EP0555159B1 - Heizelement mit Sandwichbauweise und Haushaltgerät wie ein Dampfbügeleisen mit einem solchen Element - Google Patents

Heizelement mit Sandwichbauweise und Haushaltgerät wie ein Dampfbügeleisen mit einem solchen Element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0555159B1
EP0555159B1 EP93420028A EP93420028A EP0555159B1 EP 0555159 B1 EP0555159 B1 EP 0555159B1 EP 93420028 A EP93420028 A EP 93420028A EP 93420028 A EP93420028 A EP 93420028A EP 0555159 B1 EP0555159 B1 EP 0555159B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
heating
thermoplastic resin
heating structure
sheets
electrically insulating
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EP93420028A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0555159A1 (de
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Dominique Gelus
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SEB SA
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SEB SA
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F75/00—Hand irons
    • D06F75/08—Hand irons internally heated by electricity
    • D06F75/24—Arrangements of the heating means within the iron; Arrangements for distributing, conducting or storing the heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/30—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material on or between metallic plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49083—Heater type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of flat heating structures of the sandwich type, intended to assume at least two differentiated thermal functions.
  • the present invention relates to a sandwich heating structure, externally limited by two elements having a certain veryness and of which at least one is a heating plate capable of diffusing the heat produced by a resistive element extending between the two elements.
  • a structure is therefore able to provide heat production which can be differentiated from each element in the case of the use of two heating plates to ensure distinct thermal functions such as heating, vaporization or simply the thermal dissipation.
  • the present invention applies in particular, but not exclusively, to household appliances, and among these, preferably to appliances capable of operating in a humid environment or of being in contact with humidity, such as irons in general whether steamed or dry (use of pattemouille), or even such as fryers or grilling appliances of all kinds.
  • the heating structure is advantageously integrated in an iron of the steam or dry type, and the present invention also directly relates to an iron provided with such a heating structure.
  • the sole must then perform a double thermal function, since it is firstly a question of evaporating water from the upper surface of the sole, and secondly of assuming the ironing proper through the lower surface of said sole.
  • sandwich structure soles externally limited by two diffusing elements of heat such as metal plates between which are arranged a plurality of intermediate layers superimposed on each other from a central element consisting of the resistive element.
  • sandwich structure can, for example, be illustrated by the sole described in French patent application FR-A-2,641,291, in which the intermediate layers between the central resistive element and the two external metal sheets consist of laminated layers of 'brazing alloy, the resistive element being separated from the latter by electrically insulating layers made of micanite sheets.
  • the use of a sandwich structure of this type can be considered as generally satisfactory in terms of the thermal resistance properties of the sole.
  • the object of the present invention therefore aims to remedy the various drawbacks listed above, and to provide a high temperature heating structure with a sandwich structure capable of assuming at least one and preferably two differentiated thermal functions, capable of improving heat dissipation from the resistive element without negatively influencing the resistance over time of the proper internal structure of the heating structure whatever the thermal stresses undergone, and this at a reduced manufacturing cost.
  • a complementary object of the invention aims to provide a heating structure produced in a particularly simplified manner, and having improved air and vapor tightness characteristics.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a heating structure having an improvement in the resistance over time of the cohesion of the various layers constituting it, despite high thermal stresses.
  • the object of the invention also relates to a household appliance comprising such a heating structure, and in particular, a steam iron capable of being produced at low cost, while having good heat dissipation properties, good resistance. in time of the internal cohesion of the elements of the sole, and a good seal of the sole.
  • the heating structure 1 according to the invention and shown in FIG. 2 is of the high temperature type and produced according to a sandwich structure consisting of the stack of a plurality of layers externally bounded by two heat diffusing elements respectively forming a bottom plate 2 and an upper plate 3.
  • the temperatures commonly reached in such a structure exceed 180 ° C. and preferably even are close to 300 ° C.
  • the plates 2, 3 can be made of any rigid or flexible material commonly used to assume a heat diffusion function, such as stainless steel, mild steel, ceramic, vitrocrystalline materials and glass by example, as well as aluminum, the latter material being particularly advantageous in the case of using the heating structure in an iron.
  • the plates 2, 3 can also be made of the same material or, on the contrary, of two distinct materials depending on the applications envisaged, and be of equal or non-thickness.
  • the heating structure comprises a heating unit produced in the form of a resistive element 4 consisting of one or more tracks extending along a defined path forming a series of loops or laces (FIG. 6) between the two plates 2, 3.
  • the resistive element 4 and the loops which it comprises extend in the longitudinal plane of symmetry P of the heating structure 1.
