EP0552750B1 - Process for the disposal of ammonia and device for carrying out said process - Google Patents
Process for the disposal of ammonia and device for carrying out said process Download PDFInfo
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- EP0552750B1 EP0552750B1 EP93100831A EP93100831A EP0552750B1 EP 0552750 B1 EP0552750 B1 EP 0552750B1 EP 93100831 A EP93100831 A EP 93100831A EP 93100831 A EP93100831 A EP 93100831A EP 0552750 B1 EP0552750 B1 EP 0552750B1
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- ammonia
- combustion
- fuel gas
- pipe
- burner
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
- F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for disposing of ammonia by burning with the aid of a torch burner, in which a heating gas, such as propane or methane, is used to ignite the gas to be disposed of. It also relates to a device for performing the method. Combustion gases from the public network, bottles etc. can be used as heating gas, which can be easily ignited (cold) in air.
- a heating gas such as propane or methane
- ammonia as waste, e.g. from refrigeration systems, in the textile industry or in chemical processes, measures must be taken to ensure environmentally friendly disposal.
- the ammonia can be cleaned, for example, for reuse, chemically converted into a harmless product or burned. Since ammonia is a relatively inexpensive product, combustion is usually preferred. So far, combustion has been carried out with the constant addition of additional fuels, i.e. heating gases such as methane or propane. The effort involved is increased in practice because the current incineration plants are only available at a few central points in the country due to the high investment costs.
- the waste ammonia must be brought to these incinerators by hazard transport, usually by truck.
- DE-OS 37 21 104 describes a nitriding system with exhaust gas treatment, in which the one for hardening, for example of gear parts, in excess added ammonia together with the exhaust gas to be treated - especially hydrogen - is produced.
- the ammonia-containing exhaust gas is processed in a process of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the ammonia is burned either solely with the aid of the hydrogen liberated during the nitriding or by adding additional heating gases using only the atmospheric oxygen on the torch burner; Environmentally harmful gases should not be generated (cf. the published specification, column 3, lines 8 to 14).
- ammonia can be ignited in air, but it does not continue to burn.
- the combustion of (pure) ammonia / air mixtures can only be achieved in the presence of catalysts (cf. Hollman-Wiberg, Textbook of Organic Chemistry, 91st - 100th edition, 1985, page 549).
- catalysts cf. Hollman-Wiberg, Textbook of Organic Chemistry, 91st - 100th edition, 1985, page 549.
- the use of catalysts is particularly difficult when burning ammonia from changing sources because of the possible catalyst poisoning.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and a device for the disposal of ammonia, which allow the ammonia practically on the spot, so without expensive transportation, by combustion in the air, without a combustion gas to maintain the combustion to dispose.
- the solution according to the invention consists in the method for the disposal of ammonia with the aid of a torch burner, in which a heating gas is used to ignite the ammonia to be disposed of, preferably from the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
- a heating gas is used to ignite the ammonia to be disposed of, preferably from the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
- the preparation with ammonia should be carried out with fresh air mixed heating gas can be ignited to form a flame zone in a flame tube arranged spatially below the torch burner with flame passage to the latter.
- to ignite the ammonia it is to be conducted into the combustion tube by drawing in fresh air in a quantity combustible in the flame zone maintained by the burning heating gas.
- the flame zone in the combustion tube is to be shifted upward by the inflowing ammonia gas.
- the ammonia supply should initially be limited so that the flame zone in the combustion tube below the The actual combustion chamber of the torch burner remains until the combustion chamber is heated to the flame temperature of an essentially pure ammonia / air mixture. Only then, in order to initiate continuous operation of the disposal, the flame zone is pushed upwards into the torch burner by gradually increasing the ammonia supply from the combustion tube, and at the same time the heating gas supply is gradually reduced and finally switched off completely. The ammonia then continues to burn alone without any energy supply and practically without the need for control until the connected storage facility to be disposed of is empty.
- the invention it is possible to dispose of an ammonia / air mixture in a controlled manner in a relatively simple system to be set up on site without the use of special catalysts and in the case of continuous operation without the addition of fuels, without any risk to people or the environment.
- the invention obviously uses the following relationship to burn the ammonia: First, the ammonia is ignited in the combustion tube in the flame zone of the heating gas. In this initial phase, the ammonia combustion is maintained by the heating gas still supplied.
- the torch burner arranged above the tube with flame passage is heated to such a high temperature that the actual combustion chamber of the torch burner - possibly in the manner of a glow head - permanent self-ignition of the ammonia / air mixture causes without additional heating gas to maintain the flame.
- the heat of combustion of the ammonia is used to maintain the ignition temperature and thus further combustion.
- the solution according to the invention is preferably characterized by a fuel pipe which is open at the bottom and opens at the top into the combustion chamber of a torch burner and has a connecting pipe of an ammonia reservoir connected to the lower end via a valve, with one on the lower end of the fuel pipe heating gas connection to be switched and with a fresh air supply.
- the combustion tube which at the upper end into the combustion chamber of the torch burner, which preferably has a larger diameter than the combustion tube opens, the ammonia should be ignited in the flame zone of a previously ignited heating gas.
