Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
  • G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
  • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
  • G01N33/54306—Solid-phase reaction mechanisms
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
  • G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to immunoassays utilizing chemiluminescent compounds, and more particularly, relates to heterogeneous chemiluminescent immunoassays wherein a chemiluminescent signal provided by an immobilized product of an immunochemical reaction is amplified, resulting in a more sensitive assay.
• Immunoassays which employ chemiluminescent labels as the signal generating compound are known.
• the application of chemiluminescence generation and detection for immunoassays has been reviewed by W. R. Seitz, "Immunoassay Labels Based on Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence," Clinical Biochemistry 17:120-126 (1984).
• an apparatus and method for performing such assays are available from Ciba-Coming Diagnostics' Magic-LiteTM system, which employs a chemiluminescent label and magnetizable microparticles. Because the brown colored microparticles optically interfere with the chemiluminescent signal, a very low mass of these particles is used. This in turn leads to very slow reactions.
• an assay for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is reported to have a three-hour incubation period.
• many manipulation steps are involved, making this assay configuration difficult to automate.
• the AMERLITETM system employs a device, separate from the luminometer, in which the label is triggered.
• a method for performing a chemiluminescent assay involving directly exciting and measuring a chemiluminescent signal emanating off an immune complex immobilized on or in a solid, porous element that is used as a separation means in a heterogenous immunoassay and an apparatus for performing this measurement are described in pending U. S. Patent Applications Serial No. 07/425,643 and 07/206,645 which enjoy common ownership and are incorporated herein by reference.
• U. S. Patent No. 4,927,769 describes a method of enhancing the chemiluminescent signal generated from acridinium-ester labelled conjugates by the addition of surfactants.
• U. S. Patent No. 4,959,182 describes a method for amplifying the chemiluminescent signal generated from alkaline phosphatase-catalyzed 1 ,2-dioxetanes by the addition of a surfactant and a fluorescent compound attached to it.
• the present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the known art by providing a chemiluminescent signal amplification method that uses the specificity embodied in the interaction of "specific binding pairs.”
• the desired reaction signal is amplified to a much greater extent than the background signal, which improves assay sensitivity.
• the present invention further offers a common specific amplifying agent that can be used in a variety of assays.
• This invention provides a method for determining the presence of an anaiyte in a test sample by specific amplification of a chemiluminescent signal generated from a heterogeneous immunoassay, which method comprises: (a) incubating a test sample containing an anaiyte with an analyte-specific specific binding pair member, to form a first mixture; (b) incubating the first mixture for a time and under conditions sufficient to form analyte/analyte specific binding member pair complexes; (c) contacting the analyte/analyte specific binding member pair complexes with a probe comprising an enhancer compound attached to an analyte-specific binding member, to form a second mixture; (d) incubating the second mixture for a
• the enhancer compound may be selected from the group consisting of a hapten, a fluorescent compound and di-nitrophenol.
• a preferred enhancer compound is biotin.
• the chemiluminescent signal generating compound may be selected from the group consisting of acridinium esters, acridinium sulfonamides, 1 ,2-dioxetanes and luminol.
• a preferred chemiluminescent signal generating compound is an acridinium sulfonamide.
• the analyte-specific binding pair member can be attached to a solid pair.
• a kit for performing an amplified chemiluminescent assay also is provided.
• chemiluminescent properties of acridinium compounds and their use in immunoassays has been described, lmmunochemical tracers with acridinium esters or acridinium sulfonamide labels can be triggered with an alkaline peroxide solution to produce a chemiluminescent signal that maximizes after approximately two seconds. Light emission is completely extinguished after approximately ten (10) seconds.
• Acridinium sulfonamide labeling chemistry may be employed according to the invention for making a stable tracer of high quantum yield. This method is as described in pending
• EP 0 254051 (cited ⁇ uj_ a) describes a siloxy-substituted dioxetane as 4-(6-tert-bi ⁇ tlydimethyisiloxy-2- naphthyl)-4-methoxyspiro[1 ,2-dioxetane-3,2'adamantane] that is triggered with tetrabutlyammonium chloride solution to produce a chemiluminescent
• WO 881 00694 (WO 8906650, cited supra, describes long-lived emissions from alkaline phosphatase catalyzed reactions of 3-(2'- spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3"-phosphoryloxy)-phenyl-1 ,2-dioxetanes (AMPPD) and of a similar ⁇ -galactosidase substrate. Also described is the use of these compounds in an immunoassay. Thus, alkaline phosphatase 1 0 labeling techniques are known and catalyzed dioxetane chemiluminescence may be used to generate long-lived signals.
