EP0543129A1 - Installation for heating or cooling of a building - Google Patents

Installation for heating or cooling of a building Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0543129A1
EP0543129A1 EP92117049A EP92117049A EP0543129A1 EP 0543129 A1 EP0543129 A1 EP 0543129A1 EP 92117049 A EP92117049 A EP 92117049A EP 92117049 A EP92117049 A EP 92117049A EP 0543129 A1 EP0543129 A1 EP 0543129A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
section
outlet
pipe
channels
mouth
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EP92117049A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0543129B1 (en
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Claude Desvouas
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to installations for heating or cooling buildings using a gaseous heat transfer fluid such as air which can be either heated or cooled, and more particularly buildings comprising a cement floor slab. , concrete or the like.
  • a gaseous heat transfer fluid such as air which can be either heated or cooled
  • buildings comprising a cement floor slab. , concrete or the like.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an installation for heating or cooling a building by thermal radiation by means of a gaseous heat transfer fluid, which makes it possible to obtain temperature regulation inside this building. whatever the temperature prevailing outside, while presenting the advantages of the installations according to the prior art, in particular a very low cost price.
  • Figures 1 to 3 show an installation 1 for heating or cooling a building 2 comprising a floor slab 3, and therefore, correlatively, for heating the ambient air inside the building.
  • This installation comprises an air circulation box 4 comprising at least one inlet 5 and at least one outlet 6.
  • this circulation box 4 is essentially constituted by a sleeve 7 and comprises a fan 8 arranged in this sleeve, a motor 9 being provided for driving the fan 8 in rotation and obtaining a circulation of air in sucking the air upstream of the sleeve 7 and pushing it downstream.
  • the fan is shown diagrammatically, but it will advantageously be constituted by a fan of the centrifugal type.
  • the installation 1 comprises means 10 for heat exchange with the air put into circulation.
  • These means can advantageously be of two kinds, either heating elements or cooling elements. They have been shown diagrammatically at 11 and arranged in an interchangeable drawer 12 according to the use sought for the installation, either of heating or of cooling the building.
  • the heating means can be constituted, for example, by solar cladding installed on a south face of the building, this cladding can be mounted in parallel with conventional heating, for example by heating resistors.
  • the installation 1 comprises at least one pipe 20 at least part of which 21 is embedded in the floor slab 3 of the building 2, and which connects the outlet mouth 6 of the circulation box 4 to its inlet mouth 5.
  • connections between the pipe 20 and the box 4 are made by any suitable means, for example clamps usually used for joining tubular pipes with the circular edges of the ends of a sleeve. These means are known in themselves and will not be described here.
  • the installation 1 further comprises at least one insufflation mouth 22 produced as a bypass on the part 21 of the pipe 20 embedded in the floor slab 3, at a first point 23 of the pipe, the outlet 24 of this mouth d Insufflation 22 being located in the space 25 delimited by the building, above the floor slab 3.
  • It also includes at least one extraction mouth 26 made in bypass on the pipe 20, at a second point 27 of this pipe, the outlet 28 of this extraction mouth 26 also being located in the space 25.
  • first 23 and second 27 points are located on the pipe 20, respectively downstream and upstream relative to the air circulation box 4 so that, when the fan of the box operates and causes air circulation in the pipe 20, air is ejected through the insufflation mouth 22 into the space 25, at the same time as air can be extracted from this space 25 through the extraction mouth 26 to be introduced into the line 20 , then in the circulation box 4.
  • the blowing mouth 22 advantageously comprises controllable means 29 schematically illustrated by an arrow, for adjusting the section of air passage through the outlet 24 of the mouth 22 .
  • controllable means 29 for adjusting the cross section of the air passing through the insufflation mouth 22 are for example constituted by a seat produced substantially at the outlet 24 of the mouth 22, a valve and means for controlling the movement of the valve by report to headquarters. These means are known in themselves and will not be described more fully here, for the sole purpose of simplifying the present description.
  • the pipe 20 consists of two portions of sheaths 31, 32 mounted in series.
  • the outlet 37 of the second sheath portion 32 is connected, by any means, directly or indirectly, to the inlet mouth 5 of the circulation box 4.
  • the pipe 20 also comprises means 40 for connecting at least the end 42 of the second pipe 35 having the largest section and the inlet 43 of the second sheath portion 32.
  • the insufflation mouth 22 is connected to the channel 36, preferably substantially in the middle.
  • the installation comprises a plurality "n" of channels 36 connecting the first conduit 33 to the second conduit 35, these channels all advantageously having substantially the same diameter and all the shape of a "U" loop, each branch of the "U” being distant from each other by the same value "b", Figure 1.
  • the sum of the two sections 46, 47, respectively of the conduits 33 and 35, at the points where the two ends 51, 52 of each channel open respectively has a substantially constant value for the whole channels, the largest section respectively of the first and second conduits 33, 35 into which a channel opens being substantially equal to "n" times the section "s" of a channel, the smallest section respectively of the first and second conduits in which debo uche a channel being substantially equal to the section of a channel.
  • the values: "h” of the thickness of the slab, " ⁇ ” of the diameter of the channels, “R” of the mechanical strength of the slab which must be obtained and “b” of the pitch separating two consecutive branches of the "U” channels, are linked by the following relation:
  • the structure of the installation having the above characteristics has the advantage of optimizing the aerolic and thermal parameters, while improving the mechanical resistance of the floor slabs for the same consumption of concrete.
  • This installation is also interesting in that it allows the use of different materials for the production of conduits and channels. Indeed, the installation conveying only air or the like, the first and second conduits are advantageously made of a metallic material and the channels of plastic.
  • the installation described above operates in the following manner described in the context of heating a building to maintain a certain temperature inside the building, while the outside temperature is likely to drop and to be always lower than that to which the interior of the building must be maintained.
  • the means 10 for heat exchange with the gaseous fluid heat transfer medium in this case air, then have the purpose of supplying calories to the gaseous fluid and are for example essentially constituted by a plurality of heating resistors in cooperation, in known manner, with fins of radiators.
  • the outside temperature is not too low and that a certain temperature of the ground is sufficient to maintain the ambient air in the building at a basic temperature acceptable for the comfort of its occupants.
  • the two insufflation 22 and extraction 26 vents are closed and the air circulation takes place in a closed circuit in the pipe 20, by switching on the fan 8. Passing through the resistors heating 10 on, the air heats up and circulates in the pipe, in particular in its part 21 embedded in the floor slab 3 of the building 2. During this circulation, the air exchanges calories with the mass of the soil which , therefore, heats up and, by radiation, heats all the space 25 which is above it.
  • the inevitable losses of calories are possibly compensated by a modulation of the heating of the air and of its circulation, this modulation being able to be obtained by means of a thermostat whose output signal makes it possible to control the supply of the heating resistors with electrical energy. and starting or stopping the fan, or its speed of rotation.
  • the thermal mass obtained by heating the floor of the building brought to a certain temperature makes it possible to maintain the space delimited by the building at a acceptable base temperature throughout the day.
  • the two insufflation openings 22 and extraction 26 to divert, in the space 25 of the building, part of the hot air circulating in the part 21 of the pipe 20 embedded in the floor slab of the building.
  • the air passage section in particular at the outlet of the insufflation mouth 22, can be modulated by the controllable means 29, for example by a signal delivered by a thermostat or the like.
  • Such an installation therefore makes it possible to obtain a regulation of the ambient temperature of a given room, whatever the temperature outside the room, even if the latter is very low or drops suddenly. It also has all the advantages of installations comprising two types of heating which are complementary to each other, a basic heating obtained by the circulation of a heat-transfer fluid and an auxiliary heating, but avoids their disadvantages, in particular the high cost price related to the auxiliary heating.
  • the operation described above relates to the regulation of the heating of a room, but it is obvious that it can be understood in the same way for its cooling when the outside temperature is too high.
  • the heat exchange means 10 are not heating elements, but cooling elements. Operation is strictly identical and will therefore not be described here.

