EP0549432A1 - Blitzableiter mit mechanisch verbesserten Eigenschaften - Google Patents

Blitzableiter mit mechanisch verbesserten Eigenschaften Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0549432A1
EP0549432A1 EP92403461A EP92403461A EP0549432A1 EP 0549432 A1 EP0549432 A1 EP 0549432A1 EP 92403461 A EP92403461 A EP 92403461A EP 92403461 A EP92403461 A EP 92403461A EP 0549432 A1 EP0549432 A1 EP 0549432A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surge arrester
arrester according
varistors
stack
envelope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92403461A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0549432B1 (de
Inventor
Dominique Mercier
Alain Lagnoux
Frédéric Malpiece
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soule Materiel Electrique
Original Assignee
Soule Materiel Electrique
Soule SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soule Materiel Electrique, Soule SA filed Critical Soule Materiel Electrique
Publication of EP0549432A1 publication Critical patent/EP0549432A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0549432B1 publication Critical patent/EP0549432B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of surge arresters.
  • Surge arresters are devices designed to be connected between a high voltage line and ground to limit the amplitude and duration of the overvoltages appearing on the line. These overvoltages can be due for example to atmospheric phenomena, such as lightning, or inductions in the conductors. These overvoltages can also be due to operations on the live line.
  • Surge arresters are generally formed by stacking different varistors, most often nowadays by stacking several discs based on zinc oxide, whose electrical resistivity is highly non-linear depending on the applied voltage.
  • these varistors do not let practically any current pass as long as the voltage at their terminals is less than a starting threshold and on the other hand, let pass a very strong current, which can reach several tens of kiloamperes, when the voltage applied to their terminals exceeds the aforementioned priming threshold.
  • the number of varistors used in the arrester is such that the nominal service voltage on the high-voltage line is less than the ignition threshold at the terminals of the stack of varistors.
  • the surge arrester can permanently withstand the nominal operating voltage, without current leakage and, on the other hand, allows discharge currents of very high intensity which can appear temporarily on the line in the event of accidental overvoltage.
  • EP-A-0008181, EP-A-0274674, EP-A-0281945 and US-A-4456942 have proposed, for example, to produce this envelope using an elastomeric material.
  • documents US-A-4656555, US-A-490 5118, US-A-4404614, EP-A-0304690, EP-A-0335479, EP-A-0335480, EP-A-0397163, EP- A-0233022 and DE-A-898603 have proposed to produce the envelope surrounding the stack of varistors in composite material formed of fibers, generally glass fibers, impregnated with resin. More specifically, the document EP-A-0233022 proposed to use a sheet of prepreg fibers. This technique of using a composite material is very old. Document DE-A-898603 proposed in fact from 1946 to use glass fibers impregnated with resin to wrap varistors.
  • known surge arresters are generally fixed at the top of pylons, on metal frames. They are subjected to significant efforts and in this regard, the known surge arresters do not always have sufficient mechanical strength.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the prior arresters.
  • the envelope made of composite material having fibers oriented parallel to the axis of the stack of varistors, in combination with the immobilization means makes it possible to guarantee perfect rigidity of the arrester at flexion , rotating about the axis of the stack between the two contact pieces and relative translation between the two contact pieces along the axis of the stack.
  • the aforementioned annular groove ensures the translational fixing.
  • the non-symmetrical structure of revolution ensures the rotational fixing.
  • Said non-symmetrical structure of revolution provided on each contact piece can be formed of helical threads or of an element of polygonal cross section, very preferably of these two combined means.
  • the arrester further comprises at one of its ends a housing which houses a fault signaling device.
  • This fault signaling device is designed to visualize the passage of a line current to earth via the arrester, that is to say to visualize the passage of a leakage current through the arrester.
  • the signaling assembly comprises a pyrotechnic component.
  • the arrester 10 according to the present invention shown in the appended FIG. 1, comprises a stack of varistors 100, two contact parts 200 and an envelope made of composite material 300.
  • the arrester 10 further comprises an outer jacket with fins 400 and two end caps 500.
