DE2511944A1 - HEAT EXCHANGER SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

B4TEN14NW ^ UE ^KaA BROSE ^DKa BROSE

D-8023 Munich-Puilach, Viennese Sir. 2; Tel. (P89) 7 93 30 71; Te'ex 5P12147 bros d Cables: "Patentibus" Munich

Graduate engineer

: ^l8 · ¹ ^ Z 1975

Your sign. Dou / 3590 day:

Your ref .: Date:

COAL INDUSTRY (PATEIiTS) LIMITED, Hobart House, Grosvenor

Place, London SVJlX 7AE, England

Heat exchanger system

The present invention relates to heat exchange systems and in particular the shape of the pipe system arranged within such systems.

It is known to provide heat exchanger systems of circular or annular shape and in the latter Case to arrange a pipeline radially within the circular heat exchange space. At a circular heat exchanger, in particular one in which the pipeline in an inside said The fluidized bed located in the room is to be immersed, however, are two requirements To provide pipeline arrangement as desirable. The first is that the fluidized bed is as good as possible should have small depth, which inevitably requires that to achieve a satisfactory

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Fluidized bed is the distance between the pipes of the pipeline is sufficient and even. The second "is that the length of the pipeline should be uniform. In the The past is a circular shape in heat exchangers a straight pipeline was used, which - as mentioned above - was arranged radially. The radial arrangement, however, if provided to meet the first requirement mentioned above, a pipeline results in unequal Length. If, in turn, the radial arrangement is provided in such a way that it satisfies the second requirement, then the first requirement can are not met with regard to the said distance.

Accordingly, the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger system with a pipeline arrangement which essentially meets the two requirements mentioned above.

For this purpose, according to the invention, the heat exchanger system a container and a group of heat exchanger tubes arranged within the container, each of the same involutorial tubes Shape on.

The evolution of the involute is preferably a circle. The container can be circular, with the outer and Inner walls have a circular cross-section and the tubes extend between the outer and inner walls.

According to one embodiment according to the invention, the heat from each bent in the same involutive shape are Exchanger tubes at their inner ends on the inner wall of the circular ring Container and attached at their outer ends to the outer wall of the container, so that a to be heated or liquid or gaseous fluid to be cooled through the tubes either from within the inner wall of the annular container to the space surrounding the outer wall or in reverse direction can be directed.

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According to a preferred feature of this embodiment of the invention the tubes are arranged in a number of layers, each in a plane at right angles to the axis of the circular container. Each layer contains a number of pipes, each of which is equidistant in its total length from the adjacent pipes in the layer. The outer ends of the tubes can be bent so that they extend radially through the outer wall of the container, in this pail the pipe spacing is increased as the bends are made, or the outside walls for ease the fastening of the ends of the tubes to the same are shaped accordingly.

The number of pipes in each layer is determined by the distance between the pipes and the diameter of the circle from which the evolution of the involute is preserved. This diameter can be that of the inner wall of the annular container be equal.

Any number of layers of tubes can be provided in the container, one with regard to the heat exchanger technology well-known means for feeding the tubes with the fluid can be used. Thus can Layers of pipes of any number in parallel and groups of layers connected in series to form one Heat exchangers with any number of through resp. To receive operations.

Small changes in the length of a pipe compared to the diameter the inner and outer walls of the circular container can be made by a slight bend in the pipe in the plane of the layer with consequent slight deviation from the original involu tori see form without imposing any great tension in the building materials.

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All pipes can go in the same direction (e.g. against the Clockwise) in the form of an involute or adjacent layers or groups of layers can rotate in opposite directions be. If adjacent layers are provided in opposite directions, the distance between the layers can be from Pipes along the length of the container be such, that the deflection or bending of a pipe in a layer in this direction by the contact or the plant with the pipes in an adjacent layer is prevented. There can either be spacers on the pipes in the neighborhood of the intersections provided or the tubes are designed so that their radial thickness is greater at the possible points of contact than anywhere else is around the Reduce the risk of damage as a result of the pipes coming into contact with one another to a minimum.

In the case of tubes in adjacent layers with involutorial Shape in the same direction, adjacent layers can be arranged so that the tubes in the longitudinal direction in a Line or are staggered or arranged in a zigzag shape. In the case of closely spaced, a staggered arrangement of the inner ends of the tubes is preferred for adjacent layers running in opposite directions.