Abstract

The present invention relates to installations for heating or cooling a building comprising a floor plate. The installation 1 according to the invention is characterised essentially in that it comprises in series a box for air circulation 4 with an inlet 5 and an outlet 6, thermal exchange means 10 at the outlet 6 from the box, two portions of ducts 31, 32 mounted in series, a first portion 31 comprising a first pipe 33 with a cross-section which varies according to a linear degressive law, a second pipe 35 with a cross-section which varies according to a progressive law essentially inverse to the degressive law and a plurality ''n'' of channels 36 sunk in the plate connecting the pipe 33 to the pipe 35, the channels all having essentially the same diameter and the sum of their sections s in the region of the points where the two ends 51, 52 of each duct respectively open having an essentially constant value for all the channels, the greatest section respectively of the first and second pipes 33, 35 into which a channel opens being essentially equal to n times the section s of a channel, the smallest section respectively of the first and second pipes 33, 35 into which a channel opens being essentially equal to the section s of a channel, a second portion of duct 32, the outlet 37 of which is connected to said inlet mouth 5 of the circulation box, and means 40 for connecting the end 42 of the second pipe 35 having the greater section to the inlet 43 of the second portion of duct 32. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne les installations pour le chauffage ou le rafraîchissement des bâtiments au moyen d'un fluide gazeux caloporteur tel que de l'air qui peut être, soit chauffé, soit refroidi, et plus particulièrement des bâtiments comportant une dalle de sol en ciment, béton ou analogue.The present invention relates to installations for heating or cooling buildings using a gaseous heat transfer fluid such as air which can be either heated or cooled, and more particularly buildings comprising a cement floor slab. , concrete or the like.

Il existe déjà des installations pour le chauffage ou le rafraîchissement des bâtiments et de l'air ambiant dans l'espace délimité par ces bâtiments, par rayonnement thermique au moyen d'un fluide gazeux caloporteur, par exemple de l'air qui peut être, soit chauffé, soit refroidi. Une telle installation est notamment décrite dans le Brevet FR-A-2 483 577. Elle comporte des canaux formant un circuit de circulation du fluide gazeux caloporteur généralement noyés dans le sol du bâtiment, une gaine de distribution alimentée en fluide gazeux à l'une de ses extrémités, cette gaine définissant deux conduits à section respectivement dégressive et progressive dans lesquels débouchent les extrémités d'entrée et de sortie des canaux, et un caisson de circulation du fluide gazeux auquel peuvent être associés, soit des moyens de chauffage, soit des moyens de refroidissement.There are already installations for heating or cooling buildings and ambient air in the space delimited by these buildings, by thermal radiation by means of a gaseous heat transfer fluid, for example air which can be, either heated or cooled. Such an installation is described in particular in Patent FR-A-2 483 577. It comprises channels forming a circulation circuit for the heat-transfer gaseous fluid generally embedded in the ground of the building, a distribution sheath supplied with gaseous fluid in one from its ends, this sheath defining two conduits with a decreasing and progressive section respectively into which the inlet and outlet ends of the channels open, and a gaseous fluid circulation box with which either heating means or means of cooling.

