EP0523405A2 - Method for adjusting a fuel injection valve and fuel injection valve - Google Patents

Method for adjusting a fuel injection valve and fuel injection valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0523405A2
EP0523405A2 EP92110520A EP92110520A EP0523405A2 EP 0523405 A2 EP0523405 A2 EP 0523405A2 EP 92110520 A EP92110520 A EP 92110520A EP 92110520 A EP92110520 A EP 92110520A EP 0523405 A2 EP0523405 A2 EP 0523405A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
fuel injection
valve
injection valve
throttle device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92110520A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0523405B1 (en
EP0523405A3 (en
Inventor
Alwin Stegmaier
Kenneth J. Zwick
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0523405A3 publication Critical patent/EP0523405A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F02M65/001—Measuring fuel delivery of a fuel injector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F02M51/0682—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
    • Y10S239/90—Electromagnetically actuated fuel injector having ball and seat type valve

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for adjusting the static fuel quantity of a fuel injector sprayed off during the stationary opening state, or on a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 4.
  • the stroke of the valve closing body and thus the static flow quantity of a medium emitted during the stationary opening state of the fuel injector is set by the end face of the nozzle body against which the armature's remaining air gap is opposite Core-determining stop plate is in contact, is ground.
  • this valve and the adjustment method used have the disadvantage that the end face of the nozzle body can only be ground with a partially dismantled valve, so that the exact adjustment of the valve needle stroke is very complex.
  • a fuel injector with a valve seat body that has at least one spray opening is described in DE 38 31 196 A1.
  • the valve seat body is pressed into the longitudinal opening of the nozzle holder, the press-in depth determining the valve needle stroke.
  • the adjustment of the valve needle stroke can be carried out on the fully assembled injection valve, but when the valve seat body is pressed into the nozzle holder, there is a risk of chip formation on the valve seat body and / or the seat carrier.
  • the spray openings of the perforated plate have predetermined opening cross sections which influence the static fuel quantity.
  • the exact flow rate of individual perforated plates is measured in order to combine a perforated plate with a specific valve group that has a known valve lift.
  • the fuel injector is assembled and provided with a fuel filter, with the risk that the static fuel quantity of the valve is changed in an undesirable manner.
  • an electromagnetically actuated fuel injection valve has already been proposed, the tubular inner pole of which has a through hole which is concentric with a longitudinal axis of the valve. In this through hole is used for adjusting the return spring adjusting bush is pressed, in the longitudinal opening of a fixed, non-adjustable throttle body is arranged.
  • the method according to the invention for adjusting the static fuel quantity of a fuel injector delivered during the stationary opening state with the characterizing features of claim 1 and the fuel injector according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 4 have the advantage of simple and inexpensive adjustment of the static fuel quantity on the otherwise fully assembled Fuel injector.
  • the setting on the otherwise fully assembled fuel injector enables the required static fuel quantity to be adhered to particularly precisely, without the risk that the actual static fuel quantity will change due to a subsequent operation, for example the installation of a fuel filter. This ensures that the fuel injection valves produced in series production have particularly small variations in the static amount of fuel and that, for example, the same amount of fuel is metered into the individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine.
  • the static amount of fuel of a fuel injection valve which has a tubular inner pole, a flow bore concentric to a longitudinal axis of the valve and a throttle body, can be adjusted by varying the free flow cross section of the throttle device by varying the insertion depth of the throttle body in the flow bore of the inner pole is changeable.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the invention is shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description.
  • the figure shows a fuel injector according to the embodiment.
  • a fuel injector for fuel injection systems of mixture-compression-ignition internal combustion engines is shown.
  • the fuel injector has an inner pole 3, which is surrounded by a magnet coil 1 and serves as a fuel inlet connection includes independent plastic injection molded part.
  • the magnetic coil 1 having the stepped coil body 5 in the radial direction with a winding 11 stepped in the radial direction, in conjunction with the inner pole 3 having a constant outer diameter, enables a particularly compact construction of the fuel injector.
  • a tubular intermediate part 17 is connected to a lower pole end 13 of the inner pole 3 concentrically with a longitudinal valve axis 15, for example by welding, and overlaps the pole end 13 partially axially with an upper cylinder section 19.
  • the stepped coil body 5 partially overlaps the inner pole 3 and, with a step 21 of larger diameter, the upper cylinder section 19 of the intermediate part 17.
  • the intermediate part 17 is provided at its end facing away from the inner pole 3 with a lower cylinder section 23 which overlaps a tubular nozzle holder 25 and with this is connected, for example, by welding.
  • a cylindrical valve seat body 29 is tightly mounted by welding in a through opening 27 running concentrically to the valve longitudinal axis 15.
  • the valve seat body 29 has a fixed valve seat 31 facing the magnet coil 1, downstream of which, for example, two spray openings 33 formed, for example, by eroding, are formed in the valve seat body 29.
  • the spray openings 33 have such large opening cross sections that the actual quantity of fuel dispensed during the stationary opening state of the fuel injector exceeds the predetermined target quantity, unless a further throttle device is provided for metering the fuel.
  • the valve seat body 29 Downstream of the spray openings 33, has a treatment bore 35 which widens in the shape of a truncated cone in the flow direction.
  • a tubular adjusting bushing 41 is pressed into a stepped flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3 that runs concentrically to the valve longitudinal axis 15 in order to adjust the spring force.
  • the return spring 39 rests with its one end on the end face 43 of the adjusting bush 41 facing the valve seat body 29.
  • the insertion depth of the adjusting bush 41 in the Flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3 determines the spring force of the return spring 39 and thus also influences the dynamic fuel quantity emitted during the opening and closing stroke of the valve.
