EP0554160A1 - High frequency electrical cable - Google Patents

High frequency electrical cable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0554160A1
EP0554160A1 EP93400182A EP93400182A EP0554160A1 EP 0554160 A1 EP0554160 A1 EP 0554160A1 EP 93400182 A EP93400182 A EP 93400182A EP 93400182 A EP93400182 A EP 93400182A EP 0554160 A1 EP0554160 A1 EP 0554160A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cable according
dielectric
cable
skin
around
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EP93400182A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0554160B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Dunand
François Vaille
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Filotex SA
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Filotex SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/0009—Details relating to the conductive cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H01B11/1808—Construction of the conductors
    • H01B11/183—Co-axial cables with at least one helicoidally wound tape-conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H01B11/1834—Construction of the insulation between the conductors
    • H01B11/1839—Construction of the insulation between the conductors of cellular structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high frequency electric cable, and in particular a coaxial or symmetrical pair cable.
  • High frequency electric cables occupying the smallest possible space, that is to say capable of withstanding bending stresses, and therefore significant curvatures, are more and more sought after at present with the aim of gain space, particularly in space, military or aeronautical applications.
  • these very flexible cables are required to have mechanical endurance (that is to say good resistance to stresses repeated periodically) and acceptable electrical performance taking into account the applications carried out.
  • a cable of this type is considered satisfactory from the point of view of its linear loss: the latter is of the order of 0.12 to 0.13 dB / m at 1 GHz for a cable 10 mm in diameter.
  • such a cable has a minimum radius of curvature equal to approximately eight times its outside diameter and poor mechanical endurance.
  • the massive core of the cable undergoes damaging degradations. It is moreover thanks to the use of a material with a density greater than 1 for the envelope that the central core is mechanically maintained and makes it possible to guarantee the values of linear weakening given above when the radius of curvature imposed on the cable is equal to eight times its outside diameter.
  • the minimum radii of curvature reached are of the order of four to five times the external diameter of the cable, which represents a significant gain compared to the preceding cables with massive core, and the mechanical endurance is improved.
  • the electrical performance of these cables is unsatisfactory compared to that of solid core cables.
  • the linear loss for a cable with a divided core whose central conductor has a diameter on core equal to the diameter of the massive core of the corresponding massive core cable is on the order of 30% higher than that of a cable with a solid core.
  • the internal conductors used in the various known high-frequency electric cables do not make it possible to meet the requirements in terms of electrical performance at the same time (linear loss close to 0.12 to 0.13 dB / m at around 1 GHz for a cable 10 mm in diameter), and requirements for flexibility (minimum radius of curvature of the order of three to five times the outside diameter of the cable) and mechanical endurance.
  • the present invention therefore aims to produce a high frequency electric cable having a linear loss comparable to that of cables with a solid core and a radius of curvature and mechanical endurance comparable to those of cables with a divided core.
  • the present invention proposes for this purpose a high frequency electric cable comprising at least one internal electrical conductor comprising a strand of conductive wires, characterized in that a metal strip is banded with overlap around said strand.
  • this metallic strip Thanks to this metallic strip, the flexibility of the divided core is preserved while ensuring a better distribution of the current densities on the surface of the conductor, which allows a better distribution of the electromagnetic field in the high frequency electric cable according to the invention; this guarantees along such a cable a linear weakening greater than 10% at most than that of an identical cable having a massive core of the same diameter as that of the strand-ribbon assembly.
  • an envelope made of a dielectric material is arranged around the metal strip so as to hold it mechanically.
  • the dielectric skin can be obtained by extrusion or tape around the metal strip.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy resin
  • FEP ethylene copolymer and fluorinated propylene
  • ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
  • PEEK polyether ether ketone
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • the dielectric skin may also consist of a tape based on PTFE or a composite tape based on polyimide and PTFE, or polyimide and FEP, or polyimide and PFA resin, tape covered with covering around the tape. metallic and whose turns may or may not be welded together.
  • the material constituting the dielectric skin is solid to allow sufficient mechanical retention of the metal strip.
  • the dielectric material constituting the envelope is preferably expanded and has a density less than half that of the same unexpanded material.
  • the cable is thus made more flexible.
  • a symmetrical pair cable according to the invention comprises two inner conductors assembled in a helix or arranged lengthwise and each surrounded by an envelope made of a dielectric material.
  • This material is preferably expanded and has a density less than half that of the same unexpanded material.
  • the assembly of the two conductors can be covered with a dielectric sheath.
  • the latter can also be surrounded by shielding.
  • the symmetrical pair cable thus formed can be protected by means of an external protective sheath made of an insulating material.
  • the ribbon 3 gives the divided core 2 electrical properties not far from those of a solid core while guaranteeing the cable 1 the same flexibility as a conventional divided core cable.
  • the linear weakening of the cable 1 is of the order of 10% greater than that of a cable with a solid core in any point identical elsewhere, and the minimum radius of curvature reached is three to five times the outside diameter of the cable.
  • the cable according to the invention therefore makes it possible to combine the advantages of a cable with a solid core and those of a cable with a divided core.
  • the cable according to the invention allows optimal use thanks to the presence of a thin metal strip, compatible with skin thickness.
  • the dielectric skin 4 provides mechanical retention of the ribbon 3 when the cable 1 is subjected to bending stresses, which makes it possible to avoid, if necessary, the opening of the ribbon 3.
  • the opening tape 3 may cause undesirable variations in the linear weakening of the cable around its nominal value, and the casing 5, generally made of a low density material (for electrical reasons), may not be sufficient to perform this maintenance.
  • the thin and rigid dielectric skin 4 is therefore used, made of a dielectric material to optionally hold the strip 3.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described, and it can be applied, if the need arises, to other types of high frequency cables than cables. coaxial.
  • the invention applies for example to so-called symmetrical pair cables (as opposed to coaxial cables which are sometimes called coaxial pair cables).
  • each of the inner conductors (cores) 12, 12 ′ of the cable 10 with symmetrical pair shown in FIG. 2 is surrounded by a metallic strip 13, 13 ′ then optionally by a dielectric skin 14, 14 ′ before d 'be insulated if necessary is by means of the envelope 15, 15' of a dielectric material.
  • the dielectric skin can be obtained by tape or extrusion, and made of another dielectric material than PTFE. It can for example consist of a ribbon based on polyimide and PTFE such as "KAPTON” (registered trademark). However, it must have a sufficient density, that is to say in practice be made of an unexpanded (or solid) material to allow the mechanical maintenance of the metal strip.
  • the dielectric skin is not necessary in all cases, and the cable according to the invention may or may not be provided with it.
  • the dielectric envelope can be obtained by tape or extrusion. It can be made of any dielectric material other than expanded PTFE, for example expanded PE, as long as its density does not prevent the cable from reaching the desired radii of curvature and endurance.
  • the dielectric envelope and / or the dielectric skin When the dielectric envelope and / or the dielectric skin are banded, they can undergo a conventional heat treatment which makes it possible to weld together the various turns of the banding and to obtain a homogeneous envelope of good mechanical strength.
  • the outer conductor can consist of a single metal braid based on ribbons or wires, or a metal ribbon placed helically around the dielectric envelope.

