuring that an optimal tension can be always applied to theendless belt 22 to prevent any slippage of theendless belt 22. Conseqently, themotor 62 of the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is prevented from sufferring from an excessive load, thereby enabling a preciser control of the gear shift ratio. - Alternatively, a spring permitting a displacement changed in a non-linear pattern relative to the load may be used in place of the above-described
spring 41. - Figs. 14 to 17 illustrate a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein components corresponding to those in the previously-described first embodiment are designated by like reference characters.
- As can be seen from Fig. 14, two
ball bearings 67 are disposed side by side on thecrankshaft 13 for supporting themulti-thread screw 68₃ of thecover member 68, and twoball bearings 69 are likewise disposed side by side for relatively rotatably connecting themovable pulley half 21 of the drivingpulley 19 with themovable collar 66 threadedly engaged with themulti-thread screw 68₃ of thecover member 68. This ensures that thecover member 68 and themovable collar 66 rotatably disposed around the outer periphery of thecrankshaft 13 can be supported in a stabilized manner not to incline relative to thecrankshaft 13, thereby making it possible to further smoothly actuate the gear shiftratio changing means 61. - As can be seen from Fig. 15, an
intermediate shaft 86 is interposed between theoutput shaft 63 of themotor 62 of the gear shift ratio changing means 61 and theworm wheel shaft 64 carrying theworm wheel 65. Anintermediate gear 87 and a worm gear 88 provided on theintermediate shaft 86 are meshed with apinion 63₂ provided on theoutput shaft 63 of themotor 62 and theworm wheel 65, respectively. As a result of disposition of theintermediate shaft 86 in a system for transmitting a power from themotor 62 to theworm wheel 65 in this manner, a space for accommodating alimit switch mechanism 70 which will be described hereinafter is insured. - In the third embodiment, a
limit switch mechanism 70 having a structure different from that in the previous first embodiment is employed. - As can be seen from Figs. 14 to 16, the
limit switch mechanism 70 for detecting the left and right limit of the movement of themovable collar 66, i.e., a position in which the gear shift ratio is LOW and a position in which the gear shift ratio is TOP, comprises afirst limit switch 71 for detecting such LOW position and asecond limit switch 72 for detecting such TOP position. Two detectingpieces projections 90₁ and 90₂ for operating the limit switches 71 and 72 respectively are secured to aswingable shaft 73 which is rotatably supported on aswitch housing 89 supporting the first andsecond limit switches pieces spring 92 is supported at its central portion on theswitch housing 89 and abuts at its opposite ends against achamfer 73₁ formed at one end of theswingable shaft 73, thereby biasing theswingable shaft 73 and the two detectingpieces arcuate projections movable collar 66, respectively and are capable of abutting against the pair of detectingpieces - Thus, if the
movable collar 66 is rotated by themotor 62 to a position shown by a solid line in Fig. 14 so as to change the gear shift ratio toward LOW, theprojection 66₅ formed on one of the sides of themovable collar 66 abuts against corresponding one of the detectingpieces 90, thereby swinging the one detectingpiece 90 along with theswingable shaft 73 to a position shown in Fig. 17A. As a result, thefirst limit switch 71 is operated by theprojection 90₁ of the detectingpiece 90 and detects the fact that the gear shift ratio has reached LOW. If themovable collar 66 is rotated to a position shown by a dashed line in Fig. 14 in order to change the gear shift ratio toward TOP, theprojection 66₆ formed on the other side of themovable collar 66 abuts against the other detectingpiece 91, thereby swinging the detectingpiece 91 along with theswingable shaft 73 to a position shown in Fig. 17B. Then, thesecond limit switch 72 is operated by theprojection 91₁ of the detectingpiece 91 and detects the fact that the gear shift ratio has reached TOP. - Figs. 18 and 19 illustrate a fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein components corresponding to those in the previous first embodiment are denoted by like reference characters.