  • the resistive element 4 can be made of any material commonly used as a track heating such as nickel-chromium alloys or preferably based on constantan.
  • the section and the length of the resistive element 4 varies according to the desired electrical power.
  • its thickness will be of the order of 50 u and may vary between 20 and 100 u for example.
  • the resistive element 4 is inserted into a first layer of thermoplastic resin 5, covering at least the upper and lower parts of the resistive element 4.
  • the resistive element 4 is provided with an electrical insulating coating consisting of an upper sheet 6a and a lower sheet 6b adhering respectively to each of the faces of the first layer of thermoplastic resin 5 and consequently delimiting the heating unit.
  • the material used as an electrical insulating coating can obviously be chosen from all the conventional components used to date by those skilled in the art, depending on the thermal stresses of the heating structure. When using the heating structure for a household appliance, of the iron type, it is particularly advantageous to use a material of the polyimide type.
  • the connecting means ensuring adhesion between on the one hand each of the respective opposite faces, 2b, 3a, of the lower and upper plates 2,3 and on the other hand the upper and lower faces of the electrical insulation sheets 6a, 6b , comprises at least one layer of thermoplastic resin, thus respectively forming a layer 7a called upper, and a layer 7b called lower.
  • the respective connections between the plates 2, 3 and the sheets of insulation coating 6a, 6b consist individually of a single layer of thermoplastic resin.
  • thermoplastic material used for each of the layers of thermoplastic resin, 7a, 7b, 5 will preferably have the same composition in each of the three layers. It is however conceivable to produce, each of the three layers in different thermoplastic materials, according to the type of thermal stress to which the heating structure 1 will be subjected, or alternatively to produce only the first layer of thermoplastic resin in a material distinct from the upper layers and lower 7a, 7b.
  • at least the upper 7a and lower 7b layers will be made of the same material, and preferably also the first resin layer 5.
  • thermoplastic resin obviously depends on the thermal stresses undergone by the heating structure and within the framework of a specific application to household appliances and in particular to steam irons, we will advantageously choose PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy) or PEEK (polyetheretherketone) to make each of the three layers of resin.
  • PFA Perfluoroalkoxy
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • other thermoplastic materials can be considered, such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or FEP (Tetrafluorethylene Héxafluoropropylène - Nomenclature taken from WEKA Editions volume 1) for example.
  • thermoplastic resin for example the upper layer 7a.
  • the rigid element 3 rests directly on the upper sheet 6a of electrical insulating coating, and may consist of a series of 3d blades or lamellae, spaced apart.
  • the electrical insulating coating comprises an upper fabric sheet 6'a and a lower fabric sheet 6'b, the weft of which is partially impregnated with the resin layers.
  • thermoplastic 5,7a and 7b The partial impregnation advantageously leaves the core of the frame free, and the electrical insulation is obtained by the conjunction of the thermoplastic resin and the fabrics.
  • the thermoplastic resin advantageously consists of three layers of PEEK and two sheets of partially filled glass fabrics.
  • the fabric sheets 6'a and 6'b also provide a mechanical spacer function in the heating structure ensuring with the thermoplastic resin good electrical insulation in the event of overheating of the tracks of the resistive element 4.
  • the presence of Glass fabrics also facilitate the obtaining of the sandwich structure by avoiding the effects of shrinking the resin layers which positively influences the flatness of the final product.
  • the thickness of the resin layers 7a, 7b forming the connection means with the plates 2,3 is preferably less than that of each sheet 6'a, 6'b of tissue.
  • the sum of the thicknesses of each resin layer 5,7a, 7b will be greater than or equal to 2 times the thickness of each sheet of tissue 6'a, 6'b.
  • the sum of the thicknesses of each resin layer 5,7a, 7b is preferably close to 1/10 of a mm.
  • the heating structure according to the invention can be produced according to a process for obtaining in which the resistive element 4 consists of a metal strip from which the resistive element 4 itself can be obtained by any known means of those skilled in the art and in particular by chemical cutting. Obviously, the resistive element 4 can also be obtained by mechanical cutting or by screen printing of a resistive paste.
  • the process for obtaining the heating structure 1 comprises a step of coating each of the sheets of electrical insulation 6a, 6b, which are pre-coated on each of their two faces by a layer of thermoplastic resin, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the upper covering sheet 6a is pre-coated on its upper face by a layer of thermoplastic resin 7a, and on its lower face by another layer 51 thermoplastic coating.