• AMPPD 3-(2'- spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3"-phosphoryloxy)-phenyl-1 ,2-dioxetanes
• a "specific binding member,” as used herein, is a
• specific binding pairs can include members that are analogs of the original specific binding members, for example, an analyte-analog.
• immunoreactive specific binding members include antigens, antigen
• hapten refers to a partial antigen or non-protein binding member which is capable of binding to an antibody, but which is not capable of eliciting antibody formation unless
• anaiyte is the substance to be detected which may be present in the test sample.
• the anaiyte can be any substance for which there exists a naturally occurring specific binding member (such as, an 35 antibody), or for which a specific binding member can be prepared.
• an anaiyte is a substance that can bind to one or more specific binding members in an assay.
• “Anaiyte” also includes any antigenic substances, haptens, antibodies, and combinations thereof. As a member of a specific
• the anaiyte can be detected by means of naturally occurring specific binding partners (pairs) such as the use of intrinsic factor protein as a member of a specific binding pair for the determination of Vitamin B12, or the use of iectin as a member of a specific binding pair for the determination of a carbohydrate.
• the anaiyte can include a protein, a peptide, an amino acid, a hormone, a steroid, a vitamin, a drug including those administered for therapeutic purposes as well as those administered for illicit purposes, a bacterium, a virus, and metabolites of or antibodies to any of the above substances.
• the details for the preparation of such antibodies and the suitability for use as specific binding members are well known to those skilled in the art.
• a “capture reagent”, as used herein, refers to an unlabeled specific binding member which is specific either for the anaiyte as in a sandwich assay, for the indicator reagent or anaiyte as in a competitive assay, or for an ancillary specific binding member, which itself is specific for the anaiyte, as in an indirect assay.
• the capture reagent can be directly or indirectly bound to a solid phase material before the performance of the assay or during the performance of the assay, thereby enabling the separation of immobilized complexes from the test sample .
• test sample can be a sample of biological fluid, such as whole blood or whole blood components including red blood ceils, white blood cells, platelets, serum and plasma; ascites; urine; cerebrospinal fluid; and other constituents of the body which may contain the anaiyte of interest.
• biological fluid such as whole blood or whole blood components including red blood ceils, white blood cells, platelets, serum and plasma; ascites; urine; cerebrospinal fluid; and other constituents of the body which may contain the anaiyte of interest.
• test samples may be obtained from water, soil and vegetation.
• probe means a member of the specific binding pair attached to an "enhancer compound".
• An "enhancer compound” can be any compound used in the assay which can enhance the signal generated by the chemiluminescent compound.
• enhancer compounds include haptens such as biotin, and also include fluorescein, di- nitrophenol, and the like.
• chemiluminescent compound is meant to include all compounds capable of generating a chemiluminescent signal such as acridinium esters, acridinium sulfonamides, 1 ,2-dioxetanes, luminol, or enzymes that catalyze chemiluminescent substrates, and the like.
• Conjugate means a chemiluminescent compound to which a compound specific for the enhancer compound (a specific binding member of the enhancer) is attached.
• a compound specific for the enhancer compound a specific binding member of the enhancer
• the enhancer compound utilized is biotin, then anti-biotin, or avidin, can be used as the enhancer-specific compound.
• a solid phase may be used according to the method of the invention.
• a "solid phase”, as used herein, refers to any material which is insoluble, or can be made insoluble by a subsequent reaction.
• the solid phase can be chosen for its intrinsic ability to attract and immobilize the capture reagent.
• the solid phase can retain an additional receptor which has the ability to attract and immobilize the capture reagent.
• the additional receptor can include a charged substance that is oppositely charged with respect to the capture reagent itself or to a charged substance conjugated to the capture reagent.