According to a second embodiment according to the invention the heat exchanger tubes are placed in an annular container, the tubes being more involutive in each layer Shape so that each pipe in a layer is equidistant from the adjacent pipes, however the ends of each tube with the ends of the tubes lying in a line in layers above and below by back bends connected by 180 °. One end of each pipe in the first layer is connected to a head portion of the conduit, through which the fluid to be heated or cooled is supplied, while one end of the Pipe connected to an end chamber in the last layer

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that collects the fluid. The headboard and the End chambers can either lie within the inner wall of the annular container and form part of the same or surround the outer wall of the container.

The tubes in each layer may be offset from those in adjacent layers so that, for example, the tubes in each fifth layer are in a line and connected to each other, in this case the last four layers are connected to the head part or the end chamber. In this way, an arrangement can be closely spaced from one another Tubes can be achieved without the use of back bends of an unduly small half diameter.

The pipes in any arrangement can be made of suitable material for support and ease by connecting pieces the assembly of the heat exchanger connected to each other will.

In the state of use, the container can be arranged with a vertical axis and a fluidized bed composed of a single particle present material in which the tubes are immersed. Air or a combustion assisting gas can be passed from a distributor below the pipes into the fluidized bed in order to be able to with the introduced into the fluidized bed Fuel to come into reaction and form a fluidized bed of the filamentous material. The gaseous products of combustion can escape from a space above the fluidized bed and some of that from the combustion carry away the generated heat, but most of the heat generated is transferred to the fluid passing through the tubes. This fluid can either be liquid or gaseous, which method may include the evaporation of a liquid within the tubes.

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For uses in which the combustion takes place at a pressure above atmospheric, the can Fluidized bed containing container and its associated equipment can be enclosed in a pressure vessel, wherein the cylindrical shape of the fluidized bed as an approximation the size of the container required for the fluidized bed is advantageous leading to a minimum.

An alternative use of the subject matter of the invention is the transfer of heat from a fluid stream on another, one through the tubular members and the other over the tubes in the circular space between the inner and outer walls of the splitter flows. The method can be the evaporation of a Liquid or the condensation of a vapor in the respective fluid stream.

Seven embodiments of the heat exchanger system according to the invention are described below by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings; show in it:

1 shows a simplified plan view of a first embodiment of the heat exchanger system;

2 shows a simplified plan view of a second embodiment of the heat exchanger system;

3 is a plan view of a third embodiment of FIG Heat exchanger system;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a fourth embodiment the heat exchanger system;

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Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a fifth embodiment the heat exchanger system;

Pig. 6 is a plan view of a sixth embodiment of the heat exchanger system;

Pig. 7 is a sectional view of the sixth embodiment the one in Pig. 6 heat exchanger system shown; and

Pig. 8 is a vertical sectional view of a seventh embodiment the heat exchanger system.

Referring to Pig. 7, shows the first embodiment the "ärmeaustauscheranlage a container of a circular cross-section, which is through an inner wall 14 and a Outer wall 12 is limited, which, as shown at a, offset or stepped or, as at b_, simply be circular can. A layer of tubes 10 is shown, each tube having an involutive shape. A variety of layers (not shown) is provided with the tubes in each layer equidistant from one another. the The direction of the involutes of the tubes 10 is the same in each layer, where in Fig. 1 the direction of the involutes is counterclockwise. The tubes 10 in adjacent layers are aligned in the longitudinal direction of the container.

The tubes 10 in each layer are attached at their inner ends to the inner wall 14, which has a simple circular shape. The tubes 10 are fastened to the outer wall 12 at their other ends. In the alternative form of the wall 12 shown at a, the local step formation enables the pipes ^{to be attached by the kV} and 12 without bending the pipes 10. The wall 12 with the simple circular shape, as at b, requires that the outer ends of the tubes 10 must be locally bent so that they can extend approximately radially through the wall 12.

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Referring to Pig. 2 shows a heat exchanger system which has a container with an annular cross section with an outer wall 24 and an inner wall 26. The outer wall 24 may be shaped as shown at a or b or £ to provide alternative arrangements for securing the tubes thereto. A plurality of layers of tubes are disposed within the container, with two adjacent layers 20, 22 being shown. The tubes in layer 20 are involutorial in shape but face in the opposite direction from the tubes in adjacent layer 22; the involute of the tubes of layer 20 is "clockwise" while the involute of the tubes in layer 22 is counterclockwise. The outer wall 24 shown at a has corrugations or waves which have sides approximately at right angles to the axes of the tubes, At b the outer wall is simply cylindrical, in this alternative form of the outer wall 24 the outer ends of the tubes are locally bent so that the tubes reach the wall approximately radially. The outer wall 24 shown at c is corrugated wherein the tubes are bent at their outer ends to break through in the ^w and therethrough.