  • the lower covering sheet 6b is in the same way covered on its lower face by a thermoplastic layer 7b, and on its upper face by another layer of thermoplastic resin 52.
  • the coating of the thermoplastic resin layers can be carried out using any known means, and for example by spraying or dusting.
  • the resin layers 51 and 52 are intended to adhere together on the resistive element 4 and may have for this purpose an individual thickness overall less than the upper and lower thermoplastic resin layers 7a and 7b which are intended to adhere to the faces 2b and 3a of the heat diffusing elements 2, 3.
  • the strip is colaminated, before its chemical cutting, on one of the layers of thermoplastic resin 51, 52 or on one of the electrical insulating sheets.
  • the next step consists in placing at least one resistive element 4 between the two sheets of electrical insulating coating 6a, 6b, pre-coated on each of their two faces with layers of thermoplastic resin.
  • thermoplastic resin 7a, 7b a heat diffusing element 2, 3 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • These diffusing elements heat can consist of different materials well known to those skilled in the art, such as rolled aluminum, stainless steel, steel coated with another metal by co-lamination (mild steel + stainless steel) or by deposition, of galvanized steel for example. It is also possible to use molded synthetic resin materials or even enamelled steel plates.
  • the entire stack is brought to a pressing unit (not shown in the figures) where means for pressing acting on the external faces 11 and 12 respectively of the lower and upper plates 2,3, ensure the compression of the stack formed by the plates 2, 3, the resin layers 7a, 7b, 51, 52, the resistive element 4 with the insulating coating sheets 6a, 6b, according to two opposite forces F1, F2.
  • the entire sandwich structure is also heated to a temperature at least equal to the melting temperature of the thermoplastic resin used, so as to obtain a passage for the resin. from its initial solid state to its liquid state.
  • the heating means used can be conventional and require heating by vibration or ultrasound for example to avoid generalized heating of the heating structure.
  • the heating temperature must be such that the resin is brought to a temperature of substantially between 300 and 310 ° C.
  • the combined action of pressing and the rise in temperature allows in particular good adhesion of the upper layers 7a and lower 7b of thermoplastic resin, on the plates 2, 3 and on the sheets 6a, 6b, as well as a diffusion then a fusion of the two layers of resin 51, 52, around the different tracks constituting the resistive element 4, in order to form the first layer of thermoplastic resin 5 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the resistive element 4 is more or less embedded in the first layer of thermoplastic resin 5.
  • the interstitial spaces 13 formed between the different strands of the circuit formed by the resistive elements 4, before the pressing step and temperature rise can be more or less filled with thermoplastic resin 5.
  • the thickness of each of the layers of thermoplastic resin 7a, 7b, 51, 52 will preferably be of the order of approximately 12.5 microns, while the thickness of the resistive element 4 will be of the order of 50 microns (0.05 mm), the thickness of the electrical insulating sheets being close to 25 microns (0.025 mm).
  • the ratio of the thickness of the PFA layers to the thickness of the resistive element 4 thus obtained, of the order of 3 / 10 can be considered to be the lower limit value below which the adhesion properties, heat dissipation and temperature resistance are compromised or even insufficient.
  • thermoplastic resin 5 obtained from two initial layers 51, 52, of thicknesses as reduced as possible within the limits of the relationship mentioned above
  • the peripheral sealing function can be obtained in a particularly simple way and economical, as shown in FIGS.
  • the upper and lower plates 2, 3, as well as the thermoplastic material will be chosen so as to have substantially identical thermal expansion properties so as to maintain a substantially constant temperature gradient throughout the thickness of the sandwich structure.
  • the lower plates and upper 2, 3 will be made of aluminum metal plates, the resistive element 4 preferably being made of constantan while the two layers of electrical insulating coating 6a, 6b, will be made of two layers of polyimide.
  • Figure 4 shows the incorporation of a heating structure 1 according to the invention in an appliance consisting of an iron, of the steam type of which only the lower part is shown.
  • the lower metal plate 2 forms the ironing sole proper intended to come into contact with a textile article to be ironed not shown in the figure, while the upper metal plate 3 at least partially forms the lower wall of a vaporization chamber 16 consequently arranged directly above the heating structure 1.
  • the function of sealing against steam and external aggressions in general is ensured as described above by mounting a track resistive 14, de-energized forming a peripheral seal at the end of the first resin layer 5.
  • the sealing function can be improved by the interposition of a seal 17 of silicone type, disposed between a lateral peripheral wing 18 of the vaporization chamber 16 and the upper metal plate 3.
