EP0553435A2 - Natural draft cooling tower - Google Patents

Natural draft cooling tower Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0553435A2
EP0553435A2 EP92120517A EP92120517A EP0553435A2 EP 0553435 A2 EP0553435 A2 EP 0553435A2 EP 92120517 A EP92120517 A EP 92120517A EP 92120517 A EP92120517 A EP 92120517A EP 0553435 A2 EP0553435 A2 EP 0553435A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
exchange elements
cooling tower
steam
natural draft
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Granted
Application number
EP92120517A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0553435A3 (en
EP0553435B1 (en
Inventor
Burkhard Trage
Richard Leitz
Georg Schrey
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Balcke Duerr AG
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Balcke Duerr AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F28B2001/065—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium with secondary condenser, e.g. reflux condenser or dephlegmator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/90—Cooling towers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a natural draft cooling tower with a plurality of preferably roof-shaped heat exchange elements for the condensation of turbine exhaust steam from a power plant, the heat exchange elements supplied with the steam to be condensed being supplied partly via a common, centrally arranged steam supply line and radially branching distribution lines and partly through the condenser are switched dephlegmatorically, the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements are arranged on the steam side after the condenser switched heat exchange elements, and the heat exchange elements are distributed over a plurality of identical sectors, each of which has complete lines for steam distribution as well as inert gas and condensate discharge.
  • Such natural draft cooling towers for the condensation of turbine exhaust from a power plant are known from DE-OS 34 41 514. Since an accumulation of inert gases in the heat exchangers must be prevented, the residual condensation takes place in the dephlegmatorically switched, forced-ventilation heat exchange elements from which the inert gases are drawn off. So that these dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements are adequately supplied with cooling air in all load cases and even in unfavorable weather conditions, these dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements are provided with their own fans.
  • a symmetrical natural draft cooling tower in which the roof-shaped heat exchange elements are arranged radially to the longitudinal axis of the cooling tower.
  • the steam to be condensed is supplied via a centrally arranged steam supply line, from which radial steam distribution lines branch off to the upper edge of the respective heat exchange elements.
  • These are partly condenser and partly dephlegmatory, the dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange elements being arranged on the inside around the steam supply line.
  • One dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange element is assigned to two condenser heat exchange elements arranged in radial extension, so that overall there is an arrangement of the heat exchange elements in the form of individual segments. All heat exchange elements and the associated lines are arranged on a single, common supporting structure, which rests on shoulders of the outer shell of the natural draft cooling tower.
  • DE-OS 24 05 999 also discloses a natural draft cooling tower with a radial arrangement of the individual heat exchange elements.
  • the condenser-connected heat exchange elements are on the outside and the dephlegmator-connected heat exchange elements are on the inside near the central steam supply line arranged.
  • the arrangement of the condenser heat exchange elements is two-stage, with half of the turbine exhaust gas occurring in the outer first stage being fed together with half the steam from the adjacent first stage to a common second condenser stage which is arranged further inwards.
  • the heat exchange elements of the second condenser stage thus take over the residual steam from two adjacent first condenser stages arranged in different radial positions.
  • the disadvantage here is that the circuitry linking the condenser heat exchange elements with the respectively adjacent, radially offset heat exchange elements means that reduced operation of the system using only a part of the total heat exchange elements available is not possible.
  • the condenser-operated heat exchange elements are arranged in several rings around the central longitudinal axis of the cooling tower.
  • the steam to be condensed is supplied via steam supply lines arranged in a circle around the central longitudinal axis of the cooling tower. All of the heat exchange elements of a ring are accommodated on a common supporting structure in order to enable an arrangement that rises outwards in a step-like manner by a suitable selection of their height.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a natural draft cooling tower that allows a favorable adaptation of the respective condensing capacity to different operating conditions and / or changing weather conditions and at the same time one enables the best possible use of the cooling tower base.
  • the solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that the sectors each have their own support structure for the heat exchange elements, which is independent of the other sectors, and that the condenser-connected heat exchange elements with their longitudinal axis each have a secant to the central steam supply line on the support structure are arranged and that the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements are provided with their own fans.
  • the length dimensions of the preferably roof-shaped heat exchange elements can be chosen differently according to their arrangement on the support structure which is identical for all sectors. In this way, almost complete coverage of the sectors with heat exchange elements is achieved, so that the free spaces to be covered are reduced to a minimum.
  • the structurally identical sectors each comprise the proportion of condenser and dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange elements corresponding to the respective number of sectors, including their complete lines for steam distribution and for the discharge of inert gas and condensate, wherein the heat exchange elements and the complete lines are arranged on an independent supporting structure and the independent sectors are only connected to the extent that they are each connected to the centrally arranged steam supply line.
  • the supporting structure of all sectors can be designed simultaneously as support for the cooling tower shell designed as a steel structure. In this development according to the invention, there is no need for a separate foundation for the cooling tower shell.
  • the cooling tower shell is designed as a closed polygon. This shape, which is approximated to a circular base area, enables the heat exchange elements to be supplied with cooling air evenly and prevents the emergence of preferred or particularly unfavorable wind directions.
  • the heat exchange elements are arranged in several "rings" with respect to the central axis of the cooling tower shell.