- As can be seen from Figs. 18 and 19, the fourth embodiment has a feature that a motor M is used as a travelling drive source in place of the engine E. More specifically, a substantially
cylindrical motor housing 93 constituting an outer shell of the motor M is coupled to a front right side of theleft case half 3 of the power unit P. An opening of themotor housing 93 at its right end is occluded by alid member 93₁. The motor M has a rotary shaft 94 which is carried through aball bearing 95 mounted on thelid member 93₁ and aball bearing 96 mounted on a left end wall of themotor housing 93, and a cooling fan 97 is mounted on the rotary shaft 94. Adriver 98 for controlling the driving of the motor M and a cup-likeair intake chamber 99 for containing thedriver 98 are clamped together by a bolt on the right side of thelid member 93₁ of themotor housing 93. Air is drawn through anair inlet port 99₁ of theair intake chamber 99 by means of the cooling fan 97 to cool thedriver 98 and is then passed through anair passage 93₂ provided in thelid member 93₁ to cool the motor M. And the air is further passed through anair passage 93₃ provided in a left end wall of themotor housing 93 inside theside cover 8 to cool the belt type continuously variable transmission B, and thereafter discharged to the outside through adischarge port 8₁ which is provided at a rear end of theside cover 8. - The motor M is a DC (direct current) brushless motor and comprises a
rotor 102 having a permanent magnet 101 disposed around an outer periphery of aniron core 100 secured to the rotary shaft 94, astator 106 having a coil wound around an iron core 104 secured in themotor housing 93 by abolt 103, and arotor position sensor 109 comprised of amagnet 107 secured to the rotary shaft 94 and threehall devices 108 disposed in an opposed relation to an outer periphery of themagnet 107. - An accelerator opening degree signal produced by the accelerator
opening degree sensor 79 and a signal indicative of the phase of therotor 102 produced by therotor position sensor 109 are input to a controller which is not shown. The controller controls field-effect transistors of thedriver 98 to sequentially changes over the electric current flowing through thestator 106, thereby rotatably driving the motor M with a predetermined power. - Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be understood that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications and variations in design can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
- For example, although the
motor 62 of the gear shift ratio changing means 61 is controlled on the basis of three signals indicative of the accelerator opening degree, the vehicle speed and the engine revolution number, other signals, in addition to these signals, can be used for the control. Additionally, it is possible to use a hydraulic motor as an actuator for the gear shiftratio changing means 61. Further, for example, any of various cam mechanisms and fork mechanisms can be employed as the gear shift ratio changing means 61, as shown in Fig. 20.
Claims (7)
- A continuously variable transmission for a vehicle comprising:
a continuously variable transmission (B) including a driving pulley (19) comprised of a stationary pulley half (20) and a movable pulley half(21), both the pulley halves (20, 21) being mounted on an input shaft (13, 94) driven by a travelling drive source (E, M); a driven pulley (35) comprised of a stationary pulley half (33) and a movable pulley half(34), both the pulley halves (33, 34) of the driven pulley (35) being mounted on an output shaft (32); and an endless belt (22) wound around the driving pulley (19) and the driven pulley (35); and
a gear shift ratio changing means (61) which is contained in a casing (3, 8) for the continuously variable transmission (B) and which is adapted to change the width of grooves in both the pulleys (19, 35) of the continuously variable transmission (B) by a driving force of an actuator (62) to control the gear shift ratio. - A continuously variable transmission for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said gear shift ratio changing means (61) is assembled in the form of a unit which is detachably supported in said casing (3, 8).
- A continuously variable transmission for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said gear shift ratio changing means (61) is supported in a floating relation to said casing (3, 8).
- A continuously variable transmission for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said actuator (62) of said gear shift ratio changing means (61) is controlled on the basis of at least the number of revolutions of said travelling drive source (E, M), the accelerator opening degree and the vehicle speed.
- A continuously variable transmission for a vehicle according to claim 4, wherein said actuator (62) of said gear shift ratio changing means (61) is controlled on the basis of a deviation between the number of revolutions of the travelling drive source (E, M) and a target revolution number searched in a table based on the accelerator opening degree and the vehicle speed.