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  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-frequency electrical cable which includes at least one inner electrical conductor comprising a strand (2) of conductor wires (20), characterised in that a metal tape (3) is taped, with overlap, around the strand (2). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un câble électrique haute fréquence, et en particulier un câble coaxial ou à paire symétrique.The present invention relates to a high frequency electric cable, and in particular a coaxial or symmetrical pair cable.

Les câbles électriques haute fréquence occupant l'espace le plus restreint possible, c'est-à-dire capables de supporter des contraintes de flexion, et donc des courbures, importantes, sont de plus en plus recherchés à l'heure actuelle dans le but de gagner de la place notamment dans les applications spatiales, militaires ou aéronautiques. On demande de plus à ces câbles très souples d'avoir une endurance mécanique (c'est-à-dire une bonne résistance à des contraintes répétées périodiquement) et des performances électriques acceptables compte-tenu des applications effectuées.High frequency electric cables occupying the smallest possible space, that is to say capable of withstanding bending stresses, and therefore significant curvatures, are more and more sought after at present with the aim of gain space, particularly in space, military or aeronautical applications. In addition, these very flexible cables are required to have mechanical endurance (that is to say good resistance to stresses repeated periodically) and acceptable electrical performance taking into account the applications carried out.

C'est en général au niveau des conducteurs intérieurs de ces câbles que se pose le problème de la souplesse.It is generally at the level of the inner conductors of these cables that the problem of flexibility arises.

On connaît notamment actuellement deux types de câbles coaxiaux répondant soit à des exigences en termes de souplesse, soit à des exigences en termes d'affaiblissement linéique.Two types of coaxial cables are currently known in particular, meeting either requirements in terms of flexibility, or requirements in terms of linear loss.