  • the condenser-connected heat exchange elements can be arranged in parallel next to each other and with their longitudinal axis corresponding to the steam distribution chamber forming the ridge of the roof-shaped elements, each in the manner of a secant to the central steam supply line and the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange element with its suction chamber forming the ridge and radially aligned and directly adjacent to the steam supply line be arranged on the supporting structure.
  • the invention proposes to arrange the heat exchange elements of each sector in a manner known per se on a plane rising from the center to the outside.
  • the first exemplary embodiment of a natural draft cooling tower shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a plurality of roof-shaped heat exchange elements 1, 2, which are connected to a steam supply line 3 for the condensation of turbine exhaust steam from a power plant, not shown.
  • the end of this steam supply line 3 runs vertically in the center of the cooling tower and is connected to radially extending distribution lines 4, each of which is assigned to a sector S of the cooling tower, as can be seen particularly clearly from FIG. 2.
  • the cooling tower is formed by six such identical sectors S.
  • the steam to be condensed arrives in two condenser-connected heat exchange elements 1, which are connected in parallel to one another, via the central steam supply line 3 and a radially extending distribution line 4. Most of the steam condenses in these condenser-connected heat exchange elements 1.
  • the residual steam loaded with inert gases passes through manifolds 5 into the distribution chambers 6 located below of the dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange element 2 downstream of the condenser-connected heat exchange elements 1, as best shown in FIG. 1.
  • the residual condensation of the steam takes place in this dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange element 2.
  • each dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange element 2 is provided with at least one separate fan 7.
  • the condensate resulting from the condensation in the heat exchange elements 1 and 2 is drawn off below the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange element 2 through a condensate discharge line 8.
  • the inert gases resulting from the condensation are discharged through a gas line 9.
  • the heat exchange elements 1 and 2 with the associated distribution line 4, the collecting lines 5 and the condensate discharge line 8 and the gas line 9 are arranged on a supporting structure 10 belonging to each sector S, which is indicated in FIG. 1.
  • these supporting structures 10 serve not only to support the heat exchange elements 1 and 2 and the associated lines, but also as a foundation for the cooling tower shell, which in the exemplary embodiment is formed as a steel structure from shell segments 11 in the manner of a closed polygon.
  • the heat exchange elements 1 and 2 are adapted to the circumstances in terms of their length in order to make optimum use of the area and differ from ring to ring.
  • the design of the individual finned tubes, their roof-shaped arrangement, the span of the heat exchange elements 1 and the design of the chambers running at the ridge and at the lower ends are identical.
  • the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements 2 are composed of identical elements, which in the exemplary embodiment are almost square, and which are provided with one or more fans 7. They can be arranged on the inner, a middle or the outer ring of each sector S according to the necessary area share. 1 and 2, an arrangement with an area ratio of condenser-switched heat exchange elements 1 to dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements 2 of approximately 5: 1 is shown, the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements 2 being arranged on the innermost ring.
  • the ridges of the dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange elements 2 forming the suction chambers for the inert gases are arranged in the exemplary embodiment parallel to the ridges of the condenser switched heat exchange elements 1, which act as steam distribution chambers.
  • the heat exchange elements 1 and 2 are arranged in a horizontal plane
  • the second embodiment according to FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of the heat exchange elements 1 and 2, each belonging to a sector S, on a plane rising from the center to the outside.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a natural draft cooling tower having a plurality of preferably roof-shaped heat exchange elements (1, 2) for the condensation of the turbine steam of a power station, the heat exchange elements (1, 2) supplied with the steam to be condensed via a common, centrally arranged steam feed line (3) and distribution lines (4) which branch off radially therefrom being connected in part in a condensing fashion and in part in a partially condensing fashion, the heat exchange elements (2) connected in a partially condensing fashion being arranged on the steam side downstream of the heat exchange elements (1) connected in a condensing fashion, and the heat exchange elements being distributed over a plurality of identical sectors (S) which in each case have complete lines for steam distribution as well as drainage of inert gas and condensate. In order, inter alia, to permit the best possible utilisation of the cooling tower floor area, it is proposed with the invention that the sectors (S) in each case have their own support structure (10), independent of the remaining sectors (S), for the heat exchange elements (1, 2), that the heat exchange elements (1) connected in a condensing fashion are arranged with their longitudinal axis on the support structure (10) in each case like a secant relative to the central steam feed line (3), and that the heat exchange elements (2) connected in a partially condensing fashion are provided with their own ventilators. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Naturzug-Kühlturm mit einer Mehrzahl von vorzugsweise dachförmigen Wärmeaustauschelementen zur Kondensation von Turbinenabdampf eines Kraftwerks, wobei die über eine gemeinsame, zentrisch angeordnete Dampfzufuhrleitung und radial hiervon abzweigende Verteilleitungen mit dem zu kondensierenden Dampf versorgten Wärmeaustauschelemente zum einen Teil kondensatorisch und zum anderen Teil dephlegmatorisch geschaltet sind, die dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente dampfseitig nach den kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelementen angeordnet sind, und die Wärmeaustauschelemente auf eine Mehrzahl identischer Sektoren verteilt sind, die jeweils komplette Leitungen für Dampfverteilung sowie Inertgas- und Kondensatableitung aufweisen.The invention relates to a natural draft cooling tower with a plurality of preferably roof-shaped heat exchange elements for the condensation of turbine exhaust steam from a power plant, the heat exchange elements supplied with the steam to be condensed being supplied partly via a common, centrally arranged steam supply line and radially branching distribution lines and partly through the condenser are switched dephlegmatorically, the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements are arranged on the steam side after the condenser switched heat exchange elements, and the heat exchange elements are distributed over a plurality of identical sectors, each of which has complete lines for steam distribution as well as inert gas and condensate discharge.

