EP0527485B1 - Chipping machine - Google Patents

Chipping machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0527485B1
EP0527485B1 EP92113756A EP92113756A EP0527485B1 EP 0527485 B1 EP0527485 B1 EP 0527485B1 EP 92113756 A EP92113756 A EP 92113756A EP 92113756 A EP92113756 A EP 92113756A EP 0527485 B1 EP0527485 B1 EP 0527485B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chipping
rotor
drive shaft
knives
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92113756A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0527485A1 (en
Inventor
Georg Weiss Sen.
Georg Weiss Jun.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEORG WEISS GmbH
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GEORG WEISS GmbH
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Publication of EP0527485A1 publication Critical patent/EP0527485A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/02—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood shavings or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C18/186—Axially elongated knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
    • B02C2023/165—Screen denying egress of oversize material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a chopping machine for cutting wood into wood chips, with a chopping rotor which has chopping knives attached to a drive shaft, and a stationary counter bar which is arranged essentially parallel to the drive shaft and on which the chopping knives pass.
  • Such a chopping machine is already known from EP-0229752-A2.
  • the cutting edges of the chopping knives are arranged parallel to the drive shaft, so that the cutting edge hits the wood along its entire length at the same time.
  • the chopping process is jerky and the chopping rotor requires a high torque.
  • the Wear of the cleaver high.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a chopping machine with which chopping operation which is as jerk-free and energy-saving as possible is possible.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a chopping machine according to claim 1.
  • a chopping machine according to the invention, an energy-saving chopping operation is possible since the chopping knife first strikes the leading corner of the cutting edge into the wood to be cut and the tapered cutting edge penetrates with increasing angle of rotation.
  • the impact area of the chopping knife is distributed over a rotation angle range of the rotor and is not, as in the prior art, at a specific rotation angle point.
  • the wood is thus cut from a left or right felling point in the transverse direction and cut. This also reduces the wear on the cutting edge, which is no longer subjected to impact.
  • the distance between the points of the cutting edge and the counter bar can be changed by adjusting the chopping knife and / or the counter bar.
  • the preferred essentially gap-free arrangement can be selected, but also an arrangement in which a uniform gap is desired in order to produce wood chips of a certain shape.
  • each chopping knife plane is inclined at an angle of 1 ° to 45 ° to the radial axis. This angular range is preferred in order on the one hand to achieve the effect according to the invention and on the other hand to ensure a sufficient cutting width of each chopping knife.
  • the cleaver be in the direction of Drive shaft divided and staggered along the circumference of the rotor. This relative displacement of the individual chopping knives ensures that only one chopping knife is currently in use. This keeps the load on the drive motor low.
  • the chopping knives are mounted on rotor arms attached to the drive shaft, the support plate of which is parallel to the chopping knife plane.
  • Such rotor arms represent a convenient connection of the drive shaft and chopping knives and also allow the chopping knives to be adjusted in their longitudinal plane.
  • the counter bar is designed as a counter edge. This configuration ensures that the wood is held securely at the cutting station.
  • leading corner or the leading cutting area of the beveled cutting edge of the cleaver is particularly hardened or coated in order to reduce wear.
  • the leading corner first strikes the wood to be cut and is therefore subject to special wear, which can be reduced by a special hardening or coating.
  • the chopping rotor has a substantially conical circumference, which is formed by chopping knives, the lengths of which decrease monotonically in one direction of the drive shaft.
  • a conical chopping rotor is formed, which peels off the supplied tree trunk on one side, beginning on the other side. Since the chopping rotor does not peel over its entire length at the same time, but initially only with its left or right area, the energy consumption is further reduced and for that In a narrow range of chopping knives, a greater torque is available, so that the operation is smooth.
  • the chopping rotor has a substantially conical circumference, which is formed by chopping knives, the rotor arms of which have decreasing lengths in one direction of the drive shaft. Since the radius of the cutting edges is determined both by the length of the chopping knives and by the length of the rotor arms, it is alternatively possible to reduce the length of the rotor arms in order to create a chopping rotor with conically decreasing cutting edges. Depending on the strength of the desired taper, this or the previous configuration or both in combination can be selected.
