EP0530541B1 - Hydraulic cylinder - Google Patents

Hydraulic cylinder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0530541B1
EP0530541B1 EP92113537A EP92113537A EP0530541B1 EP 0530541 B1 EP0530541 B1 EP 0530541B1 EP 92113537 A EP92113537 A EP 92113537A EP 92113537 A EP92113537 A EP 92113537A EP 0530541 B1 EP0530541 B1 EP 0530541B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
damping
hydraulic cylinder
cylinder according
piston
groove
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP92113537A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0530541A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Büter
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HYDRAULIK TECHNIEK
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HYDRAULIK TECHNIEK
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/22Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke
    • F15B15/222Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke having a piston with a piston extension or piston recess which throttles the main fluid outlet as the piston approaches its end position

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic cylinder with end position damping in a design according to the preamble of claim 1 as known from DE-A-3 415 829.
  • the stroke movement of the working piston is braked before reaching the respective stroke end position in that a damping attachment located in the direction of movement in front of the working piston with a reduced cross section compared to the piston diameter before reaching the stroke end prevents a direct outlet of the hydraulic medium from the respective pressure chamber in that the damping attachment in immerses a liquid-tight sliding engagement with a receiving bore located in the area of the respective cylinder end part, in the bottom area of which an outlet channel discharges the hydraulic medium via an adjustable throttle.
  • Such lifting cylinders are exposed to high wear in the area of the damping attachment and the receiving bore, and the arrangement of the throttle and a check valve in the respective cylinder end part is associated with a high level of construction expenditure, which adversely affects the production and operating costs
  • the invention provides a hydraulic cylinder with end position damping, which is achieved with simple means in that the hydraulic medium, as a damping means, can be discharged via the throttle groove from the area of the receiving bore in front of the respective cylinder end part and the spring chamber, the damping piston brought into support engagement on the cylinder end part for this purpose the safety of displacement of the working piston is increased in that the damping attachment can be introduced into the respective receiving bore independently of the guide.
  • the friction intensity is reduced by the working piston having an improved parallel guidance in the damping stroke range, so that with reduced wear a long-term stable function of the end position damping which increases the service life and reliability of such a hydraulic cylinder can be achieved.
  • FIG. 1 is a first embodiment of a hydraulic cylinder 1 in the end area of a working cylinder 2 with a cylinder bottom 3 forming a cylinder end part is illustrated in a partially sectioned illustration such that an inner working piston 4 is in a stroke position in front of a system in the area of the cylinder bottom 3 is made clear.
  • the cylinder base 3 is connected at the end to the working cylinder via a weld seam 5 in such a way that the cylinder base 3 partially, a pressure chamber 6 limiting, protrudes into the working cylinder 2.
  • a receiving bore 8 forming a blind hole is made in the cylinder base 3 in the center and symmetrically to a central plane 7 of the hydraulic cylinder 1.
  • this receiving bore 8 is assigned an axially offset damping projection 9 of the working piston 4, an outer diameter 10 of the damping projection 9 being dimensioned to a diameter 11 of the receiving bore 8 such that when they are paired, a sufficiently large outlet gap 12 (FIG. 3) is formed.
  • the bore 15 opens directly in front of a contact surface 16 of the cylinder base 3 in the pressure chamber 6.
  • the working piston 4 is arranged on a piston rod 17 which has a central head part 18, on which a piston bushing 21 having sealing sleeves 20 on the outer jacket is radially fixed by means of an axial holding member 19.
  • a damping piston 23, 23 ' which has a bore 22, 22' as a shaped recess, is arranged on each of the damping lugs 9, 9 'arranged symmetrically to the head part 18.
  • These damping pistons 23, 23 ' have a radial extension 24, 24' in the area of the bores 22, 22 'into which a compression spring 25, 25', which is supported in the area of the head part 18, engages in such a way that the damping pistons 23, 23 'counteract respective snap rings 26, 26 'are clamped.
  • the damping pistons 23, 23 ' are dimensioned in their axial length such that, under the action of the compression springs 25, 25', rear contact surfaces 27, 27 'of the damping pistons 23, 23' are spaced apart from floor surfaces 28, 28 'on the head part 18 that between a spring chamber 29, 29 'which can be filled with hydraulic medium is formed in each of these two surfaces. It is in the area of sliding surfaces 30, 30 'between the damping pistons 23, 23' and the piston bushing 21 of the working piston 4, an annular seal 31, 31 'sealing the spring chambers 29, 29' from the pressure chambers 6, 6 'is provided.
  • the damping pistons 23, 23 ' are each provided with a throttle groove 33, 33' on a face 32, 32 'facing the respective pressure chamber 6, 6', which is illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the respective throttle groove 33, 33 ' is advantageously designed in the form of a spiral, preferably as an Archimedean spiral, which has at least one winding section 35 which, starting from an annular groove 34, 34' at the front end of the bore 22, 22 ', leads into an edge region 36 of the respective end face 32, 32 '(FIG. 4).
  • a plurality of winding sections 35 starting from the annular groove 34, 34 ' can also be provided in the end face 32, 32'.
  • the spiral groove 33, 33 'expediently has a triangular cross-sectional shape 37, which is illustrated in the illustration according to FIG. 5 and is formed with a predetermined groove depth 38.
  • This cross-sectional shape 37 can optionally also be made variable in a round or polygonal embodiment, just as the groove depth 38 can be adapted to different operating conditions.
  • the working piston 4 is shown in two further stroke positions, each of which is achieved by a movement in an arrow direction 39.
  • the movement leads to the end face 32 of the damping piston 23 being fixed on the cylinder base 3 in the region of the contact surface 16 in an axial support engagement.
  • hydraulic medium e.g. after switching a hydraulic control (not shown), are introduced via the connection 14 into the pressure chamber 6, so that the piston 4 undergoes a reversal of the movement in the direction of arrow 39 and the damping piston 23 'in the region of an opposite cylinder head (not shown) with an analog End position damping can be brought to the system.
  • This damped lifting movement which is illustrated in principle in FIGS. 2 and 3, is associated with advantageously low frictional loads for the hydraulic cylinder 1, since only liquid friction occurs in the area of the outlet gap 12 and the frictional load in the area of the sliding surfaces 30, 30 'is reduced by the fact that this friction pairing of the damping piston 23 on the working piston 4 is in each damping stroke at a small radial distance from the outer sliding pair of the working piston 4 in the region of an inner wall 41 of the working cylinder 2 and the parallel guidance of the sliding parts thus achieved reduces the friction intensity to such an extent that the service life and the fluid tightness influence Intensities of wear are definitely excluded.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 1 is designed with two damping pistons 23, 23 ', each of which has a throttle groove 42, 42' in the area of the sliding surfaces 30, 30 '.
  • This support engagement which can possibly be improved by a sealing element (not shown), forms a sufficient sealing surface when the contact surface 16 of the cylinder base 3 touches the end surface 32 of the damping piston 23, so that the part remaining in the receiving bore 8 and in the spring chamber 29 remains separated, hydraulic medium connected in the area of the liquid-permeable bore 22 is only in flow connection with the (reduced) pressure chamber 6 via the throttle groove 42.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of the throttle groove 42 which, starting from a groove depth 44 'in the region of the end face 32 of the damping piston 23, merges into a groove depth 44' 'which is continuously increased towards the region of the bottom surface 28.
  • a constant reduction in the flow volume and thus an increased throttling of the speed of the hydraulic piston 4 can thus be achieved during the stroke movement of the damping piston 23 in the region of the end position damping.
  • a further variation of these damping properties is possible via the cross-sectional shape 45 of the respective throttle groove 42, 42 'as well as via the slope 43 (FIG. 9), which determines the distance between the throttle grooves 42, 42' in the lateral surface 46, 46 '.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 1 can be manufactured with the advantageously simple cylinder bottom 3 or cylinder head (not shown) overall with a reduced installation length, the simplified throttling of the pressure flow of the hydraulic medium in the stroke phase with end position damping substantially reducing the number of components, since both the installation of a adjustable throttle and a check valve can be omitted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Abstract