Un premier type de câble coaxial à faible affaiblissement linéique comporte par exemple, disposés coaxialement de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur :

  • une âme centrale constituée d'un conducteur métallique massif, appelée âme massive,
  • une enveloppe en un matériau diélectrique, de densité en général supérieure à 1,
  • un conducteur extérieur constitué par exemple d'une tresse de rubans métalliques à laquelle est superposée une tresse de fils de section circulaire,
  • une gaine extérieure de protection en un matériau isolant.
A first type of coaxial cable with low linear loss comprises, for example, arranged coaxially from the inside to the outside:
  • a central core consisting of a solid metallic conductor, called a solid core,
  • an envelope made of a dielectric material, with a density generally greater than 1,
  • an outer conductor consisting for example of a braid of metallic ribbons to which a braid of wires of circular section is superimposed
  • an outer protective sheath made of an insulating material.

Un câble de ce type est considéré comme satisfaisant du point de vue de son affaiblissement linéique : ce dernier est de l'ordre de 0,12 à 0,13 dB/m à 1 GHz pour un câble de 10 mm de diamètre.A cable of this type is considered satisfactory from the point of view of its linear loss: the latter is of the order of 0.12 to 0.13 dB / m at 1 GHz for a cable 10 mm in diameter.

En revanche, un tel câble présente un rayon de courbure minimal égal environ à huit fois son diamètre extérieur et une endurance mécanique médiocre. Pour des rayons de courbure inférieurs à la valeur précédente, l'âme massive du câble subit des dégradations préjudiciables. C'est d'ailleurs grâce à l'utilisation d'un matériau de densité supérieure à 1 pour l'enveloppe que l'âme centrale est maintenue mécaniquement et permet de garantir les valeurs d'affaiblissement linéique données ci-dessus lorsque le rayon de courbure imposé au câble est égal à huit fois son diamètre extérieur.On the other hand, such a cable has a minimum radius of curvature equal to approximately eight times its outside diameter and poor mechanical endurance. For radii of curvature less than the previous value, the massive core of the cable undergoes damaging degradations. It is moreover thanks to the use of a material with a density greater than 1 for the envelope that the central core is mechanically maintained and makes it possible to guarantee the values of linear weakening given above when the radius of curvature imposed on the cable is equal to eight times its outside diameter.

Pour augmenter la souplesse de ces câbles, on a alors pensé à remplacer l'âme centrale massive par un toron de fils conducteurs constituant "l'âme divisée" du câble, et le matériau diélectrique constituant l'enveloppe par un matériau de densité en général inférieure à 1.To increase the flexibility of these cables, it was then thought to replace the massive central core with a strand of conductive wires constituting the “divided core” of the cable, and the dielectric material constituting the envelope with a density material in general. less than 1.

Dans ce cas, les rayons de courbure minimaux atteints sont de l'ordre de quatre à cinq fois le diamètre extérieur du câble, ce qui représente un gain important par rapport aux câbles à âme massive précédents, et l'endurance mécanique est améliorée.In this case, the minimum radii of curvature reached are of the order of four to five times the external diameter of the cable, which represents a significant gain compared to the preceding cables with massive core, and the mechanical endurance is improved.

Néanmoins, les performances électriques de ces câbles sont peu satisfaisantes comparées à celles des câbles à âme massive. Notamment, l'affaiblissement linéique pour un câble à âme divisée dont le conducteur central a un diamètre sur âme égal au diamètre de l'âme massive du câble à âme massive correspondant (on appelle diamètre sur âme le diamètre du cercle circonscrit au toron) est de l'ordre de 30% supérieur à celui du câble à âme massive.However, the electrical performance of these cables is unsatisfactory compared to that of solid core cables. In particular, the linear loss for a cable with a divided core whose central conductor has a diameter on core equal to the diameter of the massive core of the corresponding massive core cable (the diameter of the core is the diameter of the circle circumscribed in the strand) is on the order of 30% higher than that of a cable with a solid core.

Des problèmes similaires sont observés dans les câbles à paire symétrique, dans lesquels deux conducteurs intérieurs isolés, massifs, ou divisés, sont insérés dans une gaine de protection.Similar problems are observed in symmetrical pair cables, in which two insulated, solid, or divided inner conductors are inserted in a protective sheath.