  • the assembly can be maintained in place in good sealing conditions by folding the peripheral edge 19 of the lower plate 2 on the side wing 18 so that the peripheral edge 19 maintains by clamping the entire structure of the sole and ensures its peripheral tightness.
  • the iron of the steam type comprises, as is well known in the prior art, a series of passage orifices 21 for the steam, connecting the vaporization chamber 16 and the external face 12 of the lower plate 2.
  • the orifices 21 are produced by spinning the outer plate 2 so as to produce orifices passageway 21 of cylindrical shape, the walls 22 of which pass through the soleplate in leaktight manner to open above the upper face 11 of the plate 3 (see FIG. 5).
  • the different layers of the heating structure of the sole are then held in place at the orifice 21 by riveting the threads, so that the upper flange 23 of the orifice 21 forming the rivet not only assumes a function of compression of the different layers of the heating structure between the plates, 2, 3, so as to promote heat exchange and to avoid deformation, but also a vapor tightness function.
  • the seal is further improved at the passage openings 21, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, by incorporating, in the first resin layer 5, tracks of resistive elements 24, in the form of a ring surrounding the external diameter of the walls 22 constituting the spinning of the orifices 29.
  • the heating structure according to the invention thus has, thanks to the presence of three layers of thermoplastic resin, on the one hand good heat transmission properties between the different layers, and on the other hand also good resistance to mechanical shock and while maintaining good adhesion properties between the different layers.
  • thermoplastic materials used to form the first layer of resin 5 The production of such a heating structure does not require the use of a heavy and expensive industrial infrastructure, and the cost of such a heating structure can consequently be substantially reduced.
  • the dielectric properties of the heating structure can be obtained at the lowest cost, by limiting the quantities of the thermoplastic materials used to form the first layer of resin 5.
  • the heating structure according to the invention and in particular the iron comprising such a heating structure has remarkable vapor tightness properties obtained at a lower cost. Indeed, the seal is ensured by eliminating the mounting of a traditional sealing element through the use, as a sealing means, of certain tracks of the resistive element 4.
  • the incorporation of a heating structure in accordance with the invention in the ironing soleplate of a steam iron allows, thanks to the good heat dissipation properties of the heating assembly, to mount the vaporization chamber directly above the upper plate of the sandwich structure. This results in a great simplification of the internal arrangement of the iron, positively influencing the cost and the ease of manufacture.
  • the heating structure according to the invention is preferably incorporated in an iron of the steam type, but it is obvious that its mounting can extend to any type of iron in general, and also to receptacles fryers of the culinary type, to devices ensuring a grilling function, or having to ensure the formation of steam, such as coffee makers or kettles for example.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Heizstruktur (1), insbesondere für Elektro-Haushaltapparate wie Bügeleisen oder Kochgeräte, so z.B. Friteusen, mit einem durch zwei äußere steife Elemente (2), (3) begrenztem Sandwichaufbau, wobei wenigstens eines der beiden Elemente eine Heizplatte bildet und die beiden Elemente zur Ausbreitung der durch eine Heizeinheit erzeugten Wärme geeignet sind und wobei die Heizeinheit ein mit elektrischen Isoliermitteln (6a), (6b), (6'a), (6'b) versehenes Widerstandselement (4) umfaßt und über Verbindungsmittel fest mit den Elementen (2), (3) verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    - die Heizeinheit durch ein zwei elektrische Isolierfolien (6a), (6b), (6'a), (6'b) umfassendes Isoliermittel begrenzt wird, wobei zwischen den Isolierfolien eine erste Schicht (5) aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff vorgesehen ist, in welcher das Widerstandselement (4) untergebracht ist und welche auf den elektrischen Isolierfolien (6a), (6b), (6'a), (6'b) haftet,
    - die Verbindungsmittel aus wenigstens einer zweiten Schicht (7b) aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff bestehen, wobei sich die Schicht (7b) zwischen der Heizplatte (2) und der Isolierfolie (6b), (6'b) erstreckt und auf der Heizplatte (2) und der Isolierfolie (6b), (6'b) haftet.
  2. Heizstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite steife Element eine zweite Heizplatte (3) bildet und daß die Verbindungsmittel eine dritte Schicht (7a) aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff umfaßen, wobei sich die Schicht (7a) zwischen der zweiten Heizplatte (3) und der anderen ihr zugeordneten Isolierfolie (6a) erstreckt und auf der zweiten Heizplatte (3) und der Isolierfolie (6a) haftet.
  3. Heizstruktur nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schichten (5), (7a), (7b) aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff gleicher Zusammensetzung hergestellt sind.