A hydraulic cylinder with end-position damping comprises a working piston (4) which moves in a working cylinder (2) between two pressure spaces (6, 6%) and on both sides of which in each case a centrally projecting damping extension (9, 9%) is provided which, before the respective end of stroke is reached, can be inserted in a slidable manner into a receiving bore (8) in the area of a respective cylinder-closing part (3) in such a way as to choke a direct discharge of the hydraulic medium. In a spring space (29, 29%) of the working piston (4) which can be filled with the hydraulic medium, a damping piston (23, 23%) supported in a slidable manner against a spring element (25, 25%) is arranged in the area of the damping extension (9, 9%), in the front area of which damping piston (23, 23%) a choke groove (33, 33%; 42, 42%) is provided, and the end face (32, 32%) of which, at least in certain areas, can be brought into supporting engagement at the cylinder-closing part (3), separating the hydraulic medium in the receiving bore (8) of the cylinder-closing part (3) and in the spring space (29, 29%) from that in the respective pressure space (6, 6%), so that the choke groove (33, 33%; 42, 42%) forms the only flow connection for the separated hydraulic medium. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Hydraulikzylinder mit einer Endlagendämpfung in einer Ausbildung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 wie er aus der DE-A-3 415 829 bekannt ist.The invention relates to a hydraulic cylinder with end position damping in a design according to the preamble of claim 1 as known from DE-A-3 415 829.