- the heating gas should only be admixed with the ammonia until the combustion chamber of the torch burner is heated to a temperature which, after the flame zone has been moved from the combustion tube into the torch burner - even after the heating gas supply has been switched off - leads to a permanent self-ignition of the ammonia.
- the flame zone is to be kept in the combustion tube by regulating the ammonia / air supply. Only when the heating-up phase has been completed should the ammonia / air supply be increased to such an extent that the flame zone in the burner of the torch burner rises and the heating gas supply can be switched off due to the self-ignition of the ammonia on the hot parts of the torch burner. Improvements and further refinements of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
- the heating gas supply line 2 can be switched to a burner 5 (FIG. 2) which is to be arranged in the combustion tube 4.
- the fuel tube 4 can be open at the lower end and can be supported on a receiving ring 6.
- air control flaps (not shown) can be provided, with which the fresh air supply required for the combustion, in the usual way self-controlled, is maintained.
- Both the ammonia connection pipe 1 and the heating gas supply line 2 should contain control and shut-off valves 7 and 8.
- the (generally open) upper end 9 of the combustion tube 4 is followed by a torch burner, designated overall by 10.
- This essentially consists of a combustion chamber 11 placed directly on the upper end 9 of the combustion tube 4 and a storm chamber 12.
- the storm chamber 12 has a receptacle 13 in its lower region for attachment to the combustion chamber 11.
- the combustion chamber 11 should preferably have an essentially frustoconical jacket 14, which on its lower, large diameter 15 is to be equipped with a receiving ring 16 for placement on the combustion tube 4 and which should have an open flame outlet on the upper, small diameter 17.
- the underside of the combustion chamber 11, which is defined by the large, large diameter 15, can have openings, for example around the receiving ring 16.
- the lower end 18 of the storm chamber 12 can also have openings for fresh air intake.
- the storm chamber 12 should also be essentially cylindrical and be completely open at the upper end 19.
- a stand designated as a whole with 20 is stabilized with three inclined supports 21 and three floor struts 22 which are to be connected to the foot 23 of the installation.
- the entire system, including the storm chamber, can be approximately 3 m high, for example, and can be disassembled into individual parts in a larger trunk of a passenger vehicle.
- the supports 21 are, as shown in FIG. 1, screwed to the longitudinal ends of the floor struts 22 on the one hand and with brackets 24 attached to the fuel pipe 4, for example.
- the combustion tube 4 can have 3 fresh air inlets 25, which can be closed with a sleeve 26, except at the lower end.
- the ammonia connection pipe 1 is connected via the valve 7 to the outlet of an ammonia store to be disposed of (not shown).
- a heating gas e.g. Propane or methane
- the burner 5 which can have three nozzles shown in FIG. 2, and ignited there, so that a flame zone forms within the combustion tube 4. This can initially be at the very bottom of the combustion tube 4, possibly below the fresh air inlets 25 (which are then to be closed).
- the ammonia valve 7 is slowly opened - preferably until the flow of the ammonia can be heard.
- the flame zone in the combustion tube 4 is shifted upwards.
- the amount of ammonia should be limited so that the flame zone in the combustion tube 4 remains under the combustion chamber 11.
- the fresh air inlets 25 should also now only be opened if the flame zone is clearly above it.
- ammonia combustion begins.
- the combustion chamber 11 located above it is also heated.
- the size and shape of the combustion chamber 11 and the diameter and length of the combustion tube 4 are preferably mutually coordinated in such a way that the speed of the air-heating gas-ammonia mixture is reduced in such a way that the mixture burns quietly and completely in the combustion tube during the heating phase.
- the fresh air supply can be controlled solely by means of an automatic (not shown) blind control at the lower end 3 of the combustion tube 4 or at the receiving ring 6.
- the heating gas supply (using the heating gas valve 8) is slowly throttled and the ammonia supply is increased using the valve 7 at the same time.
- the flame zone is forced out of the combustion tube 4 - finally up into the combustion chamber 11.
- the heating gas supply is completely interrupted - generally gradually - by closing the valve 8.
- the fuel tube 11 then serves - according to the previous knowledge - only the supply of fresh air and ammonia gas.
- the air supply can also be adjusted by adjusting the sleeve 26 relative to the openings of the fresh air inlet 25.
- Possible flow noises of the incoming ammonia can be suppressed with the aid of a silencer 28 which is to be arranged within the combustion tube 4 - in the lower part thereof, possibly reaching as far as the fresh air openings 26.
- the storm chamber 12 can, under certain circumstances, be additionally ventilated via a pipe socket 29 and a fan.
- the invention provides a mobile disposal system for the low-pollutant destruction of ammonia which, apart from a heating-up time with heating gas, is suitable for completely burning ammonia without additional energy supply.