In Fig. 3 is a third Ausführungsforra a heat exchanger system shown cleaning a container of a circular Has cross section with an outer wall 32 and an inner wall 36, between which a chamber 34 is formed is. The involutive tubes 30 are serpentine tubes, wherein each run of the tube is involutorially shaped so that the tubes make more than one traverse of the chamber 34. The numerals 1.1, 2.2, etc. indicate inlet and outlet ends of certain tubes.

Referring now to FIG. 2, therein is a heat exchange system shown in the form of a fluidized bed combustor in

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which tubes 40 of an involutive shape in a two-pass arrangement are provided, the outer ends of the tubes having a common circular chamber 41 and the inner ends with one the inner wall of the annular Container forming cylinder 42 are in communication. The cylinder 42 is split around two headers 43, 44 through which the fluid enters and exits the pipes 40 in the working state of the system this exits. The reference numeral 45 indicates a grass distributor plate of the incinerator, as between the outer and Arranged inner wall of the container, in the direction of the lower ends of the same, as can be seen from the drawing. A fluidized bed supported by plate 45 is shown at 46.

Fig. 5 shows a sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the heat exchanger system. According to this figure is the Plant a fluidized bed combustor in which pipes 50 of an involutive shape are installed in a two-pass arrangement are, the inner end of the tubes 50 with a formed by the inner wall of the annular container and on both ends closed tubular chamber 51 in communication stand. The outer ends of the tubes 50 stand with one of the outer wall of the container circumferentially adjacent, circular chamber in connection. The circular chamber is divided into two parts 52, 53, which are head line pieces form, wherein in the working state a fluid enters through the one and through the tubes 50 and the Chamber 5 flows and from there flows through the tubes 50 and exits through the other.

Fig. 6 shows a simplified sectional top view of a heat exchanger system with involutorically shaped tubes 60 arranged therein. In this sixth embodiment of FIG Heat exchanger system are tubes 60 in layers within one bounded by the outer and inner walls 62 and 64, respectively

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arranged in a circular ring-shaped container. The tubes 60 in different layers are connected to each other inside the container by bends, the upper and lower Pipes are connected to headers within the inner wall 64 of the container. Only two tubes 60 are in Fig. 6 shown.

FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of the sixth embodiment of the heat exchanger system shown in FIG. 6. the Sectional view is at a diameter within the inner wall of the annular holder and then at one imaginary surface in which the central axes of an array of interconnected tubes lie. The reference numerals 70, 72 show the two, with reference to FIG. 6 mentioned header pieces.

In Fig. 8 is a seventh embodiment of the heat exchanger system shown, which is a fluidized bed combustor. Tubes 80 of an involute shape are in an entrance configuration installed inside the annular container. In this embodiment of the invention, the tubes are arranged in layers with their central axes on cones or other surfaces of revolution around the axis X-X of the container lie. Such an arrangement can advantageously be used in a fluidized bed boiler with natural water circulation will. A grass spreading plate 82 is disposed between the inner and outer walls of the container, one Fluidized bed is shown at 84.

For example, an air heater with fluidized bed combustion be designed for a gas turbine of 70 megawatts with the features shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 2b. the Heat exchanger tubes have an outside diameter of 2.54 cm (1 inch) while the vertical spacing of the tube layers 5.175 cm (1 V4 in). The horizontal spacing of the pipes in each layer is 3 inches. That

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annular bed has an inside diameter of 1.2192 m (4 feet) and an outside diameter of 4.2672 m (14 feet), the Depth of the fluidized bed is 3.6576 m (12 feet) while the successive layers of the heat exchanger tubes the occupy the upper 3.2004 m (10 V 2 feet) of the bed. In the The bed or the layer of fuel introduced by means not shown is in through the air distributor on the lower part the layer (the fluidized bed) supplied air is burned.

Through this air and the gaseous products of the combustion, the particulate matter of the bed becomes in transformed into a fluidized bed. A larger part of the heat generated is due to the air flowing through the pipes transfer. The cylinder that forms the inner wall of the circular bed is halfway through a partition to the pipe system divided. Air enters the cylinder from below the septum and flows through the tubes in the lower part of the Pipe system out. The air then flows into the circular ring-shaped bed surrounding the outer wall of the circular fluidized bed Space inwards through the pipes in the upper part of the pipe system and into the space within the upper part of the Cylinder above the septum, from which it is led through a line to the turbine. The one described above Fluidized bed air heater is enclosed in a cylindrical pressure vessel.

The advantages of using tubes of an involutive Form in the embodiments described above are that the heat exchanger system is as compact or as possible is made space-saving and the expansion effects can easily be absorbed by changes in the pipe curvature.