  • the return spring 39 is supported with its end facing away from the adjusting bush 41 in the downstream direction on an end face 45 of a connecting tube 47.
  • a tubular armature 49 is connected, for example by welding, which is guided through a guide collar 51 of the intermediate part 17.
  • a valve closing body 53 which cooperates with the fixed valve seat 31 of the valve seat body 29 and is designed, for example, as a ball, is connected to it, for example by welding.
  • an axial gap 59 is formed, in which a residual air gap between an inlet-side end face 61 of the armature 49 and the end face 55 of the by clamping
  • the non-magnetic stop disk 63 which forms the pole 13 and limits the stroke of the valve closing body 53 during the opening process of the valve, is arranged.
  • the magnet coil 1 is surrounded by at least one guide element 65, for example designed as a bracket and serving as a ferromagnetic element, which at least partially surrounds the magnet coil 1 in the circumferential direction and rests with its one end on the inner pole 3 and with its other end on the nozzle holder 25 and is connected to them, for example by welding or soldering.
  • a part of the fuel injector is enclosed by a plastic sheath 67, which extends from the inner pole 3 in the axial direction over the magnet coil 1 and the at least one guide element 65.
  • a fuel filter 71 is arranged in the stepped flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3 upstream of the adjusting bush 41 in the direction facing away from the pole end 13.
  • the fuel entering the fuel injection valve flows through the fuel filter 71 in a known manner and emerges from the fuel filter in the radial direction, any contaminations of the fuel being retained in the fuel filter 71.
  • the fuel filter 71 has a retaining ring 75 on the circumference of its upper end 73 facing away from the pole end 13.
  • the fuel filter 71 can be installed by pushing it into the stepped flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3 and, in the assembled state, lies with its retaining ring 75 with a slight radial pressure on the wall of a parallel section 77 of the stepped flow bore 37 facing away from the lower pole end 13.
  • a lower end 79, facing the lower pole end 13 of the inner pole 3, of a carrier part 83 of the fuel filter 71 which supports the filter fabric is connected to a throttle body 81 which extends in the direction of the longitudinal valve axis 15 of the return spring 39.
  • the throttle body 81 can be designed, for example, as a plastic component and can also be molded onto the carrier part 83 of the fuel filter 71 by injection molding, and can be produced easily and inexpensively in this way.
  • the throttle body 81 has, for example, a frustoconical shape tapering in the direction of flow, ie facing the valve seat 31. In addition to this shape, the throttle body 81 can, for example, also have the shape of a tetrahedron, a pyramid or another shape, which preferably tapers in the direction of fuel flow.
  • the adjusting bush 41 has a cylindrical longitudinal opening 85, which extends in the flow direction of the fuel concentrically to the valve longitudinal axis 15 and through which the fuel flows in the direction of the valve seat 31 of the fuel injection valve.
  • the throttle body 81 tapering in the shape of a truncated cone, for example, partially projects into the longitudinal opening 85 of the adjusting bush 41, so that a throttle device 87 is formed between the circumference of the throttle body 81 and the wall of the longitudinal opening 85.
  • the throttle device 87 has a narrow, ring-shaped free flow cross section 89, which at its narrowest point in the area of an upper end face 91 of the adjusting bush 41 facing the fuel filter 71 serves for metering the fuel and the cross-sectional area of which is the static fuel quantity of the fuel injection valve that is released during the stationary opening state influenced.
  • the actual amount of delivered fuel is measured with the fuel injector completely open, for example by means of a fuel line 95 and a fuel collecting vessel 97, on the otherwise fully assembled fuel injector.
  • the spray openings 33 in the fuel injection valve shown, for example, have such large opening cross sections that the actual quantity of the fuel dispensed is always greater than the predetermined static target quantity.
  • the insertion depth of the fuel filter 71 in the flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3, and thus the depth to which the throttle body 81, which tapers in the direction of the truncated cone in the flow direction, protrudes into the longitudinal opening 85 of the adjusting bush 41, is so long using a tool 99 varies until the narrow, fuel-metering free flow cross-section 89 on the upper end face 91 of the adjusting bush 41 has changed between the circumference of the throttle body 81 and the wall of the longitudinal opening 85 of the adjusting bush 41 in such a way that the actual quantity delivered corresponds to the predetermined static target quantity of the Fuel matches.
  • the throttle device 87 is formed between the throttle body 81 and the wall of the stepped flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that the static fuel quantity emitted during the stationary opening state can be set directly on an otherwise completely assembled fuel injection valve. This not only minimizes the spread of the static fuel quantities of the individual fuel injectors, but also reduces manufacturing costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

In known fuel injection valves, the front face of a nozzle body for adjusting the static amount of fuel delivered during the stationary opening state of the fuel injection valve is ground off until the actual amount measured corresponds to the predetermined reference amount of fuel. This method of adjustment has the disadvantage, however, that the front face of the nozzle body can be ground off only when the valve is partially dismantled. In the method according to the invention, the static amount of fuel is adjusted directly on the otherwise finally assembled fuel injection valve, so that the dispersion of the static amount of fuel of the individual fuel injection valves is minimised. For this purpose, a throttle device (87), which serves for metering of the fuel and whose free flow cross-section (89) is variable, is provided upstream of the valve seat. The method according to the invention is suitable for fuel injection valves of various types. <IMAGE>

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zur Einstellung der statischen, während des stationären Öffnungszustandes abgespritzten Brennstoffmenge eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bzw. von einem Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 4.The invention is based on a method for adjusting the static fuel quantity of a fuel injector sprayed off during the stationary opening state, or on a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 4.

