EP0536962B1 - Wärmetauscher mit beweglichen Röhrenanordnungen - Google Patents

Wärmetauscher mit beweglichen Röhrenanordnungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0536962B1
EP0536962B1 EP92309038A EP92309038A EP0536962B1 EP 0536962 B1 EP0536962 B1 EP 0536962B1 EP 92309038 A EP92309038 A EP 92309038A EP 92309038 A EP92309038 A EP 92309038A EP 0536962 B1 EP0536962 B1 EP 0536962B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duct
hanger
aperture
heat exchanger
roof
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92309038A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0536962A1 (de
Inventor
Guy T. Thompson
Eugene S. Denysenko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deltak Corp
Original Assignee
Deltak Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/774,009 external-priority patent/US5219150A/en
Priority claimed from US07/774,007 external-priority patent/US5131459A/en
Application filed by Deltak Corp filed Critical Deltak Corp
Publication of EP0536962A1 publication Critical patent/EP0536962A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0536962B1 publication Critical patent/EP0536962B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/20—Supporting arrangements, e.g. for securing water-tube sets
    • F22B37/202—Suspension and securing arrangements for contact heating surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heat exchangers and steam generators; and specifically to heat recovery steam generators.
  • Typical HRSG systems comprise a large steel duct that channels hot gas over several banks of internal tubes which contain water. As the hot gases pass over the tubes, heat is absorbed by water flowing in the tubes.
  • conventional systems are designed so that the tube banks are packed very densely into the duct. The dense configuration forces the hot gas to flow directly over the tube surfaces.
  • the ends of the tube banks are in close proximity to the walls of the duct to eliminate passages above, below and on either side of the banks through which the hot gases could bypass the tubes.
  • Designers of conventional HRSG systems often went to great lengths to plug even the smallest openings or cracks that might allow such bypassing to occur.
  • US-A-1,883,301 describes a mercury boiler having a duct through which heat can pass with a floor and a roof and a plurality of tube asemblies within the duct with each assembly including a header from which a plurality of tubes extend. Levelling movement of the headers is provided for.
  • a heat exchanger comprises:
  • Baffles can be provided in the duct to restrict gas flow in these spaces which otherwise would bypass the plurality of tube panels.
  • the apertures in the roof are elongated to permit horizontal, as well as vertical, movement of the tube assemblies.
  • a jack which rests on the structural member and connects to the hangers for raising and lowering the panels.
  • the jack may have rollers or other means that enable it to be moved along the structural member to transfer the tube panel horizontally.
  • a heat recovery steam generator 10 includes a duct 11 with a gas inlet 12. Exhaust gases from a combustion process flow in the direction indicated by arrow 13 from the inlet 12 through the duct.
  • the inlet opens into a large section of the steam generator which for example is fifty feet high, twelve feet across (in the dimension into the paper) and 120 feet long.
  • the gas continues to flow through the duct 11 to an outlet (not shown) on the remote end from the inlet 12.
  • each panel consists of several tubes 16.
  • the tubes 16 of each panel extend between an upper and a lower pipe header 18 and 19, respectively.
  • Both headers 18 and 19 have a plurality of openings therein into which the tubes 16 are welded to provide fluid communication between the header and the tubes.
  • the headers of adjacent panels are connected together by additional piping so that water can be introduced into one of the headers, flow through the tubes 16 and out the other header.
  • the welds of the tube to the headers are a common point of failure during operation of the steam generator 10.
  • a first set of vertical tubes 16 extend from the upper header 18 in a common plane across the duct.
  • a second coplanar set of vertical tubes also extends from the upper header 14 offset from the first set along the direction of the gas flow.
  • a separate helical fin assembly, indicated by broken lines 17, is attached to the exterior of each tube to increase heat transfer.
  • the tubes are closely spaced with respect to each other in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. This close spacing optimizes the heat transfer between the hot gas flowing through duct 11 and the water flowing through tubes 16.
  • each hanger 30 includes a bracket 28 welded to the top surface of the upper pipe header 18.
  • the bracket 28 has an aperture therethrough that receives a pin which attaches the bracket to a coupling member 31 at one end of a support rod 32.
  • This assembly provides a pivotal connection of the tube panel 14 to the support rod 32.
  • the support rods extend upward through elongated apertures 26 in roof 20.