  • the counter bar with a conical chopping rotor circumference in accordance with the taper of the chopping rotor circumference i. w. is arranged parallel to the cutting edges of the cleaver.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the chopping machine.
  • Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the chopping machine with perforated grid and screw conveyor, partly in elevation.
  • Fig. 3 shows a top view of a cleaver.
  • Fig. 4 shows a side view of a chopping knife on a rotor arm.
  • Fig. 5 shows a rear view of a cleaver on a Rotor arm.
  • the chopping machine shown in FIG. 1 has a chopping rotor 2 which consists of rotor arms 14 which are arranged at an angle along a drive shaft 8.
  • Each rotor arm 14 consists of a square tube and carries at its tip a right-angled flat cleaver 4.
  • the cleaver 4 are divided along the drive shaft 8 and offset in the direction of the rotor circumference, so that only one cleaver 4 is currently in chopping operation.
  • a counter bar 6 arranged parallel to the drive shaft 8, which is arranged below the drive shaft in the region of a corner of the feeder.
  • the counter bar 6 serves as a shear bar for the chopping knives 4, which peel a tree trunk 24 brought up by a chain feed 26.
  • the pressure exerted on the log 24 by the engaging cleaver 4 experiences a counter pressure on the counter bar 6, so that the cleaver 4 can peel off the front part of the log 24.
  • a cutting edge 10 of the chopping knife 4 has the same distance from the counter bar 6 over its entire length.
  • a perforated grid 16 which is curved parallel to the chopping rotor circumference and which has the width of the drive shaft 8, covers approximately half the rotor circumference and has openings for passage therethrough of chips of a suitable size.
  • the perforated grid 16 connects directly below the counter bar 6 and is detachably connected to it.
  • the perforated grid 16 is raised almost up to half the circumference of the rotor and fastened to a frame 1 of the chopping rotor 2.
  • the wood peeled off from the chopping knives 4 of the chopping rotor 2 is chopped on in the chopping rotor 2 until the chips are removed have a dimension that is smaller than the diameter of the openings of the perforated grid 16.
  • the suitably small chips go down through the openings of the perforated grid 16.
  • a screw conveyor 18 is arranged below the perforated grid 16, the shaft of which is essentially parallel to the drive shaft 8.
  • the screw conveyor 18 projects downwards over the frame 1 of the chopping machine, so that its upper screw circumference is aligned with the frame edge.
  • the screw conveyor 18 is used to remove the wood chips generated from the machine room.
  • the screw conveyor 18 consists of a worm-like drive plate on the shaft.
  • a capsule 20 for the screw conveyor 18 is provided below the screw conveyor 18, on its side facing the perforated grid, which holds the screw conveyor 18 in storage.
  • the capsule 20 runs parallel to the screw circumference of the screw conveyor 18 and essentially seals the lower half circumference of the screw conveyor 18, so that the conveyed output material does not go down but remains in the screw conveyor.
  • the capsule 20 is attached to the frame 1.
  • a funnel-shaped bezel 22 is attached to the lower frame 1, which is led with its left part to the counter bar 6 and with its right part up to the top frame 1, so that the bezel 22, the entire perforated grid 16 starting from the counter bar 6 to to the upper frame 1 funnel-shaped.
  • the screw conveyor 18 At the lower end of this funnel-shaped enclosure 22 is the screw conveyor 18, which thus transports all of the output material.
  • Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the chopping machine, in which the screw conveyor 18 and the perforated grid 16 can be seen schematically in elevation. Also clearly shown are the chopping knives offset along the drive shaft 8, the left one of which is currently in the engaged position drives while the middle is in its uppermost position and the right is displaced from its uppermost position downwards by a certain angle.
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the chopping knife 4 with a cutting edge 10 which extends obliquely to a transverse axis 34 of the chopping knife 4.
  • the front part of the chopping knife 4 carries a tapering cutting area 11 with the cutting edge 10.
  • Fig. 4 shows a side view of the cleaver 4, which rests on a rotor arm 14.
  • the rotor arm 14 forms a flange-like support plate 30 for receiving the cleaver 4.
  • a screw 32 serves to lock the plate 28 and cleaver 4 on the support plate 30 of the rotor arm 14.
  • FIG. 5 shows a rear view of the mounted chopping knife 4, from which the inclination of the chopping knife 4 about a radial axis 12 perpendicular to the drive shaft results.
  • the support plate 30 is welded obliquely to the rotor arm 14, so that there is also an inclined surface for the cleaver 4 attached.
  • the cleaver 4 is inclined in such a way that the points of the cutting edge 10 all have essentially the same radius from the drive shaft 8, so that when passing by on the opposite side, each point of the cutting edge 10 of the cleaver 4 has the same distance from the counter bar 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

