EP0543681B1 - Middle voltage circuit breaker for inside or outside - Google Patents

Middle voltage circuit breaker for inside or outside Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0543681B1
EP0543681B1 EP92401816A EP92401816A EP0543681B1 EP 0543681 B1 EP0543681 B1 EP 0543681B1 EP 92401816 A EP92401816 A EP 92401816A EP 92401816 A EP92401816 A EP 92401816A EP 0543681 B1 EP0543681 B1 EP 0543681B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
rod
breaker according
insulating
poles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92401816A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0543681A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Rozier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grid Solutions SAS
Original Assignee
GEC Alsthom SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0543681A1 publication Critical patent/EP0543681A1/en
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Publication of EP0543681B1 publication Critical patent/EP0543681B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H01H33/125—Load break switches comprising a separate circuit breaker
    • H01H33/127—Load break switches comprising a separate circuit breaker movable with a sectionalising contact arm and operated by such movement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/022—Details particular to three-phase circuit breakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/52—Cooling of switch parts
    • H01H2009/526—Cooling of switch parts of the high voltage switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medium voltage circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1, up to 36 kV, usable indoors or outdoors.
  • circuit breakers are known to use vacuum interrupters, in particular from document DE-U-8 614 497.
  • Such a circuit breaker comprises, for each pole, an insulating bushing comprising a first cylindrical part containing a vacuum interrupter, said vacuum interrupter comprising an insulating envelope closed by first and second metallic flanges, the first metallic flange bearing externally to the envelopes a first terminal and inside the envelope a fixed contact, the second flange being tightly traversed by a movable metal rod carrying a movable contact, the second flange being electrically connected to said movable rod.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum interrupter circuit breaker of simple construction and therefore moderate cost, and having a small volume.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker that can receive a simple construction current sensor.
  • the subject of the present invention is a medium-voltage circuit breaker comprising one pole per phase, each pole comprising an insulating bushing comprising a first cylindrical part containing a vacuum interrupter, said vacuum interrupter comprising an insulating envelope closed by a first and a second flange metallic, the first metal flange carrying a first terminal outside the envelope and inside the envelope a fixed contact, the second flange being leaktightly traversed by a movable metal rod carrying a movable contact, the second flange being electrically connected to said movable rod, characterized in that the insulating bushing comprising a second cylindrical part inside which is arranged coaxially a metal tube mechanically connected to the vacuum interrupter and electrically connected to said movable rod, said tube containing a control rod connected to said movable metal rod, the insulating bushings of each pole being fixed to a common profile disposed substantially at the limit between the first and the second part of each crossing, said profile serving as support for a control shaft common to the pole
  • the pole control shaft can be a rotary shaft or a shaft moving in translation along its axis.
  • the first part of said insulating bushing has internal grooves and parallel to the axis of the bushing, defining with the outside wall of the vacuum interrupter ventilation channels, the air circulating in said metal tube and penetrating into said channels through holes in said tube.
  • the vacuum interrupter is placed in a cylindrical resin cage arranged in said first part of the crossing.
  • said resin cage has internal grooves parallel to its axis, defining with the wall of the vacuum interrupter ventilation channels, the air circulating in the tube metallic and penetrating into said channels through holes in said tube.
  • the dielectric strength between said metal tube and said second part of the insulating bushing is ensured by a sheath of insulating material slid over said metal tube and engaged in said second part, the mounting being facilitated by the use of an insulating grease.
  • said sheath is made of latex.
  • the kinematic chain between said control rod and said control shaft comprises a spring play take-up mechanism.
  • the end of the control rod comprises a tubular end portion in which engages said movable rod, said movable rod comprising a lumen in which is engaged a first pin passing through said control rod, a spring s' pressing against a first support washer in contact with said end of the control rod, and against a second support washer engaged in the mobile rod and held by a second pin passing through the mobile rod.
  • the mechanical connection of said metal tube with the vacuum interrupter and the electrical connection of said metal tube with said movable contact rod is ensured by means of a sleeve fixed to said second flange, of a ring secured to said sleeve and to said tube and a contact of the accordion or ring type disposed inside said ring and surrounding said movable contact rod.
  • the movable rod is screwed to the operating rod, the electrical contact between said movable rod and the metal tube being effected by means of a lamella contact.
  • the insulating envelope is overmolded on the metal tube.
  • said end piece comprises two half-collars tightened on said metal tube and in abutment on the end of said second part of the insulating bushing.
  • a coil with a toric magnetic core surrounds said second part of the insulating bushing, at the connection fillet of said first and said second part of the insulating bushing.
  • Figure 1 shows in perspective a three-phase circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the poles of the circuit breaker are referenced 1, 2 and 3: they are fixed to a common beam or common metal profile 4, serving as a support, but of hollow constitution to allow it to contain a control shaft 38 of the poles.
  • the control shaft ends in a control box secured to the beam.
  • Figure 2 is an axial sectional view of a pole, for example pole 1, but, of course, the poles are strictly identical and interchangeable.
  • the pole includes an insulating bushing 10, made of resin or elastomer, provided with fins 11.
  • the fins are attached; alternatively, they come from molding with the bushing.
  • a first part 10A of the crossing has a tubular shape and encloses a vacuum interrupter 14 shown diagrammatically.
  • the vacuum interrupter comprises an insulating envelope 15, preferably made of ceramic, and two metal end plates or flanges 16 and 17. To the plate 16 is fixed on one side a rod 18 carrying a fixed contact 19 and the 'other side a first terminal 20 of the pole.
  • the vacuum interrupter comprises a movable contact 21 carried by a rod 22 sliding in leaktight manner through the plate 17 thanks to a sealing bellows 23.
  • the inner surface of the portion 10A of the crossing is provided with grooves 12 parallel to the axis of the crossing and serving as ventilation channels, as will be explained later.
  • the dimensions of the part 10A of the bushing and in particular its internal diameter are preferably chosen to allow the vacuum bulbs of larger dimensions to be accommodated. If we want to accommodate a vacuum bulb of smaller dimensions, we will interpose, as shown in Figure 3, between the interior of the bushing 10A and the vacuum bulb 14, a cylindrical cage 13, of insulating material such as the resin, provided with external grooves 13A defining with the lateral surface of the vacuum interrupter ventilation channels.
  • the insulating bushing 10 comprises a second part 10B, also tubular, but of smaller diameter than that of the part 10A and connected to the latter by a leave 10C.
  • the interior surface of the part 10B is conical, the thickness of the crossing increasing from the leave 10C and as one moves away from it.
  • the parts 10A and 10B constitute only one piece coming from molding.
  • the tubular part 10B contains a metal tube 25, preferably made of copper, secured to the vacuum interrupter as will be shown with reference to FIG. 5, and in electrical contact with the movable rod 22 of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the tube 25 serves to convey the current between the vacuum interrupter and a complex part 26 serving in particular as a second terminal at the pole.
  • the dielectric strength between the bushing 10B and the metal tube 25 is ensured by means of a sheath 27, made of an insulating material such as latex, and having a generally tubular shape with a cylindrical internal section and a conical external section complementary to the surface. inside of part 10B of the insulating bushing.
  • this sheath is slid around the metal tube 25, slipping being facilitated by the use of an insulating grease, for example based on silicone.
  • the outer surface of the sheath is coated with the same grease and engaged in part 10B of the insulating bushing, applying pressure so as to ensure elimination of air. Maintaining the sheath in compression is ensured by means of a stop means such as a circlip 28 engaged in a groove in the tube 25.
  • the device is fixed to the profile 4 by means of a fixing collar 29.
  • the opening or closing operation of the vacuum interrupter is ensured by means of a rod 30, for example metal, sliding inside the tube 25, and secured to the rod 22.
  • This rod is articulated at 31 to a return lever 32 itself articulated at 33 on the part 26.
  • the end of the lever 32 is articulated at 34 to a first end of an insulating rod 35 whose second end is articulated at 36 to a first end d 'a connecting rod 3 7, a second end of which is wedged on the control shaft 38 placed in the beam 4.
  • the copper tube carries, in the vicinity of the plate 17, holes 25A whose role is explained now.
  • FIG. 4 shows how the metal tube 25 is mechanically fixed to the vacuum interrupter 14 and how the current can pass from the movable rod 22 to the tube 25.
  • Vacuum bulbs usually include a metal cover welded to the plate 17 and which contains a bearing for the movable rod 22.
  • the cover is modified and transformed into a sleeve 15A internally threaded to which a metal ring 15B can be screwed.
  • the tube 25 is engaged inside this ring and secured to the ring by brazing or screwing.