  • a number of I-beams 22 extend transversely across the duct 11 on the exterior of roof 20 to support the tube assemblies.
  • the ends of transverse beams 22 attach to vertical structural members (not shown) on the sides of the duct.
  • Two pairs of longitudinal I-beams 24 are attached to and extend between adjacent transverse beams 22. As shown in Figure 3, the longitudinal beams 24 of each pair are spaced apart and lie on either side of a elongated aperture 26 in the roof 20.
  • a C-support 34 bar is placed between the upper surfaces of the pair of longitudinal beams 24 on both sides of each support rod 32.
  • the support rod passes upward through an aperture in a hanger plate 36 which spans adjacent C-support bars 34.
  • the upper end of the support rod 32 is threaded and receives a pair of nuts 38 which are locked in place by tightening them against one another. A short portion of the support rod extends beyond the nuts 38.
  • a cover box 40 is placed over and is welded to the longitudinal beams 24 to seal the aperture 26 in the duct roof 20 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the remaining figures of the drawings show the cover box 40 removed as occurs during inspection and maintenance of the steam generator. Additional means (not shown) can be used in sealing the aperture to prevent the exhaust gas flowing through the duct from travelling up into the cover, thereby bypassing the tube panels 14.
  • baffle plates 41 bolted to the interior of the roof 20 before and after each group of panels 14.
  • the baffle plates abut the upper pipe header 18 of the panels on each end of the group.
  • baffle plates 41 close the gap between the upper pipe headers 18 and the roof 20, thereby preventing the exhaust gases from passing above the group of tube panels.
  • a similar pair of baffles 42 are welded to the floor 21 of the duct to likewise block exhaust gases from flowing in the space between the lower pipe headers 19 and the duct floor.
  • Each group of tube panels 14 is separated by a cavity 44.
  • Access openings 46 are cut in the roof 20 and are sealed by doors 48 during generator operation. These openings allow service personnel to enter the duct for inspection and repair of the tube panels 14. Similar openings 49 are located on the sidewall of the duct 11 near the floor 21, allowing maintenance personnel access to the space below each group of panels.
  • the steam generator 10 is specifically designed for ease of maintenance.
  • the spaces above and below each group of panels allow a technician to enter the duct and inspect the welds where tubes 16 attach to the upper and lower headers 18 and 19.
  • the suspension of the tube panels 14 permits vertical movement for inspection and servicing as shown in Figure 2.
  • To gain access to a specific panel the connection of its upper and lower headers to interconnecting piping is severed. The panel then is raised or lowered by a pair of jacks 50 which are installed for that purpose.
  • Each jack 50 has a base 52 formed by a horizontal plate 53 and two spaced apart vertical plates 54 extending downward from the base plate 53.
  • Each of the vertical members 54 has an inverted U-shape with the cross member of the U welded to base plate 53.
  • Each leg of the U-shaped vertical member 54 has an aperture therethrough containing a ball bearing.
  • a pair of rollers 56 extends between the vertical members 54 and fit into the ball bearings.
  • the base plate has a central opening 58 therethrough which is positioned over the end of a support rod 32.
  • a pair of fluid operated cylinders 60 such as hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, are mounted vertically on the upper surface of the base plate 53 of each jack 50.
  • a jacking frame 62 extends between the upper ends of the cylinders 60. The jacking frame has a central aperture which is aligned with the end of the support rod 32 when the jack is positioned on the steam generator 10.
  • a coupling 66 at one end of a rod extension 64 is threaded onto the upper end of the support rod 32.
  • the other end of the extension rod 64 projects through the aperture in the jacking frame 62 and has a nut 68 threaded thereon.
  • the jacks 50 are placed in their compressed state and attached to the support rods 32. Fluid is then pumped into each of the cylinders 60 thereby raising the jacking frame 62 and the panel 14 as shown in Figure 2. Maintenance personnel then can enter the duct through one of the roof access openings 46 and visually inspect the welds along the raised upper pipe header 18.
  • the tube panel 14 can be lowered for inspection of the lower pipe header 19.
  • a pair of jacks 50 are positioned over the pair of support rods 32 for the panel and extended to substantially their full length by pumping hydraulic fluid into the cylinders 60. Nuts are tightened on the extension rods 64 which have been attached to the ends of the support rods 32. Additional fluid is pumped into the cylinder 60 to raise the panel 14 slightly. With reference to Figures 2 and 4, raising the panel 14 removes the pressure exerted by the hanger plates 38 on the C-supports 34. This permits the C-supports to be extracted between the legs of the U-shaped vertical members 54 of the jacks. The removal of the C-supports 34 allows the panel 14 to be lowered within the duct 11.