A chipping machine is described which comprises a chipping rotor (2), having chipping blades (4) fastened to a drive shaft (8), and a stationary counter-strip (6) which is arranged essentially parallel to the drive shaft (8) and running past which are the chipping blades (4), each chipping blade (4) having a straight cutting edge (10), which runs at an angle to a transverse axis of the chipping blade (4), and being tilted towards a radial axis perpendicular to the drive shaft (8) in such a way that all points of the cutting edge (10) essentially describe paths of the same radius. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Hackmaschine zur Zerspanung von Holz zu Hackschnitzeln, mit einem Hackrotor, der an einer Antriebswelle befestigte Hackmesser aufweist, und einer stationären Gegenleiste, die im wesentlichen parallel zur Antriebswelle angeordnet ist und an der die Hackmesser vorbeilaufen.The present invention relates to a chopping machine for cutting wood into wood chips, with a chopping rotor which has chopping knives attached to a drive shaft, and a stationary counter bar which is arranged essentially parallel to the drive shaft and on which the chopping knives pass.

Eine derartige Hackmaschine ist bereits aus der EP-0229752-A2 bekannt. Bei der vorbekannten Hackmaschine sind jedoch die Schneidkanten der Hackmesser parallel zur Antriebswelle angeordnet, so daß die Schneidkante auf ihrer gesamten Länge gleichzeitig auf das Holz aufschlägt. Bei diesem Hackverfahren gestaltet sich daher der Hackvorgang ruckartig und der Hackrotor bedarf eines hohen Drehmoments. Ferner ist der Verschleiß der Hackmesser hoch.Such a chopping machine is already known from EP-0229752-A2. In the known chopping machine, however, the cutting edges of the chopping knives are arranged parallel to the drive shaft, so that the cutting edge hits the wood along its entire length at the same time. With this chopping process, the chopping process is jerky and the chopping rotor requires a high torque. Furthermore, the Wear of the cleaver high.

Aus der CH-A-379 107 ist es bekannt die Hackmesser in Richtung der Antriebswelle zu unterteilen, (siehe Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1) und entlang des Rotorumfangs versetzt anzuordnen. Dabei ist es nachteilig, daß die Schneidkante unterschiedliche Abstände von der Antriebswelle hat, so daß das Hackgut ungleichmäßig und nicht parallel zur Gegenleiste zerspant wird.From CH-A-379 107 it is known to subdivide the chopping knives in the direction of the drive shaft (see preamble of claim 1) and to arrange them offset along the rotor circumference. It is disadvantageous that the cutting edge has different distances from the drive shaft, so that the wood chips are cut unevenly and not parallel to the counter bar.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine Hackmaschine anzugeben, mit der ein möglichst ruckfreier und energiesparender Hackbetrieb möglich ist.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a chopping machine with which chopping operation which is as jerk-free and energy-saving as possible is possible.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Hackmaschine nach Anspruch 1. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Hackmaschine ist ein energiesparender Hackbetrieb möglich, da das Hackmesser zunächst mit der führenden Ecke der Schneidkante in das zu zerspanende Holz einschlägt und die angeschrägte Schneidkante mit zunehmendem Drehwinkel eindringt. Auf diese Weise ist der Einschlagsbereich des Hackmessers über einen Drehwinkelbereich des Rotors verteilt und liegt nicht, wie beim Stand der Technik, bei einem bestimmten Drehwinkel-Punkt. Das Holz wird somit von einer linken bzw. rechten Einschlagsstelle beginnend in Querrichtung aufgetrennt und zerspant. Dadurch sinkt auch der Verschleiß der Schneidkante, die nicht mehr auf Schlag beansprucht wird.The object is achieved according to the invention by a chopping machine according to claim 1. With the chopping machine according to the invention, an energy-saving chopping operation is possible since the chopping knife first strikes the leading corner of the cutting edge into the wood to be cut and the tapered cutting edge penetrates with increasing angle of rotation. In this way, the impact area of the chopping knife is distributed over a rotation angle range of the rotor and is not, as in the prior art, at a specific rotation angle point. The wood is thus cut from a left or right felling point in the transverse direction and cut. This also reduces the wear on the cutting edge, which is no longer subjected to impact.

Es ist bevorzugt, daß der Abstand zwischen den Punkten der Schneidkante und der Gegenleiste durch Verstellung der Hackmesser und/oder der Gegenleiste veränderbar ist. Auf diese Weise läßt sich die bevorzugte im wesentlichen spaltfreie Anordnung wählen, aber auch eine Anordnung, bei der ein gleichförmiger Spalt erwünscht ist, um Hackschnitzel bestimmter Form zu erzeugen.It is preferred that the distance between the points of the cutting edge and the counter bar can be changed by adjusting the chopping knife and / or the counter bar. In this way, the preferred essentially gap-free arrangement can be selected, but also an arrangement in which a uniform gap is desired in order to produce wood chips of a certain shape.