• the receptor molecule can be any specific binding member which is immobilized upon the solid phase and which has the ability to immobilize the capture reagent through a specific binding reaction. The receptor molecule enables the indirect binding of the capture reagent to a solid phase material before the performance of the assay or during the performance of the assay.
• An assay device for the present invention can have many configurations, several of which are dependent upon the material chosen as the solid phase.
• the solid phase can include any suitable porous material.
• porous is meant that the material is one through which the test sample can easily pass and includes both bibulous and non- bibulous solid phase materials.
• the solid phase can include a fiberglass, cellulose, or nylon pad for use in a pour and flow- through assay device having one or more layers containing one or more of the assay reagents; a dipstick for a dip and read assay; a test strip for wicking (e.g., paper) or thin layer chromatographic or capillary action (e.g., nitrocellulose) techniques; or other porous or open pore materials well known to those skilled in the art (e.g., polyethylene sheet material).
• the solid phase is not limited to porous materials.
• the solid phase can also comprise polymeric or glass beads, microparticles, tubes, sheets, plates, slides, wells, tapes, test tubes, or the like, or any other material which has an intrinsic charge or which can retain a charged substance.
• Natural, synthetic, or naturally occurring materials that are synthetically modified, can be used as a solid phase including polysaccharides, e.g., cellulose materials such as paper and cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose; silica; inorganic materials such as deactivated alumina, diatomaceous earth, MgSO-4, or other inorganic finely divided material uniformly dispersed in a porous polymer matrix, with polymers such as vinyl chloride, vinyl chloride- propylene copolymer, and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer; cloth, both naturally occurring (e.g., cotton) and synthetic (e.g., nylon); porous gels such as silica gel, agarose, dextran, and gelatin; polymeric films such as poiyacrilamide; and the like.
• the solid phase should have reasonable strength or strength can be provided by means of a support, and it should not interfere with the production of a detectable signal.
• Preferred solid phase materials for flow-through assay devices include filter paper such as a porous fiberglass material or other fiber matrix materials.
• the thickness of such material is not critical, and will be a matter of choice, largely based upon the properties of the sample or anaiyte being assayed, such as the fluidity of the test sample.
• a charged substance can be coated directly to the material or onto microparticles which are then retained by a solid phase support material.
• microparticles can serve as the solid phase, by being retained in a column or being suspended in the mixture of soluble reagents and test sample, or the particles themselves can be retained and immobilized by a solid phase support material.
• retained and immobilized is meant that the particles on or in the support material are not capable of substantial movement to positions elsewhere within the support material.
• the particles can be selected by one skilled in the art from any suitable type of paniculate material and include those composed of polystyrene, polymethylacrylate, polypropylene, latex, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, or similar materials.
• the size of the particles is not critical, although it is preferred that the average diameter of the particles be smaller than the average pore size of the support material being used.
• a test sample which may contain an anaiyte to be detected is contacted with a solid phase to which a binding pair member specific for the anaiyte is attached, to form a mixture.
• This mixture is incubated for a time and under conditions sufficient for analyte/analyte specific binding pair member complexes to form.
• these complexes are contacted with a probe comprising an enhancer compound attached to an analyte-specific binding par member and incubated again, to form a second mixture.
• This second mixture is incubated for a time and under conditions sufficient for analyte/analyte specific binding pair member/probe complexes to form.
• the analyte/analyte specific binding pair member/probe complexes then are contacted with a conjugate comprising a chemiluminescent signal generating compound conjugated to an enhancer compound binding member, to form a third mixture.
• This third mixture is incubated for a time and under conditions sufficient to form analyte/analyte specific binding pair member/probe/conjugate complexes.
• the presence of the anaiyte in the test sample is determined by measuring the signal generated by the chemiluminescent compound.
• a sandwich assay can be performed wherein a soluble capture reagent can include an analyte-specific binding member which has been bound to a charged substance such as an anionic substance.
• the present invention also can be used to conduct a competitive assay.
• the soluble capture reagent again includes a specific binding member which has been attached to a charged substance, such as an anionic polymer, with which to bind a specific binding partner.