  • the panel is raised so that a gap exists between the hanger plates 36 and the longitudinal beams 24 which is slightly greater than the height of the C-supports 34.
  • the C-supports are inserted between the legs of the U-shaped vertical members 54 of the jack 50.
  • the panel is lowered so that the hanger plates 34 drop onto the C-supports 34.
  • the extension rods 64 can be removed and the jacks 50 transferred to raise or lower another panel 14 within the steam generator 10.
  • each of the support rods 34 extends through an elongated aperture 26 in the roof 20. This aperture runs substantially the full distance between the transverse beams 22. Should it become necessary, access between the tube panels 14 of a group can be accomplished by moving the panels along these apertures 26. To do so, the appropriate baffles 41 and 42 are removed and the jacks 50 are attached to the outermost panel 14 of the group. That panel then is raised upward and moved longitudinally by rolling the jack 50 over the longitudinal beam 24 until the panel has been pushed away from the others. The outermost panel then can be lowered onto properly positioned C-supports 34 and the jack 50 used to similarly move other panels of the group until a space exists adjacent the panel that requires inspection or repair. The maintenance personnel enter the space created between the panels to perform the necessary work.
  • the panels are moved back into their original positions and reattached to the interconnecting piping which carries water to and from the panel assembly.
  • the doors over openings 46 and 49 are closed and the cover box 40 welded in place to seal the apertures 26 in roof 20.
  • the structure of the present steam generator 10 provides access spaces between the groups of tube panels 14 and in the duct 11 above and below the tube panels. These spaces are blocked off by baffles to prevent the flow of exhaust gases bypassing the panel assembly during operation of the steam generator.
  • the hanging support structure enables a tube panel 14 to be moved both vertically and horizontally as needed.
  • the structure of the steam generator 10 provides a densely packed bundle of tubes which is desirable for efficient heat transfer while facilitating access for maintenance.
  • FIGS 5 and 6 show orthogonal views of another embodiment of a jack 70 that can be used to move the tube panels 14 within the steam generator 10.
  • Jack 70 is formed by a base assembly 71 and an upper jacking frame 72.
  • the base assembly 71 includes a flat base plate 53 identical to the one shown in Figure 4 which bears the same reference numeral.
  • Two hollow tubular members 74 and 75 are mounted on the upper surface of the base plate 53 on opposite sides of the central opening 58.
  • a separate pair of side braces 76 is attached to each of the tubular members 74 and 75 to provide lateral support.
  • a pair of cross bars 77 extend between the side braces 76 on opposite sides of the central opening 58.
  • the side braces 76 and cross bars 77 are welded to each other, to the base plate 53 and to tubular members 74 and 75.
  • Two mounting bars 78 are welded on the under side of the base plate 53 beneath the side braces 76.
  • a ball bearing assembly 80 is bolted at each end of the mounting bars 78.
  • Two rollers 82 extend between opposing pairs of ball bearing assemblies 80. These roller bars 82 rest on the longitudinal I-beams 24 when the jack 70 is placed on the steam generator 10.
  • the length of the roller bars and the spacing between the ball bearing assemblies 80 is selected so that the jack 70 can span the upper plates of a pair of longitudinal I-beams 24 as shown in Figure 3 with respect to jack 50. In this position, the ball bearing assemblies guide the jack 70 as it rolls along the I-beams preventing the jack from riding off the beam.
  • a fluid operated cylinder 84 is mounted vertically within each of the tubular members 74 and 75 of the base assembly 71.
  • Each cylinder 84 has a fitting 85 through which hydraulic fluid can be pumped and withdrawn to extend and contract the cylinder.
  • the jacking frame 72 has a cross plate 86 with a cylindrical member 87 mounted on its upper surface over a centrally located aperture through the cross plate.
  • the rod extension 64 extends through the aperture in cross plate 86 and another aperture in cylindrical member 87 when the jack 70 is placed on the steam generator 10.
  • the cylindrical member 87 is supported by two side plates 88 welded to opposite sides of the member and to the cross plate 86.
  • Two cylinder tubes 89 are welded to the underside of the cross plate 86 and spaced apart to receive the upper ends of the cylinders 84.