Derartige Hydraulikzylinder mit einem im Arbeitszylinder hin- und herbewegbaren Arbeitskolben, z.B. als hydraulisches Antriebselement, weisen im Bereich eines Zylinderkopfes und/oder eines Zylinderbodens eine einen schlagartigen Aufprall verhindernde Endlagendämpfung auf. Die Hubbewegung des Arbeitskolbens wird dabei vor Erreichen der jeweiligen Hubendstellung dadurch abgebremst, daß ein in Bewegungsrichtung vor dem Arbeitskolben befindlicher Dämpfungsansatz mit gegenüber dem Kolbendurchmesser verringertem Querschnitt vor dem Erreichen des Hubendes einen direkten Austritt des Hydraulikmediums aus dem jeweiligen Druckraum dadurch sperrt, daß der Dämpfungsansatz in einen flüssigkeitsdichten Gleiteingriff mit einer im Bereich des jeweiligen Zylinderabschlußteils befindlichen Aufnahmebohrung eintaucht, in deren Bodenbereich ein Austrittskanal das Hydraulikmedium über eine einstellbare Drossel ableitet. Derartige Hubzylinder sind im Bereich des Dämpfungsansatzes und der Aufnahmebohrung einem hohen Verschleiß ausgesetzt und die Anordnung der Drossel sowie eines Rückschlagventils im jeweiligen Zylinderabschlußteil ist mit einem hohen Bauaufwand verbunden, der die Gestehungs- und Betriebskosten nachteilig beeinflußt.Hydraulic cylinders of this type with a working piston that can be moved back and forth in the working cylinder, for example as a hydraulic drive element, have in the region of a cylinder head and / or a cylinder base an end position damping that prevents a sudden impact. The stroke movement of the working piston is braked before reaching the respective stroke end position in that a damping attachment located in the direction of movement in front of the working piston with a reduced cross section compared to the piston diameter before reaching the stroke end prevents a direct outlet of the hydraulic medium from the respective pressure chamber in that the damping attachment in immerses a liquid-tight sliding engagement with a receiving bore located in the area of the respective cylinder end part, in the bottom area of which an outlet channel discharges the hydraulic medium via an adjustable throttle. Such lifting cylinders are exposed to high wear in the area of the damping attachment and the receiving bore, and the arrangement of the throttle and a check valve in the respective cylinder end part is associated with a high level of construction expenditure, which adversely affects the production and operating costs.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Hydraulikzylinder mit einer Endlagendämpfung zu schaffen, der mit baulich einfachen Mitteln die Endlagendämpfung so verbessert, daß die Gestehungskosten und die verschleißbedingten Betriebskosten gesenkt sind.It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydraulic cylinder with end position damping which improves the end position damping with structurally simple means so that the production costs and the wear-related operating costs are reduced.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch einen Hydraulikzylinder mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Hinsichtlich weiterer wesentlicher Ausgestaltungen wird auf die Ansprüche 2 bis 17 verwiesen.The invention solves this problem by means of a hydraulic cylinder with the features of claim 1. With regard to further essential refinements, reference is made to claims 2 to 17.

Die Erfindung schafft einen Hydraulikzylinder mit einer Endlagendämpfung, die mit einfachen Mitteln dadurch erreicht wird, daß das Hydraulikmedium als Dämpfungsmittel dosiert über die Drosselnut aus dem Bereich der Aufnahmebohrung vor dem jeweiligen Zylinderabschlußteils sowie dem Federraum ableitbar ist, wobei der dazu in Abstützungseingriff am Zylinderabschlußteil gebrachte Dämpfungskolben die Verschiebesicherheit des Arbeitskolbens dadurch erhöht, daß der Dämpfungsansatz führungsunabhängig in die jeweilige Aufnahmebohrung einbringbar ist. Gleichzeitig ist durch den im Dämpfungshubbereich eine verbesserte Parallelführung aufweisenden Arbeitskolben die Reibungsintensität vermindert, so daß bei vermindertem Verschleiß eine langzeitstabile, die Lebensdauer und Zuverlässigkeit eines derartigen Hydraulikzylinders insgesamt erhöhende sichere Funktion der Endlagendämpfung erreichbar ist.The invention provides a hydraulic cylinder with end position damping, which is achieved with simple means in that the hydraulic medium, as a damping means, can be discharged via the throttle groove from the area of the receiving bore in front of the respective cylinder end part and the spring chamber, the damping piston brought into support engagement on the cylinder end part for this purpose the safety of displacement of the working piston is increased in that the damping attachment can be introduced into the respective receiving bore independently of the guide. At the same time, the friction intensity is reduced by the working piston having an improved parallel guidance in the damping stroke range, so that with reduced wear a long-term stable function of the end position damping which increases the service life and reliability of such a hydraulic cylinder can be achieved.

Die Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung, die ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Hydraulikzylinders erfindungsgemäßer Ausbildung schematisch veranschaulicht, näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine teilweise geschnittene Prinzipdarstellung eines Hydraulikzylinders, dessen Arbeitskolben beidseits eine Endlagendämpfung aufweist,
Fig. 2
den Hydraulikzylinder gemäß Fig. 1 mit einem eine stirnseitige Drosselnut aufweisenden Dämpfungskolben in Abstützungseingriff am Zylinderboden,
Fig. 3
den Hydraulikzylinder gemaß Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 mit einem in Hubendstellung befindlichen Arbeitskolben,
Fig. 4
eine Prinzipdarstellung einer Stirnfläche des Dämpfungskolbens in einer Ansicht IV gemäß Fig. 3,
Fig. 5
eine Schnittdarstellung des Dämpfungskolbens etwa nach der Linie V-V in Fig. 4,
Fig. 6
den Hydraulikzylinder ähnlich Fig. 1 mit einem in der Mantelfläche die Drosselnut aufweisenden Dämpfungskolben,
Fig. 7
eine vergrößerte Ausschnittsdarstellung des Dämpfungskolbens mit Drosselnut gemäß einer Ansicht VII in Fig. 6,
Fig. 8
eine Ausschnittsdarstellung ähnlich Fig. 7 mit veränderter Tiefe der Drosselnut, und
Fig. 9
eine vergrößerte Ausschnittsdarstellung des Dämpfungskolbens mit Drosselnut gemäß einer Ansicht IX in Fig. 6.
The details of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description in conjunction with the drawing, which schematically illustrates an embodiment of a hydraulic cylinder according to the invention. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1
a partially sectioned schematic diagram of a hydraulic cylinder, the working piston of which has end position damping on both sides,
Fig. 2
the hydraulic cylinder of FIG. 1 with a damping piston having an end throttle groove in support engagement on the cylinder bottom,
Fig. 3
1 and 2 with a working piston in the stroke end position,
Fig. 4
3 shows a basic illustration of an end face of the damping piston in a view IV according to FIG. 3,
Fig. 5
3 shows a sectional illustration of the damping piston approximately along the line VV in FIG. 4,
Fig. 6
1 with a damping piston having the throttle groove in the lateral surface,
Fig. 7
6 shows an enlarged sectional illustration of the damping piston with throttle groove according to a view VII in FIG. 6,
Fig. 8
7 with a changed depth of the throttle groove, and
Fig. 9
6 shows an enlarged sectional view of the damping piston with throttle groove according to a view IX in FIG. 6.