  • Varistors 100 are formed from discs of constant diameter formed on the basis of zinc oxide. Varistors based on zinc oxide are well known to those skilled in the art. Their production process and their composition will therefore not be described below.
  • the varistors 100 are stacked along their axis 102 to be perfectly coaxial.
  • the two contact pieces 200 are placed respectively on the ends of the stack of varistors.
  • the contact parts 200 comprise an annular groove 210.
  • a fabric of fibers 300 is wound around the stack of varistors 100 and on the base of the two contact pieces 200.
  • Two links 350 are tightened on the casing 300, opposite the grooves 210 mentioned above. .
  • the casing 300 is forced inside the grooves 210.
  • the casing 300 thus ensures a firm connection between the two contact parts 200 and maintains, by axial stress, good electrical contact between the main transverse faces 104 on the axis 102 of each pair of adjacent varistors on the one hand, and between the main external faces 104 of the varistors 100 placed at the ends of the stack and respectively the contact pieces 200.
  • the shirt 400 can then be engaged on the casing 300.
  • the shirt 400 is formed on the basis of silicone.
  • the jacket 400 is provided, on its outer surface 402, with fins 404.
  • the jacket 400 is immobilized on the envelope 300 by means of two collars 410 tightened on the ends of the jacket 400, opposite each contact piece 200 respectively.
  • caps 500 are engaged on the ends of the arrester thus formed to cover the collars 410.
  • the caps 500 are essentially formed by a flat disc 502 perpendicular to the axis 102 and provided with a cylindrical skirt 506 surrounding the collars 410 above.
  • Each disc 502 is provided with a central orifice 504 coaxial with the axis 102 designed to allow the passage of a stud connected to the associated contact piece 200.
  • the two contact pieces 200 placed respectively at the ends of the arrester are identical.
  • Each contact piece 200 is formed from a single metal block having a general symmetry of revolution about an axis 202. In use, this axis 202 is coaxial with the axis 102 of the stack of varistors.
  • the main faces of the contact piece 200 are referenced 204 and 206. These main faces 204 and 206 are plane and orthogonal to the axis 202.
  • the main face 204 is based on the use on the main external face 104 of a varistor 100 placed at the end of the stack.
  • the main face 206 is directed towards the outside of the arrester.
  • the contact piece 200 comprises a cylinder 220 adjacent to the main face 206 and extended in the direction of the main face 204 by a barrel 230 of smaller section.
  • the section of the barrel 230 is equal to the external section of the varistors 100.
  • the barrels 230 extend the external surface of the stack.
  • the abovementioned annular groove 210 is formed in the barrel 230, approximately halfway along the latter.
  • the bottom 211 of the groove 210 preferably has a polygonal section, for example a hexagonal section as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the first side 212 of the groove 210 placed on the side of the main face 204 is preferably plane and perpendicular to the axis 202.
  • the second side 213 of the groove 210 placed on the side of the main face 206 is preferably conical centered on the axis 202 and with a concavity directed towards the main face 206.
  • helical threads 232 are formed on the external surface of the barrel 230.
  • the threads 232 extend on either side of the groove 210.
  • the threads 232 are advantageously interrupted before the main face 204.
  • the limit of the threads 232 on the side of the main face 204 is formed by an annular groove 234.
  • each contact piece 200 has a blind tapped bore 240 centered on the axis 202 and opening onto the main face 206.
  • This tapped bore 240 is designed to receive a connecting stud as indicated above.
  • the polygonal bottom 211 of the groove 210 and the threads 232 form non-symmetrical structures of revolution around the axis 202. These structures in engagement with the casing 300 make it possible to prohibit any relative rotation between the contact parts 200 and l 'envelope 300.
  • the envelope 300 is formed as indicated above from a fabric of fibers. It can be carbon fibers. Preferably, however, these are glass fibers. These fibers are oriented essentially parallel to the axis 102 of the stack of varistors. Furthermore, the fibers advantageously extend over the entire length of the stack.
  • the fibers of the envelope 300 work for some in elongation, for the others for compression.
  • Glass and carbon fibers have excellent resistance properties both in elongation and in compression. They therefore make it possible to ensure good mechanical resistance of the arrester to bending.