- a heating gas is used to ignite the gas to be disposed of
- the heating gas supply can be switched off completely.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entsorgen von Ammoniak durch Verbrennen mit Hilfe eines Fackelbrenners, bei dem zum Entzünden des zu entsorgenden Gases ein Heizgas, wie Propan oder Methan, verwendet wird. Sie betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens. Als Heizgas kommen übliche Verbrennungsgase, aus dem öffentlichen Netz, aus Flaschen usw. infrage, die an Luft ohne weiteres (kalt) zu entzünden sind.The invention relates to a method for disposing of ammonia by burning with the aid of a torch burner, in which a heating gas, such as propane or methane, is used to ignite the gas to be disposed of. It also relates to a device for performing the method. Combustion gases from the public network, bottles etc. can be used as heating gas, which can be easily ignited (cold) in air.
Wenn Ammoniak (NH₃) als Abfall, z.B. aus Kälteanlagen, in der Textilindustrie oder bei chemischen Prozessen anfällt, müssen Maßnahmen zu einer für die Umwelt unschädlichen Entsorgung getroffen werden. In der Praxis kann der Ammoniak beispielsweise für die Wiederverwendung gereinigt, in ein unschädliches Produkt chemisch umgesetzt oder verbrannt werden. Da Ammoniak ein relativ preiswertes Produkt ist, wird meist die Verbrennung vorgezogen. Das Verbrennen erfolgt bisher unter ständiger Zufügung von Zusatzbrennstoffen, also Heizgasen, wie Methan oder Propan. Der dadurch bedingte Aufwand wird in der Praxis noch erhöht, weil die derzeitigen Verbrennungsanlagen wegen der hohen Investitionskosten nur an wenigen zentralen Punkten des Landes vorhanden sind. Zu diesen Verbrennungsanlagen muß der Abfall-Ammoniak durch Gefahrentransport, normalerweise durch Lastkraftwagen, gebracht werden.If ammonia (NH₃) as waste, e.g. from refrigeration systems, in the textile industry or in chemical processes, measures must be taken to ensure environmentally friendly disposal. In practice, the ammonia can be cleaned, for example, for reuse, chemically converted into a harmless product or burned. Since ammonia is a relatively inexpensive product, combustion is usually preferred. So far, combustion has been carried out with the constant addition of additional fuels, i.e. heating gases such as methane or propane. The effort involved is increased in practice because the current incineration plants are only available at a few central points in the country due to the high investment costs. The waste ammonia must be brought to these incinerators by hazard transport, usually by truck.
In der DE-OS 37 21 104 wird eine Nitrierhärteanlage mit Abgasaufbereitung beschrieben, bei der der zum Härten, z.B. von Getriebeteilen, im Überschuß zugefügte Ammoniak zusammen mit dem aufzubereitenden Abgas- vor allem Wasserstoff -anfällt. Im Bekannten wird das ammoniakhaltige Abgas in einem Verfahren eingangs genannter Art aufbereitet, indem der Ammoniak entweder allein mit Hilfe des beim Nitrierhärten freiwerdenden Wasserstoffs oder durch Zufügen zusätzlicher Heizgase allein mit dem Luftsauerstoff am Fackelbrenner verbrannt wird; umweltschädliche Gase sollen dabei nicht entstehen (vgl. die Offenlegungsschrift, Spalte 3, Zeilen 8 bis 14).DE-OS 37 21 104 describes a nitriding system with exhaust gas treatment, in which the one for hardening, for example of gear parts, in excess added ammonia together with the exhaust gas to be treated - especially hydrogen - is produced. In the known, the ammonia-containing exhaust gas is processed in a process of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the ammonia is burned either solely with the aid of the hydrogen liberated during the nitriding or by adding additional heating gases using only the atmospheric oxygen on the torch burner; Environmentally harmful gases should not be generated (cf. the published specification, column 3, lines 8 to 14).