Ce type d'installation donne de très bons résultats pour maintenir l'air ambiant dans un bâtiment à une température de base suffisante quand la température extérieure n'est pas trop basse, mais il faut prévoir un chauffage d'appoint, par exemple électrique, pour compenser le manque de calories lorsque la température extérieure devient trop basse.This type of installation gives very good results for maintaining the ambient air in a building at a sufficient base temperature when the outside temperature is not too low, but it is necessary to provide an auxiliary heating, for example electric, to compensate for the lack of calories when the outside temperature becomes too low.

Or, on constate que, dans les pays de climat relativement tempéré, ce chauffage d'appoint n'est appelé à fonctionner que pendant de très courtes périodes. La mise en place et l'utilisation de ce type de chauffage, déjà onéreuses dans l'absolu, sont ainsi d'un coût de revient relativement élevé.However, it can be seen that, in countries with a relatively temperate climate, this auxiliary heating is only called on to operate for very short periods. The establishment and use of this type of heating, already expensive in absolute terms, are thus of a relatively high cost price.

La présente invention a ainsi pour but de réaliser une installation pour le chauffage ou le rafraîchissement d'un bâtiment par rayonnement thermique au moyen d'un fluide gazeux caloporteur, qui permette d'obtenir une régulation de la température à l'intérieur de ce bâtiment quelle que soit la température régnant à l'extérieur, tout en présentant les avantages des installations selon l'art antérieur, notamment un prix de revient très faible.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an installation for heating or cooling a building by thermal radiation by means of a gaseous heat transfer fluid, which makes it possible to obtain temperature regulation inside this building. whatever the temperature prevailing outside, while presenting the advantages of the installations according to the prior art, in particular a very low cost price.

Plus précisément, la présente invention a pour objet une installation pour le chauffage ou le rafraîchissement d'un bâtiment comportant une dalle de sol, comprenant:
   un caisson de circulation d'air comprenant au moins une bouche d'entrée et au moins une bouche de sortie,
   des moyens d'échanges thermiques avec ledit air en sortie dudit caisson de circulation, et
   au moins une conduite dont au moins une partie est noyée dans ladite dalle de sol et dont les deux extrémités sont respectivement connectées auxdites bouches d'entrée et de sortie dudit caisson, caractérisée par le fait que ladite conduite comprend:

  • deux portions de gaines montées en série,
    • A) une première portion de gaine comportant:
      • a) un premier conduit à section transversale variant suivant une loi dégressive linéaire, l'extrémité ayant la section la plus grande étant reliée à ladite bouche de sortie dudit caisson de circulation,
      • b) un second conduit à section transversale variant suivant une loi progressive sensiblement inverse de ladite loi dégressive, et
      • c) une pluralité "n" de canaux en "U" reliant ledit premier conduit audit second conduit, lesdits canaux ayant tous sensiblement le même diamètre et la somme des sections, respectivement des deux conduits au niveau des points où débouchent respectivement les deux extrémités de chaque canal, ayant une valeur sensiblement constante pour l'ensemble des canaux, la section la plus grande respectivement des premier et second conduits dans laquelle débouche un canal étant sensiblement égale à "n" fois la section d'un canal, la section la plus petite respectivement des premier et second conduits dans laquelle débouche un canal étant sensiblement égale à la section d'un canal,
    • B) une deuxième portion de gaine dont la sortie est reliée à ladite bouche d'entrée dudit caisson de circulation, et
  • des moyens pour relier l'extrémité dudit second conduit ayant la section la plus grande à l'entrée de ladite deuxième portion de gaine.
More specifically, the subject of the present invention is an installation for heating or cooling a building comprising a floor slab, comprising:
an air circulation box comprising at least one inlet and at least one outlet,
means of heat exchange with said air at the outlet of said traffic box, and
at least one pipe, at least part of which is embedded in said floor slab and the two ends of which are respectively connected to said inlet and outlet openings of said box, characterized in that said pipe comprises:
  • two portions of ducts mounted in series,
    • A) a first portion of sheath comprising:
      • a) a first cross-sectional duct varying according to a linear decreasing law, the end having the largest section being connected to said outlet mouth of said circulation box,
      • b) a second conduit with a cross section varying according to a progressive law substantially opposite to said degressive law, and
      • c) a plurality "n" of "U" channels connecting said first conduit to said second conduit, said channels all having substantially the same diameter and the sum of the sections, respectively of the two conduits at the points where the two ends of the respective ends each channel, having a substantially constant value for all the channels, the largest section respectively of the first and second conduits into which a channel opens being substantially equal to "n" times the section of a channel, the most small respectively of the first and second conduits into which a channel opens being substantially equal to the section of a channel,
    • B) a second portion of sheath, the outlet of which is connected to said inlet mouth of said circulation box, and
  • means for connecting the end of said second duct having the largest section to the inlet of said second sheath portion.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description suivante donnée en regard des dessins annexés à titre illustratif, mais nullement limitatif, dans lesquels:

  • La figure 1 représente un schéma simplifié d'une installation selon l'invention, pour le chauffage ou le rafraîchissement d'un bâtiment, et
  • Les figures 2 et 3 représentent un mode de réalisation avantageux d'une installation en accord avec le schéma de la figure 1.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear during the following description given with reference to the drawings annexed by way of illustration, but in no way limiting, in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents a simplified diagram of an installation according to the invention, for heating or cooling a building, and
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 represent an advantageous embodiment of an installation in accordance with the diagram in FIG. 1.