Bei sämtlichen Abbildungen sind die gleichen Bezugszeichen für gleiche bzw. übereinstimmende Bauteile verwendet worden, ohne diese erneut im einzelnen zu beschreiben.The same reference numerals have been used for the same or corresponding components in all of the figures, without describing them again in detail.

In der Zeichnung gemäß Fig. 1 ist in einer ersten Ausführungsform ein Hydraulikzylinder 1 im endseitigen Bereich eines Arbeitszylinders 2 mit einem einen Zylinderabschlußteil bildenden Zylinderboden 3 in teilweise geschnittener Darstellung derart veranschaulicht, daß ein innenliegender Arbeitskolben 4 in einer Hubstellung vor einer Anlage im Bereich des Zylinderbodens 3 verdeutlicht ist. Der Zylinderboden 3 ist dabei über eine Schweißnaht 5 endseitig mit dem Arbeitszylinder derart verbunden, daß der Zylinderboden 3 teilweise, einen Druckraum 6 begrenzend, in den Arbeitszylinder 2 hineinragt.1 is a first embodiment of a hydraulic cylinder 1 in the end area of a working cylinder 2 with a cylinder bottom 3 forming a cylinder end part is illustrated in a partially sectioned illustration such that an inner working piston 4 is in a stroke position in front of a system in the area of the cylinder bottom 3 is made clear. The cylinder base 3 is connected at the end to the working cylinder via a weld seam 5 in such a way that the cylinder base 3 partially, a pressure chamber 6 limiting, protrudes into the working cylinder 2.

In den Zylinderboden 3 ist mittig und symmetrisch zu einer Mittelebene 7 des Hydraulikzylinders 1 eine ein Sackloch bildende Aufnahmebohrung 8 eingebracht. Dieser Aufnahmebohrung 8 ist in der dargestellten Hubstellung axial versetzt ein Dämpfungsansatz 9 des Arbeitskolbens 4 zugeordnet, wobei ein Außendurchmesser 10 des Dämpfungsansatzes 9 zu einem Durchmesser 11 der Aufnahmebohrung 8 derart bemessen ist, daß bei deren Paarung ein hinreichend großer Austrittsspalt 12 (Fig. 3) gebildet ist.A receiving bore 8 forming a blind hole is made in the cylinder base 3 in the center and symmetrically to a central plane 7 of the hydraulic cylinder 1. In the stroke position shown, this receiving bore 8 is assigned an axially offset damping projection 9 of the working piston 4, an outer diameter 10 of the damping projection 9 being dimensioned to a diameter 11 of the receiving bore 8 such that when they are paired, a sufficiently large outlet gap 12 (FIG. 3) is formed.

In den Druckraum 6 mündet in einer zur Mittelebene 7 senkrechten Bohrungsebene 13 eine einen Anschluß 14 für das Hydraulikmedium aufweisende Bohrung 15, über die der Hydraulikzylinder 1 mit einer Hydrauliksteuerung (nicht dargestellt) verbindbar ist. Die Bohrung 15 mündet dabei unmittelbar vor einer Anlagefläche 16 des Zylinderbodens 3 in den Druckraum 6 ein.In the pressure chamber 6, in a bore plane 13 perpendicular to the central plane 7, a bore 15, which has a connection 14 for the hydraulic medium, opens out, via which the hydraulic cylinder 1 can be connected to a hydraulic control (not shown). The bore 15 opens directly in front of a contact surface 16 of the cylinder base 3 in the pressure chamber 6.

Der Arbeitskolben 4 ist in der dargestellten Ausführungsform auf einer Kolbenstange 17 angeordnet, die einen mittleren Kopfteil 18 aufweist, auf dem mittels eines axialen Haltegliedes 19 eine am Außenmantel Dichtungsmanschetten 20 aufweisende Kolbenbuchse 21 radial fixiert ist. Auf den jeweils symmetrisch zum Kopfteil 18 angeordneten Dämpfungsansätzen 9,9' ist jeweils ein eine Bohrung 22,22' als Formausnehmung aufweisender Dämpfungskolben 23,23' angeordnet. Diese Dämpfungskolben 23,23' weisen im Bereich der Bohrungen 22,22' eine radiale Erweiterung 24,24' auf, in die jeweils eine im Bereich des Kopfteiles 18 abgestützte Druckfeder 25,25' derart eingreift, daß die Dämpfungskolben 23,23' gegen jeweilige Sprengringe 26,26' verspannt sind.In the embodiment shown, the working piston 4 is arranged on a piston rod 17 which has a central head part 18, on which a piston bushing 21 having sealing sleeves 20 on the outer jacket is radially fixed by means of an axial holding member 19. A damping piston 23, 23 ', which has a bore 22, 22' as a shaped recess, is arranged on each of the damping lugs 9, 9 'arranged symmetrically to the head part 18. These damping pistons 23, 23 'have a radial extension 24, 24' in the area of the bores 22, 22 'into which a compression spring 25, 25', which is supported in the area of the head part 18, engages in such a way that the damping pistons 23, 23 'counteract respective snap rings 26, 26 'are clamped.