Nach dem Stand der Wissenschaft der anorganischen Chemie läßt sich Ammoniak an der Luft zwar entzünden, er brennt aber nicht weiter. Nur in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren kann die Verbrennung von (reinen) Ammoniak/Luft-Gemischen erreicht werden (vgl. Hollman-Wiberg, Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie, 91. - 100. Auflage, 1985, Seite 549). In der Praxis macht die Verwendung von Katalysatoren besonders bei der Verbrennung von Ammoniak aus wechselnden Quellen wegen der möglichen der Katalysatorvergiftung Schwierigkeiten.According to the state of the art of inorganic chemistry, ammonia can be ignited in air, but it does not continue to burn. The combustion of (pure) ammonia / air mixtures can only be achieved in the presence of catalysts (cf. Hollman-Wiberg, Textbook of Organic Chemistry, 91st - 100th edition, 1985, page 549). In practice, the use of catalysts is particularly difficult when burning ammonia from changing sources because of the possible catalyst poisoning.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Entsorgen von Ammoniak zu schaffen, die es gestatten, den Ammoniak praktisch an Ort und Stelle, also ohne aufwendigen Transport, durch Verbrennung an der Luft, ohne ein die Verbrennung unterhaltendes Heizgas, zu entsorgen.The invention has for its object to provide a method and a device for the disposal of ammonia, which allow the ammonia practically on the spot, so without expensive transportation, by combustion in the air, without a combustion gas to maintain the combustion to dispose.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung besteht bei dem Verfahren zum Entsorgen von Ammoniak mit Hilfe eines Fackelbrenners, bei dem zum Entzünden des zu entsorgenden Ammoniaks ein Heizgas verwendet wird, bevorzugt aus den Merkmalen des Kennzeichens des Anspruchs 1. Danach soll zur Vorbereitung der Ammoniak-Entzündung das mit Frischluft gemischte Heizgas unter Bildung einer Flammzone in einem räumlich unterhalb des Fackelbrenners mit Flammendurchgang zu diesem angeordneten Brennrohr entzündet werden. Anschließend soll zum Entzünden des Ammoniaks dieser unter Ansaugung von Frischluft in einer in der vom brennenden Heizgas unterhaltenen Flammzone verbrennbaren Menge in das Brennrohr geleitet werden. Durch das zuströmende Ammoniakgas soll die Flammzone im Brennrohr nach oben verschoben werden. Die Ammoniakzufuhr soll jedoch zunächst so begrenzt werden, daß die Flammzone im Brennrohr unterhalb der eigentlichen Brennkammer des Fackelbrenners bleibt, bis die Brennkammer auf die Flammtemperatur eines im wesentlichen reinen Ammoniak/Luft-Gemisches aufgeheizt ist. Erst dann wird zum Einleiten des Dauerbetriebs der Entsorgung die Flammzone durch allmähliches Erhöhen der Ammoniakzufuhr aus dem Brennrohr nach oben in den Fackelbrenner gedrängt und zugleich die Heizgaszufuhr allmählich gedrosselt und schließlich ganz abgeschaltet werden. Der Ammoniak brennt dann ohne jede Energiezufuhr allein und praktisch ohne Steuerungsbedarf weiter, bis das angeschlossene, zu entsorgende Lager leer ist.The solution according to the invention consists in the method for the disposal of ammonia with the aid of a torch burner, in which a heating gas is used to ignite the ammonia to be disposed of, preferably from the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Thereafter, the preparation with ammonia should be carried out with fresh air mixed heating gas can be ignited to form a flame zone in a flame tube arranged spatially below the torch burner with flame passage to the latter. Subsequently, to ignite the ammonia, it is to be conducted into the combustion tube by drawing in fresh air in a quantity combustible in the flame zone maintained by the burning heating gas. The flame zone in the combustion tube is to be shifted upward by the inflowing ammonia gas. The ammonia supply should initially be limited so that the flame zone in the combustion tube below the The actual combustion chamber of the torch burner remains until the combustion chamber is heated to the flame temperature of an essentially pure ammonia / air mixture. Only then, in order to initiate continuous operation of the disposal, the flame zone is pushed upwards into the torch burner by gradually increasing the ammonia supply from the combustion tube, and at the same time the heating gas supply is gradually reduced and finally switched off completely. The ammonia then continues to burn alone without any energy supply and practically without the need for control until the connected storage facility to be disposed of is empty.
Erfindungsgemäß gelingt es, ein Ammoniak/Luft-Gemisch ohne Verwendung besonderer Katalysatoren und bei Dauerbetrieb ohne Zusatz von Brennstoffen in beliebigen Mengen kontrolliert in einer relativ einfachen vor Ort aufzustellenden Anlage ohne Gefahr für Mensch und Umwelt zu entsorgen. Zum Verbrennen des Ammoniaks bedient sich die Erfindung offensichtlich folgenden Zusammenhangs: Zunächst wird der Ammoniak in dem Brennrohr in der Flammzone des Heizgases entzündet. In dieser Eingangsphase wird die Ammoniak-Verbrennung durch weiterhin zugeleitetes Heizgas aufrechterhalten. Mit Hilfe des in dem Rohr brennenden Ammoniak-Heizgas-Gemisches wird der über dem Rohr mit Flammdurchgang angeordnete Fackelbrenner auf eine so hohe Temperatur aufgeheizt, daß die eigentliche Brennkammer des Fackelbrenners - möglicherweise nach Art eines Glühkopfes - eine permanente Selbstzündung des Ammoniak/Luft-Gemisches bewirkt, ohne daß weiteres Heizgas zur Aufrechterhaltung der Flamme erforderlich wäre. Bei dem anschließenden Dauerbetrieb wird also allein die Verbrennungswärme des Ammoniaks zur Aufrechterhaltung der Zündungstemperatur und damit der weiteren Verbrennung ausgenutzt.According to the invention, it is possible to dispose of an ammonia / air mixture in a controlled manner in a relatively simple system to be set up on site without the use of special catalysts and in the case of continuous operation without the addition of fuels, without any risk to people or the environment. The invention obviously uses the following relationship to burn the ammonia: First, the ammonia is ignited in the combustion tube in the flame zone of the heating gas. In this initial phase, the ammonia combustion is maintained by the heating gas still supplied. With the help of the ammonia-heating gas mixture burning in the tube, the torch burner arranged above the tube with flame passage is heated to such a high temperature that the actual combustion chamber of the torch burner - possibly in the manner of a glow head - permanent self-ignition of the ammonia / air mixture causes without additional heating gas to maintain the flame. During the subsequent continuous operation, only the heat of combustion of the ammonia is used to maintain the ignition temperature and thus further combustion.