Derartige Naturzug-Kühltürme zur Kondensation von Turbinenabdampf eines Kraftwerks sind aus der DE-OS 34 41 514 bekannt. Da eine Ansammlung von Inertgasen in den Wärmetauschern verhindert werden muß, findet die Restkondensation in den dephlegmatorisch geschalteten, zwangsbelüfteten Wärmeaustauschelementen statt, aus denen die Inertgase abgezogen werden. Damit diese dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente bei allen auftretenden Lastfällen und auch bei ungünstigen Witterungsverhältnissen ausreichend mit Kühlluft versorgt werden, sind diese dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente mit eigenen Ventilatoren versehen. Diese Ventilatoren stellen auch bei ungünstigsten Witterungsbedingungen, wie starkem Seitenwind und Inversion eine vollständige Restkondensation des insgesamt zu kondensierenden Turbinenabdampfes in den dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelementen sicher und schaffen darüber hinaus die Möglichkeit, daß durch den mit ihrem Einbau verbundenen Zugewinn an Zugleistung des ansonsten im Naturzug betriebenen Kühlturms die Kühlturmschale mit entsprechend geringerer Höhe ausgeführt werden kann, wodurch Baukosten eingespart werden.Such natural draft cooling towers for the condensation of turbine exhaust from a power plant are known from DE-OS 34 41 514. Since an accumulation of inert gases in the heat exchangers must be prevented, the residual condensation takes place in the dephlegmatorically switched, forced-ventilation heat exchange elements from which the inert gases are drawn off. So that these dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements are adequately supplied with cooling air in all load cases and even in unfavorable weather conditions, these dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements are provided with their own fans. These fans provide complete ventilation even in the most adverse weather conditions, such as strong cross winds and inversion Residual condensation of the total turbine evaporation to be condensed in the dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange elements and also create the possibility that the cooling tower shell can be designed with a correspondingly lower height due to the increase in traction power of the cooling tower, which is otherwise operated naturally, due to its installation, which saves construction costs.

Aus der DE-AS 19 60 619 ist ein symmetrisch aufgebauter Naturzug-Kühlturm bekannt, bei dem die dachförmig gestalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente radial zur Längsachse des Kühlturms angeordnet sind. Die Zufuhr des zu kondensierenden Dampfes erfolgt über eine zentrisch angeordnete Dampfzufuhrleitung, von der radial Dampfverteilleitungen zur Oberkante der jeweiligen Wärmeaustauschelemente abzweigen. Diese sind teilweise kondensatorisch und teilweise dephlegmatorisch geschaltet, wobei die dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente innen um die Dampfzufuhrleitung herum angeordnet sind. Jeweils ein dephlegmatorisch geschaltetes Wärmeaustauschelement ist zwei in radialer Verlängerung hierzu angeordneten, kondensatorischen Wärmeaustauschelementen zugeordnet, so daß sich insgesamt eine Anordnung der Wärmeaustauschelemente in Form einzelner Segmente ergibt. Sämtliche Wärmeaustauschelemente sowie die dazugehörigen Leitungen sind auf einer einzigen, gemeinsamen Tragkonstruktion angeordnet, die auf Absätzen der äußeren Schale des Naturzug-Kühlturms aufliegt.From DE-AS 19 60 619 a symmetrical natural draft cooling tower is known, in which the roof-shaped heat exchange elements are arranged radially to the longitudinal axis of the cooling tower. The steam to be condensed is supplied via a centrally arranged steam supply line, from which radial steam distribution lines branch off to the upper edge of the respective heat exchange elements. These are partly condenser and partly dephlegmatory, the dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange elements being arranged on the inside around the steam supply line. One dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange element is assigned to two condenser heat exchange elements arranged in radial extension, so that overall there is an arrangement of the heat exchange elements in the form of individual segments. All heat exchange elements and the associated lines are arranged on a single, common supporting structure, which rests on shoulders of the outer shell of the natural draft cooling tower.

Auch die DE-OS 24 05 999 offenbart einen Naturzug-Kühlturm mit radialer Anordnung der einzelnen Wärmeaustauschelemente. Wiederum sind die kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente außen und die dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente innen nahe der zentrischen Dampfzufuhrleitung angeordnet. Die Anordnung der kondensatorischen Wärmeaustauschelemente ist zweistufig, wobei die Hälfte des in der äußeren ersten Stufe anfallenden Turbinenabdampfes zusammen mit der Hälfte des Dampfes der benachbarten ersten Stufe einer gemeinsamen zweiten kondensatorischen Stufe zugeleitet wird, welche weiter innen angeordnet ist. Die Wärmeaustauschelemente der zweiten kondensatorischen Stufe übernehmen also den Restdampf von zwei benachbarten und in unterschiedlichen radialen Lagen angeordneten ersten kondensatorischen Stufen. Nachteilig hierbei ist, daß durch die schaltungstechnische Verknüpfung der kondensatorischen Wärmeaustauschelemente mit den jeweils benachbarten, radial versetzten Wärmeaustauschelementen ein reduzierter Betrieb der Anlage unter Verwendung nur eines Teils der insgesamt zur Verfügung stehenden Wärmeaustauschelemente nicht möglich ist.DE-OS 24 05 999 also discloses a natural draft cooling tower with a radial arrangement of the individual heat exchange elements. Again, the condenser-connected heat exchange elements are on the outside and the dephlegmator-connected heat exchange elements are on the inside near the central steam supply line arranged. The arrangement of the condenser heat exchange elements is two-stage, with half of the turbine exhaust gas occurring in the outer first stage being fed together with half the steam from the adjacent first stage to a common second condenser stage which is arranged further inwards. The heat exchange elements of the second condenser stage thus take over the residual steam from two adjacent first condenser stages arranged in different radial positions. The disadvantage here is that the circuitry linking the condenser heat exchange elements with the respectively adjacent, radially offset heat exchange elements means that reduced operation of the system using only a part of the total heat exchange elements available is not possible.