  • the jacking frame 72 When fluid is pumped to extend each of the cylinders 84, the jacking frame 72 is raised with respect to the base assembly 71. This action pulls the extension rod 64 and the support rod 32 upward with respect to the duct 11 on which the jack 70 is mounted. By pushing laterally, the jack 70 can be rolled along the longitudinal I-beams 24. The cylinders 84 collapse when the fluid is released, thereby lowering the jacking frame toward the base assembly 71. The contraction of the cylinders 84 is aided by the weight of the tube panel 14 that is exerted downward on the jacking frame 72.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Wärmetauscher (10) mit einem Kanal (11), durch den erhitztes Gas strömen kann und der einen Boden (21) und ein Dach (20) aufweist und eine Mehrzahl von Rohrgruppen (14) enthält, die jeweils einen Verteiler (18) aufweisen, von dem sich eine Mehrzahl von Rohren (16) erstreckt, und die jeweils an einem eigenen Gehänge (30) angebracht sind, das ein länglichen Bauteil (32) aufweist, welches sich durch eine Öffnung (26) im Dach (20) des Kanals (1) erstreckt, wobei jedes Gehänge seine Rohrgruppe innerhalb des Kanals in einer Stellung hält, in der Zwischenräume zwischen der Gruppe und der Decke und zwischen der Gruppe und dem Boden vorhanden sind, und wobei Mittel vorgesehen sind, die an dem länglichen Bauteil (32) angebracht und betätigbar sind, um das längliche Bauteil und dadurch die Rohrgruppe (14) senk-recht in dem Kanal anzuheben und einer Person einen Zugang zu den Verbindungen zwischen dem Verteiler (18) und den Rohren (16) zu ermöglichen.
  2. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch ein Leitblech (41 oder 42) in dem Kanal (11), das verhindert, daß Gas durch die Zwischenräume strömt und den Strömungspfad zwischen den Rohrgruppen umgeht.
  3. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Leitblech (41 oder 42) lösbar an dem Kanal angebracht ist.
  4. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei jedes Gehänge (30) einen am Verteiler (18) angebrachten Halter (28) und ein Kupplungsglied (31) aufweist, das den Halter schwenkbar mit den länglichen Bauteil (32) verbindet.
  5. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Mittel, die das Gehänge tragen, zwei Bauelemente (22), die sich sich über die Außenseite des Daches erstrekken, wobei sich die Öffnung (26) in der Decke zwischen den Bauelementen befindet, sowie ein Auflager (24) aufweisen, das sich zwischen den Bauelementen (22) erstreckt und an dem das Gehänge (30) lösbar befestigt ist.
  6. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, wobei jedes Gehänge (30) einen am Verteiler (18) angebrachten Halter (28) und eine mit dem Halter verbundenen Stange (32) aufweist, die sich durch die Öffnung (26) im Dach (20) des Kanals (11) erstreckt, wobei die Mittel, die das Gehänge tragen, zwei Bauelemente (22), die sich im wesentlichen parallel zueinander und in einem Abstand voneinander mit der Öffnung (26) zwischen sich über die Außenseite des Daches erstrecken, ein Auflager (24), das sich zwischen den Bauelementen (22) erstreckt und eine Öffnung hat, durch die sich die Stange (32) erstreckt, sowie ein Halteelement (38) aufweist, das lösbar an der Stange (32) angebracht ist und die Bewegung des Stange durch die Öffnung in dem Auflager begrenzt.
  7. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Öffnung im Dach des Kanals länglich ist, um sowohl eine horizontale als auch eine vertikale Bewegung einer Rohrgruppe in dem Kanal zu ermöglichen.
  8. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine an einem Gehänge (30) angreifende Hubvorrichtung (50) zum Anheben und Absenken einer Rohrgruppe (14) innerhalb des Kanals (11).
  9. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Hubvorrichtung (50) Rollen (82) zum horizontalen Bewegen der Rohrgruppe (14) innerhalb des Kanals (11) aufweist.
  10. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
    gekennzeichnet durch eine Hubvorrichtung (50) zum Anheben und Absenken einer Rohrgruppe (14), mit
    - einer Grundplatte (71),
    - zwei an einer Unterseite der Grundplatte (71) angebrachten Rollen (82), durch die die Hubvorrichtung entweder auf dem Kanal (11) oder auf den das Gehänge tragenden Mitteln (22,24,34,38) laufen kann,
    - zwei Druckmittelzylindern (84), die an einem Ende mit der Grundplatte (71) verbunden sind und sich auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Öffnung (26) von der Grundplatte nach oben erstrecken,
    - einem Hubrahmen (72), der an einem anderen Ende der beiden Druckmittelzylinder (84) angebracht ist, und
    - Mitteln (64,66,68) zur Anbringung des Hubrahmens (72) an dem Gehänge (30) der Rohrgruppe (14).
  11. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 10 mit der Hubvorrichtung (50), wobei die Mittel zur Befestigung des Hubrahmens (72) an dem Gehänge (30) eine Verlängerung (64) aufweisen, die an einem sich durch die Öffnung (26) im Dach (20) des Kanals (11) erstreckenden Abschnitt des Gehänges anbringbar ist und sich durch eine Öffnung im Hubrahmen (72) hindurch erstreckt und mit einstellbaren Mitteln (68) versehen ist, welche die Abwärtsbewegung der Verlängerung durch die Öffnung im Hubrahmen hindurch begrenzen.
EP92309038A 1991-10-08 1992-10-02 Wärmetauscher mit beweglichen Röhrenanordnungen Expired - Lifetime EP0536962B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US774009 1991-10-08
US07/774,009 US5219150A (en) 1991-10-08 1991-10-08 Fluid jack for a heat exchanger
US07/774,007 US5131459A (en) 1991-10-08 1991-10-08 Heat exchanger with movable tube assemblies
US774007 1991-10-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0536962A1 EP0536962A1 (de) 1993-04-14
EP0536962B1 true EP0536962B1 (de) 1997-06-18