Für eine Vorrichtung zum schadstoffarmen Entsorgen von Ammoniak ist die erfindungsgemäße Lösung bevorzugt gekennzeichnet durch ein unten offenes und oben in die Brennkammer eines Fackelbrenners mündendes Brennrohr mit an das untere Ende über ein Ventil angeschlossenem Anschlußrohr eines Ammoniak-Reservoirs, mit einem auf das untere Ende des Brennrohrs zu schaltenden Heizgasanschluß und mit einer Frischluftzufuhr. In dem Brennrohr, das am oberen Ende in die vorzugsweise einen größeren Durchmesser als das Brennrohr aufweisende Brennkammer des Fackelbrenners mündet, soll der Ammoniak in der Flammzone eines vorher auf irgendeine Weise gezündeten Heizgases entzündet werden.For a device for the low-pollutant disposal of ammonia, the solution according to the invention is preferably characterized by a fuel pipe which is open at the bottom and opens at the top into the combustion chamber of a torch burner and has a connecting pipe of an ammonia reservoir connected to the lower end via a valve, with one on the lower end of the fuel pipe heating gas connection to be switched and with a fresh air supply. In the combustion tube, which at the upper end into the combustion chamber of the torch burner, which preferably has a larger diameter than the combustion tube opens, the ammonia should be ignited in the flame zone of a previously ignited heating gas.
Das Heizgas soll dem Ammoniak erfindungsgemäß nur so lange beigemischt werden, bis die Brennkammer des Fackelbrenners auf eine Temperatur erhitzt ist, die nach Verlegung der Flammzone aus dem Brennrohr in den Fackelbrenner - auch nach dem Abschalten der Heizgaszufuhr - zu einer ständigen Selbstentzündung des Ammoniaks führt. Während der dem eigentlichen Prozeß der Ammoniakverbrennung vorausgehenden Aufheizphase soll die Flammzone durch Regelung der Ammoniak/Luft-Zufuhr in dem Brennrohr gehalten werden. Erst wenn die Aufheizphase beendet ist, soll die Ammoniak/Luft-Zufuhr so weit erhöht werden, daß die Flammzone in den Brenner des Fackelbrenners steigt und die Heizgaszufuhr wegen der Selbstentzündung des Ammoniaks an den heißen Teilen des Fackelbrenners abgeschaltet werden kann. Verbesserungen und weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.According to the invention, the heating gas should only be admixed with the ammonia until the combustion chamber of the torch burner is heated to a temperature which, after the flame zone has been moved from the combustion tube into the torch burner - even after the heating gas supply has been switched off - leads to a permanent self-ignition of the ammonia. During the heating phase preceding the actual process of ammonia combustion, the flame zone is to be kept in the combustion tube by regulating the ammonia / air supply. Only when the heating-up phase has been completed should the ammonia / air supply be increased to such an extent that the flame zone in the burner of the torch burner rises and the heating gas supply can be switched off due to the self-ignition of the ammonia on the hot parts of the torch burner. Improvements and further refinements of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Anhand der schematischen Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels werden Einzelheiten der Erfindung erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Entsorgungsanlage im betriebsbereiten Zustand; und
- Fig. 2
- ein Sprengbild der Entsorgungsanlage nach Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1
- a disposal system in operational condition; and
- Fig. 2
- an exploded view of the disposal system of FIG. 1st
Die Anlage nach Fig. 1 und 2 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Ammoniak-Anschlußrohr 1, einer Heizgaszuleitung 2, die beide in das (an sich offene) untere Ende 3 eines Brennrohrs 4 münden. Die Heizgaszuleitung 2 kann auf einen Brenner 5 (Fig. 2), der im Brennrohr 4 anzuordnen ist, geschaltet werden. Das Brennrohr 4 kann am unteren Ende offen sein und auf einem Aufnahmering 6 gelagert werden. Am unteren Ende des Brennrohrs 4 können nicht gezeichnete Luftregelklappen vorgesehen werden, mit denen die für die Verbrennung erforderliche Frischluftzufuhr, in üblicher Weise seibstgesteuert, aufrechterhalten wird. Sowohl das Ammoniak-Anschlußrohr 1 als auch die Heizgaszuleitung 2 sollen Regel- bzw. Absperr-Ventile 7 und 8 enthalten.1 and 2 consists essentially of an ammonia connection pipe 1, a heating
An das (an sich offene) obere Ende 9 des Brennrohrs 4 schließt sich nach Fig. 1 und 2 ein insgesamt mit 10 bezeichneter Fackelbrenner an. Dieser besteht im wesentlichen aus einer unmittelbar auf das obere Ende 9 des Brennrohrs 4 aufgesetzten Brennkammer 11 und einer Sturmkammer 12. Die Sturmkammer 12 besitzt in ihrem unteren Bereich eine Aufnahme 13 zum Befestigen auf der Brennkammer 11.According to FIGS. 1 and 2, the (generally open) upper end 9 of the