Es ist bevorzugt, daß jede Hackmesser-Ebene in einem Winkel von 1° bis 45° gegen die Radialachse geneigt ist. Dieser Winkelbereich ist bevorzugt, um einerseits die erfindungsgemäße Wirkung zu erzielen und andererseits eine genügende Schnittbreite jedes Hackmessers sicherzustellen.It is preferred that each chopping knife plane is inclined at an angle of 1 ° to 45 ° to the radial axis. This angular range is preferred in order on the one hand to achieve the effect according to the invention and on the other hand to ensure a sufficient cutting width of each chopping knife.

Es ist ferner bevorzugt, daß die Hackmesser in Richtung der Antriebswelle unterteilt und entlang des Rotorumfangs versetzt angeordnet sind. Durch diese Relativversetzung der einzelnen Hackmesser ist gewährleistet, daß stets nur ein einziges Hackmesser zur Zeit im Arbeitseinsatz steht. Dadurch wird die Belastung für den Antriebsmotor gering gehalten.It is also preferred that the cleaver be in the direction of Drive shaft divided and staggered along the circumference of the rotor. This relative displacement of the individual chopping knives ensures that only one chopping knife is currently in use. This keeps the load on the drive motor low.

Es ist ferner bevorzugt, daß die Hackmesser auf an der Antriebswelle befestigten Rotorarmen angebracht sind, deren Auflageplatte jeweils parallel zur Hackmesser-Ebene liegt. Derartige Rotorarme stellen eine bequeme Verbindung von Antriebswelle und Hackmessern dar und gestatten ebenfalls eine Verstellung der Hackmesser in deren Längsebene.It is further preferred that the chopping knives are mounted on rotor arms attached to the drive shaft, the support plate of which is parallel to the chopping knife plane. Such rotor arms represent a convenient connection of the drive shaft and chopping knives and also allow the chopping knives to be adjusted in their longitudinal plane.

Es ist ferner bevorzugt, daß die Gegenleiste als Gegenkante ausgebildet ist. Diese Ausgestaltung sorgt für ein besonders sicheres Festhalten des Holzes an der Schneidestation.It is further preferred that the counter bar is designed as a counter edge. This configuration ensures that the wood is held securely at the cutting station.

Es ist ferner bevorzugt, daß die führende Ecke bzw. der führende Schneidbereich der angeschrägten Schneidkante der Hackmesser besonders gehärtet bzw. beschichtet ist, um den Verschleiß zu mindern. Die führende Ecke schlägt zuerst in das zu zerspanende Holz ein und unterliegt daher besonderem Verschleiß, der durch eine spezielle Härtung bzw. Beschichtung gemindert werden kann.It is further preferred that the leading corner or the leading cutting area of the beveled cutting edge of the cleaver is particularly hardened or coated in order to reduce wear. The leading corner first strikes the wood to be cut and is therefore subject to special wear, which can be reduced by a special hardening or coating.

Es ist ferner bevorzugt, daß der Hackrotor einen im wesentlichen konischen Umfang hat, der durch Hackmesser gebildet wird, deren Längen in einer Richtung der Antriebswelle monoton abnehmen. Mit dieser Ausgestaltung wird ein konischer Hackrotor gebildet, der den zugeführten Baumstamm an der einen Seite beginnend zur anderen Seite abschält. Da der Hackrotor nicht gleichzeitig auf seiner gesamten Länge, sondern zunächst nur mit seinem linken bzw. rechten Bereich schält, ist der Energieverbrauch weiter vermindert und für die auf einem schmalen Bereich arbeitenden Hackmesser steht ein größeres Drehmoment zur Verfügung, so daß der Betrieb ruckfrei ist.It is further preferred that the chopping rotor has a substantially conical circumference, which is formed by chopping knives, the lengths of which decrease monotonically in one direction of the drive shaft. With this configuration, a conical chopping rotor is formed, which peels off the supplied tree trunk on one side, beginning on the other side. Since the chopping rotor does not peel over its entire length at the same time, but initially only with its left or right area, the energy consumption is further reduced and for that In a narrow range of chopping knives, a greater torque is available, so that the operation is smooth.