L'ensemble des figures représentant un même mode de réalisation d'une installation selon l'invention pour le chauffage ou le rafraîchissement d'un bâtiment, les mêmes références y désignent les mêmes éléments, quelle que soit la figure sur laquelle elles apparaissent et quelle que soit la forme, schématique ou détaillée, de représentation de ces éléments.All the figures representing the same embodiment of an installation according to the invention for heating or cooling a building, the same references designate the same elements there, whatever the figure on which they appear and which whether the form, schematic or detailed, of the representation of these elements.

Les figures 1 à 3 représentent une installation 1 pour le chauffage ou le rafraîchissement d'un bâtiment 2 comportant une dalle de sol 3, et donc, corrélativement, pour le chauffage de l'air ambiant à l'intérieur du bâtiment.Figures 1 to 3 show an installation 1 for heating or cooling a building 2 comprising a floor slab 3, and therefore, correlatively, for heating the ambient air inside the building.

Cette installation comprend un caisson de circulation d'air 4 comportant au moins une bouche d'entrée 5 et au moins une bouche de sortie 6.This installation comprises an air circulation box 4 comprising at least one inlet 5 and at least one outlet 6.

Dans une forme possible de réalisation, ce caisson de circulation 4 est essentiellement constitué par un manchon 7 et comporte un ventilateur 8 disposé dans ce manchon, un moteur 9 étant prévu pour entraîner le ventilateur 8 en rotation et obtenir une circulation de l'air en aspirant l'air en amont du manchon 7 et en le refoulant vers l'aval. Le ventilateur est représenté schématiquement, mais il sera avantageusement constitué par un ventilateur du type centrifuge.In one possible embodiment, this circulation box 4 is essentially constituted by a sleeve 7 and comprises a fan 8 arranged in this sleeve, a motor 9 being provided for driving the fan 8 in rotation and obtaining a circulation of air in sucking the air upstream of the sleeve 7 and pushing it downstream. The fan is shown diagrammatically, but it will advantageously be constituted by a fan of the centrifugal type.

En sortie du caisson de circulation, par exemple à proximité de la bouche de sortie 6, l'installation 1 comporte des moyens 10 d'échanges thermiques avec l'air mis en circulation. Ces moyens peuvent avantageusement être de deux sortes, soit des éléments chauffants, soit des éléments réfrigérants. Ils ont été schématiquement représentés en 11 et disposés dans un tiroir 12 interchangeable selon l'utilisation recherchée pour l'installation, soit de chauffage soit de rafraîchissement du bâtiment.At the outlet of the circulation box, for example near the outlet mouth 6, the installation 1 comprises means 10 for heat exchange with the air put into circulation. These means can advantageously be of two kinds, either heating elements or cooling elements. They have been shown diagrammatically at 11 and arranged in an interchangeable drawer 12 according to the use sought for the installation, either of heating or of cooling the building.

Cependant, les moyens de chauffage peuvent être constitués, par exemple, par un bardage solaire installé sur une face sud du bâtiment, ce bardage pouvant être monté en parallèle avec un chauffage classique, par exemple par résistances chauffantes.However, the heating means can be constituted, for example, by solar cladding installed on a south face of the building, this cladding can be mounted in parallel with conventional heating, for example by heating resistors.

L'installation 1 comprend au moins une conduite 20 dont au moins une partie 21 est noyée dans la dalle de sol 3 du bâtiment 2, et qui relie la bouche de sortie 6 du caisson de circulation 4 à sa bouche d'entrée 5.The installation 1 comprises at least one pipe 20 at least part of which 21 is embedded in the floor slab 3 of the building 2, and which connects the outlet mouth 6 of the circulation box 4 to its inlet mouth 5.

Bien entendu, les liaisons entre la conduite 20 et le caisson 4 sont réalisées par tous moyens appropriés, par exemple des colliers de serrage habituellement utilisés pour la réunion de conduites tubulaires avec les bords circulaires des extrémités d'un manchon. Ces moyens sont connus en eux-mêmes et ne seront pas décrits ici.Of course, the connections between the pipe 20 and the box 4 are made by any suitable means, for example clamps usually used for joining tubular pipes with the circular edges of the ends of a sleeve. These means are known in themselves and will not be described here.

L'installation 1 comporte en outre au moins une bouche d'insufflation 22 réalisée en dérivation sur la partie 21 de la conduite 20 noyée dans la dalle de sol 3, en un premier point 23 de la conduite, la sortie 24 de cette bouche d'insufflation 22 étant située dans l'espace 25 délimité par le bâtiment, au-dessus de la dalle de sol 3.The installation 1 further comprises at least one insufflation mouth 22 produced as a bypass on the part 21 of the pipe 20 embedded in the floor slab 3, at a first point 23 of the pipe, the outlet 24 of this mouth d Insufflation 22 being located in the space 25 delimited by the building, above the floor slab 3.

Elle comporte aussi au moins une bouche d'extraction 26 réalisée en dérivation sur la conduite 20, en un second point 27 de cette conduite, la sortie 28 de cette bouche d'extraction 26 étant, elle aussi, située dans l'espace 25.It also includes at least one extraction mouth 26 made in bypass on the pipe 20, at a second point 27 of this pipe, the outlet 28 of this extraction mouth 26 also being located in the space 25.

