EP0541544B1 - Method for tagging articles used in conjunction with an electronic article surveillance system - Google Patents

Method for tagging articles used in conjunction with an electronic article surveillance system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0541544B1
EP0541544B1 EP90915373A EP90915373A EP0541544B1 EP 0541544 B1 EP0541544 B1 EP 0541544B1 EP 90915373 A EP90915373 A EP 90915373A EP 90915373 A EP90915373 A EP 90915373A EP 0541544 B1 EP0541544 B1 EP 0541544B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
articles
eas
tags
store
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90915373A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0541544A1 (en
EP0541544A4 (en
Inventor
Peter L. Gill
Anthony F. Piccoli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Checkpoint Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Checkpoint Systems Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Checkpoint Systems Inc filed Critical Checkpoint Systems Inc
Priority to DK96120857T priority Critical patent/DK0774740T3/da
Priority to EP96120857A priority patent/EP0774740B1/en
Publication of EP0541544A4 publication Critical patent/EP0541544A4/en
Publication of EP0541544A1 publication Critical patent/EP0541544A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0541544B1 publication Critical patent/EP0541544B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2405—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used
    • G08B13/2414—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using inductive tags
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2428—Tag details
    • G08B13/2431—Tag circuit details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2428—Tag details
    • G08B13/2437—Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2428—Tag details
    • G08B13/2437—Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
    • G08B13/244—Tag manufacturing, e.g. continuous manufacturing processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2428—Tag details
    • G08B13/2437—Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
    • G08B13/2445—Tag integrated into item to be protected, e.g. source tagging