Bei dem zum Beispiel aus der DE 35 33 521 A1 bekannten Brennstoffeinspritzventil wird der Hub des Ventilschließkörpers und damit die statische, während des stationären Öffnungszustandes des Brennstoffeinspritzventils abgegebene Strömungsmenge eines Mediums eingestellt, indem die Stirnfläche des Düsenkörpers, an der die den Restluftspalt des Ankers gegenüber dem Kern bestimmende Anschlagplatte anliegt, abgeschliffen wird. Dieses Ventil und das angewendete Einstellverfahren haben jedoch den Nachteil, daß die Stirnfläche des Düsenkörpers nur bei einem teilweise demontierten Ventil abgeschliffen werden kann, so daß die exakte Einstellung des Ventilnadelhubes sehr aufwendig ist.In the fuel injector known from DE 35 33 521 A1, for example, the stroke of the valve closing body and thus the static flow quantity of a medium emitted during the stationary opening state of the fuel injector is set by the end face of the nozzle body against which the armature's remaining air gap is opposite Core-determining stop plate is in contact, is ground. However, this valve and the adjustment method used have the disadvantage that the end face of the nozzle body can only be ground with a partially dismantled valve, so that the exact adjustment of the valve needle stroke is very complex.

Ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem Ventilsitzkörper, der wenigstens eine Abspritzöffnung aufweist, ist in der DE 38 31 196 A1 beschrieben. Der Ventilsitzkörper wird in die Längsöffnung des Düsenhalters eingepreßt, wobei die Einpreßtiefe den Ventilnadelhub bestimmt. Die Einstellung des Ventilnadelhubes kann zwar an dem fertig montierten Einspritzventil vorgenommen werden, bei dem Einpressen des Ventilsitzkörpers in den Düsenhalter besteht jedoch die Gefahr der Spanbildung an dem Ventilsitzkörper und/oder dem Sitzträger.A fuel injector with a valve seat body that has at least one spray opening is described in DE 38 31 196 A1. The valve seat body is pressed into the longitudinal opening of the nozzle holder, the press-in depth determining the valve needle stroke. The adjustment of the valve needle stroke can be carried out on the fully assembled injection valve, but when the valve seat body is pressed into the nozzle holder, there is a risk of chip formation on the valve seat body and / or the seat carrier.

Bei dem zum Beispiel aus der DE 36 40 830 A1 bekannten Lochplatten - Brennstoffeinspritzventil weisen die Abspritzöffnungen der Lochplatte vorgegebene, die statische Brennstoffmenge beeinflussende Öffnungsquerschnitte auf. Zur Einstellung der statischen Brennstoffmenge wird die exakte Durchflußmenge einzelner Lochplatten gemessen, um eine Lochplatte mit einer bestimmten Ventilgruppe, die einen bekannten Ventilhub aufweist, zu kombinieren. Abschließend wird das Brennstoffeinspritzventil montiert und mit einem Brennstoffilter versehen, wobei die Gefahr besteht, daß die statische Brennstoffmenge des Ventils in unerwünschter Weise verändert wird.In the perforated plate fuel injector known for example from DE 36 40 830 A1, the spray openings of the perforated plate have predetermined opening cross sections which influence the static fuel quantity. To set the static fuel quantity, the exact flow rate of individual perforated plates is measured in order to combine a perforated plate with a specific valve group that has a known valve lift. Finally, the fuel injector is assembled and provided with a fuel filter, with the risk that the static fuel quantity of the valve is changed in an undesirable manner.

Ferner ist schon ein elektromagnetisch betätigbares Brennstoffeinspritzventil vorgeschlagen worden, dessen rohrförmiger Innenpol eine konzentrisch zu einer Ventillängsachse verlaufende Durchgangsbohrung hat. In diese Durchgangsbohrung ist eine zur Einstellung der Rückstellfeder dienende Einstellbuchse eingepreßt, in deren Längsöffnung ein fester, nicht einstellbarer Drosselkörper angeordnet ist.Furthermore, an electromagnetically actuated fuel injection valve has already been proposed, the tubular inner pole of which has a through hole which is concentric with a longitudinal axis of the valve. In this through hole is used for adjusting the return spring adjusting bush is pressed, in the longitudinal opening of a fixed, non-adjustable throttle body is arranged.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Einstellung der statischen, während des stationären Öffnungszustandes abgegebenen Brennstoffmenge eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 4 haben den Vorteil einer einfachen und kostengünstigen Einstellung der statischen Brennstoffmenge an dem ansonsten fertig montierten Brennstoffeinspritzventil. Das Einstellen an dem ansonsten fertig montierten Brennstoffeinspritzventil ermöglicht ein besonders genaues Einhalten der geforderten statischen Brennstoffmenge, ohne daß die Gefahr besteht, daß sich die tatsächliche statische Brennstoffmenge durch einen nachfolgenden Arbeitsgang, zum Beispiel die Montage eines Brennstoffilters, noch verändert. So ist gewährleistet, daß die in der Serienfertigung hergestellten Brennstoffeinspritzventile besonders geringe Streuungen der statischen Brennstoffmenge aufweisen und daß zum Beispiel den einzelnen Zylindern einer Brennkraftmaschine die gleiche Brennstoffmenge zugemessen wird.The method according to the invention for adjusting the static fuel quantity of a fuel injector delivered during the stationary opening state with the characterizing features of claim 1 and the fuel injector according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 4 have the advantage of simple and inexpensive adjustment of the static fuel quantity on the otherwise fully assembled Fuel injector. The setting on the otherwise fully assembled fuel injector enables the required static fuel quantity to be adhered to particularly precisely, without the risk that the actual static fuel quantity will change due to a subsequent operation, for example the installation of a fuel filter. This ensures that the fuel injection valves produced in series production have particularly small variations in the static amount of fuel and that, for example, the same amount of fuel is metered into the individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine.