  • the fiber fabric used is advantageously an open mesh fabric to allow free degassing of the stack of varistors, as is known to those skilled in the art.
  • the fiber fabric can be impregnated with any resin known to specialists in the field of composite materials.
  • the link 250 used can be formed of numerous variants, for example of a ribbon or of separate fibers, such as fibers impregnated with resin.
  • the establishment of links 250 enables the jacket 300 to be immobilized firmly in translation on each contact piece 200 and thus to ensure good immobilization in relative translation of the contact pieces 200.
  • the envelope 300 can be formed from different layers of superimposed fibers.
  • a sheet of ultimate fibers can be wound if necessary over the whole of the preformed envelope 300 as well as the links 250, in order to define a perfectly continuous cylindrical external surface before fitting the jacket 400.
  • a plastic film for example an adhesive film
  • the housing 610 essentially comprises a sleeve 611 cylindrical of revolution around an axis 612, an internal skirt 614 cylindrical of revolution around the same axis 612 and a ring 616 perpendicular to the axis 612 which connects the sleeve 611 and the skirt 614.
  • the internal diameter of the sleeve 611 is complementary to the external diameter of the connecting piece 200.
  • the axis 612 is coaxial with the axis 102.
  • the housing 610 can be immobilized on the connecting piece 200 using a stud 630.
  • the stud 630 is designed to be engaged in the skirt 614 of the housing. It has a central trunk 632 cylindrical of revolution around the axis 612 and extended respectively on either side by two threaded ends 634, 636.
  • the endpiece 634 is complementary to the threaded bore 240 formed in the contact piece 200.
  • the stud 630 is provided with a stop ring 638 at the transition between the central trunk 632 and the threaded endpiece 636.
  • the stop ring 638 comes to rest against the connection ring 616 of the housing 610 and thus makes it possible to immobilize the housing 610 in translation on the connection piece 200 when the threaded end piece 634 is engaged in the threaded bore 240. From preferably, the stop ring 638 is more precisely placed in a housing 617 formed in the connecting ring 616.
  • the stud 636 is accessible outside the housing 610 to allow connection to any suitable connection system, for example a pin, to the high voltage line or ground.
  • the external diameter of the central trunk 632 is equal to the internal diameter of the skirt 614.
  • the housing 610 preferably has, near the free edge of the sleeve 611, a coding finger 618 eccentric with respect to the axis 612 and intended for engaging in a complementary housing formed on the main surface 206 of the connecting piece. Thanks to these arrangements, a rotation immobilization of the signaling device 600 relative to the arrester is also obtained.
  • the fault signaling device essentially comprises a low loss current sensor 640, an electronic circuit 650 and a signaling assembly 670.
  • the low loss current sensor 640 comprises a coil surrounding the stud 630. More specifically, the low loss current sensor 640 preferably comprises a toroid 642 and a coil 644.
  • the torus 642 is made of ferromagnetic material. It is preferably spiral.
  • the toroid 642 serves as a support for the coil 644 made of electrically conductive material.
  • This coil 644 constitutes the secondary of a current transformer whose primary is formed by the stud 636 itself.
  • the toroid 642 is preferably made of a material tuned to the frequency of the electrical signal passing through the high voltage line connected to the stud 636.
  • the torus 642 saturates in the event of parasitic overvoltage applied to the line to a different frequency.
  • the torus 642 is designed to be engaged on the barrel 614. For this, the diameter of its central bore 646 after winding of the secondary wire 644 must be substantially equal to the external diameter of the barrel 614.
  • the torus 642 After setting up the torus 642 equipped with the winding 644, on the barrel 614, the torus 642 is immobilized by means of a closing washer 680 engaged in the housing 610.
  • the washer 680 extends perpendicular to the axis 612. It is crossed by the polarizing finger 618.
  • the washer 680 receives, through the threaded end piece 634.
  • FIG. 8 There is shown in FIG. 8 appended, a preferred embodiment of the electronic circuit 650 connected to the output of the current sensor 640.