  • the ring and the tube then define a shoulder against which an accordion type contact or a contact socket 15C rests.
  • the shape and role of the part 26 are specified with reference to FIG. 5. It can be seen that the part 26 comprises two half-collars 41 and 42 which can be tightened by means of screws 43, 44. These collars enclose the end of the conductive tube 25 with sufficient contact pressure to ensure good current flow. The half-collars abutting against the end of the bushing 10B immobilize in axial translation the tube 25 and the vacuum interrupter 14 which is integral therewith.
  • Lugs 45 carried by the half-collars cooperate with cells made in the end of the bushing 10B to immobilize the tube 25 and consequently, the vacuum interrupter 14, in rotation.
  • Two of the ears 46 and 47 of the half-collars extend to constitute the second terminal 48 of the pole.
  • the screw 44 serves as an articulation 33 for the lever 32.
  • the collars carry a notch 49 to allow the mounting of the articulation 31.
  • the pole is completed by a current sensor 50, in the form of a coil with a toric magnetic circuit; if the fins are of the attached fin type, the toroidal winding can be closed and slid around the bushing 10B before fitting the fins 11. If the fins are molded with the bushing, the magnetic circuit is of the open type.
  • the current sensors with which the poles are fitted make it possible to detect an abnormal overload or short-circuit current in the poles, and to order the opening of the circuit breaker; the overcurrent relay with direct action and for which it is not necessary to have an auxiliary energy source, can be placed in the control box 5.
  • the current sensor detects the earth fault and triggers.
  • the outside of the crossing, in line with the torus 50 and the collar 29 for supporting the beam 4, is coated with a metallization to equalize the potential which is that of the earth.
  • the torus can be equipped with a corona hood 51 held in place by conventional means not shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows the presence, between the flange 17 and the intermediate portion 10C of the crossing, of a volume filled with air. Without special precautions, this volume would be subject to a strong potential gradient which could lead to partial discharges which in the long run can be destructive.
  • the bushing comprises, in line with the aforementioned volume, a metal mesh 51A inserted during the molding of the bushing, and which is set to the potential of the metal tube 25. In this way, the simple tension is applied to the single insulating part.
  • the operating rod 30 may comprise a play take-up member comprising a cage provided with a spring 53; this play take-up member can also, as a variant, be arranged at any location of the kinematic chain connecting the rod 22 and the control shaft 38 disposed in the beam 4.
  • This cage can in some cases be too bulky to be placed inside the metal tube 25, it is possible to replace it with the device described below with reference to FIG. 5A.
  • the movable metal rod 22 includes a light 22A in which is engaged a first pin 22B passing through the rod 30.
  • a spring 22C is disposed between a first support washer 22D in contact with the end of the tubular part 30A, and a second washer 22E engaged in the rod 22 and held by a second pin 22F passing through the rod 22.
  • the rod 30 compresses the spring 22C which transmits the force to the movable rod 22 without play.
  • the rod 30 pulls the rod 22.
  • the play take-up assembly is guided in the conductive tube 25 by the washers 22D and 22E supporting the spring.
  • the washers have holes or indentations at their periphery to allow the passage of the air flow for cooling the bulb.
  • control rod was made in tubular form; alternatively, the control rod could be a tube over its entire length.
  • FIG. 5B is an elevational view in axial section of a pole according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the elements common to FIGS. 2 and 5B have been given the same reference numbers.
  • the copper tube 25 has an upper part 25B widened by pushing back to form the lower part of the housing of the vacuum interrupter; the operating rod 30 is directly screwed to the movable contact 21 of the vacuum interrupter; the electrical contact between the rod 22 of the vacuum interrupter and the tube 25 is ensured by a strip contact 15D.
  • the upper part of the part 10A of the bushing is closed by a plate 16A screwed by screws 16B cooperating with inserts came from molding with the insulating bushing.
  • the plate 16A carries blades 16C constituting both the electrical contact and the cooling elements of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the tube 25 is placed as an insert and is therefore perfectly positioned with respect to the insulating material.
  • FIG. 5D illustrates an alternative embodiment; the elements common to FIG. 5D is to FIGS. 2 and 5B have been given the same reference numbers.
  • the copper tube 30 is of short dimension and placed at the lower part of the part 10B of the insulating bushing; it cooperates with a lamellar contact 15D placed directly on the movable rod 22 of the vacuum interrupter, to which a sufficient length has been given.
  • the play take-up device 43 is placed on the insulating rod 33.
  • the control box 5 contains, in addition to the overcurrent relay mentioned above, the mechanism for rotating the control shaft 38, making it possible to communicate to the rod 30 translational movements to ensure vacuum bulb opening and closing cycles.
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of this mechanism whose advantage is that it is directly linked to the tree of circuit breaker control 38. It suffices to give the principle of this mechanism; its implementation is within the reach of those skilled in the art who can usefully refer to the Engineering Techniques, "Electrical equipment for high voltage interruption", by Euffer MAURY, D 657-4, page 49.
  • the mechanism comprises a drum 80 provided with a spring and which constitutes the reservoir of operating energy.
  • a gear motor 81 makes it possible to drive the drum to reset the spring.
  • the drum drives in rotation a shaft 82 always rotating in the same direction under the action of the rebound of the spring; this shaft is associated with hooking devices 83 with electric or manual control, making it possible to carry out the usual opening and closing cycles (for example a cycle o, 0.1sF, o).
  • An eccentric device 84 makes it possible to transform the one-way movement of the shaft 82 into an alternating circular movement communicated to the control shaft 38 of the poles of the circuit breaker.
  • the mechanism comprises, as is well known, a manual resetting member comprising a crank 85 visible in particular in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the shaft 38 is driven by a movement of translation also called rickshaw. This movement is communicated to the lever 32 in a known manner, for example by means of a lever 32A and a bent connecting rod 32B.
  • the invention typically applies to the production of a medium-voltage circuit breaker, up to a nominal voltage of 36 kV and a nominal current of 1250 A.
  • Figure 7 shows the pairs of poles 1, 1 '; 2,2 'and 3, 3' arranged on the same beam 4 with the same control shaft 38 and the same control box 5.
  • the ends of the poles are joined two by two to form terminals 61A, 61B, 61C and 62A, 62B and 62C.
  • circuit breaker can operate with a nominal voltage of 36 kV and a nominal current of 2500 A.
  • circuit breaker of the invention can cover the whole range of medium voltage circuit breakers, namely 7.2, 12, 24 and 36 kV .
  • the invention applies to the production of medium-voltage circuit breakers intended to be used either indoors or outdoors.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a circuit breaker of the interior type with front coupling.
  • the circuit breaker has three poles of the type described above. These poles are aligned on a common support profile 4. Only the pole 71 is visible in Figure 8 since it is a side view.
  • the control mechanism is completed by a connecting rod assembly comprising a crank 75 and a connecting rod 76.
  • the terminals of the poles are extended by racking-in connections 77 and 78.
  • circuit breaker is mainly the equipment of withdrawable cells of the prior art, either new or old for which we want to replace with vacuum bulbs old technology devices (low oil circuit breakers for example). Note that for indoor installations, the circuit breaker is enclosed in a metal cell.
  • FIG. 9 represents a circuit breaker with end coupling.
  • the control unit 5 is mounted perpendicular to the support profile so that the pole control shaft 38 is in direct contact with the control mechanism.
  • the use of this type of circuit breaker, intended for the interior, is mainly the equipment of fixed cells generally equipped with isolation switches; these are either old cells to be renovated, or new cells in which one wishes to use vacuum ampoules.
  • the invention applies to the production of circuit breakers for the outside, by means of the usual adaptations against bad weather (use of insulation resistant to pollution and to ultra-violet radiation, protection of the poles against the penetration of water or snow, galvanizing of the chassis, tropicalization of the coils, etc ).
  • Figure 10 illustrates a fixed type circuit breaker with end coupling.
  • the beam 4 carrying the poles 101, 102 and 103 is made of galvanized steel. It is carried by a portico of the same metal.
  • the poles are provided with a metal protective cover 101A, 102A and 103A which shelters the bulbs from bad weather, in particular prevents the introduction of rainwater, without preventing ventilation.
  • the pole crossings are advantageously made of cyclohaliphatic epoxy resin
  • the gantry can be replaced by a simple pylon 107 constituting with the beam 4 a bracket.
  • FIGS 12 and 13 illustrate another application which is that of a circuit breaker (also called recloser), of the sectionable type, used outdoors.
  • a circuit breaker also called recloser
  • the beam 4 supporting the poles 111, 112 and 113 is pivotally mounted in a drawer 114 which can slide in a chassis 115 carried by a pylon 116.
  • the control unit is integral with the beam 4.
  • the chassis also carries the insulating supports 121, 122, 123 of arrival and 131, 132 and 133 of departure of line 117.
  • the beam 4 When the circuit breaker is in the tripped position, the beam 4 can be turned about 90 degrees. The poles are then withdrawn and contained inside the drawer 114. The drawer can be partially extracted ( Figure 13), which allows visual examination, maintenance or replacement of one or more poles. A protective mesh 118 allows the protection of maintenance personnel who access the drawer by means of a ladder 119.