Alternativ ist bevorzugt, daß der Hackrotor einen im wesentlichen konischen Umfang hat, der durch Hackmesser gebildet wird, deren Rotorarme in einer Richtung der Antriebswelle abnehmende Längen haben. Da der Radius der Schneidkanten sowohl durch die Länge der Hackmesser als auch durch die Länge der Rotorarme bestimmt wird, ist es alternativ möglich, die Länge der Rotorarme zu vermindern, um einen Hackrotor mit konisch abnehmenden Schneidkanten zu schaffen. Je nach Stärke der gewünschten Konizität kann diese oder die vorangegangene Ausgestaltung bzw. beide in Kombination gewählt werden.Alternatively, it is preferred that the chopping rotor has a substantially conical circumference, which is formed by chopping knives, the rotor arms of which have decreasing lengths in one direction of the drive shaft. Since the radius of the cutting edges is determined both by the length of the chopping knives and by the length of the rotor arms, it is alternatively possible to reduce the length of the rotor arms in order to create a chopping rotor with conically decreasing cutting edges. Depending on the strength of the desired taper, this or the previous configuration or both in combination can be selected.

Es ist schließlich bevorzugt, daß die Gegenleiste bei einem konischen Hackrotor-Umfang entsprechend der Konizität des Hackrotorumfangs i. w. parallel zu den Schneidkanten der Hackmesser angeordnet ist.Finally, it is preferred that the counter bar with a conical chopping rotor circumference in accordance with the taper of the chopping rotor circumference i. w. is arranged parallel to the cutting edges of the cleaver.

Die Erfindung ist in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung erläutert.The invention is explained in the following description of an embodiment in connection with the drawing.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch die Hackmaschine.Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the chopping machine.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf die Hackmaschine mit Lochgitter und Förderschnecke teilweise im Aufriß.Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the chopping machine with perforated grid and screw conveyor, partly in elevation.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf ein Hackmesser.Fig. 3 shows a top view of a cleaver.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Seitenansicht eines Hackmessers auf einem Rotorarm.Fig. 4 shows a side view of a chopping knife on a rotor arm.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Rückansicht eines Hackmessers auf einem Rotorarm.Fig. 5 shows a rear view of a cleaver on a Rotor arm.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Hackmaschine weist einen Hackrotor 2 auf, der aus Rotorarmen 14 besteht, die im Winkel versetzt längs einer Antriebswelle 8 angeordnet sind. Jeder Rotorarm 14 besteht aus einem Vierkantrohr und trägt an seiner Spitze ein rechtwinklig aufgeschraubtes flaches Hackmesser 4. Durch die Versetzung der Rotorarme 14 längs der Antriebswelle 8 in Winkelrichtung sind die Hackmesser 4 längs der Antriebswelle 8 unterteilt und in Richtung des Rotorumfangs versetzt angeordnet, so daß lediglich ein Hackmesser 4 zur Zeit im Hackeingriff steht.The chopping machine shown in FIG. 1 has a chopping rotor 2 which consists of rotor arms 14 which are arranged at an angle along a drive shaft 8. Each rotor arm 14 consists of a square tube and carries at its tip a right-angled flat cleaver 4. By displacing the rotor arms 14 along the drive shaft 8 in the angular direction, the cleaver 4 are divided along the drive shaft 8 and offset in the direction of the rotor circumference, so that only one cleaver 4 is currently in chopping operation.