Family

ID=27118828

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92309038A Expired - Lifetime EP0536962B1 (de) 1991-10-08 1992-10-02 Wärmetauscher mit beweglichen Röhrenanordnungen

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0536962B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69220445T2 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202100021287A1 (it) * 2021-08-05 2023-02-05 Ruths S P A Banco di scambio termico per impianti di incenerimento rifiuti

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19909267B4 (de) * 1999-03-03 2015-07-09 Alstom Technology Ltd. Kesselaufhängung
CN105928375A (zh) * 2016-05-06 2016-09-07 北京立化科技有限公司 内置式集箱系统
CN111520921B (zh) * 2020-04-14 2021-10-01 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 一种薄壁熔盐吸热器管屏

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1883301A (en) * 1929-04-23 1932-10-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Mercury boiler having horizontal headers

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3751783A (en) * 1971-06-22 1973-08-14 Combustion Eng Method of erection of horizontal surfaced heat transfer modules for steam generating units
DE3441972C2 (de) * 1984-11-16 1987-03-26 Belgorodskij zavod energetičeskogo mašinostroenija imeni 60-letija Sojuza SSR, Belgorod Kessel
US4685426A (en) * 1986-05-05 1987-08-11 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Modular exhaust gas steam generator with common boiler casing

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1883301A (en) * 1929-04-23 1932-10-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Mercury boiler having horizontal headers

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202100021287A1 (it) * 2021-08-05 2023-02-05 Ruths S P A Banco di scambio termico per impianti di incenerimento rifiuti
EP4130572A1 (de) * 2021-08-05 2023-02-08 Ruths S.p.A. Wärmetauschbündel

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Publication number Publication date
EP0536962A1 (de) 1993-04-14
DE69220445T2 (de) 1998-02-12
DE69220445D1 (de) 1997-07-24

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