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Abstract

Circuit breaker with one pole per phase, characterised in that each pole comprises an insulating bushing (10) containing an evacuated bulb (14) and a metal tube (25) mechanically and electrically connected to the said evacuated bulb, the said tube containing a control rod (30) for operating the evacuated bulb, the insulating bushings of each pole being fixed to a common hollow beam (4) containing a control shaft (38) which is common to the poles and is connected to an operating mechanism. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention est relative à un disjoncteur à moyenne tension selon le préambule de la revendication 1, jusqu'à 36 kV, utilisable en intérieur ou en extérieur.The present invention relates to a medium voltage circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1, up to 36 kV, usable indoors or outdoors.

On connaît de tels disjoncteurs utilisant des ampoules à vide notamment par le document DE-U-8 614 497.Such circuit breakers are known to use vacuum interrupters, in particular from document DE-U-8 614 497.

Un tel disjoncteur comprend, pour chaque pôle, une traversée isolante comprenant une première partie cylindrique contenant une ampoule à vide, ladite ampoule à vide comportant une enveloppe isolante fermée par un premier et un second flasques métalliques, le premier flasque métallique portant extérieurement à l'enveloppe une première borne et à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe un contact fixe, le deuxième flasque étant traversé de manière étanche par une tige métallique mobile portant un contact mobile, le deuxième flasque étant électriquement relié à ladite tige mobile.Such a circuit breaker comprises, for each pole, an insulating bushing comprising a first cylindrical part containing a vacuum interrupter, said vacuum interrupter comprising an insulating envelope closed by first and second metallic flanges, the first metallic flange bearing externally to the envelopes a first terminal and inside the envelope a fixed contact, the second flange being tightly traversed by a movable metal rod carrying a movable contact, the second flange being electrically connected to said movable rod.

Un but de la présente invention est de réaliser un disjoncteur à ampoule à vide de construction simple et par suite de prix de revient modéré, et présentant un faible volume.An object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum interrupter circuit breaker of simple construction and therefore moderate cost, and having a small volume.

Un autre but de l'invention est de réaliser un disjoncteur pouvant recevoir un capteur de courant de construction simple.Another object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker that can receive a simple construction current sensor.

La présente invention a pour objet un disjoncteur à moyenne tension comprenant un pôle par phase, chaque pôle comprenant une traversée isolante comprenant une première partie cylindrique contenant une ampoule à vide, ladite ampoule à vide comportant une enveloppe isolante fermée par un premier et un second flasques métalliques, le premier flasque métallique portant extérieurement à l'enveloppe une première borne et à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe un contact fixe, le deuxième flasque étant traversé de manière étanche par une tige métallique mobile portant un contact mobile, le deuxième flasque étant électriquement relié à ladite tige mobile, caractérisé en ce que la traversée isolante comprenant une seconde partie cylindrique à l'intérieur de laquelle est disposé de manière coaxiale un tube métallique mécaniquement relié à l'ampoule à vide et électriquement relié à ladite tige mobile, ledit tube contenant une tige de commande reliée à ladite tige métallique mobile, les traversées isolante de chaque pôle étant fixées à un profilé commun disposé sensiblement à la limite entre la première et la seconde partie de chaque traversée, ledit profilé servant de support à un arbre de commande commun aux pôles et relié à un mécanisme de manoeuvre, la tige de commande de chaque pôle étant reliée mécaniquement audit arbre par l'intermédiaire d'un levier articulé sur une pièce d'extrémité solidaire du tube métallique, d'un bras isolant articulé par une première extrémité audit levier et par une seconde extrémité à une bielle calée sur ledit arbre, ladite pièce d'extrémité étant mécaniquement et électriquement reliée audit tube métallique et constituant une seconde borne du pôle.The subject of the present invention is a medium-voltage circuit breaker comprising one pole per phase, each pole comprising an insulating bushing comprising a first cylindrical part containing a vacuum interrupter, said vacuum interrupter comprising an insulating envelope closed by a first and a second flange metallic, the first metal flange carrying a first terminal outside the envelope and inside the envelope a fixed contact, the second flange being leaktightly traversed by a movable metal rod carrying a movable contact, the second flange being electrically connected to said movable rod, characterized in that the insulating bushing comprising a second cylindrical part inside which is arranged coaxially a metal tube mechanically connected to the vacuum interrupter and electrically connected to said movable rod, said tube containing a control rod connected to said movable metal rod, the insulating bushings of each pole being fixed to a common profile disposed substantially at the limit between the first and the second part of each crossing, said profile serving as support for a control shaft common to the poles and connected to an operating mechanism, the control rod of each pole being mechanically connected to said shaft via of a lever articulated on an end piece integral with the metal tube, of an insulating arm articulated by a first end to said lever and by a second end to a connecting rod wedged on said shaft, said end piece being mechanically and electrically connected to said metal tube and constituting a second terminal of the pole.

L'arbre de commande des pôles peut être un arbre rotatif ou un arbre se déplaçant en translation le long de son axe.The pole control shaft can be a rotary shaft or a shaft moving in translation along its axis.

Avantageusement, la première partie de ladite traversée isolante comporte des rainures intérieures et parallèles à l'axe de la traversée, définissant avec la paroi extérieure de l'ampoule à vide des canaux de ventilation, l'air circulant dans ledit tube métallique et pénétrant dans lesdits canaux par des trous dans ledit tube.Advantageously, the first part of said insulating bushing has internal grooves and parallel to the axis of the bushing, defining with the outside wall of the vacuum interrupter ventilation channels, the air circulating in said metal tube and penetrating into said channels through holes in said tube.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, l'ampoule à vide est placée dans une cage cylindrique en résine disposée dans ladite première partie de la traversée.In a particular embodiment, the vacuum interrupter is placed in a cylindrical resin cage arranged in said first part of the crossing.

Dans ce cas, ladite cage en résine comporte des rainures intérieures parallèles à son axe, définissant avec la paroi de l'ampoule à vide des canaux de ventilation, l'air circulant dans le tube métallique et pénétrant dans lesdits canaux par des trous dans ledit tube.In this case, said resin cage has internal grooves parallel to its axis, defining with the wall of the vacuum interrupter ventilation channels, the air circulating in the tube metallic and penetrating into said channels through holes in said tube.

Avantageusement, la tenue diélectrique entre ledit tube métallique et ladite seconde partie de la traversée isolante est assurée par une gaine en matériau isolant glissée sur ledit tube métallique et engagée dans ladite seconde partie, le montage étant facilité par l'emploi d'une graisse isolante.Advantageously, the dielectric strength between said metal tube and said second part of the insulating bushing is ensured by a sheath of insulating material slid over said metal tube and engaged in said second part, the mounting being facilitated by the use of an insulating grease. .

De préférence, ladite gaine est en latex.Preferably, said sheath is made of latex.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, la chaîne cinématique entre ladite tige de commande et ledit arbre de commande comprend un mécanisme de rattrapage de jeu à ressort.In a particular embodiment, the kinematic chain between said control rod and said control shaft comprises a spring play take-up mechanism.

En variante, l'extrémité de la tige de commande comprend une portion tubulaire d'extrémité dans laquelle s'engage ladite tige mobile, ladite tige mobile comprenant une lumière dans laquelle est engagée une première goupille traversant ladite tige de commande, un ressort s'appuyant contre une première rondelle d'appui en contact avec ladite extrémité de la tige de commande, et contre une seconde rondelle d'appui engagée dans la tige mobile et maintenue par une seconde goupille traversant la tige mobile.Alternatively, the end of the control rod comprises a tubular end portion in which engages said movable rod, said movable rod comprising a lumen in which is engaged a first pin passing through said control rod, a spring s' pressing against a first support washer in contact with said end of the control rod, and against a second support washer engaged in the mobile rod and held by a second pin passing through the mobile rod.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la liaison mécanique dudit tube métallique avec l'ampoule à vide et la liaison électrique dudit tube métallique avec ladite tige mobile de contact est assurée au moyen d'un manchon fixé audit second flasque, d'une bague solidarisée audit manchon et audit tube et d'un contact du type accordéon ou bague disposé à l'intérieur de ladite bague et entourant ladite tige mobile de contact.In a particular embodiment, the mechanical connection of said metal tube with the vacuum interrupter and the electrical connection of said metal tube with said movable contact rod is ensured by means of a sleeve fixed to said second flange, of a ring secured to said sleeve and to said tube and a contact of the accordion or ring type disposed inside said ring and surrounding said movable contact rod.

En variante, la tige mobile est vissée à la tige de manoeuvre, le contact électrique entre ladite tige mobile et le tube métallique s'effectuant à l'aide d'un contact à lamelles.Alternatively, the movable rod is screwed to the operating rod, the electrical contact between said movable rod and the metal tube being effected by means of a lamella contact.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation,l'enveloppe isolante est surmoulée sur le tube métallique.In a particular embodiment, the insulating envelope is overmolded on the metal tube.

De préférence, ladite pièce d'extrémité comprend deux demi-colliers serrés sur ledit tube métallique et en butée sur l'extrémité de ladite seconde partie de la traversée isolante.Preferably, said end piece comprises two half-collars tightened on said metal tube and in abutment on the end of said second part of the insulating bushing.