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • the present invention relates generally to so-called “electronic article surveillance”, and in particular, to a system which involves the use of electronically detectable tags or labels which are attached to articles of merchandise in order to protect these articles from unauthorized removal, such as by shoplifting.
  • EAS electronic article surveillance
  • tags or labels which contain an electronic circuit (e.g., a resonant circuit) for interacting with an applied (e.g., swept radio-frequency) electromagnetic field.
  • a transmitter and accompanying antenna produce this field, and a nearby receiver and accompanying antenna detect variations in the received field caused by the presence of a tag.
  • This transmitting and receiving equipment is positioned at the location or locations where it is desired to detect the unauthorized removal of tag-bearing articles, e.g., at the exit of a retail store.
  • the tags attached to those articles whose removal is authorized are either physically removed from the articles, or deactivated, i.e. treated so that they become incapable of producing detectable variations in the received field. Otherwise, these tags will be detected and an alarm signal will be produced by the equipment.
  • Commercial EAS systems as generally described above are available from manufacturers such as Checkpoint Systems, Inc. of Thorofare, New Jersey, among others.
  • detectable tags were to be applied to articles of merchandise at their manufacturing stage, then a given product line would have to be processed in two different varieties, one tagged and one not tagged. Moreover, this segregation would have to be perpetuated throughout the subsequent distribution channels. The reason for this is that many--indeed most--stores do not yet use EAS. These non-EAS using stores would need to be reliably supplied with non-tagged articles; otherwise EAS tags would leave these stores, still attached to the articles being sold, and thereby create what is sometimes called "pollution" of the marketplace with EAS tags. Conversely, stores which do use EAS would have to be reliably supplied with tagged articles, or their EAS protection would become ineffective.
  • EAS tags were to be applied at an intermediate distribution stage, this would require breaking the bulk packaging which is typically used at those stages, handling the individual articles, and repackaging them in bulk. Furthermore, subsequent segregation of tagged and not-tagged articles would again be required.
  • US-A-4 021 705 forming the base of independent claim 1 discloses a resonant circuit tag having fuses to be destroyed for activation and deactivation.
  • Such resonant circuit tag is generally affixed in retail stores, libraries and the like facilities to items to be protected and is so used in the same labor intensive manner like other known resonant tags.
  • a resonant circuit tag which can be electronically deactivated without need of fuses. Before deactivation the resonant circuit exhibits two resonant frequencies one for detection of the tag by an associated electronic security system and the other for deactivation of the tag. Such resonant characteristics are achieved by two capacitors of different sizes whereof the larger one can be shortened out for deactivation to cancel both resonant frequencies. Therefore, such resonant circuit tag cannot be activated but must be active from the beginning. Finally, such tags must be affixed individually to articles, i.e. in an labor intensive manner.
  • the method of the invention is characterized by the steps claimed in the characterizing portion of independent claim 1. Further embodiments of the method of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
  • tags which, at that stage, are not yet detectable by the EAS equipment with which they are ultimately destined to function. Furthermore, these tags remain undetectable through the subsequent distribution channel, until they reach that stage at which it is inherently determined that all the so-tagged articles in a given bulk package will be used in an EAS equipped store. This will typically occur at the merchandise receiving facility of such an individual store. At that stage, the tags previously attached to the individual articles are rendered detectable and the articles with the now-detectable tags attached, are then processed through the store in conventional manner.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of the EAS tag treatment technique embodying the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of the equivalent circuit of a tag suitable for use in the treatment technique of Figure 1.
  • block 10 represents the manufacturing stage of the articles of merchandise which are to be subjected to the technique embodying the present invention.
  • EAS tags are applied to these articles in conjunction with their manufacture.
  • these tags are then in a state in which they would not be detectable by the particular type of EAS equipment with which they are designed to ultimately function.
  • Block 13 represents the distribution channel through which these now-tagged articles then pass on their way to the retail stores.
  • Block 14 represents the merchandise receiving facility of one of these retail stores.
  • Block 15 represents means, located preferably at store receiving facility 14, for "activating" the EAS tags attached to the articles which reach receiving facility 14 from distribution channel 13. By “activating” is meant rendering these tags detectable by the store's EAS equipment.
  • Block 16 represents the retail store in which the received articles, now bearing tags which are detectable, are displayed for retail sale.
  • Block 17 represents the means, in store 16, for deactivating those tags which are attached to articles whose removal from store 16 has become authorized, by virtue of the fact that these articles have been properly checked out.
  • Block 18 represents the EAS detection equipment with which the store 16 is equipped and the activity of detecting tags which have not been deactivated at checkout.
  • the manufacturing stage represented by block 10 may be entirely conventional, with the sole exception that EAS tags are applied to the merchandise at that stage.
  • this application can also be carried out by various, but well known and conventional means.
  • an EAS tag may simply be adhesively attached either to each article itself, or to the individual package for that article. Since these EAS tags are typically similar in external configuration to a thick piece of paper, 2,5 cm or 5 cm (an inch or two) square, and coated on one side with pressure sensitive adhesive, such application may involve nothing more than simply pressing them against a surface of the article or its individual packaging.
  • the application procedure may be the same as would previously have been performed at the retail store, itself, except that it can now be performed more efficiently, and more reliably, by means of the same type of machinery which is conventionally used in manufacturing to apply other kinds of tags and labels to articles of merchandise.