Außerdem ist es möglich, die Anzahl der Varianten der Brennstoffeinspritzventile zu reduzieren, da die erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventile durch ihre Einstellbarkeit im ansonsten fertig montierten Zustand für verschiedene Abspritzmengen verwendbar sind.In addition, it is possible to reduce the number of variants of the fuel injection valves, since the fuel injection valves according to the invention can be used for different injection quantities due to their adjustability in the otherwise fully assembled state.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 bzw. des Brennstoffeinspritzventils nach Anspruch 4 möglich.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the method according to claim 1 and of the fuel injector according to claim 4 are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims.

Um ein besonders exaktes Einstellen der statischen Brennstoffmenge zu gewährleisten, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der freie Strömungsquerschnitt der Drosseleinrichtung kontinuierlich veränderbar ist.In order to ensure a particularly precise setting of the static fuel quantity, it is advantageous if the free flow cross section of the throttle device can be changed continuously.

Von Vorteil ist es, wenn die statische Brennstoffmenge eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils, das einen rohrförmigen Innenpol, eine konzentrisch zu einer Ventillängsachse verlaufende Strömungsbohrung sowie einen Drosselkörper aufweist, einstellbar ist, indem der freie Strömungsquerschnitt der Drosseleinrichtung durch ein Variieren der Einschubtiefe des Drosselkörpers in der Strömungsbohrung des Innenpols veränderbar ist.It is advantageous if the static amount of fuel of a fuel injection valve, which has a tubular inner pole, a flow bore concentric to a longitudinal axis of the valve and a throttle body, can be adjusted by varying the free flow cross section of the throttle device by varying the insertion depth of the throttle body in the flow bore of the inner pole is changeable.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Die Figur zeigt ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil gemäß des Ausführungsbeispiels.An embodiment of the invention is shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. The figure shows a fuel injector according to the embodiment.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

In der Figur ist beispielsweise ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil für Brennstoffeinspritzanlagen von gemischverdichtenden fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschinen dargestellt. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil hat einen von einer Magnetspule 1 umgebenen, als Brennstoffeinlaßstutzen dienenden Innenpol 3. Die Magnetspule 1 mit einem Spulenkörper 5 ist mit einer Kunststoffumspritzung 7 versehen, wobei zugleich ein elektrischer Anschlußstecker 9 mitangespritzt wird, so daß sich ein die Magnetspule 1 und den Anschlußstecker 9 beinhaltendes eigenständiges Kunststoffspritzteil ergibt. Die in radialer Richtung den gestuften Spulenkörper 5 mit einer in radialer Richtung gestuften Bewicklung 11 aufweisende Magnetspule 1 ermöglicht in Verbindung mit dem einen konstanten Außendurchmesser aufweisenden Innenpol 3 einen besonders kompakten Aufbau des Brennstoffeinspritzventils.In the figure, for example, a fuel injector for fuel injection systems of mixture-compression-ignition internal combustion engines is shown. The fuel injector has an inner pole 3, which is surrounded by a magnet coil 1 and serves as a fuel inlet connection includes independent plastic injection molded part. The magnetic coil 1 having the stepped coil body 5 in the radial direction with a winding 11 stepped in the radial direction, in conjunction with the inner pole 3 having a constant outer diameter, enables a particularly compact construction of the fuel injector.