Selon une caractéristique préférée de l'invention, un bobinage à noyau magnétique torique entoure ladite seconde partie de la traversée isolante, au niveau du congé de raccordement de ladite première et de ladite seconde partie de la traversée isolante.According to a preferred characteristic of the invention, a coil with a toric magnetic core surrounds said second part of the insulating bushing, at the connection fillet of said first and said second part of the insulating bushing.

L'invention sera bien comprise à la lecture de la description ci-après d'un exemple de réalisation de l'invention, en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un disjoncteur triphasé selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un pôle de disjoncteur selon l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe d'un pôle selon une variante de réalisation,
  • la figure 4 représente, de manière agrandie, les dispositions pour relier mécaniquement et électriquement le tube métallique et l'ampoule à vide,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne A-A de la figure 2,
  • la figure 5A est une vue en élévation en coupe d'un dispositif de rattrapage de jeu pour la commande des contacts de l'ampoule,
  • la figure 5B est une vue en élévation d'un pôle selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 5C montre la réalisation d'un "flambeau"lors du montage d'un pôle du disjoncteur auto-sectionneur,
  • la figure 5D montre une variante par rapport à la figure 5B,
  • la figure 6 est un schéma expliquant le mécanisme de de commande du disjoncteur,
  • la figure 6A est une vue en perspective d'une variante de réalisation des moyens de manoeuvre des ampoules à vide des pôles,
  • la figure 7 est un schéma d'un disjoncteur utilisant pour chaque phase, deux pôles en parallèle pour doubler le courant nominal,
  • la figure 8 est une vue schématique en élévation d'un disjoncteur à moyenne tension débrochable à accouplement frontal selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 9 est une vue schématique en élévation d'un disjoncteur à moyenne tension à accouplement en bout selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 10 est une vue schématique en élévation d'un disjoncteur à moyenne tension pour extérieur sur portique selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 11 est une vue schématique en élévation d'un disjoncteur à moyenne tension pour l'extérieur sur potence selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 12 est une vue schématique de face d'un disjoncteur pour l'extérieur, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention et agencé pour être sectionnable,
  • la figure 13 est une vue de côté, à petite échelle, du disjoncteur de la figure précédente, le tiroir contenant les pôles étant extrait.
The invention will be clearly understood on reading the description below of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a three-phase circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in axial section of a circuit breaker pole according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of a pole according to an alternative embodiment,
  • FIG. 4 shows, in an enlarged manner, the arrangements for mechanically and electrically connecting the metal tube and the vacuum interrupter,
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along the line AA in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 5A is a sectional elevation view of a play take-up device for controlling the contacts of the bulb,
  • FIG. 5B is an elevation view of a pole according to an alternative embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 5C shows the production of a "torch" during the mounting of a pole of the self-disconnecting circuit breaker,
  • FIG. 5D shows a variant with respect to FIG. 5B,
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram explaining the control mechanism of the circuit breaker,
  • FIG. 6A is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the means for operating the vacuum bulbs of the poles,
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of a circuit breaker using for each phase, two poles in parallel to double the nominal current,
  • FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic elevation view of a withdrawable medium-voltage circuit breaker with front coupling according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic elevation view of a medium voltage circuit breaker with end coupling according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic elevation view of a medium-voltage circuit breaker for exterior on a gantry according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic elevation view of a medium-voltage circuit breaker for the exterior on a bracket according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic front view of a circuit breaker for the exterior, according to an embodiment of the invention and arranged to be sectionable,
  • Figure 13 is a side view, on a small scale, of the circuit breaker of the previous figure, the drawer containing the poles being extracted.

La figure 1 représente en perspective un disjoncteur triphasé selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.Figure 1 shows in perspective a three-phase circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the invention.

Les pôles du disjoncteur sont référencés 1, 2 et 3: ils sont fixés à une poutre commune ou profilé métallique commun 4, servant de support, mais de constitution creuse pour lui permettre de contenir un arbre de commande 38 des pôles.The poles of the circuit breaker are referenced 1, 2 and 3: they are fixed to a common beam or common metal profile 4, serving as a support, but of hollow constitution to allow it to contain a control shaft 38 of the poles.

L'arbre de commande aboutit à un coffret de commande solidaire de la poutre.The control shaft ends in a control box secured to the beam.

La figure 2 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un pôle, par exemple le pôle 1, mais, bien entendu les pôles sont rigoureusement identiques et interchangeables.Figure 2 is an axial sectional view of a pole, for example pole 1, but, of course, the poles are strictly identical and interchangeable.

Le pôle comprend une traversée isolante 10, en résine ou en élastomère, munie d'ailettes 11. Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, les ailettes sont rapportées; en variante, elles viennent de moulage avec la traversée.The pole includes an insulating bushing 10, made of resin or elastomer, provided with fins 11. In a particular embodiment, the fins are attached; alternatively, they come from molding with the bushing.

Une première partie 10A de la traversée a une forme tubulaire et enferme une ampoule à vide 14 représentée schématiquement.A first part 10A of the crossing has a tubular shape and encloses a vacuum interrupter 14 shown diagrammatically.

L'ampoule à vide comprend une enveloppe isolante 15, de préférence en céramique, et deux plaques métalliques d'extrémité ou flasques 16 et 17. A la plaque 16 est fixée d'un côté une tige 18 portant un contact fixe 19 et de l'autre côté une première borne 20 du pôle.The vacuum interrupter comprises an insulating envelope 15, preferably made of ceramic, and two metal end plates or flanges 16 and 17. To the plate 16 is fixed on one side a rod 18 carrying a fixed contact 19 and the 'other side a first terminal 20 of the pole.

L'ampoule à vide comprend un contact mobile 21 porté par une tige 22 coulissant de manière étanche à travers la plaque 17 grâce à un soufflet d'étanchéité 23.The vacuum interrupter comprises a movable contact 21 carried by a rod 22 sliding in leaktight manner through the plate 17 thanks to a sealing bellows 23.

La surface intérieure de la partie 10A de la traversée est munie de rainures 12 parallèles à l'axe de la traversée et servant de canaux de ventilation, comme il sera expliqué plus loin.The inner surface of the portion 10A of the crossing is provided with grooves 12 parallel to the axis of the crossing and serving as ventilation channels, as will be explained later.

On notera que les dimensions de la partie 10A de la traversée et en particulier son diamètre intérieur sont choisis de préférence pour permettre de loger les ampoules à vide de plus grandes dimensions. Si on veut loger une ampoule à vide de plus petites dimensions, on interposera, comme il est montré dans la figure 3, entre l'intérieur de la traversée 10A et l'ampoule à vide 14, une cage cylindrique 13, en matériau isolant tel que la résine, munie de rainures extérieures 13A définissant avec la surface latérale de l'ampoule à vide des canaux de ventilation.It will be noted that the dimensions of the part 10A of the bushing and in particular its internal diameter are preferably chosen to allow the vacuum bulbs of larger dimensions to be accommodated. If we want to accommodate a vacuum bulb of smaller dimensions, we will interpose, as shown in Figure 3, between the interior of the bushing 10A and the vacuum bulb 14, a cylindrical cage 13, of insulating material such as the resin, provided with external grooves 13A defining with the lateral surface of the vacuum interrupter ventilation channels.

En revenant à la figure 2, on voit que la traversée isolante 10 comporte une seconde partie 10B, également tubulaire, mais de diamètre plus petit que celui de la partie 10A et raccordée à cette dernière par un congé 10C. La surface intérieure de la partie 10B est conique, l'épaisseur de la traversée augmentant à partir du congé 10C et au fur à mesure que l'on s'en éloigne. Bien entendu, les parties 10A et 10B ne constituent qu'une seule pièce venue de moulage.Returning to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the insulating bushing 10 comprises a second part 10B, also tubular, but of smaller diameter than that of the part 10A and connected to the latter by a leave 10C. The interior surface of the part 10B is conical, the thickness of the crossing increasing from the leave 10C and as one moves away from it. Of course, the parts 10A and 10B constitute only one piece coming from molding.

La partie tubulaire 10B contient un tube métallique 25, de préférence en cuivre, solidarisé à l'ampoule à vide comme on le montrera en référence à la figure 5, et en contact électrique avec la tige mobile 22 de l'ampoule à vide. Le tube 25 sert à acheminer le courant entre l'ampoule à vide et une pièce complexe 26 servant en particulier de seconde borne au pôle.The tubular part 10B contains a metal tube 25, preferably made of copper, secured to the vacuum interrupter as will be shown with reference to FIG. 5, and in electrical contact with the movable rod 22 of the vacuum interrupter. The tube 25 serves to convey the current between the vacuum interrupter and a complex part 26 serving in particular as a second terminal at the pole.