Bei einem aus der DE-OS 22 42 058 bekannten Naturzug-Kühlturm schließlich sind die kondensatorisch betriebenen Wärmeaustauschelemente in mehreren Ringen um die zentrale Längsachse des Kühlturms angeordnet. Die Zufuhr des zu kondensierenden Dampfes erfolgt über kreisförmig um die zentrale Längsachse des Kühlturms angeordnete Dampfzufuhrleitungen. Sämtliche Wärmeaustauschelemente eines Ringes sind auf einer gemeinsamen Tragkonstruktion untergebracht, um durch eine geeignete Auswahl von deren Höhe eine nach außen hin treppenartig ansteigende Anordnung zu ermöglichen.Finally, in a natural draft cooling tower known from DE-OS 22 42 058, the condenser-operated heat exchange elements are arranged in several rings around the central longitudinal axis of the cooling tower. The steam to be condensed is supplied via steam supply lines arranged in a circle around the central longitudinal axis of the cooling tower. All of the heat exchange elements of a ring are accommodated on a common supporting structure in order to enable an arrangement that rises outwards in a step-like manner by a suitable selection of their height.

Ausgehend von dem Naturzug-Kühlturm nach der DE-AS 19 60 619 liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Naturzug-Kühlturm zu schaffen, der eine günstige Anpassung der jeweiligen Kondensierungsleistung an unterschiedliche Betriebsbedingungen und/oder an sich ändernde Witterungsbedingungen gestattet und der zugleich eine bestmögliche Ausnutzung der Kühlturmgrundfläche ermöglicht.Starting from the natural draft cooling tower according to DE-AS 19 60 619, the invention has for its object to provide a natural draft cooling tower that allows a favorable adaptation of the respective condensing capacity to different operating conditions and / or changing weather conditions and at the same time one enables the best possible use of the cooling tower base.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabenstellung durch die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sektoren jeweils eine eigene, von den übrigen Sektoren unabhängige Tragkonstruktion für die Wärmeaustauschelemente aufweisen, daß die kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente mit ihrer Längsachse jeweils in der Art einer Sekante zu der zentrischen Dampfzufuhrleitung auf der Tragkonstruktion angeordnet sind und daß die dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente mit eigenen Ventilatoren versehen sind.The solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that the sectors each have their own support structure for the heat exchange elements, which is independent of the other sectors, and that the condenser-connected heat exchange elements with their longitudinal axis each have a secant to the central steam supply line on the support structure are arranged and that the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements are provided with their own fans.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung eines Naturzug-Kühlturms wird zunächst erreicht, daß die Längenabmessungen der vorzugsweise dachförmig ausgebildeten Wärmeaustauschelemente entsprechend ihrer Anordnung auf der für alle Sektoren identischen Tragkonstruktion unterschiedlich gewählt werden können. Hierdurch wird eine nahezu vollständige Belegung der Sektoren mit Wärmeaustauschelementen erreicht, so daß sich die abzudeckenden Freiräume auf ein Minimum reduzieren. So ist es beispielsweise bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform möglich, die außenliegenden Hälften der kondensatorisch geschalteten dachförmigen Wärmeaustauschelemente in Elementenlängsrichtung länger auszubilden, wodurch die ungenutzte Grundfläche weiter vermindert wird.By designing a natural draft cooling tower according to the invention it is first achieved that the length dimensions of the preferably roof-shaped heat exchange elements can be chosen differently according to their arrangement on the support structure which is identical for all sectors. In this way, almost complete coverage of the sectors with heat exchange elements is achieved, so that the free spaces to be covered are reduced to a minimum. For example, in a preferred embodiment it is possible to make the outer halves of the condenser-connected roof-shaped heat exchange elements longer in the longitudinal direction of the elements, thereby further reducing the unused base area.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Gestaltung eines Naturzug-Kühlturms ergibt sich ferner eine erhebliche Vereinfachung bei der Konstruktion und Berechnung von zur Kondensation von Turbinenabdampf eingesetzten Naturzug-Kühltürmen, weil jeweils nur ein Sektor des in mehrere Sektoren aufgeteilten Kühlturms konstruiert und berechnet werden muß. Die baugleichen Sektoren umfassen jeweils den der jeweiligen Anzahl der Sektoren entsprechenden Anteil an kondensatorisch und dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelementen, einschließlich ihrer kompletten Leitungen für die Dampfverteilung und für die Inertgas- und Kondensatableitung, wobei die Wärmeaustauschelemente und die kompletten Leitungen auf einer eigenständigen Tragkonstruktion angeordnet sind und nur insoweit eine Verbindung der untereinander selbständigen Sektoren erfolgt, als diese jeweils an die zentrisch angeordnete Dampfzufuhrleitung angeschlossen sind. Für den erfindungsgemäßen Naturzug-Kühlturm ist es somit ausreichend, einen der Sektoren zu konstruieren und zu berechnen, in die der Kühlturm insgesamt aufgeteilt ist. Hierdurch ergibt sich gleichzeitig eine Verringerung des Aufwandes für die Herstellung und Errichtung des Kühlturms, weil eine Mehrzahl identischer Sektoren hergestellt und aufgebaut wird, so daß sich auch die Fertigungs- und Montagekosten verringern. Schließlich ergeben sich auch beim Betrieb des erfindungsgemäßen Naturzug-Kühlturmes Vorteile, weil die voneinander unabhängigen Sektoren einzeln zu- und abgeschaltet und auch hinsichtlich ihrer Leistung verändert werden können, so daß sich insbesondere eine günstige Anpassung der jeweiligen Kondensierungsleistung an unterschiedliche Betriebsbedingungen und/oder an sich ändernde Witterungsbedingungen ergibt.With the design of a natural draft cooling tower according to the invention, there is also a considerable simplification in the construction and calculation of natural draft cooling towers used for the condensation of turbine exhaust gas, because only one sector of the cooling tower divided into several sectors has to be constructed and calculated. The structurally identical sectors each comprise the proportion of condenser and dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange elements corresponding to the respective number of sectors, including their complete lines for steam distribution and for the discharge of inert gas and condensate, wherein the heat exchange elements and the complete lines are arranged on an independent supporting structure and the independent sectors are only connected to the extent that they are each connected to the centrally arranged steam supply line. For the natural draft cooling tower according to the invention, it is therefore sufficient to construct and calculate one of the sectors into which the cooling tower is divided as a whole. This also results in a reduction in the effort for the manufacture and erection of the cooling tower, because a plurality of identical sectors are manufactured and built, so that the manufacturing and assembly costs are also reduced. Finally, there are also advantages in the operation of the natural draft cooling tower according to the invention, because the sectors which are independent of one another can be switched on and off individually and their performance can be changed, so that in particular a favorable adaptation of the respective condensing performance to different operating conditions and / or itself changing weather conditions.