Die Dämpfungskolben 23,23' sind in ihrer axialen Länge so bemessen, daß unter Wirkung der Druckfedern 25,25' rückseitige Anlageflächen 27,27' der Dämpfungskolben 23,23' soweit zu Bodenflächen 28,28' am Kopfteil 18 beabstandet sind, daß zwischen diesen beiden Flächen jeweils ein mit Hydraulikmedium füllbarer Federraum 29,29' gebildet ist. Dabei ist im Bereich von Gleitflächen 30,30' zwischen den Dämpfungskolben 23,23' und der Kolbenbuchse 21 des Arbeitskolbens 4 jeweils eine die Federräume 29,29' von den Druckräumen 6,6' dicht abschließende Ringdichtung 31,31' vorgesehen.The damping pistons 23, 23 'are dimensioned in their axial length such that, under the action of the compression springs 25, 25', rear contact surfaces 27, 27 'of the damping pistons 23, 23' are spaced apart from floor surfaces 28, 28 'on the head part 18 that between a spring chamber 29, 29 'which can be filled with hydraulic medium is formed in each of these two surfaces. It is in the area of sliding surfaces 30, 30 'between the damping pistons 23, 23' and the piston bushing 21 of the working piston 4, an annular seal 31, 31 'sealing the spring chambers 29, 29' from the pressure chambers 6, 6 'is provided.

Auf einer dem jeweiligen Druckraum 6,6' zugewandten Stirnseite 32,32' sind die Dämpfungskolben 23,23' jeweils mit einer Drosselnut 33,33' versehen, die in Fig. 4 und 5 näher veranschaulicht ist. Die jeweilige Drosselnut 33,33' ist dabei vorteilhaft spiralförmig, vorzugsweise als eine archimedische Spirale, ausgebildet, die zumindest einen Windungsabschnitt 35 aufweist, der von einer kreisringförmigen Nut 34,34' am stirnseitigen Ende der Bohrung 22,22' ausgehend in einen Randbereich 36 der jeweiligen Stirnseite 32,32' verläuft (Fig. 4). In einer nicht näher dargestellten Ausführungsform können in der Stirnfläche 32,32' auch mehrere, von der kreisringförmigen Nut 34,34' ausgehende Windungsabschnitte 35 vorgesehen sein.The damping pistons 23, 23 'are each provided with a throttle groove 33, 33' on a face 32, 32 'facing the respective pressure chamber 6, 6', which is illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 4 and 5. The respective throttle groove 33, 33 'is advantageously designed in the form of a spiral, preferably as an Archimedean spiral, which has at least one winding section 35 which, starting from an annular groove 34, 34' at the front end of the bore 22, 22 ', leads into an edge region 36 of the respective end face 32, 32 '(FIG. 4). In an embodiment not shown in detail, a plurality of winding sections 35 starting from the annular groove 34, 34 'can also be provided in the end face 32, 32'.

Die Spiralnut 33,33' weist zweckmäßig eine in der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 5 verdeutlichte dreieckige Querschnittsform 37 auf, die mit einer vorbestimmten Nuttiefe 38 ausgebildet ist. Diese Querschnittsform 37 ist gegebenenfalls ebenso in einer runden oder mehreckigen Ausführungsform variabel ausführbar, wie die Nuttiefe 38 an unterschiedliche Einsatzbedingungen anpaßbar ist.The spiral groove 33, 33 'expediently has a triangular cross-sectional shape 37, which is illustrated in the illustration according to FIG. 5 and is formed with a predetermined groove depth 38. This cross-sectional shape 37 can optionally also be made variable in a round or polygonal embodiment, just as the groove depth 38 can be adapted to different operating conditions.

In Fig. 2 und Fig. 3 ist der Arbeitskolben 4 in zwei weiteren Hubstellungen dargestellt, die jeweils über eine Bewegung in einer Pfeilrichtung 39 erreicht sind. In der ersten Phase gemäß Fig. 2 führt die Bewegung dazu, daß die Stirnseite 32 des Dämpfungskolbens 23 am Zylinderboden 3 im Bereich der Anlagefläche 16 in einem axialen Abstützungseingriff festgelegt wird. Damit ist die direkte Verbindung des Hydraulikmediums im verbleibenden, kleiner werdenden Druckraum 6 mit dem Rest des Hydraulikmediums, der in der Aufnahmebohrung 8 bzw. im Federraum 29 verbleibt, insoweit eingeengt, daß lediglich noch über die Drosselnut 33 eine Strömungsverbindung besteht.2 and 3, the working piston 4 is shown in two further stroke positions, each of which is achieved by a movement in an arrow direction 39. In the first phase according to FIG. 2, the movement leads to the end face 32 of the damping piston 23 being fixed on the cylinder base 3 in the region of the contact surface 16 in an axial support engagement. Thus, the direct connection of the hydraulic medium in the remaining, smaller and smaller pressure chamber 6 to the rest of the hydraulic medium, which remains in the receiving bore 8 or in the spring chamber 29, is restricted to the extent that there is only a flow connection via the throttle groove 33.