Ainsi, les conducteurs intérieurs utilisés dans les différents câbles électriques haute fréquence connus ne permettent pas de répondre à la fois aux exigences en termes de performances électriques (affaiblissement linéique proche de 0,12 à 0,13 dB/m environ à 1 GHz pour un câble de 10 mm de diamètre), et aux exigences de souplesse (rayon de courbure minimal de l'ordre de trois à cinq fois le diamètre extérieur du câble) et d'endurance mécanique.Thus, the internal conductors used in the various known high-frequency electric cables do not make it possible to meet the requirements in terms of electrical performance at the same time (linear loss close to 0.12 to 0.13 dB / m at around 1 GHz for a cable 10 mm in diameter), and requirements for flexibility (minimum radius of curvature of the order of three to five times the outside diameter of the cable) and mechanical endurance.

La présente invention a donc pour but de réaliser un câble électrique haute fréquence ayant un affaiblissement linéique comparable à celui des câbles à âme massive et un rayon de courbure et une endurance mécanique comparables à ceux des câbles à âme divisée.The present invention therefore aims to produce a high frequency electric cable having a linear loss comparable to that of cables with a solid core and a radius of curvature and mechanical endurance comparable to those of cables with a divided core.

La présente invention propose à cet effet un câble électrique haute fréquence comportant au moins un conducteur électrique intérieur comprenant un toron de fils conducteurs, caractérisé en ce qu'un ruban métallique est rubané avec recouvrement autour dudit toron.The present invention proposes for this purpose a high frequency electric cable comprising at least one internal electrical conductor comprising a strand of conductive wires, characterized in that a metal strip is banded with overlap around said strand.

Grâce à ce ruban métallique, on conserve la souplesse de l'âme divisée tout en assurant une meilleure répartition des densités de courant à la surface du conducteur, ce qui permet d'obtenir une meilleure répartition du champ électromagnétique dans le câble électrique haute fréquence selon l'invention ; ceci garantit le long d'un tel câble un affaiblissement linéique supérieur de 10% au maximum à celui d'un câble identique possédant une âme massive de même diamètre que celui de l'ensemble toron-ruban.Thanks to this metallic strip, the flexibility of the divided core is preserved while ensuring a better distribution of the current densities on the surface of the conductor, which allows a better distribution of the electromagnetic field in the high frequency electric cable according to the invention; this guarantees along such a cable a linear weakening greater than 10% at most than that of an identical cable having a massive core of the same diameter as that of the strand-ribbon assembly.

Avantageusement, une enveloppe en un matériau diélectrique, appelée peau diélectrique, est disposée autour du ruban métallique de manière à le maintenir mécaniquement.Advantageously, an envelope made of a dielectric material, called a dielectric skin, is arranged around the metal strip so as to hold it mechanically.

La peau diélectrique peut être obtenue par extrusion ou rubanage autour du ruban métallique.The dielectric skin can be obtained by extrusion or tape around the metal strip.

Lorsqu'elle est extrudée autour du ruban métallique, elle peut être constituée de polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE), de résine perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), de copolymère d'éthylène et de propylène fluoré (FEP), d'éthylènetétrafluoroéthylène (ETFE), de polyéther-éthercétone (PEEK), de polyéthylène (PE) ou de polypropylène (PP).When it is extruded around the metal tape, it can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA), ethylene copolymer and fluorinated propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP).

La peau diélectrique peut aussi être constituée d'un ruban à base de PTFE ou d'un ruban composite à base de polyimide et de PTFE, ou de polyimide et de FEP, ou de polyimide et de résine PFA, rubané avec recouvrement autour du ruban métallique et dont les spires peuvent être ou non soudées entre elles.The dielectric skin may also consist of a tape based on PTFE or a composite tape based on polyimide and PTFE, or polyimide and FEP, or polyimide and PFA resin, tape covered with covering around the tape. metallic and whose turns may or may not be welded together.

Avantageusement, le matériau constituant la peau diélectrique est massif pour permettre un maintien mécanique suffisant du ruban métallique.Advantageously, the material constituting the dielectric skin is solid to allow sufficient mechanical retention of the metal strip.

Un câble coaxial selon l'invention peut comporter, disposés coaxialement de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur autour d'un conducteur intérieur :

  • une enveloppe en un matériau diélectrique,
  • un conducteur extérieur,
  • une gaine de protection extérieure en un matériau isolant.
A coaxial cable according to the invention can comprise, arranged coaxially from the inside to the outside around an inside conductor:
  • an envelope made of a dielectric material,
  • an external conductor,
  • an outer protective sheath made of an insulating material.