Mit einem unteren Polende 13 des Innenpols 3 ist konzentrisch zu einer Ventillängsachse 15 dicht ein rohrförmiges Zwischenteil 17 beispielsweise durch Schweißen verbunden und übergreift dabei mit einem oberen Zylinderabschnitt 19 das Polende 13 teilweise axial. Der gestufte Spulenkörper 5 übergreift teilweise den Innenpol 3 und mit einer Stufe 21 größeren Durchmessers den oberen Zylinderabschnitt 19 des Zwischenteiles 17. Das Zwischenteil 17 ist an seinem dem Innenpol 3 abgewandten Ende mit einem unteren Zylinderabschnitt 23 versehen, der einen rohrförmigen Düsenhalter 25 übergreift und mit diesem beispielsweise durch Schweißen verbunden ist. In das stromabwärts liegende Ende des Düsenhalters 25 ist in einer konzentrisch zu der Ventillängsachse 15 verlaufenden Durchgangsöffnung 27 ein zylinderförmiger Ventilsitzkörper 29 durch Schweißen dicht montiert. Der Ventilsitzkörper 29 weist der Magnetspule 1 zugewandt einen festen Ventilsitz 31 auf, stromabwärts dessen im Ventilsitzkörper 29 zum Beispiel zwei beispielsweise durch Erodieren geformte Abspritzöffnungen 33 ausgebildet sind. Die Abspritzöffnungen 33 weisen so große Öffnungsquerschnitte auf, daß die Istmenge des während des stationären Öffnungszustandes des Brennstoffeinspritzventils abgegebenen Brennstoffs die vorgegebene Sollmenge überschreitet, sofern nicht eine weitere Drosseleinrichtung zur Zumessung des Brennstoffs vorgesehen ist. Stromabwärts der Abspritzöffnungen 33 weist der Ventilsitzkörper 29 eine sich in Strömungsrichtung kegelstumpfförmig erweiternde Aufbereitungsbohrung 35 auf.A tubular intermediate part 17 is connected to a lower pole end 13 of the inner pole 3 concentrically with a longitudinal valve axis 15, for example by welding, and overlaps the pole end 13 partially axially with an upper cylinder section 19. The stepped coil body 5 partially overlaps the inner pole 3 and, with a step 21 of larger diameter, the upper cylinder section 19 of the intermediate part 17. The intermediate part 17 is provided at its end facing away from the inner pole 3 with a lower cylinder section 23 which overlaps a tubular nozzle holder 25 and with this is connected, for example, by welding. In the downstream end of the nozzle holder 25, a cylindrical valve seat body 29 is tightly mounted by welding in a through opening 27 running concentrically to the valve longitudinal axis 15. The valve seat body 29 has a fixed valve seat 31 facing the magnet coil 1, downstream of which, for example, two spray openings 33 formed, for example, by eroding, are formed in the valve seat body 29. The spray openings 33 have such large opening cross sections that the actual quantity of fuel dispensed during the stationary opening state of the fuel injector exceeds the predetermined target quantity, unless a further throttle device is provided for metering the fuel. Downstream of the spray openings 33, the valve seat body 29 has a treatment bore 35 which widens in the shape of a truncated cone in the flow direction.

In eine konzentrisch zu der Ventillängsachse 15 verlaufende abgestufte Strömungsbohrung 37 des Innenpols 3 ist zur Einstellung der Federkraft einer Rückstellfeder 39 eine rohrförmige Einstellbuchse 41 eingepreßt. Die Rückstellfeder 39 liegt mit ihrem einen Ende an der dem Ventilsitzkörper 29 zugewandten Stirnseite 43 der Einstellbuchse 41 an. Die Einpreßtiefe der Einstellbuchse 41 in die Strömungsbohrung 37 des Innenpols 3 bestimmt die Federkraft der Rückstellfeder 39 und beeinflußt damit auch die dynamische, während des Öffnungs- und des Schließhubes des Ventils abgegebene Brennstoffmenge.A tubular adjusting bushing 41 is pressed into a stepped flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3 that runs concentrically to the valve longitudinal axis 15 in order to adjust the spring force. The return spring 39 rests with its one end on the end face 43 of the adjusting bush 41 facing the valve seat body 29. The insertion depth of the adjusting bush 41 in the Flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3 determines the spring force of the return spring 39 and thus also influences the dynamic fuel quantity emitted during the opening and closing stroke of the valve.

Die Rückstellfeder 39 stützt sich mit ihrem der Einstellbuchse 41 abgewandten Ende in stromabwärtiger Richtung an einer Stirnseite 45 eines Verbindungsrohres 47 ab. Mit dem der Rückstellfeder 39 zugewandten Ende des Verbindungsrohres 47 ist beispielsweise durch Schweißen ein rohrförmiger Anker 49 verbunden, der durch einen Führungsbund 51 des Zwischenteils 17 geführt wird. An dem anderen Ende des Verbindungsrohres 47 ist mit diesem ein mit dem festen Ventilsitz 31 des Ventilsitzkörpers 29 zusammenwirkender, zum Beispiel als Kugel ausgebildeter Ventilschließkörper 53 beispielsweise durch Schweißen verbunden.The return spring 39 is supported with its end facing away from the adjusting bush 41 in the downstream direction on an end face 45 of a connecting tube 47. With the end of the connecting tube 47 facing the return spring 39, a tubular armature 49 is connected, for example by welding, which is guided through a guide collar 51 of the intermediate part 17. At the other end of the connecting tube 47, a valve closing body 53, which cooperates with the fixed valve seat 31 of the valve seat body 29 and is designed, for example, as a ball, is connected to it, for example by welding.

Zwischen einer Stirnseite 55 des dem Anker 49 zugewandten Polendes 13 und einer zum oberen Zylinderabschnitt 19 führenden Schulter 57 des Zwischenteils 17 ist ein axialer Spalt 59 gebildet, in dem durch Einklemmen eine einen Restluftspalt zwischen einer zulaufseitigen Stirnseite 61 des Ankers 49 und der Stirnseite 55 des Polendes 13 bildende, den Hub des Ventilschließkörpers 53 beim Öffnungsvorgang des Ventils begrenzende, nichtmagnetische Anschlagscheibe 63 angeordnet ist.Between an end face 55 of the pole end 13 facing the armature 49 and a shoulder 57 of the intermediate part 17 leading to the upper cylinder section 19, an axial gap 59 is formed, in which a residual air gap between an inlet-side end face 61 of the armature 49 and the end face 55 of the by clamping The non-magnetic stop disk 63, which forms the pole 13 and limits the stroke of the valve closing body 53 during the opening process of the valve, is arranged.