Bei weiterer Bewegung des Arbeitskolbens 4 hin zur Hubendstellung gemaß Fig. 3 wird nunmehr die Endlagendämpfung mit einfachen Mitteln dadurch erreicht, daß das im Federraum 29 und in der Aufnahmebohrung 8 befindliche Hydraulikmedium über die Nut 34 bzw. den Austrittsspalt 12 in die Drosselnut 33 geleitet wird, deren Anzahl der Windungsabschnitte 35 bzw. deren Nuttiefe 38 die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit und das Austrittsvolumen bestimmen, so daß das verlangsamt über die Bohrung 15 aus dem Druckraum 6 ausströmende Hydraulikmedium die Bewegung des Arbeitskolbens 4 so lange bremst, bis dessen ringförmige Anlagefläche 40 an der Anlagefläche 16 des Zylinderbodens 3 anliegt.With further movement of the working piston 4 towards the stroke end position according to FIG. 3, the end position damping is now achieved with simple means in that the hydraulic medium located in the spring chamber 29 and in the receiving bore 8 is directed into the throttle groove 33 via the groove 34 or the outlet gap 12 The number of winding sections 35 and the groove depth 38 determine the exit speed and the exit volume, so that the hydraulic medium that slows down through the bore 15 from the pressure chamber 6 brakes the movement of the working piston 4 until its annular contact surface 40 on the contact surface 16 of the cylinder bottom 3 abuts.

Danach kann in den Druckraum 6 erneut Hydraulikmedium, z.B. nach Umschalten einer Hydrauliksteuerung (nicht dargestellt), über den Anschluß 14 in den Druckraum 6 eingeleitet werden, so daß der Kolben 4 eine Umkehr der Bewegung in Pfeilrichtung 39 erfährt und der Dämpfungskolben 23' im Bereich eines gegenüberliegenden Zylinderkopfes (nicht dargestellt) mit einer analogen Endlagendämpfung zur Anlage bringbar ist.Then hydraulic medium, e.g. after switching a hydraulic control (not shown), are introduced via the connection 14 into the pressure chamber 6, so that the piston 4 undergoes a reversal of the movement in the direction of arrow 39 and the damping piston 23 'in the region of an opposite cylinder head (not shown) with an analog End position damping can be brought to the system.

Diese in den Fig. 2 und 3 prinzipiell verdeutlichte gedämpfte Hubbewegung ist mit vorteilhaft geringen Reibbelastungen für den Hydraulikzylinder 1 verbunden, da im Bereich des Austrittsspaltes 12 lediglich Flüssigkeitsreibung auftritt und die Reibbelastung im Bereich der Gleitflächen 30,30' dadurch vermindert ist, daß diese Reibpaarung des Dämpfungskolbens 23 am Arbeitskolben 4 sich bei jedem Dämpfungshub in geringem radialen Abstand zur äußeren Gleitpaarung des Arbeitskolbens 4 im Bereich einer Innenwandung 41 des Arbeitszylinders 2 befindet und die damit erreichte Parallelführung der gleitenden Teile die Reibungsintensität so weit vermindert, daß die Lebensdauer und die Flüssigkeitsdichtigkeit beeinflussende Verschleißintensitäten sicher ausgeschlossen sind.This damped lifting movement, which is illustrated in principle in FIGS. 2 and 3, is associated with advantageously low frictional loads for the hydraulic cylinder 1, since only liquid friction occurs in the area of the outlet gap 12 and the frictional load in the area of the sliding surfaces 30, 30 'is reduced by the fact that this friction pairing of the damping piston 23 on the working piston 4 is in each damping stroke at a small radial distance from the outer sliding pair of the working piston 4 in the region of an inner wall 41 of the working cylinder 2 and the parallel guidance of the sliding parts thus achieved reduces the friction intensity to such an extent that the service life and the fluid tightness influence Intensities of wear are definitely excluded.

In Fig. 6 ist in einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Hydraulikzylinder 1 mit zwei Dämpfungskolben 23,23' ausgebildet, die jeweils eine Drosselnut 42,42' im Bereich der Gleitflächen 30,30' aufweisen. Diese insbesondere gewindeförmigen Drosselnuten 42,42' sind in vorteilhafter Ausführung in den Mantelflächen 46,46' der Dämpfungskolben 23,23' ausgebildet (Fig. 7, Fig. 9), so daß bei einer Hubbewegung in Pfeilrichtung 39 der Arbeitskolben 4 analog den Darstellungen gemäß Fig. 2 und Fig. 3 über den Dämpfungskolben 23 in Abstützungseingriff am Zylinderboden 3 bringbar ist. Dieser Abstützungseingriff, der gegebenenfalls durch ein Dichtungselement (nicht dargestell) verbessert sein kann, bildet bei Berührung der Anlagefläche 16 des Zylinderbodens 3 mit der Stirnfläche 32 des Dämpfungskolbens 23 eine hinreichende Dichtfläche, so daß das in der Aufnahmebohrung 8 und im Federraum 29 abgetrennt verbleibende, im Bereich der flüssigkeitsdurchlässigen Bohrung 22 verbundene Hydraulikmedium lediglich noch über die Drosselnut 42 mit dem (verkleinerten) Druckraum 6 in Strömungsverbindung steht.6, in a second embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 1 is designed with two damping pistons 23, 23 ', each of which has a throttle groove 42, 42' in the area of the sliding surfaces 30, 30 '. These, in particular, thread-shaped throttle grooves 42, 42 'are in an advantageous embodiment in the lateral surfaces 46,46 'of the damping piston 23,23' (Fig. 7, Fig. 9), so that with a stroke movement in the direction of arrow 39 of the working piston 4 analogous to the representations according to FIGS. 2 and 3 via the damping piston 23 in support engagement Cylinder base 3 can be brought. This support engagement, which can possibly be improved by a sealing element (not shown), forms a sufficient sealing surface when the contact surface 16 of the cylinder base 3 touches the end surface 32 of the damping piston 23, so that the part remaining in the receiving bore 8 and in the spring chamber 29 remains separated, hydraulic medium connected in the area of the liquid-permeable bore 22 is only in flow connection with the (reduced) pressure chamber 6 via the throttle groove 42.