  • This electronic circuit 650 mainly comprises a rectifier bridge 651 and a capacitor C656.
  • the rectifier bridge 651 is preferably a full-wave rectifier bridge with four diodes D652, D653, D654, D655 arranged in Greatz bridge.
  • a first input of the rectifier bridge formed by the anode of the diode D652 and the cathode of the diode D655 is connected to a first terminal of the secondary winding 644.
  • the second input of the rectifier bridge 651 formed by the anode of the diode D653 and the cathode of the diode D654 is connected to the second terminal of the secondary winding 644.
  • the first output of the rectifier bridge is formed by the cathode of diodes D652 and D653.
  • the second output of the rectifier bridge 651 is formed by the anode of the diodes D654, D655.
  • the capacitor C656 is connected between the outputs of the rectifier bridge 651.
  • the capacitor C656 integrates the energy of a possible leakage current passing through the stud 636 and detected by the winding 644.
  • a Zener diode D657 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C656.
  • the purpose of this Zener D657 diode is to clip the parasites detected by the current transformer 640, such as for example the parasites due to lightning.
  • the signaling element 670 could be connected directly to the terminals of the capacitor C656.
  • control the signaling element 670 by means of a threshold element 658.
  • This threshold element T658 is designed to initiate the signaling assembly 670 only when the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor C656 exceeds a given threshold, that is to say in other words when the energy stored in the capacitor C656 reaches a required threshold.
  • the threshold assembly 658 can of course be the subject of different alternative embodiments.
  • this threshold element comprises a thyristor T659 and a Zener diode D660.
  • the cathode of thyristor T659 is connected to the ground terminal of capacitor C656 via an initiation cell 672.
  • the anode of thyristor T659 is connected to the second terminal of capacitor C656.
  • the trigger of the thyristor T659 is connected on the one hand to the ground terminal of the capacitor via a resistor R661 and on the other hand to the second terminal of the capacitor C656 via a branch comprising in series the aforementioned Zener diode D660 and a resistor R662.
  • the AC signal from the current sensor 640 is rectified by the cell 651 and then stored in the capacitor C656.
  • this energy is transmitted to the initialization element 672 via the thyristor T659.
  • the various components of the electronic circuit 650 which has just been described are grouped together on a printed circuit 664.
  • This component 664 is placed in the housing 610. It preferably has the form of a flat ring having a central bore 665 such as the printed circuit 664 can be engaged on the central barrel 614 as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the largest components of the electronic circuit 650 for example the capacitor C656 are placed radially outside the torus 642.
  • the signaling assembly comprises a pyrotechnic component. More specifically, the initialization element 672 is formed of a pyrotechnic igniter. This pyrotechnic igniter 672 is associated with a body of black powder 674 visible in FIGS. 4 and 6, or any equivalent means.
  • the signaling assembly 670 further comprises a display element 676.
  • the display element 676 is placed in a housing 618 formed in the housing 610.
  • the housing 618 opens laterally at an opening formed in the sleeve 611.
  • the display element 676 is covered by a shutter cover 620.
  • This has an outer casing in the form of a cylindrical cap with a radius equal to the radius of the sleeve 611 and a complementary contour of the opening formed in the sleeve 611.
  • the cover 620 completes , without discontinuity, the external surface of the sleeve 611.
  • the assembly of black powder 674 is placed between the wall of the sleeve 611 and the cover 620.
  • gases are released.
  • the resulting increase in pressure ejects the cover 620 and discovers the display element 676.
  • the display element 676 can be the subject of numerous embodiments. It can be formed for example of a reflective coating or an attached reflective part, on the bottom of the housing 618 discovered during the ejection of the cover 620.
  • the display element 676 can also be formed, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, from a strip or flag of bright colors folded at rest inside the housing 618.
  • the ribbon 676 is not visible as long as the cover 620 is in place on the housing 610. On the other hand, the ribbon 676 becomes visible when the igniter 672 and the assembly of black powder 674 causes the ejection of the cover 620 .
  • the display element 676 can be formed of any other mechanical part or more or less reflective material allowing easy identification from a distance.
