EP0532849B1 - Verdampfungswärmetauscher - Google Patents

Verdampfungswärmetauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0532849B1
EP0532849B1 EP92111539A EP92111539A EP0532849B1 EP 0532849 B1 EP0532849 B1 EP 0532849B1 EP 92111539 A EP92111539 A EP 92111539A EP 92111539 A EP92111539 A EP 92111539A EP 0532849 B1 EP0532849 B1 EP 0532849B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
evaporation
medium
cooling liquid
exchanger according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92111539A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0532849A2 (de
EP0532849A3 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Prof. Dr. Leidinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz Aerospace AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Benz Aerospace AG filed Critical Daimler Benz Aerospace AG
Publication of EP0532849A2 publication Critical patent/EP0532849A2/de
Publication of EP0532849A3 publication Critical patent/EP0532849A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0532849B1 publication Critical patent/EP0532849B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/04—Evaporators with horizontal tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/46—Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions
    • B64G1/50—Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions for temperature control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/006—Preventing deposits of ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0021—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for aircrafts or cosmonautics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
    • F28D2021/0064—Vaporizers, e.g. evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0071—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
    • F28F2009/226—Transversal partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/04—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes comprising shape memory alloys or bimetallic elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an evaporative heat exchanger according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Evaporative heat exchangers are used for this purpose.
  • the basic principle of such heat exchangers is that the medium to be cooled in an active liquid circuit for heat dissipation is brought into heat-transferring contact with a medium to be evaporated, which is stored in an on-board storage container and which is then released into the environment in the form of steam from the spacecraft.
  • the cooling liquid flows through individual channels through a process space into which the medium to be evaporated is sprayed in droplets through an inlet valve.
  • the cooling liquid flows openly through the process space, while the medium to be evaporated is passed through this space through individual, generally bundle-like channels.
  • the cooling liquid is additionally forced to a meandering flow pattern by orifices arranged in the process space.
  • the object of the invention is to design an evaporative heat exchanger according to the generic term so that it offers a simple and at the same time functionally reliable option for regulating the evaporative temperature of the medium to be evaporated.
  • the pressure of the vaporized medium is influenced by a variation in the outlet cross section and in this way at the same time the vaporization temperature is influenced so that a risk of icing is reliably excluded.
  • This is done in a particularly simple manner in that the steam flow is divided into several partial flows, each of which is passed through separate exhaust covers.
  • the evaporation pressure can then be influenced in a simple manner by specifically opening or closing individual ones of these orifices.
  • the opening or closing can be carried out by a control device, in the simplest case a bimetal spring, which is acted upon by the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid.
  • the evaporative heat exchanger shown in Fig. 1 consists of a cylindrical housing 1, in which a bundle of similar tubes 3 is arranged in a process space 2, which run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing 1 and which, as shown in particular by the cross-sectional view in Fig. 4, evenly distributed over the entire cross section of the process space are.
  • the distance between the individual tubes 3 is chosen to be at least as large as the distance that the imaginary edge of the tube bundle is from the inner wall of the housing 1.
  • the ends of the housing 1 each have a connecting flange 4 or 5, via which the housing 1 is connected to two end bodies 6 and 7, the construction of which is explained in more detail below.
  • left end body 6 has a central inlet space 8 for the medium to be evaporated, in the case of the embodiment of the invention described here ammonia (NH3), which tapers conically in the direction of an inlet valve 9.
  • NH3 ammonia
  • the radius of the inlet space 8, which is open towards the process space 2 is dimensioned such that it comprises an inner group of tubes 3, the number of which is approximately 50 percent of the total number of tubes 3 present. These tubes protrude through a perforated plate 10, which forms the actual closure of the process space 2, into the interior of the inlet space 8.
  • FIG. 3 Two of these outlet openings 12 to 15, which are hidden in the illustration in FIG. 1, can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • the outlet openings 12 to 15 can each be closed by screens, not shown here, as will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 10.
  • Fig. 3 in which the arrangement described above is shown rotated by 90 o with respect to the representation according to FIG
  • Another outlet 16 and an inlet 17 can be seen, both of which are provided for the cooling liquid, in the present case water, and which are connected directly to the process space 2. While the outlet 16 is arranged on a region of enlarged diameter of the housing 1, the inlet 17 is located on a cylindrical partial region of the end body 7 on the right in the drawing.
  • the tubes 3 containing the medium to be evaporated are led to a collecting space 18 which delimits the interior of the closure body 7 and via which the group of inner tubes 3 which are connected to the inlet space 8 are connected to the group of external tubes 3.
  • baffles are arranged inside the process space 2. These deflecting diaphragms are, on the one hand, perforated diaphragms 19 as shown in FIG. 5 and in which an opening 20 remains in the middle of the process space 2.
  • there are ring diaphragms 21 which open an opening in the form of an annular gap in the process space 2.
  • the entire arrangement is mounted on a carrier 22.
  • FIG. 7 The mode of operation of the arrangement described above is to be explained on the basis of a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, which is initially illustrated in FIG. 7 by means of a greatly simplified schematic diagram.
  • this schematic diagram has omitted the representation of the process space present between the individual tubes 33 which carry the medium to be evaporated.
  • the tubes 33 arranged in the interior of a housing 31 in a process space 32 are combined into a total of three groups: a central group 34, consisting of approximately 20 to 30 tubes arranged in the center of the bundle, an intermediate group 35 with approximately the same number of tubes and an edge group 36 with approximately 30 to 40 tubes.
  • these groups of tubes are connected to one another via collection spaces, specifically groups 34 and 35 via the central collection space 37 and groups 35 and 36, on the inlet side of the medium to be evaporated, via the annular collection space 38. which surrounds the inlet opening 39 for the medium to be evaporated.
  • the evaporated medium is collected in an outlet space 40.
  • the latter is closed by a plate 52 shown in FIG. 9, in which a plurality of perforated screens 53 to 56 are arranged.
  • the centrally arranged diaphragm 53 cannot be changed, while the diaphragms 54 to 56 can each be closed by a mechanism as shown in FIG. 10.
  • This mechanism consists of a flap 57, which is held on a bimetallic spring 58, which in turn is inserted between two tubes 59 and 60. The latter belong to a loop through which a portion of the cooling liquid entering the process space 32 flows.
  • baffles 49 and 51 are alternately provided.
  • the inlet and outlet opening for the cooling liquid flowing through the process space have been omitted in this illustration.
  • the directions of movement for the liquid, in this case again water, and the medium to be evaporated, ammonia, are each identified by arrows.
  • the coolant enters the right part of the process space in the drawing with an inlet temperature which, in the case of the exemplary embodiment described here, is between about 24 and 67 ° C. Then flowing between the tubes with the medium to be evaporated therethrough, while the majority of transfers in its contained heat to this medium before exiting with a temperature of about 5 to 6 o C from the process space.
  • the deflecting orifices arranged alternately in the process space, as can be seen in FIG. 6, cause a meandering flow of the cooling liquid, which leads to constant renewed mixing and thus to a very homogeneous temperature distribution of the strands of cooling liquid flowing between the tubes.
  • the medium to be evaporated On the other side is fed the medium to be evaporated with an inlet temperature of about -10 o C to the central group of tubes.
  • the medium to be evaporated When flowing through the tubes, it heats up to the evaporation temperature and may already start to evaporate.
  • the end of the tubes At the end of the tubes it gets into the common room for all tubes in the central group, which is at the end of the exhaust pipe, from where it is redirected and introduced into the tubes of the intermediate group. Here it mixes due to the deflection by 180 o .
  • the ammonia now flows in the same direction as the water to be cooled from the ammonia exhaust side to the ammonia injection side and evaporates almost completely.
  • the ammonia - loaded with a few residual drops - flows again against the water flow through the edge tubes to the water inlet and ammonia outlet side of the heat exchanger.
  • it heats up to a residual temperature difference of about 5 to 10 o C to the water inlet temperature, which, depending on the load, is between 24 and 67 o C and finally enters the outlet space 40 delimited by the plate 52.
  • opening and closing one or Several of the orifices 54 to 56 can now set the evaporation pressure so that there is no risk of icing for the coolant.
  • the aperture is varied as a function of the inlet temperature of the coolant, so that the optimum operating state is guaranteed at all times.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP92111539A 1991-09-14 1992-07-08 Verdampfungswärmetauscher Expired - Lifetime EP0532849B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4130693A DE4130693C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1991-09-14 1991-09-14
DE4130693 1991-09-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0532849A2 EP0532849A2 (de) 1993-03-24
EP0532849A3 EP0532849A3 (en) 1993-04-21
EP0532849B1 true EP0532849B1 (de) 1995-06-28

