US1675901A - Disintegrating machine - Google Patents

Description

July 3, 1928.

P. S. MITTS ET AL DISINTEGRATING MACHINE Filed Feb. 26, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 TOR BY M22 ATTORNEY July 3, 1928.

PQ s. MlTTS ,ET AL DISINTEGRATING MACHINE Filed Feb. 26, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Qmmnm Z;

Patented July 3, 1928.

UNITED STATES:

1,675,90l PATENT OFFICE.

PHILIPv S. MIT'IS AN D WILLIAM J'. WINSTON, OF SAGINAW,,MICH IGAN, ASSIGNORS TO MITTS & MERRILL, or SAGINAW,

MICHIGAN, A. CORPORATION. OF MICHIGAN.

DISINTEGRATING- MACHINE.

Application filed February. 26; 1925'.

This invention relates to cutting and dis integrating machines commonly known as hogs and used for the mechanical reductionof a" great variety of materials. such as wood'refl'ise, also otherfibrous materials.

Our present improvement pertains to a hog of' the type having flat bar knives on the periphery of the'drum and traveling in: close proximity to stationarycutter bars mounted, in the frame of the machine.

An object is to provide an improved arrangement of the knife hlades on the drum, whereby they operate by beating and crushing the material, as well as by a shearing action very similar to the action of'the shear blades in bar-cutting alligator shears.

This result is accomplished by employing heavy flat blades arranged angularly with relation to the drum axis, the angular direction of successive blades preferably reversed, thereby reducing the tendency of the material being cut to force the drum endwise.

The invention also includes a new means for-accurately setting or gauging theoutting edge 'ofthe singularly disposed knife to its proper position and to prevent dislodgement of the drum knife. This gauging device alsoacts as a scraper to prevent material accumulating in the housing at the side edges of the drum rim. Such accumulation has heretofore been a source of trouble, be-j cause the friction of the rapidly revolving drum edge against a mass of accumulated material is excessive and unless checked may cause fire. I

With the foregoing and certain other objects in view which will appear later in the specifications our invention comprises the devices described and claimed and the equivalents thereof. I

The Qflat bar knives have enormous strength to drive through very hard, tough and thick materials, and, the outer faces of the knives, as well as the drum surfaces between successive knives are shaped and arranged so that heavy chunks. immediately upon being faced off by a knife, and'whil'e feeding inward. prior to the arrival of the next knife, slide upon a cam-like guiding area of the drum. The effective guiding area establishes maximum depth of bite for the next knife. A more uniformly sized product and greater hourly capacity is thereby attained.

In the drawings F ig. l is a sectional side Serial No. 11;873;

elevation of a cutting improvements.

Fig. Z'is a side view of the drum carryingangularl-ydisposed cutting knives.

Fig. 3is a developed view of the working face of the drumshown in F ig; 2;

Fig. 4 is a part sectional detail ofthe device for clamping the cutter knife to the rim oftliedrum and for adjusting the position of the backing support for the knife. Fig. 5- is a part sectional side view showing the action of a knife on material being fed in. c

F ig. dis a side view of a part of the drum rimwith a diagonally disposed knife held in placeby our improved knife-gauging device;

Fig. 7 is a front view of'the parts shown in F ig; 6;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the knife gauging device.

Fig.9 is a perspective view of a knife and two gauging d'evicesin position on a section ofv the rim.

As is clearly shown in the drawings the hog'consists in the usual frame 1 in which revolves the cylindrical drum 2 having cutting knives 3, 3 etc. on its periphery; A plurality of fixed cutter bars 4, 5 and Bare arranged in, the frame around the lower partoftheperiphery of the drum. The drum has a throat or hopper 7 for receiving material and a, discharge outlet 8. The bottom of the throat 7 may be formed with a hinged door 9* carrying a cutter bar 10 at the base of the throat 7, as is shown and described in copending application of Philip S. Mitts, Serial Number 7083658, filed Apr. 2, 1924, of which this application is a continuation in part.

As will be seen from Fig. 3, the knives extend the entire width. of the face of drum 2. They are preferably angularly placed, alternate knives preferably having opposite angular inclinations.

The angular arrangement of the knives 3 and 3 is preferred. because it prevents the drum knife striking squarely into a wide chunk of material and thereby causing an unnecessary shock both to the machine and to the revolving drum knives. The angular position of the knives on the drum causes themto bite more gradually into the material, permitting the machine to operate more smoothly with a shearing cut.

Obviously, as is shown in Fig. 2, the two extremities 11 and 12 of the cutting edge 13 of knife 3 are at the same radial distance from the axis of the drum, and in that part close to the advancing edge of the knife the grinding area of the drum is approximately cylindric, see C Fig. 9. Special arrangement is required, however, for the back edge of the knife to provide Working clearance, as will later be explained.