  • the cover 620 can be immobilized initially on the housing 610 by any suitable means, for example using a scillable pin or an adhesive.
  • connection washer 616 of the housing 610 is also provided with a coding finger 615 eccentric with respect to the axis 612.
  • the signaling device which has just been described is simple and inexpensive. It can therefore be associated with each surge arrester and can directly detect any defective equipment.
  • the signaling device which has just been described has a great advantage compared to known fault detection systems comprising a complex processor which analyzes the currents of each phase line to detect polyphase faults and zero sequence faults.
  • these known systems are indeed very expensive and for this reason, are installed only every n kilometers on the lines to be monitored. Consequently, when a fault is viewed by such an earlier processor system, the operator must check the section of lines of n kilometers to locate the faulty fault very precisely and perform troubleshooting.
  • the signaling device also has a clear advantage over known systems exploiting the Joule effect of the leakage current.
  • the known systems sensitive to the joule effect are only activated for leakage currents of the order of 60 to 100 amps, while the system in accordance with the present invention makes it possible to work on low intensity leakage currents. , typically of the order of 1 amp.
  • the signaling device As the signaling device is integrated into the surge arrester, it is installed automatically when the arrester is connected, without requiring additional operations. The signaling device is thus directly operational after connection of the arrester.
  • the signaling device according to the present invention is self-powered by the leakage current integrated in the capacitor. Thus, it is not dependent on the proper functioning of an additional external energy source.
  • the washer 680 is made for example of stainless steel and serves as thermal shielding for the signaling device.
  • the fabric of fibers making up the envelope 300 is a fabric of glass fibers crossed at a rate of 62.5% by weight of fibers in the weft direction parallel to the axis 102 and 37.5% by weight of fibers in the warp direction transverse to axis 102.
  • the fabric has meshes of 3.5 x 5 mm.
  • the entangled glass fibers are heat sealed.
  • the length of the frame is equal to the length of the envelope 300, for example 250 mm.
  • the thickness of each layer of fabric is of the order of 1.60 mm and preferably 2 to 3 layers of superimposed fabric are used.
  • the resin used is preferably an unsaturated polyester.
  • the link 250 is formed of glass fibers at a rate of 80% by weight in the warp direction and 20% by weight in the weft direction, and has a width of 20 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
EP19920403461 1991-12-20 1992-12-18 Blitzableiter mit mechanisch verbesserten Eigenschaften Expired - Lifetime EP0549432B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9115913 1991-12-20
FR9115913A FR2685532B1 (fr) 1991-12-20 1991-12-20 Parafoudre a proprietes mecaniques perfectionnees.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0549432A1 true EP0549432A1 (de) 1993-06-30
EP0549432B1 EP0549432B1 (de) 1996-03-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19920403461 Expired - Lifetime EP0549432B1 (de) 1991-12-20 1992-12-18 Blitzableiter mit mechanisch verbesserten Eigenschaften

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0549432B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2085864C (de)
DE (1) DE69209032D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2085598T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2685532B1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0656635A1 (de) * 1993-12-03 1995-06-07 Alcatel Cable Vorrichtung zum Messen von Impulsenergie
FR2747500A1 (fr) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-17 Soule Materiel Electr Parafoudre perfectionne a base de varistances
DE19728961A1 (de) * 1997-06-30 1999-02-04 Siemens Ag Überspannungsableiter für Hoch- oder Mittelspannung