Claims

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Claims (25)

- 12 claims Heat exchanger system with a tank and an im Container arranged group of heat exchanger tubes, characterized in that the heat exchanger tubes (10, 20, 22, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80) each have the same involutive shape. 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the Evolute the involute is a circle. 3. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the container is circular and has an outer wall (12, 24, 32, 62) and an inner wall (14, 26, 36, 64), between which the tubes (10, 20, 22, 30, 40, 60, 80), the outer or inner wall having a circular cross-section. 4. Plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the tubes (10, 20, 22, 30, 40, 50, 80) at their inner ends on the inner wall (14, 26, 36) and at their outer ends are attached to the outer wall (12, 24, 32). 5. Plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the outer ends of the tubes (10b, 20b, 22b, 30) in the vicinity the outer wall (12, 24, 32) are curved to extend through the outer wall approximately radially thereto. 6. Plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the outer wall (12a, 24a, 24c) for Aufna.hme the outer ends of the tubes (10a, 20a, 22a, 20c, 22c). 7. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes (10, 22, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80) are arranged in layers within the container. 509839/0763 8. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that each layer of tubes (10, 22, 30, 40, 50, 60) in one plane is at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the container. 9. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that each layer of tubes (80) on the surface of a cone or on some other involutive surface around the Longitudinal axis of the container lies. 10. Plant according to one of claims 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that that the tubes (10, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80) in adjacent layers have a co-directional involutorishe Have shape. 11. Plant according to claim 10, characterized in that the tubes (10, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80) in each layer in the Longitudinal direction of the container coincide with the pipes in an adjacent layer. 12. Plant according to claim 10, characterized in that the tubes (10, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80) in each layer opposite the pipes are separated in an adjacent layer. 13. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the Tubes (20, 22) of involutive shape in adjacent layers of pipes or groups of layers are in opposite directions. 14. Plant according to claim 13, characterized in that the tubes (20, 22) involutive shape in adjacent layers are provided with spacers in the vicinity of the intersection points. 15. Plant according to claim 13, characterized in that the tubes (20, 22) involutive shape in adjacent Layers have an increased radial thickness in the vicinity of the intersection points. 509839/0763 16. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that each tube (30) of involutive shape is a serpentine tube. 17. Plant according to one of claims 7-12, characterized in that that the tubes (60) in one layer are connected to the tubes in an adjacent layer. 18. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the tubes (60) have an involutive shape in each layer are arranged within the container in such a way that each tube (60) is equidistant from adjacent ones Pipes is in the same layer and that the pipes coincide with the ends of those in adjacent layers Pipes are connected by back bends of 180 °. 19. Plant according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that one end of each tube (60) in the first layer with a head piece or a distribution chamber is connected through which a to be heated in the state of use of the system or fluid to be cooled and that one end of each tube in the last layer is connected to a header or plenum, in which the fluid is collected. 20. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container with a gas-permeable Support plate (45, 54, 82) for supporting a fluidized bed is provided from a particulate material, so that when the system is in use, at least some of the tubes (40, 50, 80) are immersed within the fluidized bed are. 21. Plant according to claim 20, characterized in that the container is arranged above the fluidized bed Has fuel inlet. 509839/0763 22. Plant according to claim 20 with reference to one of claims 4-19 or claim 21, characterized in that that the support plate (45, 54, 82) is provided between the inner and outer walls. 23. Plant according to claim 22, characterized in that the inner wall (42) is tubular and divided internally to an inlet karamer (44) and an outlet chamber (43) for the flow-wise connection of the fluid with the To achieve inner ends of the tubes (40) and that an annular Chamber (41) is provided which surrounds the outer wall and for the fluid in flow-wise Connection with the outer ends of the tubes (40) is. 24. Plant according to claim 22, characterized in that an annular chamber is provided which the outer wall surrounds and into an inlet chamber (52) and an outlet chamber (53) for the flow connection of the fluid with the outer ends of the tubes (50), the inner wall being tubular and closed at each end is to form a cavity (51) therein, and that the cavity (51) with the inner ends of the tubes (50) is in connection. 25. Plant according to claim 22, characterized in that the circular space of the container between the inner and outer walls of the same on its of the support plate (82) distal end is closed, the inner wall is tubular and a closure next to the support plate comprises that a storage space is formed in the container below the support plate (82) that an annular Chamber is provided around the outer wall of the container, which communicates with the outer ends of the tubes (80) stands and extends over one end of the container to form a jacket, and that the inner ends of the Pipes (80) are connected to the interior of the inner wall. 509839/0763