- A continuously variable transmission for a vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the output characteristic of a potentiometer (83) for detecting the accelerator opening degree is set in a non-linear pattern, and the shifting characteristic of the continuously variable transmission (B) relative to the accelerator opening degree is changed.
- A continuously variable transmission for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the movable pulley half (34) of said driven pulley (35) is moved toward and away from the stationary pulley half (33) by the gear shift ratio changing means (61), and the movable pulley half (21) of the driving pulley (19) is baised toward the stationary pulley half (20) by a spring (41).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP31501890 | 1990-11-20 | ||
JP315018/90 | 1990-11-20 | ||
PCT/JP1991/001585 WO1992008911A1 (en) | 1990-11-20 | 1991-11-19 | Non-stage transmission for vehicle |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0558752A1 true EP0558752A1 (en) | 1993-09-08 |
EP0558752A4 EP0558752A4 (en) | 1994-11-17 |
EP0558752B1 EP0558752B1 (en) | 1997-05-28 |
Family
ID=18060435
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91919811A Expired - Lifetime EP0558752B1 (en) | 1990-11-20 | 1991-11-19 | Non-stage transmission for vehicle |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5591100A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0558752B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2967374B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR930703560A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1026432C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69126320T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992008911A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
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WO1999002896A1 (en) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-01-21 | I.P. Innovative Products S.R.L. | An actuating device for a continuously variable transmission |
EP1420195A2 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-19 | PIAGGIO & C. S.p.A. | Continuously variable ratio drive |
EP1614939A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-11 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Power unit |
EP1617105A2 (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2006-01-18 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Power transmission unit for in particular small-sized vehicles |
EP1826113A1 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2007-08-29 | HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. | V-belt type automatic transmission |
EP2000704A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-10 | Motive Power Industry Co., Ltd. | Improved clutch of continuous variable transmission system |
EP2039601A1 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-25 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd | Power unit |
EP2065619A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-03 | Kwang Yang Motor Co., Ltd. | Vehicle transmission |
EP2108865A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2009-10-14 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Power unit and straddle-type vehicle provided with the power unit |
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- 1991-11-19 WO PCT/JP1991/001585 patent/WO1992008911A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-11-19 DE DE69126320T patent/DE69126320T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999002896A1 (en) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-01-21 | I.P. Innovative Products S.R.L. | An actuating device for a continuously variable transmission |
EP1420195A2 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-19 | PIAGGIO & C. S.p.A. | Continuously variable ratio drive |
EP1420195A3 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2005-06-08 | PIAGGIO & C. S.p.A. | Continuously variable ratio drive |
EP2108865A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2009-10-14 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Power unit and straddle-type vehicle provided with the power unit |
EP1614939A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-11 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Power unit |
EP2290265A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2011-03-02 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Power unit and staddle-type vehicle provided with the power unit |
EP1617105A2 (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2006-01-18 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Power transmission unit for in particular small-sized vehicles |
EP1617105A3 (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2011-07-27 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Power transmission unit for in particular small-sized vehicles |
EP1826113A1 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2007-08-29 | HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. | V-belt type automatic transmission |
CN101178026B (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2010-06-09 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Power unit |
EP2000704A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-10 | Motive Power Industry Co., Ltd. | Improved clutch of continuous variable transmission system |
EP2039601A1 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-25 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd | Power unit |
EP2065619A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-03 | Kwang Yang Motor Co., Ltd. | Vehicle transmission |
WO2016139109A1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-09-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Cvt transmission featuring improved controllability by means of a starter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2967374B2 (en) | 1999-10-25 |
CN1026432C (en) | 1994-11-02 |
US5591100A (en) | 1997-01-07 |
DE69126320T2 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
CN1065915A (en) | 1992-11-04 |
EP0558752A4 (en) | 1994-11-17 |
WO1992008911A1 (en) | 1992-05-29 |
DE69126320D1 (en) | 1997-07-03 |
KR930703560A (en) | 1993-11-30 |
JPH04366064A (en) | 1992-12-17 |
EP0558752B1 (en) | 1997-05-28 |
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