CN100342461C (zh) * 2002-07-09 2007-10-10 中国电力科学研究院 大容量金属氧化物限压器配片方法
WO2013062706A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-02 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for detecting a lightning strike
CN107680761A (zh) * 2017-09-18 2018-02-09 西安唯实输配电技术有限公司 一种电气化铁道用智能型金属氧化物避雷器及制备方法
WO2019140586A1 (en) * 2018-01-18 2019-07-25 Abb Schweiz Ag Surge arrester and associated manufacturing method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0262056A1 (de) * 1986-08-28 1988-03-30 FERRAZ Société Anonyme Anzeiger zum Melden eines Kurzschlusses in einer Blitzschutzvorrichtung
EP0335479A2 (de) * 1988-03-31 1989-10-04 Hubbell Incorporated Modular aufgebautes elektrisches Bauteil mit Trennfolie aus Kunststoff
EP0372106A1 (de) * 1988-12-06 1990-06-13 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Überspannungsbegrenzer
EP0443286A1 (de) * 1988-12-30 1991-08-28 FERRAZ Société Anonyme Blitzschutzvorrichtung für elektrische Leitungen

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2719537B2 (ja) * 1987-11-24 1998-02-25 音羽電機工業株式会社 避雷器の耐圧絶縁筒

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0262056A1 (de) * 1986-08-28 1988-03-30 FERRAZ Société Anonyme Anzeiger zum Melden eines Kurzschlusses in einer Blitzschutzvorrichtung
EP0335479A2 (de) * 1988-03-31 1989-10-04 Hubbell Incorporated Modular aufgebautes elektrisches Bauteil mit Trennfolie aus Kunststoff
EP0372106A1 (de) * 1988-12-06 1990-06-13 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Überspannungsbegrenzer
EP0443286A1 (de) * 1988-12-30 1991-08-28 FERRAZ Société Anonyme Blitzschutzvorrichtung für elektrische Leitungen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 13, no. 390 (E-813)29 Août 1989 & JP-A-1 137 603 ( OTOWA DENKI KOGYO ) 30 Mai 1989 *

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0656635A1 (de) * 1993-12-03 1995-06-07 Alcatel Cable Vorrichtung zum Messen von Impulsenergie
FR2713345A1 (fr) * 1993-12-03 1995-06-09 Alcatel Cable Dispositif de mesure d'énergie impulsionnelle.
US5497075A (en) * 1993-12-03 1996-03-05 Alcatel Cable Apparatus for measuring pulse energy
FR2747500A1 (fr) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-17 Soule Materiel Electr Parafoudre perfectionne a base de varistances
WO1997039462A1 (fr) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-23 Soule Materiel Electrique Parafoudre perfectionne a base de varistances
US6185813B1 (en) 1996-04-12 2001-02-13 Soule Materiel Electrique Enhanced varistor-based lighting arresters
DE19728961A1 (de) * 1997-06-30 1999-02-04 Siemens Ag Überspannungsableiter für Hoch- oder Mittelspannung
US6433989B1 (en) 1997-06-30 2002-08-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Overvoltage protector for high or medium voltage
CN100342461C (zh) * 2002-07-09 2007-10-10 中国电力科学研究院 大容量金属氧化物限压器配片方法
WO2013062706A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-02 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for detecting a lightning strike
US8841898B2 (en) 2011-10-25 2014-09-23 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for detecting a lightning strike
EP3444621A1 (de) * 2011-10-25 2019-02-20 The Boeing Company Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erkennung eines blitzeinschlags
CN107680761A (zh) * 2017-09-18 2018-02-09 西安唯实输配电技术有限公司 一种电气化铁道用智能型金属氧化物避雷器及制备方法
CN107680761B (zh) * 2017-09-18 2019-07-02 西安唯实输配电技术有限公司 一种电气化铁道用智能型金属氧化物避雷器及制备方法
WO2019140586A1 (en) * 2018-01-18 2019-07-25 Abb Schweiz Ag Surge arrester and associated manufacturing method
CN111684549A (zh) * 2018-01-18 2020-09-18 Abb电网瑞士股份公司 电涌放电器及相关的制造方法
US11380464B2 (en) 2018-01-18 2022-07-05 Hitachi Energy Switzerland Ag Surge arrester and associated manufacturing method
CN111684549B (zh) * 2018-01-18 2022-08-30 日立能源瑞士股份公司 电涌放电器及相关的制造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69209032D1 (de) 1996-04-18
EP0549432B1 (de) 1996-03-13
CA2085864A1 (fr) 1993-06-21
ES2085598T3 (es) 1996-06-01
FR2685532A1 (fr) 1993-06-25
CA2085864C (fr) 2001-07-24
FR2685532B1 (fr) 1994-12-30

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