Um die Erstellungskosten für den erfindungsgemäßen Naturzug-Kühlturm weiter herabzusetzen, kann gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung die Tragkonstruktion sämtlicher Sektoren gleichzeitig als Unterstützung für die als Stahlkonstruktion ausgebildete Kühlturmschale ausgebildet werden. Bei dieser erfindungsgemäßen Weiterbildung entfällt ein eigenes Fundament für die Kühlturmschale.In order to further reduce the production costs for the natural draft cooling tower according to the invention, according to a further feature of the invention, the supporting structure of all sectors can be designed simultaneously as support for the cooling tower shell designed as a steel structure. In this development according to the invention, there is no need for a separate foundation for the cooling tower shell.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Kühlturmschale als geschlossenes Polygon ausgeführt. Diese einer kreisförmigen Grundfläche angenäherte Form ermöglicht eine gleichmäßige Beaufschlagung der Wärmeaustauschelemente mit Kühlluft und verhindert das Entstehen bevorzugter oder besonders ungünstiger Windrichtungen. Die Wärmeaustauschelemente sind hierbei hinsichtlich der Mittelachse der Kühlturmschale in mehreren "Ringen" angeordnet.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cooling tower shell is designed as a closed polygon. This shape, which is approximated to a circular base area, enables the heat exchange elements to be supplied with cooling air evenly and prevents the emergence of preferred or particularly unfavorable wind directions. The heat exchange elements are arranged in several "rings" with respect to the central axis of the cooling tower shell.

Alternativ können die kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente parallel nebeneinander und mit ihrer mit der den First der dachförmigen Elemente bildenden Dampfverteilkammer übereinstimmenden Längsachse jeweils in der Art einer Sekante zu der zentrischen Dampfzufuhrleitung und das dephlegmatorisch geschaltete Wärmeaustauschelement mit seiner den First bildenden Absaugkammer radial ausgerichtet und der Dampfzufuhrleitung unmittelbar benachbart auf der Tragkonstruktion angeordnet sein. Bei dieser Gestaltung ergeben sich Vorteile hinsichtlich der Führung des Restdampfes zwischen den kondensatorisch geschalteten und dem dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelement.Alternatively, the condenser-connected heat exchange elements can be arranged in parallel next to each other and with their longitudinal axis corresponding to the steam distribution chamber forming the ridge of the roof-shaped elements, each in the manner of a secant to the central steam supply line and the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange element with its suction chamber forming the ridge and radially aligned and directly adjacent to the steam supply line be arranged on the supporting structure. With this design, there are advantages with regard to the guidance of the residual steam between the condenser-connected and the dephlegmator-connected heat exchange element.

Um die Unempfindlichkeit des Naturzug-Kühturms gegenüber Seitenwind zu verbessern, wird mit der Erfindung schließlich vorgeschlagen, die Wärmeaustauschelemente jedes Sektors in an sich bekannter Weise auf einer von der Mitte nach außen ansteigenden Ebene anzuordnen.Finally, in order to improve the insensitivity of the natural draft cow tower to cross winds, the invention proposes to arrange the heat exchange elements of each sector in a manner known per se on a plane rising from the center to the outside.