La tenue diélectrique entre la traversée 10B et le tube métallique 25 est assurée au moyen d'une gaine 27, en matériau isolant tel que le latex, et présentant une forme générale tubulaire à section intérieure cylindrique et à section extérieure conique et complémentaire de la surface intérieure de la partie 10B de la traversée isolante. Au montage, cette gaine est glissée autour du tube métallique 25, le glissement étant facilité par l'emploi d'une graisse isolante par exemple à base de silicone. Puis la surface extérieure de la gaine est enduite de la même graisse et engagée dans la partie 10B de la traversée isolante, en exerçant une pression de manière à assurer l'élimination d'air. Le maintien en compression de la gaine est assuré grâce à un moyen d'arrêt tel qu'un circlips 28 engagé dans une rainure du tube 25.The dielectric strength between the bushing 10B and the metal tube 25 is ensured by means of a sheath 27, made of an insulating material such as latex, and having a generally tubular shape with a cylindrical internal section and a conical external section complementary to the surface. inside of part 10B of the insulating bushing. During assembly, this sheath is slid around the metal tube 25, slipping being facilitated by the use of an insulating grease, for example based on silicone. Then the outer surface of the sheath is coated with the same grease and engaged in part 10B of the insulating bushing, applying pressure so as to ensure elimination of air. Maintaining the sheath in compression is ensured by means of a stop means such as a circlip 28 engaged in a groove in the tube 25.

L'appareil est fixé au profilé 4 au moyen d'un collier de fixation 29.The device is fixed to the profile 4 by means of a fixing collar 29.

La manoeuvre d'ouverture ou de fermeture de l'ampoule à vide est assurée au moyen d'une tige 30, par exemple métallique, coulissant à l'intérieur du tube 25, et solidarisée à la tige 22. Cette tige est articulée en 31 à un levier de renvoi 32 lui-même articulé en 33 sur la pièce 26. L'extrémité du levier 32 est articulé en 34 à une première extrémité d'une tringle isolante 35 dont la seconde extrémité est articulée en 36 à une première extrémité d'une bielle 3 7 dont une seconde extrémité est calée sur l'arbre de commande 38 placé dans la poutre 4.The opening or closing operation of the vacuum interrupter is ensured by means of a rod 30, for example metal, sliding inside the tube 25, and secured to the rod 22. This rod is articulated at 31 to a return lever 32 itself articulated at 33 on the part 26. The end of the lever 32 is articulated at 34 to a first end of an insulating rod 35 whose second end is articulated at 36 to a first end d 'a connecting rod 3 7, a second end of which is wedged on the control shaft 38 placed in the beam 4.

Le tube de cuivre porte, au voisinage de la plaque 17, des trous 25A dont le rôle est expliqué maintenant.The copper tube carries, in the vicinity of the plate 17, holes 25A whose role is explained now.

Lors du passage du courant nominal dans l'ampoule à vide, celle-ci subit un échauffement dû à l'effet Joule. Le refroidissement de l'ampoule est assurée par une circulation d'air qui s'engage dans la pièce 26, traverse l'espace annulaire entre la tige de manoeuvre et le tube 25, traverse les trous 25A et s'engage dans les rainures 12 de la partie 10A de la traverséeWhen the nominal current passes through the vacuum bulb, it undergoes heating due to the Joule effect. The cooling of the bulb is ensured by an air circulation which engages in the part 26, passes through the annular space between the operating rod and the tube 25, passes through the holes 25A and engages in the grooves 12 of part 10A of the crossing

On se reportera à la figure 4 qui montre comment le tube métallique 25 est fixé mécaniquement à l'ampoule à vide 14 et comment le courant peut passer de la tige mobile 22 au tube 25.Reference will be made to FIG. 4 which shows how the metal tube 25 is mechanically fixed to the vacuum interrupter 14 and how the current can pass from the movable rod 22 to the tube 25.

Les ampoules à vide comprennent habituellement un capot métallique soudé à la plaque 17 et qui contient un palier pour la tige mobile 22. Pour les besoins de l'invention, le capot est modifié et transformé en un manchon 15A fileté intérieurement auquel on peut visser une bague métallique 15B. Le tube 25 est engagé à l'intérieur de cette bague et solidarisé à la bague par brasage ou vissage. La bague et le tube définissent alors un épaulement contre lequel s'appuie un contact de type accordéon ou une douille de contact 15C.Vacuum bulbs usually include a metal cover welded to the plate 17 and which contains a bearing for the movable rod 22. For the purposes of the invention, the cover is modified and transformed into a sleeve 15A internally threaded to which a metal ring 15B can be screwed. The tube 25 is engaged inside this ring and secured to the ring by brazing or screwing. The ring and the tube then define a shoulder against which an accordion type contact or a contact socket 15C rests.

La forme et le rôle de la pièce 26 sont précisés en référence à la figure 5. On voit que la pièce 26 comprend deux demi-colliers 41 et 42 pouvant être serrés au moyen de vis 43, 44. Ces colliers enserrent l'extrémité du tube conducteur 25 avec une pression de contact suffisante pour assurer un bon passage du courant. Les demi-colliers venant en butée contre l'extrémité de la traversée 10B assurent l'immobilisation en translation axiale du tube 25 et de l'ampoule à vide 14 qui en est solidaire.The shape and role of the part 26 are specified with reference to FIG. 5. It can be seen that the part 26 comprises two half-collars 41 and 42 which can be tightened by means of screws 43, 44. These collars enclose the end of the conductive tube 25 with sufficient contact pressure to ensure good current flow. The half-collars abutting against the end of the bushing 10B immobilize in axial translation the tube 25 and the vacuum interrupter 14 which is integral therewith.

Des ergots 45 portés par les demi-colliers coopèrent avec des alvéoles pratiqués dans l'extrémité de la traversée 10B pour immobiliser le tube 25 et par suite, l'ampoule à vide 14, en rotation.Lugs 45 carried by the half-collars cooperate with cells made in the end of the bushing 10B to immobilize the tube 25 and consequently, the vacuum interrupter 14, in rotation.

Deux des oreilles 46 et 47 des demi-colliers se prolongent pour constituer la seconde borne 48 du pôle.Two of the ears 46 and 47 of the half-collars extend to constitute the second terminal 48 of the pole.

La vis 44 sert d'articulation 33 pour le levier 32.The screw 44 serves as an articulation 33 for the lever 32.

Les colliers portent une échancrure 49 pour permettre le montage de l'articulation 31.The collars carry a notch 49 to allow the mounting of the articulation 31.

Le pôle est complété par un capteur de courant 50, sous forme d'un bobinage à circuit magnétique torique; si les ailettes sont du type ailettes rapportées, le bobinage torique peut être fermé et glissé autour de la traversée 10B avant la pose des ailettes 11. Si les ailettes viennent de moulage avec la traversée, le circuit magnétique est de type ouvert.The pole is completed by a current sensor 50, in the form of a coil with a toric magnetic circuit; if the fins are of the attached fin type, the toroidal winding can be closed and slid around the bushing 10B before fitting the fins 11. If the fins are molded with the bushing, the magnetic circuit is of the open type.

Les capteurs de courant dont sont munis les pôles permettent de détecter un courant anormal de surcharge ou de court-circuit dans les pôles, et de commander l'ouverture du disjoncteur; le relais à maximum de courant à action directe et pour lequel il n'est pas nécessaire de disposer d'une source d'énergie auxiliaire, peut être placé dans le coffret de commande 5. En cas de claquage de la traversée au droit de la poutre métallique, le capteur de courant détecte le défaut à la terre et provoque le déclenchement.The current sensors with which the poles are fitted make it possible to detect an abnormal overload or short-circuit current in the poles, and to order the opening of the circuit breaker; the overcurrent relay with direct action and for which it is not necessary to have an auxiliary energy source, can be placed in the control box 5. In the event of a breakdown of the bushing in line with the metal beam, the current sensor detects the earth fault and triggers.

L'extérieur de la traversée, au droit du tore 50 et du collier 29 de support de la poutre 4, est revêtu d'une métallisation pour égaliser le potentiel qui est celui de la terre.The outside of the crossing, in line with the torus 50 and the collar 29 for supporting the beam 4, is coated with a metallization to equalize the potential which is that of the earth.

Le tore peut être équipé d'un capot pare-effluves 51 maintenu en place par des moyens conventionnels non représentés.The torus can be equipped with a corona hood 51 held in place by conventional means not shown.

L'examen de la figure 2 montre la présence, entre le flasque 17 et la portion intermédiaire 10C de la traversée, d'un volume rempli par de l'air. Sans précautions particulières, ce volume serait l'objet d'un fort gradient de potentiel pouvant entraîner des décharges partielles qui à la longue peuvent être destructrices. Pour éviter cet inconvénient, la traversée comprend, au droit du volume précité, un grillage métallique 51A inséré lors du moulage de la traversée, et qui est mis au potentiel du tube métallique 25. De la sorte, la tension simple est appliquée sur la seule partie isolante.The examination of FIG. 2 shows the presence, between the flange 17 and the intermediate portion 10C of the crossing, of a volume filled with air. Without special precautions, this volume would be subject to a strong potential gradient which could lead to partial discharges which in the long run can be destructive. To avoid this drawback, the bushing comprises, in line with the aforementioned volume, a metal mesh 51A inserted during the molding of the bushing, and which is set to the potential of the metal tube 25. In this way, the simple tension is applied to the single insulating part.