  • the distribution channel represented by block 13 in Figure 1 may be entirely conventional, comprising the various transportation means for moving merchandise to retail stores, the warehouses in which it is stored, etc. While in this channel, the merchandise is typically contained in bulk packaging, such as cardboard cases, each containing multiple units of the individual articles. In accordance with the present invention, these cases now contain articles to which not-yet-detectable EAS tags have already been attached.
  • Store receiving facility 14 may also be conventional, in that it comprises the customary unloading location and material handling equipment used by retail stores to receive their merchandise.
  • this receiving facility 14 there is also provided at this receiving facility 14 the means 15 for activating the heretofore not-detectable tags attached to the received merchandise. How this is done is described later in this specification.
  • this received merchandise is treated in the same way as in any other EAS equipped store. That-is, it is processed through store 16 in conventional manner, e.g. by being displayed in the merchandise display area and checked out after being selected by customers for purchase. As part of the checkout operation, the EAS tags are subjected to deactivation by means 17, or alternatively are detected by EAS detection equipment 18 upon unauthorized removal. All of this may be accomplished in completely conventional manner by completely conventional means.
  • the conventional EAS equipment 18 used to detect EAS tags which have not been deactivated by means 17 may be of the so-called swept-frequency RF type.
  • this type of equipment transmits a radio frequency (RF) signal whose frequency is periodically varied between, say, 7.4 and 9.0 MHz.
  • the EAS tags for use with this type of equipment comprise an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit which is resonant within that transmitted band, e.g. at approximately 8.2 MHz. The presence of the EAS tag distorts the RF signal and that distortion is detected by a nearby receiver which then gives an alarm.
  • LC inductor-capacitor
  • Such swept-frequency RF EAS-detection equipment is disclosed for example, in US-A-3 500 373, US-A-3 810 147 and US-A-3 828 337.
  • this may also operate on a swept-frequency RF basis in the 7.4 to 9.0 MHz range.
  • Such deactivating means is disclosed, for example, in above mentioned US-A-4 498 076 and in US-A-4 567 473.
  • Commercial EAS detection equipment, as well as deactivation equipment of this swept-frequency RF type is available from Checkpoint Systems, Inc. of Thorofare, New Jersey.
  • the equivalent circuit of such an EAS tag is seen to consist of a resonant circuit defined by inductor 22a and capacitors 24 and 25.
  • the electronic equipment which is used at activation stage 15 in Figure 1 in cooperation with a tag may be the same as illustrated and described in said US-A-4 498 076 and US-A-4 567 473, with two exceptions.
  • the frequencies at which it operates are in a range which includes the higher frequency (of approximately 18 MHz) at which the tag is initially resonant. This higher range may be from 16.5 to 19.5 MHz.
  • this electronic equipment operates at a substantially higher power.
  • the equipment By operating in the higher frequency range, the equipment becomes capable of shorting out the capacitor 25 via an indentation . By operating at high enough power, it becomes capable operating at high enough power, it becomes capable of shorting out that same capacitor simultaneously in a plurality of tags, such as would be present in a bulk package containing multiple units of merchandise articles to which such tags had been attached at the manufacturing and tag application stage 10, 11 of Figure 1.
  • Detection at stage 18 would result simply from having such an activated tag present in the swept-frequency RF field, whose distortion by that tag is then sensed by the EAS receiver, causing an alarm.
  • Deactivation at stage 17 would result from operating as disclosed in said US-A-4 498 076 and US-A-4 567 473, namely by shorting out capacitor 24. With both capacitors 24 and 25 (see Figure 2) so shorted out the tag again becomes undetectable at stage 18 of Figure 1.
  • the activating means 15 in order to perform the simultaneous activation of the tags attached to all the articles in a bulk package of merchandise, in accordance with the present invention, it may be necessary to operate the activating means 15 at higher power than the deactivating means 17, which is typically used to deactivate only one tag at a time. Such higher power may exceed the limit imposed by regulatory agencies such as the United States Federal Communications commission. If that should be the case, then a simple treatment is to provide an enclosure which contains the RF fields produced by the activating means and which is large enough to contain both that means and the EAS tag bearing merchandise, still in its bulk package. This enclosure may take any of various conventional forms, such as a metal box.
  • the same treatment namely enclosure of the activating means and the bulk package, may also be used if the frequency range within which the activating signal is transmitted presents a problem in terms of regulatory requirements. That frequency range is preferably so chosen that it does not include integral multiples of the frequency range within which the deactivation signal is subsequently transmitted. That is to forestall the possibility that the activating signal may also cause deactivation of the now-activated tags due to possible spurious resonances at multiples of the resonant frequency of the activated tags.
  • capacitor 25 is shorted out by the application of a sufficiently strong field at the initial frequency.
  • the total voltage developed by this applied field will appear across the series combination of that capacitor 25 and capacitor 24 (see Figure 2). However, this total voltage will be distributed between those capacitors in inverse proportion to their plate sizes.
  • tags can now be applied to the individual articles of merchandise in a manner which would not be convenient for store tagging.
  • the invention is not limited to use with articles for sale in retail stores.
  • Other applications can also benefit, such as book stores, video stores, etc.
  • the initial change in the tag's resonant frequency in order to "activate” it may involve an indentation in a capacitor.
  • the tags may be provided with two sets of capacitors connected by a fusible link, as disclosed more fully in US-A-3 967 161.
  • the fusible link may be opened at the activating stage 15 in Figure 1 in order to change the frequency to that which will then be detectable by the store's EAS system.
  • the even higher power which would be required to open such a fusible link is then dealt with by enclosure in an RF confining box, as previously discussed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Cash Registers Or Receiving Machines (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Labeling Devices (AREA)
  • Moving Of Heads (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
EP90915373A 1989-10-31 1990-10-04 Method for tagging articles used in conjunction with an electronic article surveillance system Expired - Lifetime EP0541544B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK96120857T DK0774740T3 (da) 1989-10-31 1990-10-04 Etiket til anvendelse med et elektronisk vareovervågningssystem
EP96120857A EP0774740B1 (en) 1989-10-31 1990-10-04 Tags or labels useful in connection with an electronic article surveillance system