Referring now to diagrammatic Fig. 5, a knife 3 is shown cutting into a heavy piece of work, which may be a thick plank of con- .siderable width, even so W de as to almost occupy the width of the throat 7. The advancing knife 3 bites into the material with I a shearlng cut and its outwardly extending advancing face also has a simultaneous crushing and breaking action upon the fibres of the material assevered, the result of this combined cutting and breaking being that the material leaves the throat of the" machinein a thoroughly shattered condition. In that respect the knife arrangement herein shown combines the advantages of both a typical cutting hog and a beating machine. Obviously the force of the blows delivered by the knives is very great and consequently the knives must be of great strength and durability and be strongly secured to. the drum. To meet that requirement we make the knife from a flat steel bar, wide and thick.

We preferto mount the knife 3 on the rim, 2 by means of countersunk head bolts 14: passing through elongated slots 15 in the rim2. V e 1 In the back edge of each knife, as shown in Figs. 3 and 1, sockets 16 are formed to;

I the heads of concealed adjusting screws 17 threaded into openings in the rear wall or shoulder 18 0f the cylinder.

The screws 17 are adjusted outwardly. so that the cutting edge of the knife 3 when placed in position against the screw heads will come to its proper cutting position on the drum. The knife is then clamped to thedrum by bolts 1 1. Screw 17 prevents the knife 3 from moving backward should the boltsl l not be properly tightened.

The correct position of the cutting edge of the knife 3 may be gauged by means of gauge members 19, Fig. 9. These gauge members are rectangular bars .of steel notched at their outer ends 20, Fig. 8, to accurately fit the lower part of the front face of the knife. They are provided with countersunk recesses 21 on their outer faces and are inset into mortises 22 cut into the side edges of the drum rim 2 and are located so that the gauges 19' when inset will hold the cutter bars 3 in their proper angular positions relative to the drum rim. Preferably the outer face of bar 19 projects laterally beyond the edge of the drum rim,

receive.

' cause binding or beating.

of the bar acts as a clearance cutter or scraper to prevent such accumulation of material in the housing of the machine as might The pair of gauge bars 19, 19 also prevents the knife 3 from moving forward should the bolts 14 not be properly tightened.

The purpose of the cam-like construction of the drum rim, above described, is to control the depth of feed and prevent material, such as heavy timbers and the like, from feeding too far in toward the center of the drum and consequently causing the knife to attempt too deep a bite. By limiting the depth of bite or out, yet giving the material proper opportunity after each cut, to drop into place on the drum rim to receive the next cut, a more uniformly disintegrated product is secured, and the beating and shattering action of the advancing knife face has full effect without choking. Consequently the guiding area of thedrum face is an important aid to the combined heat Referring again to Fig. 5, it will be seen that between successive knives is an effective guiding area that extends from the outer surface or top of one knife 3 to the inner edge of the advancing face of the next succeeding knife 3. If the knife bar were parallel with the axis of the drum, then this guiding area obviously would be described by elements parallel with the axis, but the knife is preferably located on the drum with one end in advance of the other, as shown at X in Figs. 2 and 3. Consequently, in order to use a flat bar and to secure proper clearance at the back edge, it is necessary to lower the'heel 3 of the ad vancing end of the knife so as to shorten its radial distance R, "making it less than the radial distance R at the other end of the knife. The back edge is, therefore, radially inclined with respect to the axis, although the working edge 13 is throughout its length substantially equidistant radially from the drumaxis.

By' so dropping and tilting the rear edge without tilting the front working edge, we are enabled to employ a heavy straight plane-surface bar, gaining thereby the important advantages ofcheapness for a given duty, and greater shearing effect on account of greater permissible shear or angularity X. The fiat bar has great'durability, for its face may be worn back a considerable distance before replacement is necessary. To secure the correctclearance it is not absolutely essential to produce a radially inclined knife seat. It is sometimes advisable to gain the same effect, as regards back clearance, by cutting away the top surface of the back edge of the knife, as indicated by dotted lines at y-y in Fig. 9.

Having thus described our invention, What We claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

In a machine of the character described, a revolving drum having fiat straight-edged knives on theperipheral face thereof extending angularly across the drum, successive knives having opposite angular inclinations with respect to the axis of the drum, each knife having a straight-edged material-beating face, those peripheral parts of the drum between successive knives Warped to present alternately sloping surfaces, for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof, we aliix our sig- PHILIP S. MITTS. VILLIAM J. lVINSTON.

natures.

Images