La tige de manoeuvre 30 peut comprendre un organe de rattrapage de jeu comportant une cage munie d'un ressort 53; cet organe de rattrapage de jeu peut aussi, en variante, être disposé en tout endroit de la chaîne cinématique reliant la tige 22 et l'arbre de commande 38 disposé dans la poutre 4.The operating rod 30 may comprise a play take-up member comprising a cage provided with a spring 53; this play take-up member can also, as a variant, be arranged at any location of the kinematic chain connecting the rod 22 and the control shaft 38 disposed in the beam 4.

Cette cage pouvant dans certains cas être trop encombrante pour être placée à l'intérieur du tube métallique 25, il est possible de la remplacer par le dispositif décrit ci-après en référence à la figure 5A.This cage can in some cases be too bulky to be placed inside the metal tube 25, it is possible to replace it with the device described below with reference to FIG. 5A.

Au moins l'extrémité de la tige de commande présente une portion tubulaire 30A dans laquelle s'engage l'extrémité de la tige mobile 22 de l'ampoule. La tige mobile métallique 22 comporte une lumière 22A dans laquelle est engagée une première goupille 22B traversant la tige 30. Un ressort 22C est disposé entre une première rondelle d'appui 22D en contact avec l'extrémité de la partie tubulaire 30A, et une seconde rondelle 22E engagée dans la tige 22 et maintenue par une seconde goupille 22F traversant la tige 22. En position de fermeture des contacts de l'ampoule, la tige 30 comprime le ressort 22C qui transmet sans jeu l'effort à la tige mobile 22. A l'ouverture, la tige 30 tire la tige 22. On notera que l'ensemble de rattrapage de jeu est guidé dans le tube conducteur 25 par les rondelles 22D et 22E d'appui du ressort. Les rondelles portent des trous ou échancrures à leur périphérie pour permettre le passage du flux d'air de refroidissement de l'ampoule.At least the end of the control rod has a tubular portion 30A in which engages the end of the movable rod 22 of the bulb. The movable metal rod 22 includes a light 22A in which is engaged a first pin 22B passing through the rod 30. A spring 22C is disposed between a first support washer 22D in contact with the end of the tubular part 30A, and a second washer 22E engaged in the rod 22 and held by a second pin 22F passing through the rod 22. In the closed position of the bulb contacts, the rod 30 compresses the spring 22C which transmits the force to the movable rod 22 without play. At the opening, the rod 30 pulls the rod 22. It will be noted that the play take-up assembly is guided in the conductive tube 25 by the washers 22D and 22E supporting the spring. The washers have holes or indentations at their periphery to allow the passage of the air flow for cooling the bulb.

On a indiqué que seule l'extrémité de la tige de commande était réalisée sous forme tubulaire; en variante, la tige de commande pourrait être un tube sur toute sa longueur.It was indicated that only the end of the control rod was made in tubular form; alternatively, the control rod could be a tube over its entire length.

La figure 5B est une vue en élévation en coupe axiale d'un pôle selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention. Les éléments communs aux figures 2 et 5B ont reçu les mêmes numéros de référence. Le tube de cuivre 25 présente une partie supérieure 25B élargie par repoussage pour venir constituer la partie inférieure du logement de l'ampoule à vide; la tige de manoeuvre 30 est directement vissée au contact mobile 21 de l'ampoule à vide; le contact électrique entre la tige 22 de l'ampoule à vide et le tube 25 est assuré par un contact à lamelles 15D. La partie supérieure de la partie 10A de la traversée est fermée par une plaque 16A vissée par des vis 16B coopérant avec des inserts venus de moulage avec la traversée isolante. La plaque 16A porte des lames 16C constituant à la fois le contact électrique et des éléments de refroidissement de l'ampoule à vide.Figure 5B is an elevational view in axial section of a pole according to an alternative embodiment of the invention. The elements common to FIGS. 2 and 5B have been given the same reference numbers. The copper tube 25 has an upper part 25B widened by pushing back to form the lower part of the housing of the vacuum interrupter; the operating rod 30 is directly screwed to the movable contact 21 of the vacuum interrupter; the electrical contact between the rod 22 of the vacuum interrupter and the tube 25 is ensured by a strip contact 15D. The upper part of the part 10A of the bushing is closed by a plate 16A screwed by screws 16B cooperating with inserts came from molding with the insulating bushing. The plate 16A carries blades 16C constituting both the electrical contact and the cooling elements of the vacuum interrupter.

Lors du moulage de la traversée isolante 10, le tube 25 est placé comme insert et se trouve donc parfaitement positionné par rapport à la matière isolante.During the molding of the insulating bushing 10, the tube 25 is placed as an insert and is therefore perfectly positioned with respect to the insulating material.

Pour le montage du pôle, on commence par réaliser un "flambeau" comprenant, comme le montre la figure 5C, l'ampoule à vide, 14, la tige de manoeuvre 30 vissée au contact mobile de l'ampoule à vide, le contact à lamelles 15D, le dispositif de rattrapage de jeu 53 et la plaque de fermeture 16A. Ce flambeau est alors inséré dans l'enveloppe isolante 10. Il reste alors à fixer la pièce 26, le levier 32 et la tringle isolante 35.For mounting the pole, we start by making a "torch" comprising, as shown in Figure 5C, the vacuum interrupter, 14, the operating rod 30 screwed to the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter, the contact to lamellae 15D, the clearance take-up device 53 and the closure plate 16A. This torch is then inserted into the insulating envelope 10. It then remains to fix the part 26, the lever 32 and the insulating rod 35.

La figure 5D illustre une variante de réalisation; les éléments communs à la figure 5D est aux figures 2 et 5B ont reçu les mêmes numéros de référence.FIG. 5D illustrates an alternative embodiment; the elements common to FIG. 5D is to FIGS. 2 and 5B have been given the same reference numbers.

Le tube de cuivre 30 est de dimension courte et placé à la partie inférieure de la partie 10B de la traversée isolante; il coopère avec un contact à lamelles 15D placé directement sur la tige mobile 22 de l'ampoule à vide, à laquelle on a donné une longueur suffisante. Le dispositif de rattrapage de jeu 43 est placé sur la tringle isolante 33.The copper tube 30 is of short dimension and placed at the lower part of the part 10B of the insulating bushing; it cooperates with a lamellar contact 15D placed directly on the movable rod 22 of the vacuum interrupter, to which a sufficient length has been given. The play take-up device 43 is placed on the insulating rod 33.

Le coffret de commande 5 contient, outre le relais à maximum de courant dont il a été question plus haut, le mécanisme de mise en rotation de l'arbre de commande 38, permettant de communiquer à la tige 30 des mouvements de translation pour assurer des cycles d'ouverture et de fermeture de l'ampoule à vide. La figure 6 est un schéma de principe de ce mécanisme dont l'intérêt est qu'il est directement lié à l'arbre de commande 38 du disjoncteur. Il suffit de donner le principe de ce mécanisme; sa mise en oeuvre est à la portée de l'homme de métier qui pourra utilement se référer aux Techniques de l'Ingénieur, "Appareillage électrique d'interruption à haute tension", par Eugène MAURY, D 657-4, page 49.The control box 5 contains, in addition to the overcurrent relay mentioned above, the mechanism for rotating the control shaft 38, making it possible to communicate to the rod 30 translational movements to ensure vacuum bulb opening and closing cycles. Figure 6 is a block diagram of this mechanism whose advantage is that it is directly linked to the tree of circuit breaker control 38. It suffices to give the principle of this mechanism; its implementation is within the reach of those skilled in the art who can usefully refer to the Engineering Techniques, "Electrical equipment for high voltage interruption", by Eugène MAURY, D 657-4, page 49.

Dans la figure 6, on reconnaît l'arbre 38 disposé à l'intérieur de la poutre 4 reliée au boîtier de commande.In Figure 6, we recognize the shaft 38 disposed inside the beam 4 connected to the control unit.

Le mécanisme comprend un tambour 80 muni d'un ressort et qui constitue le réservoir d'énergie de manoeuvre. Un moto-réducteur 81 permet d'entraîner le tambour pour réarmer le ressort. Le tambour entraîne en rotation un arbre 82 tournant toujours dans le même sens sous l'action de la détente du ressort; cet arbre est associé à des dispositifs d'accrochage 83 à commande électrique ou manuelle, permettant de réaliser les cycles habituels d'ouverture et de fermeture (par exemple un cycle o, 0,1sF, o). Un dispositif excentrique 84 permet de transformer le mouvement à sens unique de l'arbre 82 en un mouvement circulaire alternatif communiqué à l'arbre de commande 38 des pôles du disjoncteur.The mechanism comprises a drum 80 provided with a spring and which constitutes the reservoir of operating energy. A gear motor 81 makes it possible to drive the drum to reset the spring. The drum drives in rotation a shaft 82 always rotating in the same direction under the action of the rebound of the spring; this shaft is associated with hooking devices 83 with electric or manual control, making it possible to carry out the usual opening and closing cycles (for example a cycle o, 0.1sF, o). An eccentric device 84 makes it possible to transform the one-way movement of the shaft 82 into an alternating circular movement communicated to the control shaft 38 of the poles of the circuit breaker.