Ces premier 23 et second 27 points sont situés sur la conduite 20, respectivement en aval et en amont par rapport au caisson de circulation d'air 4 de façon que, lorsque le ventilateur du caisson fonctionne et provoque une circulation d'air dans la conduite 20, de l'air soit éjecté par la bouche d'insufflation 22 dans l'espace 25, en même temps que de l'air puisse être extrait de cet espace 25 par la bouche d'extraction 26 pour être introduit dans la conduite 20, puis dans le caisson de circulation 4.These first 23 and second 27 points are located on the pipe 20, respectively downstream and upstream relative to the air circulation box 4 so that, when the fan of the box operates and causes air circulation in the pipe 20, air is ejected through the insufflation mouth 22 into the space 25, at the same time as air can be extracted from this space 25 through the extraction mouth 26 to be introduced into the line 20 , then in the circulation box 4.

Pour contrôler la quantité d'air insufflée dans l'espace 25, la bouche d'insufflation 22 comporte avantageusement des moyens commandables 29 schématiquement illustrés par une flèche, pour régler la section de passage de l'air par la sortie 24 de la bouche 22.To control the quantity of air blown into the space 25, the blowing mouth 22 advantageously comprises controllable means 29 schematically illustrated by an arrow, for adjusting the section of air passage through the outlet 24 of the mouth 22 .

Ces moyens commandables 29 pour régler la section de passage de l'air par la bouche d'insufflation 22 sont par exemple constitués par un siège réalisé sensiblement en sortie 24 de la bouche 22, un clapet et des moyens pour commander le déplacement du clapet par rapport au siège. Ces moyens sont connus en eux-mêmes et ne seront pas plus amplement décrits ici, dans le seul souci de simplifier la présente description.These controllable means 29 for adjusting the cross section of the air passing through the insufflation mouth 22 are for example constituted by a seat produced substantially at the outlet 24 of the mouth 22, a valve and means for controlling the movement of the valve by report to headquarters. These means are known in themselves and will not be described more fully here, for the sole purpose of simplifying the present description.

Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, la conduite 20 est constituée par deux portions de gaines 31, 32 montées en série.In an advantageous embodiment, the pipe 20 consists of two portions of sheaths 31, 32 mounted in series.

La première portion de gaine 31 comporte:

  • un premier conduit 33 à section transversale variant suivant une loi dégressive, l'extrémité 34 ayant la section la plus grande étant reliée directement ou indirectement à la bouche de sortie 6 du caisson de circulation d'air 4,
  • un second conduit 35 à section transversale variant suivant une loi progressive sensiblement inverse de la loi dégressive, et
  • au moins un canal 36 reliant le premier conduit 33 au second conduit 35 avantageusement en forme de boucle en "U", ce canal constituant la partie 21 de la conduite 20 noyée dans la dalle de sol 3 du bâtiment 2.
The first portion of sheath 31 comprises:
  • a first duct 33 with a cross section varying according to a decreasing law, the end 34 having the largest section being connected directly or indirectly to the outlet mouth 6 of the air circulation box 4,
  • a second conduit 35 with a cross section varying according to a progressive law substantially opposite to the degressive law, and
  • at least one channel 36 connecting the first conduit 33 to the second conduit 35 advantageously in the form of a "U" loop, this channel constituting the part 21 of the conduit 20 embedded in the floor slab 3 of the building 2.

La sortie 37 de la deuxième portion de gaine 32 est reliée, par tout moyen, de façon directe ou indirecte, à la bouche d'entrée 5 du caisson de circulation 4.The outlet 37 of the second sheath portion 32 is connected, by any means, directly or indirectly, to the inlet mouth 5 of the circulation box 4.

La conduite 20 comporte en outre des moyens 40 pour relier au moins l'extrémité 42 du second conduit 35 ayant la section la plus grande et l'entrée 43 de la deuxième portion de gaine 32.The pipe 20 also comprises means 40 for connecting at least the end 42 of the second pipe 35 having the largest section and the inlet 43 of the second sheath portion 32.

Dans la configuration décrite ci-dessus, la bouche d'insufflation 22 est reliée au canal 36, préférentiellement sensiblement en son milieu.In the configuration described above, the insufflation mouth 22 is connected to the channel 36, preferably substantially in the middle.

Dans le mode de réalisation de l'installation plus particulièrement illustré sur la figure 2, l'installation comporte une pluralité "n" de canaux 36 reliant le premier conduit 33 au second conduit 35, ces canaux ayant tous avantageusement sensiblement le même diamètre et tous la forme d'une boucle en "U", chaque branche du "U" étant distante l'une de l'autre d'une même valeur "b", figure 1. De plus, pour obtenir une bonne répartition de la circulation de l'air dans tous ces canaux, la somme des deux sections 46, 47, respectivement des conduits 33 et 35, au niveau des points où débouchent respectivement les deux extrémités 51, 52 de chaque canal, a une valeur sensiblement constante pour l'ensemble des canaux, la section la plus grande respectivement des premier et second conduits 33, 35 dans laquelle débouche un canal étant sensiblement égale à "n" fois la section "s" d'un canal, la section la plus petite respectivement des premier et second conduits dans laquelle débouche un canal étant sensiblement égale à la section d'un canal.In the embodiment of the installation more particularly illustrated in FIG. 2, the installation comprises a plurality "n" of channels 36 connecting the first conduit 33 to the second conduit 35, these channels all advantageously having substantially the same diameter and all the shape of a "U" loop, each branch of the "U" being distant from each other by the same value "b", Figure 1. In addition, to obtain a good distribution of the circulation of the air in all these channels, the sum of the two sections 46, 47, respectively of the conduits 33 and 35, at the points where the two ends 51, 52 of each channel open respectively, has a substantially constant value for the whole channels, the largest section respectively of the first and second conduits 33, 35 into which a channel opens being substantially equal to "n" times the section "s" of a channel, the smallest section respectively of the first and second conduits in which debo uche a channel being substantially equal to the section of a channel.

Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, les valeurs: "h" de l'épaisseur de la dalle, "⌀" du diamètre des canaux, "R" de la résistance mécanique de la dalle qui doit être obtenue et "b" du pas séparant deux branches consécutives des canaux en "U", sont liées par la relation suivante:

Figure imgb0001
According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, the values: "h" of the thickness of the slab, "⌀" of the diameter of the channels, "R" of the mechanical strength of the slab which must be obtained and "b" of the pitch separating two consecutive branches of the "U" channels, are linked by the following relation:
Figure imgb0001

La structure de l'installation ayant les caractéristiques ci-dessus présente l'avantage d'optimiser les paramètres aéroliques et thermiques, tout en améliorant la résistance mécanique des dalles de sol pour une même consommation de béton.The structure of the installation having the above characteristics has the advantage of optimizing the aerolic and thermal parameters, while improving the mechanical resistance of the floor slabs for the same consumption of concrete.

Cette installation est également intéressante par le fait qu'elle permet d'utiliser des matériaux différents pour la réalisation des conduits et des canaux. En effet, l'installation ne véhiculant que de l'air ou analogue, les premier et second conduits sont avantageusement réalisés en un matériau métallique et les canaux en matière plastique.This installation is also interesting in that it allows the use of different materials for the production of conduits and channels. Indeed, the installation conveying only air or the like, the first and second conduits are advantageously made of a metallic material and the channels of plastic.

L'installation décrite ci-dessus fonctionne de la façon suivante décrite dans le cadre du chauffage d'un bâtiment pour maintenir une certaine température à l'intérieur du bâtiment, alors que la température extérieure est susceptible de descendre et d'être toujours inférieure à celle à laquelle doit être maintenu l'intérieur du bâtiment.The installation described above operates in the following manner described in the context of heating a building to maintain a certain temperature inside the building, while the outside temperature is likely to drop and to be always lower than that to which the interior of the building must be maintained.

Les moyens 10 d'échanges thermiques avec le fluide gazeux caloporteur, en l'occurrence l'air, ont alors pour but d'apporter des calories au fluide gazeux et sont par exemple essentiellement constitués par une pluralité de résistances chauffantes en coopération, de façon connue, avec des ailettes de radiateurs.The means 10 for heat exchange with the gaseous fluid heat transfer medium, in this case air, then have the purpose of supplying calories to the gaseous fluid and are for example essentially constituted by a plurality of heating resistors in cooperation, in known manner, with fins of radiators.

On suppose tout d'abord que la température extérieure n'est pas trop basse et qu'une certaine valeur de température de sol est suffisante pour maintenir l'air ambiant dans le bâtiment à une température de base acceptable pour le confort de ses occupants. Dans ces conditions, les deux bouches d'insufflation 22 et d'extraction 26 sont fermées et la circulation de l'air s'effectue en circuit fermé dans la conduite 20, par la mise en marche du ventilateur 8. En passant sur les résistances chauffantes 10 allumées, l'air s'échauffe et circule dans la conduite, notamment dans sa partie 21 noyée dans la dalle de sol 3 du bâtiment 2. Au cours de cette circulation, l'air échange des calories avec la masse du sol qui, de ce fait, s'échauffe et, par rayonnement, échauffe tout l'espace 25 qui se trouve au-dessus de lui.It is first assumed that the outside temperature is not too low and that a certain temperature of the ground is sufficient to maintain the ambient air in the building at a basic temperature acceptable for the comfort of its occupants. Under these conditions, the two insufflation 22 and extraction 26 vents are closed and the air circulation takes place in a closed circuit in the pipe 20, by switching on the fan 8. Passing through the resistors heating 10 on, the air heats up and circulates in the pipe, in particular in its part 21 embedded in the floor slab 3 of the building 2. During this circulation, the air exchanges calories with the mass of the soil which , therefore, heats up and, by radiation, heats all the space 25 which is above it.

Les inévitables pertes de calories sont éventuellement compensées par une modulation du chauffage de l'air et de sa circulation, cette modulation pouvant être obtenue au moyen d'un thermostat dont le signal de sortie permet de commander l'alimentation des résistances chauffantes en énergie électrique et la mise en route ou l'arrêt du ventilateur, ou sa vitesse de rotation.The inevitable losses of calories are possibly compensated by a modulation of the heating of the air and of its circulation, this modulation being able to be obtained by means of a thermostat whose output signal makes it possible to control the supply of the heating resistors with electrical energy. and starting or stopping the fan, or its speed of rotation.

On constate que la masse thermique obtenue par le chauffage du sol du bâtiment amené à une certaine température, par exemple pendant les périodes nocturnes où l'énergie électrique est à un prix relativement faible, permet de maintenir l'espace délimité par le bâtiment à une température de base acceptable pendant toute la journée.It can be seen that the thermal mass obtained by heating the floor of the building brought to a certain temperature, for example during the night periods when electrical energy is at a relatively low price, makes it possible to maintain the space delimited by the building at a acceptable base temperature throughout the day.