Die Brennkammer 11 soll bevorzugt einen im wesentlichen kegelstumpfförmigen Mantel 14 besitzen, der an seinem unteren, großen Durchmesser 15 mit einem Aufnahmering 16 zum Aufsetzen auf das Brennrohr 4 ausgestattet werden und der am oberen, kleinen Durchmesser 17 einen offenen Flammausgang besitzen soll. Zum Ansaugen von Frischluft für die Verbrennung kann die durch den großen großen Durchmesser 15 definierte Unterseite der Brennkammer 11, z.B. um den Aufnahmering 16 herum, Öffnungen besitzen. Auch das untere Ende 18 der Sturmkammer 12 kann Öffnungen zur Frischluftansaugung aufweisen. Die Sturmkammer 12 soll im übrigen im wesentlichen zylindrisch ausgebildet und am oberen Ende 19 ganz offen sein.The
Die ganze Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 und 2 kann als mobile Ammoniak-Entsorgungsanlage ausgebildet werden. In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird ein insgesamt mit 20 bezeichneter Ständer mit drei Schrägstützen 21 und drei Bodenstreben 22, die mit dem Fuß 23 der Anlage zu verbinden sind, stabilisiert. Die ganze Anlage kann einschließlich Sturmkammer beispielsweise etwa 3 m hoch sein und zerlegt in die Einzelteile in einem größeren Kofferraum eines Personenkraftwagens transportiert werden. Die Stützen 21 werden wie In Fig. 1 dargestellt, mit den Längsenden der Bodenstreben 22 einerseits und mit beispielsweise am Brennrohr 4 angebrachten Laschen 24 verschraubt. Zum Steuern der Verbrennung kann das Brennrohr 4 außer am unteren Ende 3 Frischlufteinlässe 25, die mit einer Manschette 26 verschließbar sind, besitzen.1 and 2 can be designed as a mobile ammonia disposal system. In the exemplary embodiment shown, a stand designated as a whole with 20 is stabilized with three
Bei Betrieb wird das Ammoniak-Anschlußrohr 1 über das Ventil 7 an den Auslaß eines zu entsorgenden Ammoniak-Speichers (nicht gezeichnet) angeschlossen. Zum Starten des Entsorgungsvorgangs wird zunächst ein Heizgas, z.B. Propan oder Methan, durch Öffnen des Ventils 8 zu dem Brenner 5, der drei in Fig. 2 dargestellte Düsen besitzen kann, geleitet und dort entzündet, so daß sich innerhalb des Brennrohrs 4 eine Flammzone ausbildet. Diese kann zunächst ganz unten im Brennrohr 4, eventuell noch unterhalb der (dann zu schließenden) Frischlufteinlässe 25 liegen.In operation, the ammonia connection pipe 1 is connected via the
Wenn die Heizgasflamme im Brennrohr 4 brennt, wird das Ammoniak-Ventil 7 langsam geöffnet - bevorzugt bis das Strömen des Ammoniaks hörbar wird. Dabei wird die Flammzone im Brennrohr 4 nach oben verschoben. Die Ammoniakmenge soll aber so begrenzt werden, daß die Flammzone im Brennrohr 4 also unter der Brennkammer 11 bleibt. Die Frischlufteinlässe 25 sollen auch jetzt nur geöffnet werden, wenn die Flammzone deutlich darüber liegt. Bereits in der Flammzone Im Brennrohr 4 jedoch setzt die Ammoniakverbrennung ein. Dabei wird außer dem Brennrohr 4 auch die darüber befindliche Brennkammer 11 aufgeheizt. Größe und Form der Brennkammer 11 sowie Durchmesser und Länge des Brennrohrs 4 werden bevorzugt gegenseitig derart abgestimmt, daß die Geschwindigkeit des Luft-Heizgas-Ammoniak- Gemisches so herabgesetzt wird, daß das Gemisch während der Aufheizphase Im Brennrohr ruhig und vollständig verbrennt. Normalerweise kann hierbei die Frischluftzufuhr allein mit Hilfe einer selbsttätigen (nicht gezeichneten) Jalousie-Regelung am unteren Ende 3 des Brennrohrs 4 bzw. am Aufnahmering 6 gesteuert werden.When the heating gas flame burns in the
Nach wenigen Minuten Aufheizzeit, der Aufheizphase, werden die Heizgaszufuhr (mit Hilfe des Heizgasventils 8) langsam gedrosselt und die Ammoniak-Zufuhr mit Hilfe des Ventils 7 zugleich gesteigert. Bei diesem Vorgang wird die Flammzone aus dem Brennrohr 4 nach - schließlich bis oben in die Brennkammer 11 - gedrängt. Wenn die Flammzone in der Brennkammer 11 angelangt ist und dort weiter brennt, wird die Heizgaszufuhr durch Schließen des Ventils 8 - im allgemeinen allmählich - ganz unterbrochen. Das Brennrohr 11 dient dann - nach den bisherigen Erkenntnissen - nur noch der Zufuhr von Frischluft und Ammoniakgas. Die Luftzufuhr kann auch durch Verstellen der Manschette 26 relativ zu den Öffnungen des Frischlufteinlasses 25 nachgestellt werden.After a few minutes of heating-up, the heating-up phase, the heating gas supply (using the heating gas valve 8) is slowly throttled and the ammonia supply is increased using the
Die auf die Brennkammer 11 aufgesetzte und nach oben offene Sturmkammer 12 des Fackelbrenners 10 erlaubt eine saubere Restverbrennung der im Freien aufzustellenden erfindungsgemäßen Anlage, auch (normaler) Wind kann die Flamme nicht stören. Eventuelle Strömungsgeräusche des zufließenden Ammoniaks können mit Hilfe eines Schalldämpfers 28, der innerhalb des Brennrohrs 4 - in dessen unteren Teil, gegebenenfalls etwa bis zu den Frischluftöffnungen 26 reichend - anzuordnen ist, unterdrückt werden. Für maximale Leistungsstärke kann die Sturmkammer 12 unter Umständen über einen Rohrstutzen 29 und einen Ventilator zusätzlich belüftet werden.The