Le matériau diélectrique constituant l'enveloppe est de préférence expansé et a une densité inférieure à la moitié de celle du même matériau non expansé. Le câble est ainsi rendu plus souple.The dielectric material constituting the envelope is preferably expanded and has a density less than half that of the same unexpanded material. The cable is thus made more flexible.

Un câble à paire symétrique selon l'invention comporte deux conducteurs intérieurs assemblés en hélice ou disposés en long et entourés chacun d'une enveloppe en un matériau diélectrique.A symmetrical pair cable according to the invention comprises two inner conductors assembled in a helix or arranged lengthwise and each surrounded by an envelope made of a dielectric material.

Ce matériau est de préférence expansé et a une densité inférieure à la moitié de celle du même matériau non expansé.This material is preferably expanded and has a density less than half that of the same unexpanded material.

L'ensemble des deux conducteurs peut être recouvert d'une gaine diélectrique. Cette dernière peut en outre être entourée d'un blindage.The assembly of the two conductors can be covered with a dielectric sheath. The latter can also be surrounded by shielding.

Le câble à paire symétrique ainsi constitué peut être protégé au moyen d'une gaine de protection extérieure en un matériau isolant.The symmetrical pair cable thus formed can be protected by means of an external protective sheath made of an insulating material.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront dans la description suivante d'un câble électrique selon l'invention, donnée à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif.Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear in the following description of an electric cable according to the invention, given by way of illustration and in no way limitative.

Dans les figures suivantes :

  • la figure 1 représente en perspective éclatée un câble coaxial selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente en perspective éclatée un câble à paire symétrique selon l'invention.
In the following figures:
  • FIG. 1 shows in exploded perspective a coaxial cable according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows in exploded perspective a cable with a symmetrical pair according to the invention.

Le câble 1 comprend, disposés coaxialement de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur :

  • un toron 2 de fils métalliques 20, le diamètre sur âme du toron 2 étant de 3,1 mm,
  • un ruban métallique 3 en cuivre argenté par exemple, rubané autour du toron 2 avec recouvrement, de sorte que le diamètre de l'ensemble est de 3,2 mm,
  • une enveloppe 4, appelée également peau diélectrique, en PTFE massif de densité environ égale à 2 et d'épaisseur égale à 0,15 mm environ,
  • une enveloppe 5 en PTFE expansé de densité inférieure à 1, et d'épaisseur égale à 2,2 mm,
  • une tresse 6 de rubans métalliques à laquelle est superposée une tresse 7 de fils métalliques de section circulaire, le diamètre de l'ensemble étant alors de 8,8 mm,
  • une gaine extérieure de protection 8 en un matériau isolant, d'épaisseur égale à 0,5 mm.
The cable 1 comprises, arranged coaxially from the inside to the outside:
  • a strand 2 of metal wires 20, the diameter on the core of the strand 2 being 3.1 mm,
  • a metallic ribbon 3 made of silver-plated copper, for example, banded around the strand 2 with covering, so that the diameter of the assembly is 3.2 mm,
  • a casing 4, also called dielectric skin, made of solid PTFE with a density of approximately 2 and a thickness of approximately 0.15 mm,
  • an envelope 5 made of expanded PTFE with a density less than 1 and a thickness equal to 2.2 mm,
  • a braid 6 of metallic ribbons to which a braid 7 of metallic wires of circular section is superimposed, the diameter of the assembly then being 8.8 mm,
  • an outer protective sheath 8 made of an insulating material, of thickness equal to 0.5 mm.

Le ruban 3 confère à l'âme divisée 2 des propriétés électriques peu éloignées de celles d'une âme massive tout en garantissant au câble 1 la même souplesse qu'un câble à âme divisée classique. Ainsi, l'affaiblissement linéique du câble 1 est de l'ordre de 10% supérieur à celui d'un câble à âme massive en tout point identique par ailleurs, et le rayon de courbure minimal atteint est de trois à cinq fois le diamètre extérieur du câble. Le câble selon l'invention permet donc d'associer les avantages d'un câble à âme massive et ceux d'un câble à âme divisée.The ribbon 3 gives the divided core 2 electrical properties not far from those of a solid core while guaranteeing the cable 1 the same flexibility as a conventional divided core cable. Thus, the linear weakening of the cable 1 is of the order of 10% greater than that of a cable with a solid core in any point identical elsewhere, and the minimum radius of curvature reached is three to five times the outside diameter of the cable. The cable according to the invention therefore makes it possible to combine the advantages of a cable with a solid core and those of a cable with a divided core.