Auf der Zeichnung sind mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Naturzug-Kühlturms dargestellt, und zwar zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels mit einer Darstellung der Wärmeaustauschelemente gemäß dem Schnitt I - I in Fig. 2,
Fig. 2
eine Draufsicht auf die Wärmeaustauschelemente gemäß dem Schnitt II - II in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform,
Fig. 4
eine weitere Darstellung gemäß den Fig. 1 und 3 einer dritten Ausführungsform und
Fig. 5
eine weitere Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1,3 und 4.
Several exemplary embodiments of the natural draft cooling tower according to the invention are shown in the drawing, namely:
Fig. 1
2 shows a side view of a first exemplary embodiment with a representation of the heat exchange elements according to the section I - I in FIG. 2,
Fig. 2
a plan view of the heat exchange elements according to section II - II in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
1 corresponding representation of a second embodiment,
Fig. 4
a further representation according to FIGS. 1 and 3 of a third embodiment and
Fig. 5
a further representation according to FIGS. 1,3 and 4.

Das in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte erste Ausführungsbeispiel eines Naturzug-Kühlturms umfaßt eine Mehrzahl von dachförmigen Wärmeaustauschelementen 1,2, die zur Kondensation von Turbinenabdampf eines nicht dargestellten Kraftwerks an eine Dampfzufuhrleitung 3 angeschlossen sind. Das Ende dieser Dampfzufuhrleitung 3 verläuft senkrecht in der Mitte des Kühlturms und ist mit radial verlaufenden Verteilleitungen 4 verbunden, die jeweils einem Sektor S des Kühlturms zugeordnet sind, wie besonders deutlich aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 und 2 wird der Kühlturm durch sechs derartige identische Sektoren S gebildet.The first exemplary embodiment of a natural draft cooling tower shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a plurality of roof-shaped heat exchange elements 1, 2, which are connected to a steam supply line 3 for the condensation of turbine exhaust steam from a power plant, not shown. The end of this steam supply line 3 runs vertically in the center of the cooling tower and is connected to radially extending distribution lines 4, each of which is assigned to a sector S of the cooling tower, as can be seen particularly clearly from FIG. 2. In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the cooling tower is formed by six such identical sectors S.

Über die zentrale Dampfzufuhrleitung 3 und jeweils eine radial verlaufende Verteilleitung 4 gelangt der zu kondensierende Dampf beim Ausführungsbeispiel in zwei kondensatorisch geschaltete Wärmeaustauschelemente 1, die zueinander parallelgeschaltet sind. In diesen kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelementen 1 kondensiert der größte Teil des Dampfes. Der mit Inertgasen belastete Restdampf gelangt durch Sammelleitungen 5 in die untenliegenden Verteilkammern 6 des den kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelementen 1 dampfseitig nachgeschalteten dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelements 2, wie am besten aus Fig. 1 hervorgeht. In diesem dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelement 2 erfolgt die Restkondensation des Dampfes. Um eine derartige Restkondensation sicherzustellen, ist jedes dephlegmatorisch geschaltete Wärmeaustauschelement 2 mit mindestens einem eigenen Ventilator 7 versehen. Das durch die Kondensation in den Wärmeaustauschelementen 1 und 2 entstehende Kondensat wird unterhalb des dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelements 2 durch eine Kondensatabfuhrleitung 8 abgezogen. Am First des dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelements 2 werden durch eine Gasleitung 9 die bei der Kondensation anfallenden Inertgase abgeführt.In the exemplary embodiment, the steam to be condensed arrives in two condenser-connected heat exchange elements 1, which are connected in parallel to one another, via the central steam supply line 3 and a radially extending distribution line 4. Most of the steam condenses in these condenser-connected heat exchange elements 1. The residual steam loaded with inert gases passes through manifolds 5 into the distribution chambers 6 located below of the dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange element 2 downstream of the condenser-connected heat exchange elements 1, as best shown in FIG. 1. The residual condensation of the steam takes place in this dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange element 2. Such residual condensation ensure, each dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange element 2 is provided with at least one separate fan 7. The condensate resulting from the condensation in the heat exchange elements 1 and 2 is drawn off below the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange element 2 through a condensate discharge line 8. At the ridge of the dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange element 2, the inert gases resulting from the condensation are discharged through a gas line 9.

Die Wärmeaustauschelemente 1 und 2 mit der zugehörigen Verteilleitung 4, den Sammelleitungen 5 sowie der Kondensatabfuhrleitung 8 und der Gasleitung 9 sind auf einer zu jedem Sektor S gehörenden Tragkonstruktion 10 angeordnet, die in Fig. 1 angedeutet ist. Diese Tragkonstruktionen 10 dienen beim Ausführungsbeispiel nicht nur der Unterstützung der Wärmeaustauschelemente 1 und 2 und der zugehörigen Leitungen, sondern zugleich als Fundament für die Kühlturmschale, die beim Ausführungsbeispiel in der Art eines geschlossenen Polygons als Stahlkonstruktion aus Schalensegmenten 11 gebildet ist. Durch die Verwendung der Tragkonstruktionen 10 der einzelnen Sektoren S als Fundament für die aus Schalensegmenten 11 zusammengesetzte Kühlturmschale wird ein separates Fundament für die Kühlturmschale eingespart.The heat exchange elements 1 and 2 with the associated distribution line 4, the collecting lines 5 and the condensate discharge line 8 and the gas line 9 are arranged on a supporting structure 10 belonging to each sector S, which is indicated in FIG. 1. In the exemplary embodiment, these supporting structures 10 serve not only to support the heat exchange elements 1 and 2 and the associated lines, but also as a foundation for the cooling tower shell, which in the exemplary embodiment is formed as a steel structure from shell segments 11 in the manner of a closed polygon. By using the supporting structures 10 of the individual sectors S as a foundation for the cooling tower shell composed of shell segments 11, a separate foundation for the cooling tower shell is saved.