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US42941389A 1989-10-31 1989-10-31
US429413 1989-10-31
PCT/US1990/005688 WO1991006934A1 (en) 1989-10-31 1990-10-04 Method for tagging articles used in conjunction with an electronic article surveillance system, and tags or labels useful in connection therewith

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96120857A Division EP0774740B1 (en) 1989-10-31 1990-10-04 Tags or labels useful in connection with an electronic article surveillance system

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0541544A4 EP0541544A4 (en) 1992-03-18
EP0541544A1 EP0541544A1 (en) 1993-05-19
EP0541544B1 true EP0541544B1 (en) 1999-05-06

Family

ID=23703134

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96120857A Expired - Lifetime EP0774740B1 (en) 1989-10-31 1990-10-04 Tags or labels useful in connection with an electronic article surveillance system
EP90915373A Expired - Lifetime EP0541544B1 (en) 1989-10-31 1990-10-04 Method for tagging articles used in conjunction with an electronic article surveillance system

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96120857A Expired - Lifetime EP0774740B1 (en) 1989-10-31 1990-10-04 Tags or labels useful in connection with an electronic article surveillance system

Country Status (15)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0774740B1 (es)
JP (3) JP3221876B2 (es)
KR (1) KR0172100B1 (es)
AT (2) ATE234491T1 (es)
AU (1) AU637418B2 (es)
CA (1) CA2064191C (es)
DE (2) DE69034050T2 (es)
DK (2) DK0774740T3 (es)
ES (2) ES2133272T3 (es)
FI (1) FI112553B (es)
IE (1) IE903893A1 (es)
MX (1) MX172162B (es)
NO (1) NO921564L (es)
NZ (1) NZ235685A (es)
WO (1) WO1991006934A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK166176C (da) * 1990-11-23 1993-08-09 Poul Richter Joergensen Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af maerkesedler med svingningskredse, som kan aktiveres og deaktiveres
US5218189A (en) * 1991-09-09 1993-06-08 Checkpoint Systems, Inc. Binary encoded multiple frequency rf indentification tag
US5237307A (en) * 1991-11-27 1993-08-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Non-contact tamper sensing by electronic means
FR2701146A1 (fr) * 1993-02-03 1994-08-05 Boutonner Tranier Jean Marc Etiquette de détection radiomagnétique.
US5751256A (en) * 1994-03-04 1998-05-12 Flexcon Company Inc. Resonant tag labels and method of making same
DE19947695A1 (de) * 1999-10-04 2001-04-05 Meto International Gmbh Verfahren zum Aktivieren grosser Mengen von Sicherungselementen für die elektronische Artikelsicherung, Grossaktivator zum Aktivieren dieser Sicherungselemente sowie mit dem Verfahren oder dem Grossaktivator aktivierte Sicherungselemente
DE19958466A1 (de) 1999-12-04 2001-06-07 Meto International Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Anzeigen des Zustands von EM- oder AM-Sicherungsetiketten
US6400271B1 (en) * 2000-03-20 2002-06-04 Checkpoint Systems, Inc. Activate/deactiveable security tag with enhanced electronic protection for use with an electronic security system
CN100382104C (zh) 2003-07-07 2008-04-16 艾利丹尼森公司 具有可改变特性的射频识别装置
EP2286391B1 (en) * 2008-05-15 2019-08-14 Thin Film Electronics ASA Surveillance devices with multiple capacitors
US8912890B2 (en) 2012-10-01 2014-12-16 Thin Film Electronics Asa Surveillance devices with multiple capacitors
EP3113130A1 (en) * 2015-03-08 2017-01-04 Vitto Claut Embedded alarm and safety system for artworks

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US3493955A (en) * 1968-04-17 1970-02-03 Monere Corp Method and apparatus for detecting the unauthorized movement of articles
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US4021705A (en) * 1975-03-24 1977-05-03 Lichtblau G J Resonant tag circuits having one or more fusible links
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US4498076A (en) 1982-05-10 1985-02-05 Lichtblau G J Resonant tag and deactivator for use in an electronic security system
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US4745401A (en) * 1985-09-09 1988-05-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company RF reactivatable marker for electronic article surveillance system
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US4673923A (en) * 1986-05-19 1987-06-16 Checkpoint Systems, Inc. Article surveillance using reactivatable resonant tags
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2194951T3 (es) 2003-12-01
ES2133272T3 (es) 1999-09-16
FI920847A0 (fi) 1992-02-26
NO921564D0 (no) 1992-04-23
CA2064191C (en) 1996-12-24
ATE179822T1 (de) 1999-05-15
WO1991006934A1 (en) 1991-05-16
JPH05501320A (ja) 1993-03-11
JP2000315284A (ja) 2000-11-14
JP3221876B2 (ja) 2001-10-22
DE69034050D1 (de) 2003-04-17
EP0541544A1 (en) 1993-05-19
AU637418B2 (en) 1993-05-27
FI112553B (fi) 2003-12-15
DE69033093T2 (de) 1999-12-09
IE903893A1 (en) 1991-05-08
DE69034050T2 (de) 2003-12-04
EP0774740A1 (en) 1997-05-21
NO921564L (no) 1992-04-23
MX172162B (es) 1993-12-06
EP0541544A4 (en) 1992-03-18
DK0774740T3 (da) 2003-06-10
JP2002197159A (ja) 2002-07-12
KR920704248A (ko) 1992-12-19
AU6542690A (en) 1991-05-31
KR0172100B1 (ko) 1999-05-01
NZ235685A (en) 1993-04-28
DE69033093D1 (de) 1999-06-10
DK0541544T3 (da) 1999-11-01
CA2064191A1 (en) 1991-05-01
ATE234491T1 (de) 2003-03-15
EP0774740B1 (en) 2003-03-12

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