Par ailleurs, lorsque le câble est utilisé à des fréquences élevées (typiquement de l'ordre de 100 MHz), une très faible épaisseur de métallisation suffit au niveau du conducteur central, et ce en raison de l'effet de peau ; alors que l'âme divisée des câbles souples classiques est peu performante aux hautes fréquences du fait de l'irrégularité de sa surface extérieure, le câble selon l'invention permet une utilisation optimale grâce à la présence d'un ruban métallique de faible épaisseur, compatible avec l'épaisseur de peau.Furthermore, when the cable is used at high frequencies (typically of the order of 100 MHz), a very small thickness of metallization is sufficient at the level of the central conductor, and this because of the skin effect; while the divided core of conventional flexible cables is ineffective at high frequencies due to the irregularity of its external surface, the cable according to the invention allows optimal use thanks to the presence of a thin metal strip, compatible with skin thickness.

En outre, la peau diélectrique 4 assure un maintien mécanique du ruban 3 lorsque le câble 1 est soumis à des contraintes de flexion, ce qui permet d'éviter, le cas échéant, l'ouverture du ruban 3. En effet, l'ouverture du ruban 3 risquerait d'entraîner des variations indésirables de l'affaiblissement linéique du câble autour de sa valeur nominale, et l'enveloppe 5, généralement constituée d'un matériau de faible densité (pour des raisons électriques), peut ne pas suffire à effectuer ce maintien. On utilise donc la peau diélectrique 4, fine et rigide et constituée d'un matériau diélectrique pour maintenir éventuellement le ruban 3.In addition, the dielectric skin 4 provides mechanical retention of the ribbon 3 when the cable 1 is subjected to bending stresses, which makes it possible to avoid, if necessary, the opening of the ribbon 3. In fact, the opening tape 3 may cause undesirable variations in the linear weakening of the cable around its nominal value, and the casing 5, generally made of a low density material (for electrical reasons), may not be sufficient to perform this maintenance. The thin and rigid dielectric skin 4 is therefore used, made of a dielectric material to optionally hold the strip 3.

Bien évidemment, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit, et elle peut s'appliquer, si le besoin s'en fait sentir, à d'autres types de câbles haute fréquence que les câbles coaxiaux.Obviously, the invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described, and it can be applied, if the need arises, to other types of high frequency cables than cables. coaxial.

L'invention s'applique par exemple aux câbles dits à paire symétrique (par opposition aux câbles coaxiaux qui sont parfois appelés câbles à paire coaxiale).The invention applies for example to so-called symmetrical pair cables (as opposed to coaxial cables which are sometimes called coaxial pair cables).

Ces câbles comportent habituellement deux âmes divisées 12 et 12' (voir figure 2) éventuellement entourées l'une et l'autre d'une enveloppe en un matériau diélectrique 15, 15' du même type que l'enveloppe 5, et placées côte à côte ou assemblées en hélice. L'ensemble peut être recouvert d'une gaine diélectrique 30, puis d'un blindage métallique 16, 17, et peut être protégé par une gaine externe de protection 18 en un matériau isolant. Selon l'invention, chacun des conducteurs intérieurs (âmes) 12, 12' du câble 10 à paire symétrique représenté en figure 2 est entouré d'un ruban métallique 13, 13' puis éventuellement d'une peau diélectrique 14, 14' avant d'être isolé si besoin est au moyen de l'enveloppe 15, 15' en un matériau diélectrique.These cables usually include two divided cores 12 and 12 ′ (see FIG. 2) possibly both surrounded by an envelope made of a dielectric material 15, 15 ′ of the same type as the envelope 5, and placed side by side. side or helically assembled. The assembly can be covered with a dielectric sheath 30, then with a metal shield 16, 17, and can be protected by an external sheath of protection 18 made of an insulating material. According to the invention, each of the inner conductors (cores) 12, 12 ′ of the cable 10 with symmetrical pair shown in FIG. 2 is surrounded by a metallic strip 13, 13 ′ then optionally by a dielectric skin 14, 14 ′ before d 'be insulated if necessary is by means of the envelope 15, 15' of a dielectric material.