Par contre, si la température extérieure est très inférieure à la température habituelle, ou si elle descend très brutalement, pour maintenir le bâtiment à une température acceptable pour le confort de ses occupants, on commande l'ouverture des deux bouches d'insufflation 22 et d'extraction 26 pour dériver, dans l'espace 25 du bâtiment, une partie de l'air chaud circulant dans la partie 21 de la conduite 20 noyée dans la dalle de sol du bâtiment.On the other hand, if the outside temperature is much lower than the usual temperature, or if it drops very suddenly, to maintain the building at an acceptable temperature for the comfort of its occupants, the two insufflation openings 22 and extraction 26 to divert, in the space 25 of the building, part of the hot air circulating in the part 21 of the pipe 20 embedded in the floor slab of the building.

Comme l'air est plus chaud que le sol, il permet d'augmenter rapidement la température ambiante dans l'espace 25 et de la maintenir à une valeur acceptable, bien que la température extérieure soit très basse. Bien entendu, la section de passage de l'air, notamment en sortie de la bouche d'insufflation 22, peut être modulée par les moyens commandables 29, par exemple par un signal délivré par un thermostat ou analogue.As the air is warmer than the ground, it makes it possible to rapidly increase the ambient temperature in space 25 and to maintain it at an acceptable value, although the outside temperature is very low. Of course, the air passage section, in particular at the outlet of the insufflation mouth 22, can be modulated by the controllable means 29, for example by a signal delivered by a thermostat or the like.

Une telle installation permet donc d'obtenir une régulation de la température ambiante d'un local donné, quelle que soit la température extérieure au local, même si cette dernière est très basse ou chute brutalement. Elle présente en outre tous les avantages des installations comprenant deux types de chauffage complémentaires l'un de l'autre, un chauffage de base obtenu par la circulation d'un fluide caloporteur et un chauffage d'appoint, mais évite leurs inconvénients, notamment le prix de revient élevé relatif au chauffage d'appoint.Such an installation therefore makes it possible to obtain a regulation of the ambient temperature of a given room, whatever the temperature outside the room, even if the latter is very low or drops suddenly. It also has all the advantages of installations comprising two types of heating which are complementary to each other, a basic heating obtained by the circulation of a heat-transfer fluid and an auxiliary heating, but avoids their disadvantages, in particular the high cost price related to the auxiliary heating.

Le fonctionnement décrit ci-dessus concerne la régulation du chauffage d'un local, mais il est évident qu'il peut se comprendre de la même façon pour son rafraîchissement lorsque la température extérieure est trop élevée. Dans ce cas, les moyens d'échanges thermiques 10 ne sont pas des éléments chauffants, mais des éléments réfrigérants. Le fonctionnement est strictement identique et ne sera donc pas décrit ici.The operation described above relates to the regulation of the heating of a room, but it is obvious that it can be understood in the same way for its cooling when the outside temperature is too high. In this case, the heat exchange means 10 are not heating elements, but cooling elements. Operation is strictly identical and will therefore not be described here.

Claims (8)