• Carboxylated polystyrene latex particles were purified by stirring with an equal w/w amount of a mixed-bed ion-exchange resin for three (3) hours at ambient room temperature. The particles were isolated and then diluted to a 0.5% solids concentration in 0.02M MES (pH 6.0) and to the suspension then was added 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropy)-carbodiimide in a w/w ratio of 3:1 (EDAC:latex). This mixture was allowed to stir for 20 minutes at ambient room temperature before purified HTLV-I antigen lysate was added in an amount to achieve a final concentration of 60 ⁇ g/ml.
• the suspension then was stirred overnight at ambient room temperature before the coated particles were isolated by centrifugation and purified by three cycles of resuspension-centrifugation in a pH 7.2 solution of 0.01 M phosphate and 0.15 M NaCI, containing 0.1% Tween-20®. After the final centrifugation step, the solids were diluted to a concentration of 0.1% solids in the buffer .
• Viral and recombinant viral proteins were labelled with fluoresceinisothiocyanate using the procedure of Samuel et al., J. Immunol. Methods 107:217-224 (1988).
• the antibody was dialyzed against 0.1 M phosphate (pH 8.0), containing 0.15 M NaCI, and the protein then was adjusted to a concentration of 1 mg/ml in the same buffer.
• the activated acridinium derivative at a 5 to 10 molar excess then was added to the antibody solution at room temperature.
• the reaction mixture was centrifuged (12,000 ⁇ m for two (2) minutes) to remove aggregates, and the supernatant solution then was applied to a TSK-250 gel filtration column, which previously had been equilibrated with 0.01 M sodium phosphate, pH 6.3, containing 0.15 M NaCI.
• One ml fractions were collected, and the absorbance monitored at 280 nm and 369 nm.
• Example 2 previously coated with HTLV-I antigen as described in Example 1 in a pH 7.5 solution of 10% sucrose (w/w%), 0.1% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), 0.1% Tween-20®, 0.1 M phosphate and 0.1% sodium azide was added to 100 ⁇ l of sample in a reaction well. The suspension was then allowed to incubate for about 20 minutes at 40°C before being transferred to the capture membrane by two successive 300 ⁇ l washes of pH 7.2, 0.01 M phosphate, 0.15 M NaCI, containing 0.1% sodium azide.
• BSA Bovine Serum Albumin
• the washed capture membrane then was treated with 30 ⁇ l of a 167 ng/ml solution of anti-biotin to which a chemiluminescent acridinium sulfonamide moiety had been attached (as in Example 4), in 0.01 M MES (pH 6.3), 0.15 M NaCI, 2% BSA, and 0.5% Triton® containing 0.1% sodium azide. After a further ten (10) minute incubation at 40°C, the capture membrane was washed with three (3) 100 ⁇ l portions of a pH 5.5 solution of 0.1 M MES and 0.15 M NaCI containing 0.1% sodium azide.
• the washed capture membrane then was incubated for ten (10) minutes at 40°C prior to being treated with an alkaline peroxide solution (0.25 N NaOH containing 0.3% peroxide). The chemiluminescence was read for six (6) seconds and the presence or absence of anti-HTLV-l was determined.
• HCV antigen 20 ⁇ g HCV antigen was mixed with 100 mg of 2.66 micron diameter polystyrene latex particles in 20 ml of a pH 7.0, 0.1 M phosphate buffer and allowed to stir overnight at room temperature. The solids then were isolated by centrifugation (17,000 m for 25 minutes) and then purified by three cycles of resuspension-centrifugation in 20 ml of a pH 7.0, 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 0.005% Tween-20®.
• biotinamidocaproate N-hydroxysuccinamide ester was added to 500 ⁇ g of HCV antigen in 2.5 ml of 0.05 pH 8.5 borate, containing 0.1 % Tween-20®. After stirring at room temperature for two (2) hours, 50 mg of BSA was added, and the solution was dialyzed ovemight at ambient room temperature against two- 500 ml changes of 0.02 M Tris buffer (pH 8.5) containing 0.002 M dithiothreitol and 0.1% Tween-20®.
• the washed suspension then was allowed to incubate for about ten (10) minutes at 40°C before it was treated with 30 ⁇ l of 660 ng/ml solution of biotinylated recombinant HCV antigen (prepared as in Example 7) in 0.02 M borate (pH 8.5), 5% BSA, and 5.0% Triton X-100® containing 0.1% sodium azide.