Quel que soit le type de câble, la peau diélectrique peut être obtenue par rubanage ou extrusion, et constituée d'un autre matériau diélectrique que le PTFE. Elle peut par exemple être constituée d'un ruban à base de polyimide et de PTFE comme le "KAPTON" (marque déposée). Elle doit cependant avoir une densité suffisante, c'est-à-dire en pratique être constituée d'un matériau non expansé (ou massif) pour permettre le maintien mécanique du ruban métallique. La peau diélectrique n'est pas nécessaire dans tous les cas, et le câble selon l'invention peut ou non en être muni.Whatever the type of cable, the dielectric skin can be obtained by tape or extrusion, and made of another dielectric material than PTFE. It can for example consist of a ribbon based on polyimide and PTFE such as "KAPTON" (registered trademark). However, it must have a sufficient density, that is to say in practice be made of an unexpanded (or solid) material to allow the mechanical maintenance of the metal strip. The dielectric skin is not necessary in all cases, and the cable according to the invention may or may not be provided with it.

L'enveloppe diélectrique peut être obtenue par rubanage ou extrusion. Elle peut être constituée de tout autre matériau diélectrique que le PTFE expansé, par exemple du PE expansé, du moment que sa densité n'empêche pas le câble d'atteindre les rayons de courbure et l'endurance souhaités.The dielectric envelope can be obtained by tape or extrusion. It can be made of any dielectric material other than expanded PTFE, for example expanded PE, as long as its density does not prevent the cable from reaching the desired radii of curvature and endurance.

Lorsque l'enveloppe diélectrique et/ou la peau diélectrique sont rubanées, elles peuvent subir un traitement thermique classique à chaud permettant de souder entre elles les différentes spires du rubanage et d'obtenir une enveloppe homogène de bonne tenue mécanique.When the dielectric envelope and / or the dielectric skin are banded, they can undergo a conventional heat treatment which makes it possible to weld together the various turns of the banding and to obtain a homogeneous envelope of good mechanical strength.

D'autre part, le conducteur extérieur peut être constitué d'une seule tresse métallique à base de rubans ou de fils, ou d'un ruban métallique posé en hélice autour de l'enveloppe diélectrique.On the other hand, the outer conductor can consist of a single metal braid based on ribbons or wires, or a metal ribbon placed helically around the dielectric envelope.

Enfin, on pourra remplacer tout moyen par un moyen équivalent sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Finally, any means can be replaced by equivalent means without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (16)