Die Darstellung gemäß Fig. 8 veranschaulicht eine Ausführungsform der Drosselnut 42, die von einer Nuttiefe 44' im Bereich der Stirnseite 32 des Dämpfungskolbens 23 ausgehend in eine zum Bereich der Bodenfläche 28 hin stetig vergrößerte Nuttiefe 44'' übergeht. Damit ist bei der Hubbewegung des Dämpfungskolbens 23 im Bereich der Endlagendämpfung eine stetige Reduzierung des Strömungsvolumens und damit eine verstärkte Drosselung der Geschwindigkeit des Hydraulikkolbens 4 erreichbar. Eine weitere Variation dieser Dämpfungseigenschaften ist über die Querschnittsform 45 der jeweiligen Drosselnut 42,42' ebenso möglich, wie über die Steigung 43 (Fig. 9), die den Abstand der Drosselnuten 42,42' in der Mantelfläche 46,46' bestimmt.8 illustrates an embodiment of the throttle groove 42 which, starting from a groove depth 44 'in the region of the end face 32 of the damping piston 23, merges into a groove depth 44' 'which is continuously increased towards the region of the bottom surface 28. A constant reduction in the flow volume and thus an increased throttling of the speed of the hydraulic piston 4 can thus be achieved during the stroke movement of the damping piston 23 in the region of the end position damping. A further variation of these damping properties is possible via the cross-sectional shape 45 of the respective throttle groove 42, 42 'as well as via the slope 43 (FIG. 9), which determines the distance between the throttle grooves 42, 42' in the lateral surface 46, 46 '.

Der Hydraulikzylinder 1 ist mit dem vorteilhaft einfach bauenden Zylinderboden 3 bzw. Zylinderkopf (nicht dargestellt) insgesamt mit einer verringerten Einbaulänge herstellbar, wobei die vereinfachte Drosselung des Druckstromes des Hydraulikmediums in der Hubphase mit Endlagendämpfung die Anzahl der Bauteile wesentlich reduziert, da sowohl der Einbau einer einstellbaren Drossel als auch eines Rückschlagventils entfallen kann.The hydraulic cylinder 1 can be manufactured with the advantageously simple cylinder bottom 3 or cylinder head (not shown) overall with a reduced installation length, the simplified throttling of the pressure flow of the hydraulic medium in the stroke phase with end position damping substantially reducing the number of components, since both the installation of a adjustable throttle and a check valve can be omitted.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung ist nicht auf die in den Zeichnungen dargestellten und vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen beschränkt. Vielmehr sind im Rahmen der Ansprüche auch anderweitige Modifikationen denkbar, wobei z.B. der jeweilige Dämpfungskolben 23,23' gleichzeitig mit der Drosselnut 33,33' in der Stirnfläche 32,32' und der Drosselnut 42,42' ausgebildet sein kann.The object of the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above. Rather, are within the scope of the claims other modifications are conceivable, wherein, for example, the respective damping piston 23, 23 'can be formed simultaneously with the throttle groove 33, 33' in the end face 32, 32 'and the throttle groove 42, 42'.

Claims (17)