Installation (1) pour le chauffage ou le rafraîchissement d'un bâtiment (2) comportant une dalle de sol (3), comprenant:
   un caisson de circulation d'air (4) comprenant au moins une bouche d'entrée (5) et au moins une bouche de sortie (6),
   des moyens (10) d'échanges thermiques avec ledit air en sortie (6) dudit caisson de circulation, et
   au moins une conduite (20) dont au moins une partie (21) est noyée dans ladite dalle de sol (3) et dont les deux extrémités (37, 34) sont respectivement connectées auxdites bouches d'entrée (5) et de sortie (6) dudit caisson (4),
caractérisée par le fait que ladite conduite comprend: - deux portions de gaines (31, 32) montées en série, A) une première portion de gaine (31) comportant: a) un premier conduit (33) à section transversale variant suivant une loi dégressive linéaire, l'extrémité (34) ayant la section la plus grande étant reliée à ladite bouche de sortie (6) dudit caisson de circulation, b) un second conduit (35) à section transversale variant suivant une loi progressive sensiblement inverse de ladite loi dégressive, et c) une pluralité "n" de canaux en "U" (36) reliant ledit premier conduit (33) audit second conduit (35), lesdits canaux ayant tous sensiblement le même diamètre et la somme des sections (46, 47), respectivement des deux conduits (33, 35) au niveau des points où débouchent respectivement les deux extrémités (51, 52) de chaque canal, ayant une valeur sensiblement constante pour l'ensemble des canaux, la section la plus grande respectivement des premier et second conduits (33, 35) dans laquelle débouche un canal étant sensiblement égale à "n" fois la section (s) d'un canal, la section la plus petite respectivement des premier et second conduits dans laquelle débouche un canal étant sensiblement égale à la section d'un canal, B) une deuxième portion de gaine (32) dont la sortie (37) est reliée à ladite bouche d'entrée (5) dudit caisson de circulation, et - des moyens (40) pour relier l'extrémité (42) dudit second conduit (35) ayant la section la plus grande à l'entrée (43) de ladite deuxième portion de gaine (32). Installation (1) for heating or cooling a building (2) comprising a floor slab (3), comprising:
an air circulation box (4) comprising at least one inlet (5) and at least one outlet (6),
means (10) for heat exchange with said air at outlet (6) from said circulation box, and
at least one pipe (20) at least one part (21) of which is embedded in said floor slab (3) and the two ends of which (37, 34) are respectively connected to said inlet (5) and outlet ( 6) of said box (4),
characterized by the fact that said pipe comprises: - two portions of sheaths (31, 32) mounted in series, A) a first portion of sheath (31) comprising: a) a first duct (33) with a cross section varying according to a linear declining law, the end (34) having the largest section being connected to said outlet mouth (6) of said circulation box, b) a second conduit (35) with a cross section varying according to a progressive law substantially opposite to said declining law, and c) a plurality "n" of U-shaped channels (36) connecting said first conduit (33) to said second conduit (35), said channels all having substantially the same diameter and the sum of the sections (46, 47), respectively of the two conduits (33, 35) at the points where the two ends (51, 52) of each channel open respectively, having a substantially constant value for all of the channels, the largest section of the first and second conduits respectively (33, 35) into which a channel opens being substantially equal to "n" times the section (s) of a channel, the smallest section of the first and second conduits respectively into which a channel opens being substantially equal to the section of a channel, B) a second portion of sheath (32) whose outlet (37) is connected to said inlet mouth (5) of said circulation box, and - Means (40) for connecting the end (42) of said second conduit (35) having the largest section to the inlet (43) of said second sheath portion (32). Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que lesdits moyens (10) d'échanges thermiques avec ledit air en sortie (6) dudit caisson de circulation (4) sont constitués par des éléments chauffants.Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the said means (10) for heat exchange with the said air at the outlet (6) of the said circulation box (4) are constituted by heating elements. Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que lesdits moyens (10) d'échanges thermiques avec ledit air en sortie (6) dudit caisson de circulation (4) sont constitués par des éléments réfrigérants.Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the said means (10) for heat exchange with the said air at the outlet (6) of the said circulation box (4) consist of cooling elements. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée par le fait que les valeurs: "h" de l'épaisseur de la dalle (3), "⌀" du diamètre des canaux (36), "R" de la résistance mécanique de la dalle qui doit être obtenue et "b" du pas séparant deux branches consécutives des canaux en "U", sont liées par la relation suivante:
Figure imgb0002
 Installation according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the values: "h" of the thickness of the slab (3), "⌀" of the diameter of the channels (36), "R" of the resistance mechanics of the slab which must be obtained and "b" of the pitch separating two consecutive branches of the "U" channels, are linked by the following relation:
Figure imgb0002
 Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée par le fait que lesdits premier (33) et second (35) conduits sont réalisés en un matériau métallique.Installation according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said first (33) and second (35) conduits are made of a metallic material. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée par le fait que lesdits canaux (36) sont en matière plastique.Installation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said channels (36) are made of plastic. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte:
   au moins une bouche d'insufflation (22) réalisée en dérivation sur la partie (21) de ladite conduite noyée dans la dalle de sol (3), en un premier point (23) de ladite conduite, la sortie (24) de ladite bouche d'insufflation étant située dans l'espace (25) délimité par ledit bâtiment (2), et
   au moins une bouche d'extraction (26) réalisée en dérivation sur ladite conduite (20), en un second point (27) de ladite conduite, la sortie (28) de ladite bouche d'extraction étant située dans ledit espace délimité par ledit bâtiment,
   lesdits premier (23) et second (27) points étant situés sur ladite conduite respectivement en aval et en amont par rapport audit caisson de circulation d'air (4).Installation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises:
at least one insufflation mouth (22) produced as a bypass on the part (21) of said pipe embedded in the floor slab (3), at a first point (23) of said pipe, the outlet (24) of said insufflation mouth being located in the space (25) delimited by said building (2), and
at least one extraction mouth (26) produced as a bypass on said pipe (20), at a second point (27) of said pipe, the outlet (28) of said extraction mouth being located in said space delimited by said building,
said first (23) and second (27) points being located on said pipe respectively downstream and upstream with respect to said air circulation box (4). Installation selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que ladite bouche d'insufflation (22) est réalisée sur l'un desdits canaux (36) et sensiblement en son milieu.Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that said insufflation mouth (22) is formed on one of said channels (36) and substantially in its middle.
EP19920117049 1991-11-20 1992-10-06 Installation for heating or cooling of a building Expired - Lifetime EP0543129B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9114285 1991-11-20
FR9114285 1991-11-20

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EP0543129B1 EP0543129B1 (en) 1995-12-27

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2726593A (en) * 1952-02-18 1955-12-13 Forest Glen Ayers Hot air panel and circulatory heating system
US3025382A (en) * 1959-03-09 1962-03-13 William R Eisele Auxiliary electrical heating means
FR2483577A1 (en) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-04 Desvouas Claude Underfloor hot air central heating - has combined, supply and return air duct divided horizontally with varying cross section
EP0255039A2 (en) * 1986-07-31 1988-02-03 Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Under floor heating

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2726593A (en) * 1952-02-18 1955-12-13 Forest Glen Ayers Hot air panel and circulatory heating system
US3025382A (en) * 1959-03-09 1962-03-13 William R Eisele Auxiliary electrical heating means
FR2483577A1 (en) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-04 Desvouas Claude Underfloor hot air central heating - has combined, supply and return air duct divided horizontally with varying cross section
EP0255039A2 (en) * 1986-07-31 1988-02-03 Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Under floor heating

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ES2083049T3 (en) 1996-04-01
DE69207160D1 (en) 1996-02-08
EP0543129B1 (en) 1995-12-27

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