Durch die Erfindung wird eine mobile Entsorgungsanlage zum schadstoffarmen Vernichten von Ammoniak geschaffen, die abgesehen von einer Aufheizzeit mit Heizgas geeignet ist, Ammoniak ohne zusätzliche Energiezufuhr vollständig zu verbrennen. Bei dem Verfahren zum Entsorgen von Ammoniak durch Verbrennen mit Hilfe eines Fackelbrenners, bei dem zum Entzünden des zu entsorgenden Gases ein Heizgas verwendet wird, kann erfindungsgemäß bei Dauerbetrieb ohne Heizgaszufuhr und ohne Katalysator gearbeitet werden, wenn unterhalb des Fackelbrenners mit Flammdurchgang zu diesem ein Brennrohr angeordnet wird und wenn in dem Brennrohr der Ammoniak mit Hilfe eines Heizgases entzündet und so lange unter Zufügung von Heizgas verbrannt wird, bis der Fackelbrenner eine zum Weiterbrennen eines entzündeten Ammoniak/Luft-Gemisches erforderliche Temperatur erreicht hat. Nach Verlegen der Flammzone in den Fackelbrenner durch Erhöhen der Ammoniakzufuhr, kann daher die Heizgaszufuhr ganz abgeschaltet werden.The invention provides a mobile disposal system for the low-pollutant destruction of ammonia which, apart from a heating-up time with heating gas, is suitable for completely burning ammonia without additional energy supply. In the method for disposing of ammonia by burning with the help of a torch burner, in which a heating gas is used to ignite the gas to be disposed of, according to the invention it is possible to work in continuous operation without supplying heating gas and without a catalyst if a burner tube is arranged below the torch burner with a passage of flame to it and when the ammonia is ignited in the combustion tube with the help of a heating gas and so long with addition is burned by heating gas until the torch burner has reached a temperature required to continue burning an ignited ammonia / air mixture. After moving the flame zone into the torch burner by increasing the ammonia supply, the heating gas supply can be switched off completely.
- 1 =1 =
- Ammoniak-AnschlußrohrAmmonia connection pipe
- 2 =2 =
- Heizgas-ZuleitungHeating gas supply
- 3 =3 =
- Unteres Ende (4)Lower end (4)
- 4 =4 =
- BrennrohrFuel tube
- 5 =5 =
- Brennerburner
- 6 =6 =
- AufnahmeringReceiving ring
- 7 =7 =
- Ammoniak-VentilAmmonia valve
- 8 =8 =
- Heizgas-VentilFuel gas valve
- 9 =9 =
- Oberes Ende (4)Upper end (4)
- 10 =10 =
- Fackel brennerTorch burner
- 11 =11 =
- BrennkammerCombustion chamber
- 12 =12 =
- SturmkammerStorm chamber
- 13 =13 =
- Aufnahme (11)Recording (11)
- 14 =14 =
- Mantelcoat
- 15 =15 =
- Großer Durchmesser (14)Large diameter (14)
- 16 =16 =
- AufnahmeringReceiving ring
- 17 =17 =
- Kleiner Durchmesser (11)Small diameter (11)
- 18 =18 =
- Unteres Ende (12)Lower end (12)
- 19 =19 =
- Oberes Ende (12)Upper end (12)
- 20 =20 =
- StänderStand
- 21 =21 =
- Stützesupport
- 22 =22 =
- BodenstrebeFloor strut
- 23 =23 =
- Fußfoot
- 24 =24 =
- LascheTab
- 25 =25 =
- Frischluft-EinlaßFresh air inlet
- 26 =26 =
- Manschettecuff
- 27 =27 =
- SchalidämpferScarf damper
- 28 =28 =
- RohrstutzenPipe socket
Claims (8)
- Process for the disposal of ammonia by combustion by means of a torch burner (10) in which a fuel gas such as propane or methane is used to ignite the gas to be disposed of,
characterised in that
to prepare for the ignition of the ammonia the fuel gas mixed with fresh air is ignited forming a flame zone in a burner pipe (4) disposed beneath the torch burner (10) with flame-passage thereto, in that subsequently ammonia together with an intake of fresh air is fed into the combustion pipe (4) in a mixture that is combustible in the flame zone supplied by burning fuel gas and is ignited on the burning fuel gas, in that the torch burner (10) is heated by the fuel gas/ammonia-mixture burning in the combustion pipe (4) to the flame temperature of an essentially pure ammonia/air-mixture, and in that finally to commence the continual disposal of ammonia the flame zone is forced upwards in the torch burner (10) by gradually increasing the ammonia supply from the combustion pipe (4) and at the same time the fuel gas supply is gradually constricted until it is completely interrupted. - Device for the low-polluting consumption of ammonia for carrying out the process according to Claim 1,
characterised by
a combustion pipe (4) open at the bottom and exiting into the combustion chamber (11) of a torch burner (10) at the top with an ammonia gas supply connected to the bottom end (3) by a valve (7), a heating gas supply (2) to connect to the bottom end (3) of the combustion pipe (4) and a supply of fresh air. - Device according to Claim 2
characterised in that