  4. Heizstruktur nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kunststoffschichten (5), (7a), (7b) aus PTFE, FEP oder vorzugsweise aus PFA oder PEEK hergestellt sind.
  5. Heizstruktur nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich der ersten Kunststoffschicht (5) ein durch einen inaktiven Widerstandsstreifen gebildeter Umfangsisolierrand (14) vorgesehen ist.
  6. Heizstruktur nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizplatten (2), (3) und die Schichten aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff (5), (7a), (7b) annähernd die gleichen Wärmedehnungseigenschaften aufweisen.
  7. Heizstruktur nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurchgekennzeichnet, daß die Heizplatten (2), (3) aus Aluminium und das Widerstandselement (4) aus Konstantan hergestellt sind.
  8. Heizstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrischen Isolierfolien (6a), (6b) durch Polyimidfolien gebildet sind.
  9. Heizstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede der elektrischen Isolierfolien (6a), (6b) durch ein Gewebestück (6'a), (6'b), vorzugsweise ein vom thermoplastischen Kunststoff der Schichten (5), (7a), (7b) durchdrungenes Glasgewebe gebildet ist.
  10. Elektro-Haushaltapparat mit wenigster einer Heizstruktur gemäß einem der Ansrüche 1 bis 9.
  11. Elekro-Haushaltapparat nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er durch ein Dampfbügeleisen gebildet ist, bei welchem die untere Heizplatte (2) die Bügelsohle bildet und die obere Heizplatte (3) wenigstens teilweise die untere Wandung der Dampfkammer (16) bildet.
  12. Elektro-Haushaltapparat nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Dampfaustrittsöffnungen (21) aufweist, welche die Dampfkammer (16) mit der Bügelsohle (2) verbinden und welche mittels eines Durchdrückverfahrens in der unteren Platte (2) und Vernieten auf der oberen Platte hergestellt werden, in der Weise, daß die Dampfdurchtrittsöffnungen (21) ein zusätzliches Verbindungsmittel der Heizstruktur bilden.
  13. Elektro-Haushaltapparat nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der ersten Schicht (5) aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff inaktive Widerstandsstreifen (24) vorgesehen sind, wobei letztere die Wandung der Dampfdurchtrittsöffnungen (21) umgeben und Dichtungselemente bilden.
  14. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Heizelementen gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 9, durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte gekennzeichnet:
    - Anbringen von wenigstens einem Widerstandselement zwischen zwei vorher jeweils beiseitig mit einer Schicht aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff versehenen elektrischen Isolierfolien .
    - Anbringen von wenigstens zwei Platten bildenden Wärmeausbreitungs-Elementen auf den der ersten Schicht aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff und dem Widerstandselement gegenüberliegend angeordneten Schichten aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff.
    - Pressen, mittels auf die Außenseiten der Wärmeausbreitungs-Elemente wirkenden Pressmitteln, der aus den Platten, Kunststoffschichten und elektrischen Isolierfolien bestehenden Einheit, welche gleichzeitig auf eine mindestens der Schmelztemperatur des thermoplastischen Kunststoffs enstsprechenden Temperatur erhitzt wird.
    - Einstellen der Pressvorgangs der Einheit, Abkühlung und Entfernen der einen Sandwichaufbau aufweisenden Heizstruktur.
EP93420028A 1992-01-24 1993-01-22 Heizelement mit Sandwichbauweise und Haushaltgerät wie ein Dampfbügeleisen mit einem solchen Element Expired - Lifetime EP0555159B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9200970 1992-01-24
FR9200970A FR2686761B1 (fr) 1992-01-24 1992-01-24 Element chauffant a structure sandwich et appareil electromenager du type fer a repasser a vapeur comportant un tel element.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0555159A1 EP0555159A1 (de) 1993-08-11
EP0555159B1 true EP0555159B1 (de) 1996-01-10

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US (1) US5804791A (de)
EP (1) EP0555159B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69301250T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2686761B1 (de)
HK (1) HK83096A (de)

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IT1319291B1 (it) * 1999-11-09 2003-10-10 Cadif Srl Pannello per riscaldamento elettrico ad alto rendimento di sicurezza
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US5804791A (en) 1998-09-08
DE69301250D1 (de) 1996-02-22
HK83096A (en) 1996-05-17
FR2686761B1 (fr) 1994-05-27
DE69301250T2 (de) 1996-09-19
EP0555159A1 (de) 1993-08-11
FR2686761A1 (fr) 1993-07-30

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