  1. A hydraulic cylinder with an extreme position damping facility for a working piston (4) adapted for movement between two pressure spaces (6, 6') in a working cylinder (2) and on which there is on both sides and in case a centrally projecting damping extension piece (9, 9') which, prior to the respective stroke end being reached, can be inserted with sliding movement into a receiving bore (8) in the region of a respective cylinder end part (3) so that it throttles a direct emergence of hydraulic medium, characterised in that in a spring space (29, 29') of the working piston (4) and which is adapted to be filled with the hydraulic medium there is in the region of the damping extension piece (9, 9') a damping piston (23, 23') biased for sliding movement against a spring element (25, 25') and in that in the front portion of said damping piston (23, 23') there is a throttle groove (33, 33'; 42, 42') and in that its end face (32, 32') comprises at least portions which can be brought into a biasing engagement on the cylinder end part (3) to separate the hydraulic medium present in the receiving bore (8) of the cylinder end part (3) and in the spring space (29, 29') from that which is in the respective pressure space (6,6') so that the throttle groove (33, 33'; 42, 42') constitutes the only flow connection for the separated hydraulic medium.
  2. A hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, characterised in that the damping extension piece (9, 9') has an outside diameter (10) which leaves an outlet gap (12) in relation to the diameter (11) of the receiving bore (8) in the cylinder end part (3).
  3. A hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the damping piston (23, 23') has a shaped recess which engages around the damping extension piece (9, 9') and is adapted for sliding displacement between an end face (28, 28') of the spring space (29, 29') and a retaining ring (26, 26') disposed in the front portion of the damping extension piece (9, 9').
  4. A hydraulic cylinder according to claim 3, characterised in that the shaped recess is constructed as a bore (22, 22') paired at least in parts with the outside diameter (10) of the damping extension piece (9) to allow the passage of fluid.
  5. A hydraulic cylinder according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the shaped recess comprises a radially widened part (24, 24') which houses the spring element (25, 25').
  6. A hydraulic cylinder according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the throttle groove (33, 33') is constructed in the end face (32, 32') of the damping piston (23, 23').
  7. A hydraulic cylinder according to claim 6, characterised in that the throttle groove (33, 33') is of spiral construction.
  8. A hydraulic cylinder according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the throttle groove (33, 33') which emerges from a circular groove (34, 34') at the end of the bore (22, 22') in the damping piston is constructed as a portion (35) of a turn of an Archimedean spiral.
  9. A hydraulic cylinder according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that a spiral groove with a plurality of turns is incorporated into the end face (32, 32').
  10. A hydraulic cylinder according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterised in that the end face (32, 32') comprises a plurality of portions (35) of turns which emerge from the circular groove (34, 34').
  11. A hydraulic cylinder according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that the throttle groove (33, 33') has a pointed, round or angular cross-sectional form (37) with a predetermined depth of groove (38).
  12. A hydraulic cylinder according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that in the region of a sliding surface (30, 30') between damping piston (23, 23') and a piston pin bush (21) of the working piston (4) there is an annular seal (31, 31') which forms a sealing-tight closure for the spring space (29, 29') of the pressure space (6, 6').
  13. A hydraulic cylinder according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the throttle groove (42, 42') is constructed in the region of the sliding surface (30, 30') of the damping piston (23, 23').
  14. A hydraulic cylinder according to claim 13, characterised in that the throttle groove (42, 42') is constructed in the manner of a screw thread.
  15. A hydraulic cylinder according to claim 13 or 14, characterised in that the throttle groove (42, 42') is provided in the outer surface (46, 46') of the damping piston (23, 23').
  16. A hydraulic cylinder according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterised in that the throttle groove (42, 42') has a pitch (43) which determines the volume of flow of hydraulic medium and a pointed, angular or round cross-sectional form (45) of a predetermined and constant groove depth (44).
  17. A hydraulic cylinder according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterised in that, starting from a minimal depth (44') in the region of the end face (32, 32'), the groove depth increases steadily to a depth (44'') in the area of the end surface (28, 28').
EP92113537A 1991-09-05 1992-08-08 Hydraulic cylinder Expired - Lifetime EP0530541B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9111009U 1991-09-05
DE9111009U DE9111009U1 (en) 1991-09-05 1991-09-05 Hydraulic cylinder

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EP0530541A1 EP0530541A1 (en) 1993-03-10
EP0530541B1 true EP0530541B1 (en) 1995-07-19

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EP92113537A Expired - Lifetime EP0530541B1 (en) 1991-09-05 1992-08-08 Hydraulic cylinder

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DE (2) DE9111009U1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19647472A1 (en) * 1996-11-16 1998-05-20 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Pneumatic or hydraulic servomotor with a shutdown device
NL1019112C2 (en) * 2001-10-04 2003-04-07 Actuant Corp Hydraulic drive cylinder with end position damping, contains movable closure ring which can combine with end piece to form outlet channel for hydraulic fluid
DE10246766B3 (en) * 2002-10-07 2004-07-01 Bosch Rexroth Ag Pneumatic cylinder damped in the end position
CN102108990B (en) * 2010-07-23 2011-12-28 三一重工股份有限公司 Hydraulic cylinder and related devices thereof, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck
US11067104B1 (en) * 2020-11-16 2021-07-20 Caterpillar Inc. Integrated cylinder piston and bearing as a hydraulic cushion
CN114054705B (en) * 2021-11-15 2023-06-13 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 Crystallizer liquid level stability control method

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US3668975A (en) * 1970-10-13 1972-06-13 Int Harvester Co Decelerator means for expansible chamber device
DE2336066A1 (en) * 1973-07-16 1975-02-06 Wabco Westinghouse Gmbh Pneumatic positioner - plunger operating within hollow secondary piston with restricted port connections
US4250793A (en) * 1978-11-20 1981-02-17 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Cushioning device for fluid jacks
US4425836A (en) * 1981-02-20 1984-01-17 Government Innovators, Inc. Fluid pressure motor
DE3415829C2 (en) * 1984-04-27 1986-07-17 Emil Weber Fabrik für Ölhydraulik GmbH & Co, 7129 Güglingen End position cushioning for a hydraulic cylinder
DE3517564A1 (en) * 1985-05-15 1986-11-20 Friedrich 4970 Bad Oeynhausen Freimuth Device for moving loads
GB2186949A (en) * 1986-01-23 1987-08-26 Bespak P L C A flow control device

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EP0530541A1 (en) 1993-03-10
DE59202934D1 (en) 1995-08-24
ATE125336T1 (en) 1995-08-15

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