Die Magnetspule 1 ist von wenigstens einem, beispielsweise als Bügel ausgebildeten und als ferromagnetisches Element dienenden Leitelement 65 umgeben, das die Magnetspule 1 in Umfangsrichtung wenigstens teilweise umgibt sowie mit seinem einen Ende an dem Innenpol 3 und mit seinem anderen Ende an dem Düsenhalter 25 anliegt und mit diesen zum Beispiel durch Schweißen oder Löten verbunden ist. Ein Teil des Brennstoffeinspritzventils ist von einer Kunststoffummantelung 67 umschlossen, die sich vom Innenpol 3 ausgehend in axialer Richtung über die Magnetspule 1 und das wenigstens eine Leitelement 65 erstreckt.The magnet coil 1 is surrounded by at least one guide element 65, for example designed as a bracket and serving as a ferromagnetic element, which at least partially surrounds the magnet coil 1 in the circumferential direction and rests with its one end on the inner pole 3 and with its other end on the nozzle holder 25 and is connected to them, for example by welding or soldering. A part of the fuel injector is enclosed by a plastic sheath 67, which extends from the inner pole 3 in the axial direction over the magnet coil 1 and the at least one guide element 65.

In der gestuften Strömungsbohrung 37 des Innenpols 3 ist stromaufwärts der Einstellbuchse 41 in dem Polende 13 abgewandter Richtung ein Brennstoffilter 71 angeordnet. Der in das Brennstoffeinspritzventil eintretende Brennstoff durchströmt den Brennstoffilter 71 in bekannter Weise und tritt in radialer Richtung aus dem Brennstoffilter aus, wobei eventuelle Verunreinigungen des Brennstoffs in dem Brennstoffilter 71 zurückgehalten werden. An dem Umfang seines dem Polende 13 abgewandten oberen Endes 73 weist der Brennstoffilter 71 einen Haltering 75 auf. Der Brennstoffilter 71 ist durch Einschieben in die gestufte Strömungsbohrung 37 des Innenpols 3 montierbar und liegt im montierten Zustand mit seinem Haltering 75 mit einer leichten radialen Pressung an der Wandung eines dem unteren Polende 13 abgewandten Parallelabschnittes 77 der gestuften Strömungsbohrung 37 an.A fuel filter 71 is arranged in the stepped flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3 upstream of the adjusting bush 41 in the direction facing away from the pole end 13. The fuel entering the fuel injection valve flows through the fuel filter 71 in a known manner and emerges from the fuel filter in the radial direction, any contaminations of the fuel being retained in the fuel filter 71. The fuel filter 71 has a retaining ring 75 on the circumference of its upper end 73 facing away from the pole end 13. The fuel filter 71 can be installed by pushing it into the stepped flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3 and, in the assembled state, lies with its retaining ring 75 with a slight radial pressure on the wall of a parallel section 77 of the stepped flow bore 37 facing away from the lower pole end 13.

Ein dem unteren Polende 13 des Innenpols 3 zugewandtes unteres Ende 79 eines das Filtergewebe stützenden Trägerteils 83 des Brennstoffilters 71 ist mit einem Drosselkörper 81 verbunden, der sich in Richtung der Ventillängsachse 15 der Rückstellfeder 39 zugewandt erstreckt. Der Drosselkörper 81 kann zum Beispiel als Kunststoffbauteil ausgeführt und an das Trägerteil 83 des Brennstoffilters 71 durch Anspritzen mitangeformt sein und ist auf diese Art und Weise einfach und kostengünstig herstellbar. Der Drosselkörper 81 weist eine sich beispielsweise in Strömungsrichtung, also dem Ventilsitz 31 zugewandt kegelstumpfförmig verjüngende Form auf. Neben dieser Form kann der Drosselkörper 81 zum Beispiel auch die Form eines Tetraeders, einer Pyramide oder eine andere, sich vorzugsweise in Brennstoffströmungsrichtung verjüngende Form haben.A lower end 79, facing the lower pole end 13 of the inner pole 3, of a carrier part 83 of the fuel filter 71 which supports the filter fabric is connected to a throttle body 81 which extends in the direction of the longitudinal valve axis 15 of the return spring 39. The throttle body 81 can be designed, for example, as a plastic component and can also be molded onto the carrier part 83 of the fuel filter 71 by injection molding, and can be produced easily and inexpensively in this way. The throttle body 81 has, for example, a frustoconical shape tapering in the direction of flow, ie facing the valve seat 31. In addition to this shape, the throttle body 81 can, for example, also have the shape of a tetrahedron, a pyramid or another shape, which preferably tapers in the direction of fuel flow.