Family

ID=6440671

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92111539A Expired - Lifetime EP0532849B1 (de) 1991-09-14 1992-07-08 Verdampfungswärmetauscher

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5253701A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0532849B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP2651089B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE4130693C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
RU (1) RU2071017C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4243316C2 (de) * 1992-12-21 1996-04-18 Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag Ölkühler für Raumfahrzeuge
GB9303355D0 (en) * 1993-02-19 1993-04-07 Yorkshire Process Plant Method and apparatus for the treatment of sugar confectionary
DE10157714A1 (de) * 2001-11-24 2003-06-26 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zum Beeinflussen der Betriebstemperatur eines hydraulischen Betriebsmittels für ein Antriebsaggregat eines Fahrzeuges
DE10333463C5 (de) * 2003-07-22 2014-04-24 Alstom Technology Ltd. Rohrbündelwärmetauscher
RU2362955C2 (ru) * 2004-04-23 2009-07-27 Орхускарлсхамн Денмарк А/С Способ, аппарат, система и теплообменник для повышения температуры вещества, которое первоначально находилось в контейнере в, по меньшей мере, частично затвердевшем состоянии
US9243847B2 (en) * 2009-11-04 2016-01-26 Evapco, Inc. Hybrid heat exchange apparatus
US8678753B2 (en) * 2009-11-30 2014-03-25 Rolls-Royce Corporation Passive flow control through turbine engine

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2867990A (en) * 1956-01-24 1959-01-13 Garrett Corp Spray type evaporative cooler
GB1129404A (en) * 1966-03-17 1968-10-02 Vauxhall Motors Ltd Radiators for motor vehicle engines
JPS5992391U (ja) * 1982-12-11 1984-06-22 大生工業株式会社 熱交換媒体制御装置
JPS59189290A (ja) * 1983-03-28 1984-10-26 チユ−イ　インダストリ−ズ　インコ−ポレ−テツド 熱交換器
DE3419442A1 (de) * 1983-05-25 1984-12-20 Kogata Gasu Reibo-gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai, Tokio/Tokyo Waermetauscher
DE3718873C1 (en) * 1987-06-05 1988-11-10 Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh Evaporative cooler
JP2592869B2 (ja) * 1987-11-17 1997-03-19 宇宙開発事業団 熱交換装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2071017C1 (ru) 1996-12-27
JP2651089B2 (ja) 1997-09-10
JPH05203376A (ja) 1993-08-10
US5253701A (en) 1993-10-19
DE4130693C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-10-29
EP0532849A2 (de) 1993-03-24
EP0532849A3 (en) 1993-04-21

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