• the capture membrane then was allowed to incubate for 20 minutes before it was washed with three (3) 100 ⁇ l portions of a pH 8.0 wash solution which comprised 0.1 M borate, 0.15 M NaCI, and 0.05% lithium dodecylsulfate (LDS) containing 0.1% sodium azide.
• a pH 8.0 wash solution which comprised 0.1 M borate, 0.15 M NaCI, and 0.05% lithium dodecylsulfate (LDS) containing 0.1% sodium azide.
• the washed capture membrane then was treated with 30 ⁇ l of a 165 ng/ml solution of anti-biotin in 0.01 M phosphate (pH 6.3), 0.15 M NaCI, 5% calf serum, and 0.1% Triton® containing 0.1% sodium azide, to which a chemiluminescent acridinium sulfonamide moiety had been attached (prepared as in Example 4).
• the capture membrane was washed with three (3) 100 ⁇ l portions of a pH 8.5 solution of 0.1 M borate, 0.15 M NaCI and 0.02% SDS, containing 0.1% sodium azide.
• the washed capture membrane then was incubated for ten (10) minutes at 40°C prior to being treated with an alkaline peroxide solution (0.25 N NaOH containing 0.3% peroxide). The chemiluminescence was read for six (6) seconds and the presence or absence of anti-HCV was determined.
• HIV antigen (10 mg) in 34.28 ml of 0.5 M borate buffer (pH 8.5) is mixed with 10 ml of a 0.5% solids suspension of polystyrene latex particles, and then 55.72 ml of deionized water was added. The suspension was then allowed to stir overnight at room temperature. The solids were then isolated by centrifugation (17,000 ⁇ m for 30 minutes) and then purified by three cycles of resuspension-centrifugation in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.1% Tween®. The coated particles were then resuspended, allowed to stir gently at 56°C for one (1 ) day, and then stored at room temperature prior to use.
• HIV antigen (1.9 mg) in 2.278 ml of 0.1 M borate buffer (pH 8.5), containing 250 mm NaCI and 0.1% sodium azide, was treated with 0.125 ml of 10% Triton® for 30 minutes. Then, 97 ⁇ l of 5 mg/ml of biotinamidocaproate N-hydroxysuccinamide ester dissolved in DMF, was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for about two (2) hours. The mixture was dialyzed extensively against 0.1 M borate buffer (pH 8.5) containing 250 mm NaCI, 0.1% SDS, and 0.1% sodium azide.
• the capture membrane then was allowed to incubate for 20 minutes before it was washed with three (3) 100 ⁇ l portions of a pH 8.5 wash solution which comprised 0.1 M borate, 0.15 M NaCI, and 0.03% LDS containing 0.1% sodium azide.
• the washed capture membrane then was treated with 30 ⁇ l of a 167 ng/ml solution of anti-biotin antibody to which a chemiluminescent acridinium sulfonamide moiety had been attached (prepared as in Example 4) in 0.01 M phosphate (pH 6.3), 0.15 M NaCI, 5% BSA, and 1.0 % Triton® containing 0.1% sodium azide.
• the capture membrane was washed with five (3) 100 ⁇ l portions of a pH 8.5 solution of 0.1 M borate, 0.15 M NaCI and 0.01% LDS, containing 0.1% sodium azide. The washed capture membrane then was incubated for ten (10) minutes at 40°C prior to being treated with an alkaline peroxide solution (0.25 N NaOH containing 0.3% peroxide). The chemiluminescence was read for six (6) seconds and the presence or absence of anti-HIV was determined.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Cell Biology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=24448191

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (11)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1991
  • 1991-11-08 WO PCT/US1991/008360 patent/WO1992008979A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-11-08 AU AU91049/91A patent/AU650503B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1991-11-08 CA CA002095825A patent/CA2095825A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-11-08 EP EP19920901340 patent/EP0556331A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-11-08 JP JP4501517A patent/JPH06501559A/ja active Pending
  • 1991-11-08 KR KR1019930701366A patent/KR930702680A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-11-22 TW TW080109188A patent/TW205095B/zh active

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events