a sound damper (27) is provided inside the combustion pipe (4). - Device according to Claim 2 or 3
characterised by
a combustion chamber (11) in the torch burner (10) with a greater diameter than the combustion pipe (4). - Device according to Claim 4,
characterised in that
the diameter of the combustion chamber (11) tapers off in the direction of flow - of ammonia and gases produced by combustion - like a pyramidal stub. - Device according to at least one of Claims 2 to 5
characterised in that
in the direction of the flow - of ammonia and gases produced by combustion - a storm chamber (12) follows the combustion chamber (11) enclosing the latter and having a greater diameter. - Device according to at least one of Claims 2 to 6,
characterised in that
only the bottom opening (3) of the combustion pipe (4) is provided as a fresh air supply opening on heating by means of or with the addition of the fuel gas. - Device according to at least one of Claims 2 to 7,
characterised in that
after disconnecting the fuel gas supply only the combustion pipe (4) is provided as an ammonia/fresh air pipe.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4201690 | 1992-01-23 | ||
| DE4201690 | 1992-01-23 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0552750A2 EP0552750A2 (en) | 1993-07-28 |
| EP0552750A3 EP0552750A3 (en) | 1993-12-29 |
| EP0552750B1 true EP0552750B1 (en) | 1996-04-10 |
Family
ID=6450049
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93100831A Expired - Lifetime EP0552750B1 (en) | 1992-01-23 | 1993-01-21 | Process for the disposal of ammonia and device for carrying out said process |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0552750B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE136634T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4300865C2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6793740B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2004-09-21 | General Electric Company | Method for cleaning pressurized containers containing moisture sensitive chemicals |
| US6926776B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2005-08-09 | General Electric Company | Method for cleaning pressurized containers containing chlorine gas or sulfur dioxide gas |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6758913B1 (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2004-07-06 | General Electric Company | Method of cleaning pressurized containers containing anhydrous ammonia |
| DE102012102248B4 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-11-07 | Das Environmental Expert Gmbh | Device for disposing of noxious gases by burning |
| CN102853437B (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2015-08-26 | 武汉天颖环境工程股份有限公司 | A kind of open biogas combustion torch |
| CN103115366A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-05-22 | 上海凯鸿环保工程有限公司 | Portable torch |
| NL2015096B1 (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-01-31 | Johannus Theodorus Maria Taris Hermanus | Burner configuration and application thereof. |
| MX2018011393A (en) | 2016-03-21 | 2019-08-26 | Atlantis Res Labs Inc | Incinerating system. |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU920324A1 (en) * | 1980-06-26 | 1982-04-15 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6603 | Ammonium burning method |
| CA1153299A (en) * | 1981-03-05 | 1983-09-06 | Elmer M. Berlie | Waste gas incinerator |
| DE3618346A1 (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1987-12-03 | Aichelin Gmbh | Process and apparatus for disposing of nitriding atmosphere gases originating from industrial furnaces and used for nitriding or nitrocarburising |
| DE3721104A1 (en) * | 1986-07-01 | 1988-01-14 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen | Nitriding plant with waste-gas treatment system |
| DE3932751C2 (en) * | 1989-09-30 | 1994-01-27 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Exhaust Torch |
-
1993
- 1993-01-15 DE DE4300865A patent/DE4300865C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-21 EP EP93100831A patent/EP0552750B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-21 AT AT93100831T patent/ATE136634T1/en active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6793740B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2004-09-21 | General Electric Company | Method for cleaning pressurized containers containing moisture sensitive chemicals |
| US6926776B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2005-08-09 | General Electric Company | Method for cleaning pressurized containers containing chlorine gas or sulfur dioxide gas |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0552750A3 (en) | 1993-12-29 |
| EP0552750A2 (en) | 1993-07-28 |
| DE4300865A1 (en) | 1993-07-29 |
| ATE136634T1 (en) | 1996-04-15 |
| DE4300865C2 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
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