Die Einstellbuchse 41 hat eine sich in Strömungsrichtung des Brennstoffs konzentrisch zu der Ventillängsachse 15 erstreckende zylindrische Längsöffnung 85, die der Brennstoff in Richtung des Ventilsitzes 31 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils durchströmt. Der sich in Strömungsrichtung kegelstumpfförmig verjüngende Drosselkörper 81 ragt zum Beispiel teilweise in die Längsöffnung 85 der Einstellbuchse 41, so daß zwischen dem Umfang des Drosselkörpers 81 und der Wandung der Längsöffnung 85 eine Drosseleinrichtung 87 gebildet ist. Die Drosseleinrichtung 87 weist einen engen, ringförmigen freien Strömungsquerschnitt 89 auf, der an seiner engsten Stelle im Bereich einer dem Brennstoffilter 71 zugewandten oberen Stirnfläche 91 der Einstellbuchse 41 der Zumessung des Brennstoffs dient und dessen Querschnittsfläche die statische, während des stationären Öffnungszustandes abgegebene Brennstoffmenge des Brennstoffeinspritzventils beeinflußt.The adjusting bush 41 has a cylindrical longitudinal opening 85, which extends in the flow direction of the fuel concentrically to the valve longitudinal axis 15 and through which the fuel flows in the direction of the valve seat 31 of the fuel injection valve. The throttle body 81 tapering in the shape of a truncated cone, for example, partially projects into the longitudinal opening 85 of the adjusting bush 41, so that a throttle device 87 is formed between the circumference of the throttle body 81 and the wall of the longitudinal opening 85. The throttle device 87 has a narrow, ring-shaped free flow cross section 89, which at its narrowest point in the area of an upper end face 91 of the adjusting bush 41 facing the fuel filter 71 serves for metering the fuel and the cross-sectional area of which is the static fuel quantity of the fuel injection valve that is released during the stationary opening state influenced.

Zur Einstellung der statischen, während des stationären Öffnungszustandes abgegebenen Brennstoffmenge des Brennstoffeinspritzventils wird in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt an dem ansonsten fertig montierten Brennstoffeinspritzventil die Istmenge des abgegebenen Brennstoffs bei vollständig geöffnetem Brennstoffeinspritzventil zum Beispiel mittels einer Brennstoffleitung 95 und eines Brennstoffsammelgefäßes 97 gemessen. Die Abspritzöffnungen 33 weisen bei dem beispielsweise dargestellten Brennstoffeinspritzventil derart große Öffnungsquerschnitte auf, daß die Istmenge des abgegebenen Brennstoffs stets größer als die vorgegebene statische Sollmenge ist. In einem zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritt wird die Einschubtiefe des Brennstoffilters 71 in der Strömungsbohrung 37 des Innenpols 3 und damit die Tiefe, bis zu der der sich in Strömungsrichtung kegelstumpfförmig verjüngende Drosselkörper 81 in die Längsöffnung 85 der Einstellbuchse 41 ragt, mit einem Werkzeug 99 so lange variiert, bis sich der enge, den Brennstoff zumessende freie Strömungsquerschnitt 89 an der oberen Stirnseite 91 der Einstellbuchse 41 zwischen dem Umfang des Drosselkörpers 81 und der Wandung der Längsöffnung 85 der Einstellbuchse 41 derart verändert hat, daß die abgegebene Istmenge mit der vorgegebenen statischen Sollmenge des Brennstoffs übereinstimmt. Auf diese Art und Weise läßt sich der freie Strömungsquerschnitt 89 der Drosseleinrichtung 87 und damit die statische, während des stationären Öffnungszustandes abgegebene Brennstoffmenge des Einspritzventils kontinuierlich verändern, wobei der Brennstoffilter 71 und damit auch der mit dem Brennstoffilter 71 verbundene Drosselkörper 81 während des Einstellvorganges sowohl in Brennstoffströmungsrichtung als auch in entgegengesetzter Richtung verschoben werden können.In order to adjust the static amount of fuel delivered by the fuel injector during the stationary opening state, the actual amount of delivered fuel is measured with the fuel injector completely open, for example by means of a fuel line 95 and a fuel collecting vessel 97, on the otherwise fully assembled fuel injector. The spray openings 33 in the fuel injection valve shown, for example, have such large opening cross sections that the actual quantity of the fuel dispensed is always greater than the predetermined static target quantity. In a second method step according to the invention, the insertion depth of the fuel filter 71 in the flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3, and thus the depth to which the throttle body 81, which tapers in the direction of the truncated cone in the flow direction, protrudes into the longitudinal opening 85 of the adjusting bush 41, is so long using a tool 99 varies until the narrow, fuel-metering free flow cross-section 89 on the upper end face 91 of the adjusting bush 41 has changed between the circumference of the throttle body 81 and the wall of the longitudinal opening 85 of the adjusting bush 41 in such a way that the actual quantity delivered corresponds to the predetermined static target quantity of the Fuel matches. In this way, the free flow cross-section 89 of the throttle device 87 and thus the static fuel quantity emitted during the stationary opening state of the injection valve can be changed continuously, the fuel filter 71 and thus also the throttle body 81 connected to the fuel filter 71 during the adjustment process both in Fuel flow direction can be shifted as well as in the opposite direction.

Es ist auch möglich, daß die Drosseleinrichtung 87 zwischen dem Drosselkörper 81 und der Wandung der gestuften Strömungsbohrung 37 des Innenpols 3 gebildet ist.It is also possible that the throttle device 87 is formed between the throttle body 81 and the wall of the stepped flow bore 37 of the inner pole 3.

Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung hat den Vorteil, daß an einem ansonsten fertig montierten Brennstoffeinspritzventil die statische, während des stationären Öffnungszustandes abgegebene Brennstoffmenge direkt eingestellt werden kann. Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Streuung der statischen Brennstoffmengen der einzelnen Brennstoffeinspritzventile minimiert, sondern zugleich eine Reduzierung der Herstellkosten erzielt.The method according to the invention has the advantage that the static fuel quantity emitted during the stationary opening state can be set directly on an otherwise completely assembled fuel injection valve. This not only minimizes the spread of the static fuel quantities of the individual fuel injectors, but also reduces manufacturing costs.