Le mécanisme comporte, comme il est bien connu, un organe de réarmement manuel comportant une manivelle 85 visible en particulier dans la figure 1.The mechanism comprises, as is well known, a manual resetting member comprising a crank 85 visible in particular in FIG. 1.

Dans ce qui précède, on a vu que la manoeuvre des ampoules à vide se faisait grâce à la rotation de l'arbre de commande 38. La figure 6A illustre une variante de réalisation dans laquelle l'arbre 38 est animé d'un mouvement de translation appelé aussi tire-pousse. Ce mouvement est communiqué au levier 32 de manière connue, grâce par exemple à un levier 32A et à une bielle coudée 32B.In the foregoing, it has been seen that the operation of the vacuum ampoules was carried out by means of the rotation of the control shaft 38. FIG. 6A illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the shaft 38 is driven by a movement of translation also called rickshaw. This movement is communicated to the lever 32 in a known manner, for example by means of a lever 32A and a bent connecting rod 32B.

L'invention s'applique typiquement à la réalisation d'un disjoncteur en moyenne tension, pouvant aller jusqu'à une tension nominale de 36 kV et un courant nominale de 1250 A.The invention typically applies to the production of a medium-voltage circuit breaker, up to a nominal voltage of 36 kV and a nominal current of 1250 A.

Il est possible de doubler la valeur du courant nominal en utilisant des paires de pôles disposées en parallèle, comme le montre la figure 7.It is possible to double the value of the nominal current using pairs of poles arranged in parallel, as shown in Figure 7.

La figure 7 montre les paires de pôles 1, 1'; 2,2' et 3, 3' disposés sur la même poutre 4 avec le même arbre de commande 38 et le même coffret de commande 5.Figure 7 shows the pairs of poles 1, 1 '; 2,2 'and 3, 3' arranged on the same beam 4 with the same control shaft 38 and the same control box 5.

Les extrémités des pôles sont réunies deux à deux pour constituer des bornes 61A, 61B, 61C et 62A, 62B et 62C.The ends of the poles are joined two by two to form terminals 61A, 61B, 61C and 62A, 62B and 62C.

Un tel disjoncteur peut fonctionner avec une tension nominale de 36 kV et un courant nominal de 2500 A. Bien entendu, le disjoncteur de l'invention peut couvrir toute la gamme des disjoncteurs à moyenne tension soit 7,2 , 12, 24 et 36 kV.Such a circuit breaker can operate with a nominal voltage of 36 kV and a nominal current of 2500 A. Of course, the circuit breaker of the invention can cover the whole range of medium voltage circuit breakers, namely 7.2, 12, 24 and 36 kV .

L'invention s'applique à la réalisation de disjoncteurs à moyenne tension destinés à être utilisés soit à l'intérieur, soit à l'extérieur.The invention applies to the production of medium-voltage circuit breakers intended to be used either indoors or outdoors.

La figure 8 illustre un disjoncteur du type intérieur à accouplement frontal.FIG. 8 illustrates a circuit breaker of the interior type with front coupling.

Le disjoncteur comporte trois pôles du type décrit précédemment. Ces pôles sont alignés sur un profilé support commun 4. Seul le pôle 71 est visible dans la figure 8 puisqu'il s'agit d'une vue de côté. Un châssis 72, muni de roulettes 73 permettant le déplacement sur des rails 74, porte la poutre 4 et le boîtier de commande 5. Le mécanisme de commande est complété par un embiellage comprenant une manivelle 75 et une bielle 76. Les bornes des pôles sont prolongées par des connexions d'embrochage 77 et 78.The circuit breaker has three poles of the type described above. These poles are aligned on a common support profile 4. Only the pole 71 is visible in Figure 8 since it is a side view. A chassis 72, fitted with rollers 73 allowing movement on rails 74, carries the beam 4 and the control unit 5. The control mechanism is completed by a connecting rod assembly comprising a crank 75 and a connecting rod 76. The terminals of the poles are extended by racking-in connections 77 and 78.

L'utilisation de ce type de disjoncteur est principalement l'équipement de cellules débrochables de l'art antérieur, soit neuves, soit anciennes pour lesquelles on veut remplacer par des ampoules à vide des appareils de technologie ancienne (disjoncteurs à faible volume d'huile par exemple). On notera que pour les installations intérieures, le disjoncteur est enfermé dans une cellule métallique.The use of this type of circuit breaker is mainly the equipment of withdrawable cells of the prior art, either new or old for which we want to replace with vacuum bulbs old technology devices (low oil circuit breakers for example). Note that for indoor installations, the circuit breaker is enclosed in a metal cell.

La figure 9 représente un disjoncteur à accouplement de bout. On distingue la poutre support 4 des trois pôles 91, 92 et 93 supportée par un châssis métallique 94. Le boîtier de commande 5 est monté perpendiculairement au profilé support de telle sorte que l'arbre de commande des pôles 38 est en prise directe avec le mécanisme de commande. L'utilisation de ce type de disjoncteur, prévu pour l'intérieur, est principalement l'équipement de cellules fixes généralement équipées de sectionneurs d'isolement; il s'agit soit de cellules anciennes à rénover, soit de cellules neuves dans lequel on souhaite utiliser des ampoules à vide.FIG. 9 represents a circuit breaker with end coupling. We distinguish the support beam 4 from the three poles 91, 92 and 93 supported by a metal frame 94. The control unit 5 is mounted perpendicular to the support profile so that the pole control shaft 38 is in direct contact with the control mechanism. The use of this type of circuit breaker, intended for the interior, is mainly the equipment of fixed cells generally equipped with isolation switches; these are either old cells to be renovated, or new cells in which one wishes to use vacuum ampoules.

L'invention s'applique à la réalisations de disjoncteurs pour l'extérieur, moyennant les adaptations usuelles contre les intempéries (utilisation d'isolants résistant à la pollution et au rayonnement ultra-violet, protection des pôles contre la pénétration d'eau ou de neige, galvanisation des châssis, tropicalisation des bobines, etc...).The invention applies to the production of circuit breakers for the outside, by means of the usual adaptations against bad weather (use of insulation resistant to pollution and to ultra-violet radiation, protection of the poles against the penetration of water or snow, galvanizing of the chassis, tropicalization of the coils, etc ...).

La figure 10 illustre un disjoncteur de type fixe avec accouplement en bout.Figure 10 illustrates a fixed type circuit breaker with end coupling.

La poutre 4 portant les pôles 101, 102 et 103 est réalisée en acier galvanisé. Elle est portée par un portique en même métal. La commande 5, au sol, coopère avec une tringle 105 et un renvoi d'angle 106 pour actionner l'arbre de commande 38 disposé dans la poutre support.The beam 4 carrying the poles 101, 102 and 103 is made of galvanized steel. It is carried by a portico of the same metal. The control 5, on the ground, cooperates with a rod 105 and a bevel gear 106 to actuate the control shaft 38 disposed in the support beam.

Les pôles sont munis d'un capot métallique de protection 101A, 102A et 103A qui abrite les ampoules des intempéries, en particulier empêche l'introduction d'eau de pluie, sans empêcher la ventilation. Les traversées des pôles sont avantageusement réalisées en résine époxy cyclohaliphatiqueThe poles are provided with a metal protective cover 101A, 102A and 103A which shelters the bulbs from bad weather, in particular prevents the introduction of rainwater, without preventing ventilation. The pole crossings are advantageously made of cyclohaliphatic epoxy resin

Dans une variante de réalisation illustrée dans la figure 11, le portique peut être remplacé par un simple pylône 107 constituant avec la poutre 4 une potence.In an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11, the gantry can be replaced by a simple pylon 107 constituting with the beam 4 a bracket.

Les figures 12 et 13 illustrent une autre application qui est celle d'un disjoncteur (appelé aussi recloser), du type sectionnable , utilisé en extérieur.Figures 12 and 13 illustrate another application which is that of a circuit breaker (also called recloser), of the sectionable type, used outdoors.

La poutre 4 support des pôles 111, 112 et 113 est montée pivotante dans un tiroir 114 pouvant coulisser dans un châssis 115 porté par un pylône 116. Le boîtier de commande est solidaire de la poutre 4. Le châssis porte également les supports isolants 121, 122, 123 d'arrivée et 131, 132 et 133 de départ de la ligne 117.The beam 4 supporting the poles 111, 112 and 113 is pivotally mounted in a drawer 114 which can slide in a chassis 115 carried by a pylon 116. The control unit is integral with the beam 4. The chassis also carries the insulating supports 121, 122, 123 of arrival and 131, 132 and 133 of departure of line 117.