1/ Câble électrique haute fréquence comportant au moins un conducteur électrique intérieur comprenant un toron (2) de fils conducteurs (20), caractérisé en ce qu'un ruban métallique (3) est rubané avec recouvrement autour dudit toron (2). 1 / High frequency electric cable comprising at least one internal electrical conductor comprising a strand (2) of conductive wires (20), characterized in that a metal strip (3) is banded with overlap around said strand (2). 2/ Câble selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'une enveloppe (4) en un matériau diélectrique, appelée peau diélectrique, est disposée autour dudit ruban métallique (3) de manière à le maintenir. 2 / cable according to claim 1 characterized in that an envelope (4) of a dielectric material, called dielectric skin, is arranged around said metal strip (3) so as to maintain it. 3/ Câble selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que ladite peau diélectrique (4) est obtenue par extrusion ou rubanage autour dudit ruban métallique. 3 / cable according to claim 2 characterized in that said dielectric skin (4) is obtained by extrusion or tape around said metal strip. 4/ Câble selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3 caractérisé en ce que ladite peau (4) est extrudée autour dudit ruban métallique et constituée d'un matériau choisi parmi le PTFE, la résine PFA, le FEP, l'ETFE, le PEEK, le PE et le PP. 4 / Cable according to one of claims 2 or 3 characterized in that said skin (4) is extruded around said metal strip and made of a material chosen from PTFE, PFA resin, FEP, ETFE, PEEK, PE and PP. 5/ Câble selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3 caractérisé en ce que ladite peau (4) est constituée d'un ruban à base de PTFE ou d'un ruban à base de polyimide et de PTFE, ou d'un ruban à base de polyimide et de résine PFA, ou d'un ruban à base de polyimide et de FEP rubané avec recouvrement autour dudit ruban métallique. 5 / Cable according to one of claims 2 or 3 characterized in that said skin (4) consists of a tape based on PTFE or a tape based on polyimide and PTFE, or a tape based on polyimide and PFA resin, or a ribbon based on polyimide and FEP banded with covering around said metallic ribbon. 6/ Câble selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que les spires dudit ruban constituant ladite peau diélectrique (4) sont soudées entre elles. 6 / cable according to claim 5 characterized in that the turns of said ribbon constituting said dielectric skin (4) are welded together. 7/ Câble selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6 caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau constituant ladite peau diélectrique (4) est massif. 7 / Cable according to one of claims 2 to 6 characterized in that said material constituting said dielectric skin (4) is solid. 8/ Câble selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, disposés coaxialement de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur autour d'un conducteur intérieur (2, 3, 4) : - une enveloppe (5) en un matériau diélectrique, - un conducteur extérieur (6, 7), - une gaine de protection extérieure (8) en un matériau isolant. 8 / Cable according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that it comprises, arranged coaxially from the inside to the outside around an inner conductor (2, 3, 4): - an envelope (5) made of a dielectric material, - an external conductor (6, 7), - an outer protective sheath (8) made of an insulating material. 9/ Câble selon la revendication 8 caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau diélectrique constituant ladite enveloppe (5) est expansé et a une densité inférieure à la moitié de celle du même matériau non expansé. 9 / cable according to claim 8 characterized in that said dielectric material constituting said envelope (5) is expanded and has a density less than half that of the same unexpanded material. 10/ Câble selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux conducteurs intérieurs (12, 13, 14 ; 12', 13', 14'). 10 / Cable according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that it comprises two inner conductors (12, 13, 14; 12 ', 13', 14 '). 11/ Câble selon la revendication 10 caractérisé en ce que lesdits conducteurs (12, 12') sont assemblés en hélice ou disposés en long. 11 / Cable according to claim 10 characterized in that said conductors (12, 12 ') are assembled in a helix or arranged lengthwise. 12/ Câble selon l'une des revendications 10 ou 11 caractérisé en ce que lesdits conducteurs (12, 13, 14 ; 12', 13', 14') sont entourés chacun d'une enveloppe en un matériau diélectrique (15, 15'). 12 / Cable according to one of claims 10 or 11 characterized in that said conductors (12, 13, 14; 12 ', 13', 14 ') are each surrounded by an envelope of a dielectric material (15, 15' ). 13/ Câble selon la revendication 12 caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau diélectrique constituant lesdites enveloppes (15, 15') est expansé et a une densité inférieure à la moitié de celle du même matériau non expansé. 13 / cable according to claim 12 characterized in that said dielectric material constituting said envelopes (15, 15 ') is expanded and has a density less than half that of the same unexpanded material. 14/ Câble selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13 caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble desdits deux conducteurs (12, 13, 14 ; 12', 13', 14') est recouvert d'une gaine diélectrique (30). 14 / Cable according to one of claims 10 to 13 characterized in that all of said two conductors (12, 13, 14; 12 ', 13', 14 ') is covered with a dielectric sheath (30). 15/ Câble selon la revendication 14 caractérisé en ce que ladite gaine diélectrique (30) est entourée d'un blindage (16, 17). 15 / cable according to claim 14 characterized in that said dielectric sheath (30) is surrounded by a shield (16, 17). 16/ Câble selon l'une des revendications 10 à 15 caractérisé en ce qu'il est protégé par une gaine de protection extérieure (18) en un matériau isolant. 16 / Cable according to one of claims 10 to 15 characterized in that it is protected by an external protective sheath (18) made of an insulating material.
EP93400182A 1992-01-28 1993-01-26 High frequency electrical cable Expired - Lifetime EP0554160B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9200869A FR2686727B1 (en) 1992-01-28 1992-01-28 ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR AND ELECTRIC CABLE CONTAINING SUCH A CONDUCTOR.
FR9200869 1992-01-28

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EP0554160A1 true EP0554160A1 (en) 1993-08-04
EP0554160B1 EP0554160B1 (en) 1996-08-14

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US (1) US5414215A (en)
EP (1) EP0554160B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2088215C (en)
DE (1) DE69303936T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2090896T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2686727B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2088215C (en) 1999-09-14
ES2090896T3 (en) 1996-10-16
FR2686727A1 (en) 1993-07-30
FR2686727B1 (en) 1997-01-31
DE69303936D1 (en) 1996-09-19
CA2088215A1 (en) 1993-07-29
US5414215A (en) 1995-05-09
DE69303936T2 (en) 1996-12-19
EP0554160B1 (en) 1996-08-14

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