Wie die Draufsicht gemäß Fig. 2 zeigt, sind die Wärmeaustauschelemente 1 und 2 zwecks optimaler Ausnutzung der Fläche in ihrer Länge den Gegebenheiten angepaßt und von Ring zu Ring unterschiedlich. Die Ausbildung der einzelnen Rippenrohre, ihre dachförmige Anordnung, die Stützweite der Wärmeaustauschelemente 1 und die Bauart der jeweils am First und an den unteren Enden verlaufenden Kammern sind jedoch identisch.As the plan view according to FIG. 2 shows, the heat exchange elements 1 and 2 are adapted to the circumstances in terms of their length in order to make optimum use of the area and differ from ring to ring. However, the design of the individual finned tubes, their roof-shaped arrangement, the span of the heat exchange elements 1 and the design of the chambers running at the ridge and at the lower ends are identical.

Auch die dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente 2 sind setzen sich aus baugleichen, beim Ausführungsbeispiel nahezu quadratischen Elementen zusammen, die mit einem oder mehreren Ventilatoren 7 versehen sind. Sie können entsprechend dem notwendigen Flächenanteil wahlweise auf dem inneren, einem mittleren oder dem äußeren Ring jedes Sektors S angeordnet sein. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 1 und 2 ist eine Anordnung mit einem Flächenverhältnis kondensatorisch geschaltete Wärmeaustauschelemente 1 zu dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelementen 2 von ca. 5:1 dargestellt, wobei die dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente 2 auf dem innersten Ring angeordnet sind. Die die Absaugkammern für die Inertgase bildenden Firste der dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente 2 sind beim Ausführungsbeispiel parallel zu den Firsten der kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente 1 angeordnet, die als Dampfverteilkammern wirken.The dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements 2 are composed of identical elements, which in the exemplary embodiment are almost square, and which are provided with one or more fans 7. They can be arranged on the inner, a middle or the outer ring of each sector S according to the necessary area share. 1 and 2, an arrangement with an area ratio of condenser-switched heat exchange elements 1 to dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements 2 of approximately 5: 1 is shown, the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements 2 being arranged on the innermost ring. The ridges of the dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange elements 2 forming the suction chambers for the inert gases are arranged in the exemplary embodiment parallel to the ridges of the condenser switched heat exchange elements 1, which act as steam distribution chambers.

Während beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 die Wärmeaustauschelemente 1 und 2 in einer waagerechten Ebene angeordnet sind, zeigt das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 eine Anordnung der jeweils zu einem Sektor S gehörenden Wärmeaustauschelemente 1 und 2 auf einer von der Mitte nach außen ansteigenden Ebene. Hierdurch wird in bekannter Weise die Unempfindlichkeit des Naturzug-Kühlturmes gegen Seitenwind verbessert.1, the heat exchange elements 1 and 2 are arranged in a horizontal plane, the second embodiment according to FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of the heat exchange elements 1 and 2, each belonging to a sector S, on a plane rising from the center to the outside. As a result, the insensitivity of the natural draft cooling tower to cross winds is improved in a known manner.

Beim dritten Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 4 ist schließlich eine Konstruktion gezeigt, bei der die den Frist bildenden Absaugkammern der dephlegmatorisch geschalteten und auf dem innersten Ring liegenden Wärmeaustauschelemente 2 radial ausgerichtet sind. Hierdurch ergibt sich, daß die von dem kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelementen 1 kommenden Sammelleitungen unmittelbar in die Verteilkammern der dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente 2 übergehen.Finally, in the third exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, a construction is shown in which the suction chambers forming the term of the dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange elements 2 lying on the innermost ring are radially aligned. As a result, the manifolds coming from the condenser-connected heat exchange elements 1 pass directly into the distribution chambers of the dephlegmator-connected heat exchange elements 2.

Bei einem vierten Beispiel nach Fig. 5 ist eine Ausführung der kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente 1 zu sehen, bei der jeweils die außenliegenden Flanken der Dächer entsprechend den räumlichen Möglichkeiten bis zur Grenzlinie des Sektors S verlängert sind. Auf diese Weise werden die unbenutzten Teilflächen verringert.In a fourth example according to FIG. 5, an embodiment of the condenser-connected heat exchange elements 1 can be seen, in which the outer flanks of the roofs are extended in accordance with the spatial possibilities up to the boundary line of the sector S. In this way, the unused areas are reduced.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

SS
Sektorsector
11
Wärmeaustauschelement, kondensatorischHeat exchange element, condenser
22nd
Wärmeaustauschelement, dephlegmatorischHeat exchange element, dephlegmatory
33rd
DampfzufuhrleitungSteam supply line
44th
VerteilleitungDistribution line
55
SammelleitungManifold
66
VerteilkammerDistribution chamber
77
Ventilatorfan
88th
KondensatabfuhrleitungCondensate drain pipe
99
GasleitungGas pipe
1010th
TragkonstruktionSupporting structure
1111
SchalensegmentShell segment