Außerhalb des Rotorumfangs befindet sich eine parallel zur Antriebswelle 8 angeordnete Gegenleiste 6, die unterhalb der Antriebswelle im Bereich einer Ecke des Einzugs angeordnet ist. Die Gegenleiste 6 dient als Gegenschneide für die Hackmesser 4, die einen durch einen Ketteneinzug 26 herangeführten Baumstamm 24 abschälen. Der durch das im Eingriff stehende Hackmesser 4 auf dem Baumstamm 24 ausgeübte Druck erfährt einen Gegendruck an der Gegenleiste 6, so daß das Hackmesser 4 den vorderen Teil des Baumstamms 24 abschälen kann. Dabei hat eine Schneidkante 10 des Hackmessers 4 auf ihrer gesamten Länge denselben Abstand von der Gegenleiste 6. Unterhalb des Hackrotors 2 befindet sich ein parallel zum Hackrotorumfang gekrümmtes Lochgitter 16, das die Breite der Antriebswelle 8 hat, etwa den halben Rotorumfang überdeckt und Öffnungen zum Hindurchtritt von Hackschnitzeln geeigneter Größe aufweist. Das Lochgitter 16 schließt unmittelbar unterhalb der Gegenleiste 6 an diese an und ist abnehmbar mit ihr verbunden. Auf der anderen Seite ist das Lochgitter 16 annähernd bis zum halben Umfang des Rotors hochgeführt und an einem Rahmen 1 des Hackrotors 2 befestigt. Das von den Hackmessern 4 des Hackrotors 2 abgeschälte Holz wird solange im Hackrotor 2 weitergehackt, bis die Hackschnitzel eine Abmessung haben, die kleiner ist als der Durchmesser der Öffnungen des Lochgitters 16. Die geeignet kleinen Hackschnitzel gehen durch die Öffnungen des Lochgitters 16 nach unten ab.Outside the rotor circumference is a counter bar 6 arranged parallel to the drive shaft 8, which is arranged below the drive shaft in the region of a corner of the feeder. The counter bar 6 serves as a shear bar for the chopping knives 4, which peel a tree trunk 24 brought up by a chain feed 26. The pressure exerted on the log 24 by the engaging cleaver 4 experiences a counter pressure on the counter bar 6, so that the cleaver 4 can peel off the front part of the log 24. A cutting edge 10 of the chopping knife 4 has the same distance from the counter bar 6 over its entire length. Below the chopping rotor 2 there is a perforated grid 16 which is curved parallel to the chopping rotor circumference and which has the width of the drive shaft 8, covers approximately half the rotor circumference and has openings for passage therethrough of chips of a suitable size. The perforated grid 16 connects directly below the counter bar 6 and is detachably connected to it. On the other hand, the perforated grid 16 is raised almost up to half the circumference of the rotor and fastened to a frame 1 of the chopping rotor 2. The wood peeled off from the chopping knives 4 of the chopping rotor 2 is chopped on in the chopping rotor 2 until the chips are removed have a dimension that is smaller than the diameter of the openings of the perforated grid 16. The suitably small chips go down through the openings of the perforated grid 16.