Lorsque le disjoncteur est en position déclenchée, la poutre 4 peut être tournée sur elle-même de 90 degrés. Les pôles sont alors débrochés et contenus à l'intérieur du tiroir 114. Le tiroir peut être partiellement extrait (figure 13), ce qui permet l'examen visuel, l'entretien ou le remplacement d'un ou plusieurs pôles. Un grillage de protection 118 permet la protection du personnel d'entretien qui accède au tiroir au moyen d'une échelle 119.When the circuit breaker is in the tripped position, the beam 4 can be turned about 90 degrees. The poles are then withdrawn and contained inside the drawer 114. The drawer can be partially extracted (Figure 13), which allows visual examination, maintenance or replacement of one or more poles. A protective mesh 118 allows the protection of maintenance personnel who access the drawer by means of a ladder 119.

Claims (22)

  1. A medium-tension circuit-breaker comprising one pole per phase, each pole comprising an insulating feedthrough (10) including a cylindrical first portion (10A) containing a vacuum bottle (14), said vacuum bottle comprising an insulating case (15) closed by first and second metal endplates (16, 17), the first metal endplate (16) carrying a first terminal (20) outside the case and a fixed contact (18) inside the case, the second endplate (17) having a moving metal rod (22) passing therethrough in sealed manner and carrying a moving contact (21), the second endplate (17) being electrically connected to said moving rod (22), the circuit-breaker being characterized in that the insulating feedthrough (10) further includes a second cylindrical portion (10B) having a metal tube (25) disposed coaxially therein, which metal tube is mechanically connected to the vacuum bottle (14) and is electrically connected to said moving rod (22), said tube (25) comprising a drive rod (30) connected to said moving metal rod (22), the insulating feedthroughs (10) of each of the poles being fixed to a common metal bar (4) disposed substantially at the junction between the first and second portions (10A, 10B) of each feedthrough (10), said bar (4) containing a control shaft (10A) common to the poles and connected to a drive mechanism, the control rod (30) of each pole being mechanically connected to said shaft (38) by means of a lever (32) hinged on an endpiece (26) that is secured to the metal tube (25), and an insulating arm (25) having a first end hinged to said lever (32) and having a second end hinged to a crank (37) secured to said shaft, said endpiece (26) being mechanically and electrically connected to said metal tube (25) and constituting a second terminal (48) of the pole.
  2. A circuit-breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the first portion (10A) of said insulating feedthrough (10) includes inside grooves (12) that are parallel with the axis of the feedthrough and that co-operate with the outside wall of the vacuum bottle to define ventilation channels so that air flowing through said metal tube (25) penetrates into said channels via holes (25A) in said tube.
  3. A circuit-breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control shaft (38) is a rotary shaft.
  4. A circuit-breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control shaft (38) is a shaft which is moved in translation along its own axis.
  5. A circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1, 3, and 4, characterized in that the vacuum bottle (14) is placed in a cylindrical cage made of resin (13) disposed inside said first portion (10A) of the feedthrough (10).
  6. A circuit-breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that said resin cage (13) includes inside grooves (13A) parallel to its axis and co-operating with the wall of the vacuum bottle (14) to define ventilation channels, the air flowing in the metal tube (25) penetrating into said channels via holes (25A) in said tube.
  7. A circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the dielectric strength between said metal tube (25) and said second portion (10B) of the insulating feedthrough is provided by a sheath (27) of insulating material slid over said metal tube (25) and engaged in said second portion (10B), assembly being facilitated by using an insulating grease.
  8. A circuit-breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that said sheath (27) is made of latex.
  9. A circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the moving parts between said control rod (30) and said control shaft (38) include a sprung backlash take-up mechanism (53).
  10. A circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the end of the control rod (30) includes a tubular end portion (30A) in which said moving rod (22) is engaged, said moving rod (22) having a slot (22A) in which a first pin (22B) is engaged that passes through said control rod, a spring (22C) bearing against a first thrust washer (22D) in contact with said end of the control rod (30), and against a second thrust washer (22E) engaged in the moving rod (22) and held by a second pin (22F) that passes through the moving rod (22).
  11. A circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the mechanical connection between said metal tube (25) and the vacuum bottle (14), and the electrical connection between said metal tube (25) and said moving contact rod (22) are provided by means of a sleeve (15A) fixed to said second endplate (17), a ring (15B) secured to said sleeve (15A) and to said tube (25), and a ring or concertina-type contact (15C) disposed inside said ring and surrounding said moving contact rod (22).
  12. A circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the moving rod (22) is screwed to the drive rod, electrical contact between said moving rod (22) and the metal tube being provided by means of a set of contact springs (15D).
  13. A circuit-breaker according to claim 12, characterized in that the insulating case is molded over the metal tube (25).
  14. A circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said endpiece (26) comprises two half-collars (41, 42) clamped on said metal tube (25) and in abutment against the end of said second portion (10B) of the insulating feedthrough (10).
  15. A circuit-breaker according to claim 14, characterized in that the half-collars (41, 42) include studs (45) that co-operate with recesses formed in said second portion (10B) of the insulating feedthrough (10) to prevent said metal tube (25) from rotating.
  16. A circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a coil having a toroidal metal core (50) surrounds said second portion (10B) of the insulating feedthrough (10), level with the throat (10C) interconnecting said first and second portions (10A, 10B) of the insulating feedthrough (10).
  17. A medium-tension circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the poles (71) and the control box are fixed to a moving chassis (72), the pluggable connections (77, 78) of the poles of the circuit breaker being disposed so as to enable front plugging-in, the control shaft (38) for the poles being connected to the control box (5) via a linkage (75, 76).
  18. A medium-tension circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the poles (91, 92, 93) are carried by said common support bar (4) containing the common control shaft (38) directly engaged with the control box (5) secured to said bar (4), the bar (4) being carried by a chassis (94), and the poles (91, 92, 93) of the circuit-breaker being organized to enable end-on coupling.
  19. A medium-tension circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 16, suitable for outdoor installation, the circuit-breaker being characterized in that the common bar (4) supporting the poles (101, 102, 103) and containing the common control shaft is carried by a gantry (105) or by a bracket (107), the control mechanism contained in the control box placed in the vicinity of the ground being connected to said control shaft (38) by means of a rod (105) and an angle take-off (106).
  20. A medium-tension circuit-breaker according to claim 19, characterized in that each of the poles (101, 102, 103) is surmounted by a protective cap (101A, 102A, 103A) preventing rain penetrating therein but allowing the vacuum bottle (14) to be ventilated.
  21. A medium-tension circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 16, for outdoor use, the circuit-breaker being characterized in that the bar (4) carrying the three poles (111, 112, 113) is disposed so as to move inside a drawer (114) carried by a frame (115) itself placed at the top of a pylon (116), the circuit breaker being capable by rotation through 90° of being disconnected from connectors carried by the insulators (121, 122, 123; 131, 132, 133) supporting the line (117). the drawer being capable of being pulled out in part in order to enable the poles to be maintained or replaced.
  22. A medium-tension circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that each pole (1, 2, 3) is associated with an identical pole (1', 2', 3') connected in parallel to enable the nominal current thereof to be doubled.
EP92401816A 1991-11-20 1992-06-26 Middle voltage circuit breaker for inside or outside Expired - Lifetime EP0543681B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9114312A FR2683940B1 (en) 1991-11-20 1991-11-20 MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR INDOOR OR OUTDOOR USE.
FR9114312 1991-11-20

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EP0543681A1 EP0543681A1 (en) 1993-05-26
EP0543681B1 true EP0543681B1 (en) 1997-07-30

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EP92401816A Expired - Lifetime EP0543681B1 (en) 1991-11-20 1992-06-26 Middle voltage circuit breaker for inside or outside

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EP (1) EP0543681B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07114093B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1031020C (en)
AT (1) ATE156300T1 (en)
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CA (1) CA2083301C (en)
DE (1) DE69221264T2 (en)
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ES (1) ES2103908T3 (en)
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GR (1) GR3025127T3 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2683940B1 (en) 1993-12-31
CA2083301C (en) 1996-01-16
MX9206632A (en) 1993-06-01
CN1073800A (en) 1993-06-30
JPH07114093B2 (en) 1995-12-06
ATE156300T1 (en) 1997-08-15
WO1993010547A1 (en) 1993-05-27
JPH05509195A (en) 1993-12-16
FR2683940A1 (en) 1993-05-21
US5350892A (en) 1994-09-27
DK0543681T3 (en) 1997-08-18
BR9204467A (en) 1993-05-25
TR26197A (en) 1995-02-15
TW228598B (en) 1994-08-21
ES2103908T3 (en) 1997-10-01
ZA928951B (en) 1993-05-19
CA2083301A1 (en) 1993-05-21
GR3025127T3 (en) 1998-02-27
DE69221264D1 (en) 1997-09-04
EP0543681A1 (en) 1993-05-26
CN1031020C (en) 1996-02-14
DE69221264T2 (en) 1997-11-27

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