Claims (9)

Verfahren zur Einstellung der statischen, während des stationären Öffnungszustandes abgegebenen Brennstoffmenge eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils, das ein in einem Strömungskanal liegendes, mit einem Ventilsitz zusammenwirkendes Ventilschließteil und eine stromaufwärts des Ventilsitzes angeordnete, der Zumessung des Brennstoffs dienende Drosseleinrichtung aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt an dem ansonsten fertig montierten Brennstoffeinspritzventil die Istmenge des abgegebenen Brennstoffs bei vollständig geöffnetem Brennstoffeinspritzventil gemessen und mit einer vorgegebenen Sollmenge verglichen wird, und in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt der freie Strömungsquerschnitt (89) der Drosseleinrichtung (87) solange verändert wird, bis die abgegebene Istmenge mit der vorgegebenen Sollmenge des Brennstoffs übereinstimmt.Method for adjusting the static amount of fuel delivered during the steady state of opening of a fuel injector, which has a valve closing part located in a flow channel, cooperating with a valve seat, and a throttle device arranged upstream of the valve seat and used for metering the fuel, characterized in that in a first method step on the otherwise fully assembled fuel injector, the actual quantity of fuel dispensed is measured with the fuel injector fully open and compared with a predetermined target quantity, and in a second method step the free flow cross-section (89) of the throttle device (87) is changed until the actual quantity dispensed with the predetermined target amount of fuel corresponds. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der freie Strömungsquerschnitt (89) der Drosseleinrichtung (87) kontinuierlich verändert wird.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the free flow cross-section (89) of the throttle device (87) is changed continuously. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Brennstoffeinspritzventil einen rohrförmigen Innenpol mit einer konzentrisch zu einer Ventillängsachse verlaufenden Strömungsbohrung und einen Drosselkörper hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der freie Strömungsquerschnitt (89) der Drosseleinrichtung (87) durch ein Variieren der Einschubtiefe des Drosselkörpers (81) in der Strömungsbohrung (37) des Innenpols (3) verändert wird.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fuel injection valve has a tubular inner pole with a flow bore concentric to a longitudinal axis of the valve and a throttle body, characterized in that the free flow cross-section (89) of the throttle device (87) by varying the insertion depth of the throttle body (81 ) in the flow bore (37) of the inner pole (3) is changed. Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem in einem Strömungskanal liegenden, mit einem Ventilsitz zusammenwirkenden Ventilschließteil, und mit einer stromaufwärts des Ventilsitzes angeordneten, der Zumessung des Brennstoffs dienenden Drosseleinrichtung, insbesondere zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der freie Strömungsquerschnitt (89) der Drosseleinrichtung (87) an dem ansonsten fertig montierten Brennstoffeinspritzventil veränderbar ist.Fuel injection valve with a valve closing part located in a flow channel and interacting with a valve seat, and with a throttle device arranged upstream of the valve seat and used for metering the fuel, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the free flow cross section ( 89) of the throttle device (87) on the otherwise fully assembled fuel injector. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der freie Strömungsquerschnitt (89) der Drosseleinrichtung (87) kontinuierlich veränderbar ist.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 4, characterized in that the free flow cross section (89) of the throttle device (87) can be changed continuously. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, mit einem rohrförmigen Innenpol, der eine konzentrisch zu einer Ventillängsachse verlaufende Strömungsbohrung hat, und mit einem Drosselkörper, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der freie Strömungsquerschnitt (89) der Drosseleinrichtung (87) durch ein Variieren der Einschubtiefe des Drosselkörpers (81) in der Strömungsbohrung (37) des Innenpols (3) veränderbar ist.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 4 or 5, with a tubular inner pole which has a flow bore concentric with a longitudinal axis of the valve, and with a throttle body, characterized in that the free flow cross-section (89) of the throttle device (87) is varied by varying the insertion depth of the throttle body ( 81) in the flow bore (37) of the inner pole (3) can be changed. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 6, mit einem in der Strömungsbohrung des Innenpoles angeordneten Brennstoffilter, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Drosselkörper (81) mit dem Brennstoffilter (71) verbunden ist.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 6, with a fuel filter arranged in the flow bore of the inner pole, characterized in that the throttle body (81) is connected to the fuel filter (71). Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 7, mit einer in der Durchgangsbohrung des Innenpols angeordneten rohrförmigen Einstellbuchse, die eine Längsöffnung aufweist und stromabwärts des Brennstoffilters angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Drosselkörper (81) teilweise in die Längsöffnung (85) der Einstellbuchse (41) ragt.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 7, with a tubular adjusting bush arranged in the through hole of the inner pole, which has a longitudinal opening and is arranged downstream of the fuel filter, characterized in that the throttle body (81) projects partially into the longitudinal opening (85) of the adjusting bush (41). Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 6, 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der Drosselkörper (81) in Brennstoffströmungsrichtung verjüngt.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the throttle body (81) tapers in the direction of fuel flow.
EP92110520A 1991-07-18 1992-06-23 Method for adjusting a fuel injection valve and fuel injection valve Expired - Lifetime EP0523405B1 (en)

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DE4123787 1991-07-18

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DE4123787A1 (en) 1993-01-21
EP0523405B1 (en) 1994-10-26
US5383606A (en) 1995-01-24
DE59200686D1 (en) 1994-12-01
JPH05195912A (en) 1993-08-06
EP0523405A3 (en) 1993-08-04

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