Unterhalb des Lochgitters 16 ist eine Förderschnecke 18 angeordnet, deren Welle im wesentlichen parallel zur Antriebswelle 8 liegt. Die Förderschnecke 18 steht nach unten über den Rahmen 1 der Hackmaschine über, so daß ihr oberer Schneckenumfang mit dem Rahmenrand fluchtet. Die Förderschnecke 18 dient zur Abfuhr der erzeugten Hackschnitzel aus dem Maschinenraum. Die Förderschnecke 18 besteht aus einer schneckenartig gewundenen Mitnehmerscheibe auf der Welle. Unterhalb der Förderschnecke 18 ist auf ihrer dem Lochgitter angewandten Seite eine Kapsel 20 für die Förderschnecke 18 vorgesehen, die die Förderschnecke 18 lagernd aufnimmt. Die Kapsel 20 verläuft parallel zum Schneckenumfang der Förderschnecke 18 und dichtet im wesentlichen den unteren Halbumfang der Förderschnecke 18 ab, so daß das geförderte Ausgabegut nicht nach unten abgeht, sondern in der Förderschnecke verbleibt. Die Kapsel 20 ist an dem Rahmen 1 befestigt. Ferner ist eine trichterförmige Einfassung 22 an dem unteren Rahmen 1 befestigt, die mit ihrem linken Teil zur Gegenleiste 6 geführt ist und mit ihrem rechten Teil hoch bis zum oberen Rahmen 1, so daß die Einfassung 22 das gesamte Lochgitter 16 beginnend bei der Gegenleiste 6 bis zum oberen Rahmen 1 trichterförmig umschließt. Am unteren Ende dieser trichterförmigen Einfassung 22 liegt die Förderschnecke 18, die somit das gesamte anfallende Ausgabegut abtransportiert.A screw conveyor 18 is arranged below the perforated grid 16, the shaft of which is essentially parallel to the drive shaft 8. The screw conveyor 18 projects downwards over the frame 1 of the chopping machine, so that its upper screw circumference is aligned with the frame edge. The screw conveyor 18 is used to remove the wood chips generated from the machine room. The screw conveyor 18 consists of a worm-like drive plate on the shaft. Below the screw conveyor 18, on its side facing the perforated grid, a capsule 20 for the screw conveyor 18 is provided, which holds the screw conveyor 18 in storage. The capsule 20 runs parallel to the screw circumference of the screw conveyor 18 and essentially seals the lower half circumference of the screw conveyor 18, so that the conveyed output material does not go down but remains in the screw conveyor. The capsule 20 is attached to the frame 1. Furthermore, a funnel-shaped bezel 22 is attached to the lower frame 1, which is led with its left part to the counter bar 6 and with its right part up to the top frame 1, so that the bezel 22, the entire perforated grid 16 starting from the counter bar 6 to to the upper frame 1 funnel-shaped. At the lower end of this funnel-shaped enclosure 22 is the screw conveyor 18, which thus transports all of the output material.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf die Hackmaschine, bei der schematisch im Aufriß die Förderschnecke 18 und das Lochgitter 16 zu sehen sind. Deutlich gezeigt sind auch die längs der Antriebswelle 8 versetzten Hackmesser, von denen das linke im Augenblick nach unten in Eingriffstellung fährt, während das mittlere in seiner obersten Stellung ist und das rechte aus seiner obersten Stellung in Richtung nach unten um einen bestimmten Winkel versetzt ist.Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the chopping machine, in which the screw conveyor 18 and the perforated grid 16 can be seen schematically in elevation. Also clearly shown are the chopping knives offset along the drive shaft 8, the left one of which is currently in the engaged position drives while the middle is in its uppermost position and the right is displaced from its uppermost position downwards by a certain angle.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf das Hackmesser 4 mit einer Schneidkante 10, die schräg zu einer Querachse 34 des Hackmessers 4 verläuft. Der vordere Teil des Hackmessers 4 trägt einen zulaufenden Schneidbereich 11 mit der Schneidkante 10. Über dem Hackmesser 4 befindet sich eine Aufplatte 28 zur Befestigung des Hackmessers 4 auf dem darunterliegenden Rotorarm 14.3 shows a plan view of the chopping knife 4 with a cutting edge 10 which extends obliquely to a transverse axis 34 of the chopping knife 4. The front part of the chopping knife 4 carries a tapering cutting area 11 with the cutting edge 10. Above the chopping knife 4 there is a plate 28 for fastening the chopping knife 4 on the rotor arm 14 underneath.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Seitenansicht auf das Hackmesser 4, welches auf einem Rotorarm 14 aufliegt. Der Rotorarm 14 bildet eine flanschartige Auflageplatte 30 zur Aufnahme des Hackmessers 4. Eine Schraube 32 dient zur Verriegelung von Aufplatte 28 und Hackmesser 4 auf der Auflageplatte 30 des Rotorarms 14.Fig. 4 shows a side view of the cleaver 4, which rests on a rotor arm 14. The rotor arm 14 forms a flange-like support plate 30 for receiving the cleaver 4. A screw 32 serves to lock the plate 28 and cleaver 4 on the support plate 30 of the rotor arm 14.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Rückansicht des montierten Hackmessers 4, aus der sich die Neigung des Hackmessers 4 um eine senkrecht zur Antriebswelle stehende Radialachse 12 ergibt. Die Auflageplatte 30 ist schräg auf dem Rotorarm 14 aufgeschweißt, so daß sich eine ebenfalls schräge Fläche für das aufgesetzte Hackmesser 4 ergibt. Das Hackmesser 4 ist derart geneigt, daß die Punkte der Schneidkante 10 im wesentlichen alle denselben Radius von der Antriebswelle 8 haben, so daß beim Vorbeilauf an der Gegenseite jeder Punkt der Schneidkante 10 der Hackmesser 4 den gleichen Abstand von der Gegenleiste 6 hat.5 shows a rear view of the mounted chopping knife 4, from which the inclination of the chopping knife 4 about a radial axis 12 perpendicular to the drive shaft results. The support plate 30 is welded obliquely to the rotor arm 14, so that there is also an inclined surface for the cleaver 4 attached. The cleaver 4 is inclined in such a way that the points of the cutting edge 10 all have essentially the same radius from the drive shaft 8, so that when passing by on the opposite side, each point of the cutting edge 10 of the cleaver 4 has the same distance from the counter bar 6.

Claims (9)