Claims (7)

Naturzug-Kühlturm mit einer Mehrzahl von vorzugsweise dachförmigen Wärmeaustauschelementen zur Kondensation von Turbinenabdampf eines Kraftwerks, wobei die über eine gemeinsame, zentrisch angeordnete Dampfzufuhrleitung und radial hiervon abzweigende Verteilleitungen mit dem zu kondensierenden Dampf versorgten Wärmeaustauschelemente zum einen Teil kondensatorisch und zum anderen Teil dephlegmatorisch geschaltet sind, die dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente dampfseitig nach den kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelementen angeordnet sind, und die Wärmeaustauschelemente auf eine Mehrzahl identischer Sektoren verteilt sind, die jeweils komplette Leitungen für Dampfverteilung sowie Inertgas- und Kondensatableitung aufweisen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Sektoren (S) jeweils eine eigene, von den übrigen Sektoren (S) unabhängige Tragkonstruktion (10) für die Wärmeaustauschelemente (1,2) aufweisen, daß die kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente (1) mit ihrer Längsachse jeweils in der Art einer Sekante zu der zentrischen Dampfzufuhrleitung (3) auf der Tragkonstruktion (10) angeordnet sind und daß die dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente (2) mit eigenen Ventilatoren versehen sind.Natural draft cooling tower with a plurality of preferably roof-shaped heat exchange elements for the condensation of turbine exhaust steam from a power plant, the heat exchange elements supplied with the steam to be condensed being supplied via a common, centrally arranged steam supply line and radially from it, are partly condensed and partly dephlegmated, the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements are arranged on the steam side after the condenser switched heat exchange elements, and the heat exchange elements are distributed over a number of identical sectors, each of which has complete lines for steam distribution and inert gas and condensate discharge,
characterized,
that the sectors (S) each have their own, independent of the other sectors (S) support structure (10) for the heat exchange elements (1,2), that the condenser heat exchange elements (1) with their longitudinal axis each in the manner of a secant the central steam supply line (3) are arranged on the supporting structure (10) and that the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange elements (2) are provided with their own fans. Naturzug-Kühlturm nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tragkonstruktion (10) sämtlicher Sektoren (S) gleichzeitig als Unterstützung für die als Stahlkonstruktion aus Schalensegmenten (11) gebildete Kühlturmschale ausgebildet ist.Natural draft cooling tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting structure (10) of all sectors (S) is simultaneously designed as a support for the cooling tower shell formed as a steel structure from shell segments (11). Naturzug-Kühlturm nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlturmschale aus Schalensegmenten (11) als geschlossenes Polygon ausgeführt ist.Natural draft cooling tower according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cooling tower shell is made of shell segments (11) as a closed polygon. Naturzug-Kühlturm nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auch die dephlegmatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelemente (2) mit ihrer Längsachse jeweils in der Art einer Sekante und parallel zu den kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelementen (1) angeordnet sind.Natural draft cooling tower according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the dephlegmatorically connected heat exchange elements (2) are also arranged with their longitudinal axes in the manner of a secant and parallel to the condenser heat exchanger elements (1). Naturzug-Kühlturm nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß je Sektor (S) das dephlegmatorisch geschaltete Wärmeaustauschelement (2) mit seiner den First bildenden Absaugkammer radial ausgerichtet und der Dampfzufuhrleitung (3) unmittelbar benachbart auf der Tragkonstruktion (10) angeordnet ist.Natural draft cooling tower according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for each sector (S) the dephlegmatorically switched heat exchange element (2) with its suction chamber forming the ridge is radially aligned and the steam supply line (3) is arranged directly adjacent to the supporting structure (10). Naturzug-Kühlturm nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei den kondensatorisch geschalteten Wärmeaustauschelementen (1) die außenliegenden Hälften der dachförmigen Elemente in Elementenlängsrichtung länger ausgebildet sind.Natural draft cooling tower according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, in the case of the condenser-connected heat exchange elements (1), the outer halves of the roof-shaped elements are made longer in the longitudinal direction of the elements. Naturzug-Kühlturm nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmeaustauschelemente (1,2) jedes Sektors (S) auf einer von der Mitte nach außen ansteigenden Ebene angeordnet sind.Natural draft cooling tower according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heat exchange elements (1, 2) of each sector (S) are arranged on a plane rising from the center to the outside.
EP92120517A 1992-01-25 1992-12-02 Natural draft cooling tower Expired - Lifetime EP0553435B1 (en)

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DE4202069A DE4202069A1 (en) 1992-01-25 1992-01-25 NATURAL TRAIN COOLING TOWER

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CN105403065A (en) * 2015-12-11 2016-03-16 双良节能系统股份有限公司 Direct air-cooling system adopting natural ventilation

Also Published As

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DE59201298D1 (en) 1995-03-09
MX9300163A (en) 1993-07-01
EP0553435A3 (en) 1993-12-15
AU646985B2 (en) 1994-03-10
CN1074752A (en) 1993-07-28
US5301746A (en) 1994-04-12
DE4202069A1 (en) 1993-07-29
AU3193093A (en) 1993-08-19
ES2070574T3 (en) 1995-06-01
EP0553435B1 (en) 1995-01-25
ZA93535B (en) 1993-08-25

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