  1. Chipping machine equipped with a chipping rotor (2) providing chipping knives (4) attached to a drive shaft (8) which are distributed in a subdivision along the rotor circumference with an off-set, and a stationary counter ledge (6) disposed substantially parallel to said drive shaft (8) and said chipping knives (4) running past it, each chipping knife (4) providing a straight cutting edge (10) extending obliquely in rel ation to a transverse axis (34) of such chipping knife (34) which extends parallel to said drive shaft (8), characterized in that each chipping knife is tilted in a plain containing the longitudinal axis of said rotor against a radial axis (12) extending vertically in relation to said drive shaft (8) such that all points of said cutting edge (10) substantially define pathways providing the same radius and the chipping material is chipped uniformely parallel to said counter ledge.
  2. Chipping machine according to claim 1, the distance between the points of the cutting edge (10) and the counter ledge (6) being modifyable by adjustment of the chipping knives (4) and/or the counter ledge (6).
  3. Chipping machine according to claim 1 or 2, each chipping-knife plain being inclined by an angle between 1° and 45° in relation to the radial axis.
  4. Chipping machine according to one of the preceeding claims, the chipping knives (4) being attached on the rotor arms (14) which are mounted on the drive shaft (8), the cover plate of which is respectively positioned in parallel to the chipping-knife plain.
  5. Chipping machine according to one of the preceeding claims, the counter ledge (6) being fashioned as a counter edge.
  6. Chipping machine according to one of the preceeding claims, the leading point, respectively the leading cutting area of the chipping knives (4) being particularly hardened, respectively coated to reduce wear.
  7. Chipping machine according to one of the preceeding claims, the chipping rotor (2) providing a substantially conical circumference formed by chipping knives (4), the lengths of which decrease monotonously in a direction of the drive shaft (8).
  8. Chipping machine according to one of the claims 1 through 7, the chipping rotor (2) providing a substantially conical circumference formed by chipping knives (4), the rotor arms of which provide a decreasing length in direction of the drive shaft (8).
  9. Chipping machine according to claim 7 or 8, the counter ledge (6) being disposed in accordance to the conicality of the circumference of the chipping rotor, substantially parallel to the cutting edges (10) of the chipping knives (4).
EP92113756A 1991-08-14 1992-08-12 Chipping machine Expired - Lifetime EP0527485B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4126910 1991-08-14
DE4126910A DE4126910C1 (en) 1991-08-14 1991-08-14

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EP0527485A1 EP0527485A1 (en) 1993-02-17
EP0527485B1 true EP0527485B1 (en) 1995-11-22

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EP92113756A Expired - Lifetime EP0527485B1 (en) 1991-08-14 1992-08-12 Chipping machine

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EP (1) EP0527485B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE130541T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4126910C1 (en)
DK (1) DK0527485T3 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995013171A1 (en) * 1993-11-08 1995-05-18 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus A method and equipment including a cutter for converting biomass, especially for producing fuel from forest waste, and for removing it from a felling site
DE19536704A1 (en) * 1995-09-30 1997-04-03 Humbert Manfred Dipl Ing Fh Chopping device for mincing machine
DE19713726C1 (en) * 1997-04-03 1998-06-25 Maier Zerkleinerungstech Gmbh Chopping rotor for wood shredders
DE10048886C2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-11-14 Pallmann Kg Maschf Device for comminuting feed material with a comminuting system rotating about an axis of rotation
DE10221308B4 (en) * 2002-05-14 2007-04-12 Prochazka, Miroslav, Dipl.-Ing. Hoe
DE102006062188A1 (en) 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Steininger, Werner Apparatus and method for comminuting wood material
WO2009040490A1 (en) * 2007-09-24 2009-04-02 Palm-Organics Global Ltd Method and apparatus for reducing palm stems to biomass
EP2044833A3 (en) 2007-10-04 2011-03-23 Mus-Max GmbH Supply unit for transporting created offcuts from a cutting machine
DE102010050786B3 (en) * 2010-11-10 2012-03-15 Hogha Gmbh Discharge device for a wood chipper

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US1515377A (en) * 1924-01-02 1924-11-11 White James Bertwell Stock cutter
US1675901A (en) * 1925-02-26 1928-07-03 Mitts & Merrill Disintegrating machine
CH379107A (en) * 1960-08-15 1964-06-30 Alba Werkzeug Cutting tool
DE1861713U (en) * 1962-09-26 1962-11-08 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg KNIFE CARRIER FOR CUTTING TOOLS.
DE1282905B (en) * 1964-05-15 1968-11-14 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Cutting machine with knife-bearing, cylindrical tool
US3375859A (en) * 1965-09-03 1968-04-02 Salem Equipment Inc Wood chipping apparatus
AT385231B (en) * 1986-01-17 1988-03-10 Starchl Maximilian DRUM CHOPPER
US4893662A (en) * 1988-12-06 1990-01-16 Vito Gervasi Cutting tool
YU135290A (en) * 1989-07-25 1992-12-21 Schuler, Albert HARDENING PROCEDURE FOR CUTTING EDGES OF SAWS, KNIVES AND PUNCHING TOOLS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4126910C1 (en) 1992-09-24
EP0527485A1 (en) 1993-02-17
DK0527485T3 (en) 1995-12-18
ATE130541T1 (en) 1995-12-15
DE59204410D1 (en) 1996-01-04

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