EP0523117B1 - Central locking installation for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Central locking installation for a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0523117B1
EP0523117B1 EP91907011A EP91907011A EP0523117B1 EP 0523117 B1 EP0523117 B1 EP 0523117B1 EP 91907011 A EP91907011 A EP 91907011A EP 91907011 A EP91907011 A EP 91907011A EP 0523117 B1 EP0523117 B1 EP 0523117B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmitter
receiver
code word
central locking
recognition signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91907011A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0523117A1 (en
Inventor
Berthold Wolfram
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00182—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00182—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G07C2009/00238—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks the transmittted data signal containing a code which is changed
    • G07C2009/00253—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks the transmittted data signal containing a code which is changed dynamically, e.g. variable code - rolling code
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
    • G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a central locking system for a motor vehicle with a control and a remote control device which is provided with at least one transmitter operating as a key and a receiver operating as a lock, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a central locking system is known from documents EP-A-0 265 728, DE-A-39 27 024 and DE-A-32 44 049, with the latter storing a number of defined, different code words in the transmitter and receiver (code word store ), which in turn are arranged in order.
  • code word store code word store
  • the transmitter transmits one of these code words, in sequence, starting from the first code word.
  • a decoding device in the receiver accordingly converts a received code word into an unlock signal and feeds it to the controller. If the code word is exhausted, the first code word is started cyclically.
  • the decoding device for processing these code words is equipped with several decoding channels corresponding to the number of transmitters.
  • a permanently set identifier transmitter identifier which is dependent on the transmitter and which differs from the identifiers of other transmitters and which switches on the corresponding decoding channel in the receiver is emitted.
  • both the transmitter identification and the number of decoding channels and thus the number of transmitters used in the central locking system must be known beforehand. This data must have been set at the factory, for example by programming. Therefore, the user is fixed from the start on a predetermined number of keys.
  • the invention has for its object to modify a central locking system of the type mentioned in such a way that the transmitter (key) searches for its transmitter identifier, which differs from the identifier of other transmitters, and the maximum number of authorized transmitters only from the size of the transmitter - and receive memory depends.
  • a central locking system in which a random generator in the transmitter of the remote control device generates a transmitter identifier upon authorized authorization, which is stored in a transmitter memory, in which the transmitter identifier is transmitted together with a code word from the transmitter to the receiver and in which the receiver contains an evaluation circuit by means of which the transmitter identifier is compared with already stored transmitter identifiers during initialization and is stored as an authorized transmitter identifier in a reception memory if it has not yet been stored.
  • a central locking system is simple, inexpensive and particularly suitable for mass production.
  • Another advantage of this central locking system is that there is no dialogue between the key and the lock, i.e. there must only be one transmitting element in the key, but no receiving element. Furthermore, a register in the key can be used as a random generator. Due to the small number of required components in the key, the design is largely determined by useful external criteria, such as of manageability.
  • a motor vehicle 1 (FIG. 1) has a central locking system which is actuated by a transmitter 2.
  • a signal 3 is sent to the receiver 4.
  • the receiver 4 can be outside the motor vehicle 1, e.g. on a vehicle door, or in the motor vehicle, e.g. on the rearview mirror.
  • the transmitter 2 and the receiver 4 In order to adapt a transmitter 2 to a central locking system, the transmitter 2 and the receiver 4 must first be put into an initialization mode.
  • the receiver 4 is activated by a predefined setting of an electrical consumer in the motor vehicle 1 provided for this purpose, e.g. a car radio, prepared.
  • the central locking system can be initialized with reduced transmission power. Then the transmitter 2 must be kept at a maximum distance of ten millimeters from the receiver 4.
  • a transmitter control element 6 (FIG. 2), here executed as a key, is then held down until a display element 9 controlled by a clock generator 7 and a counter 8, e.g. a light emitting diode, a predetermined period of time lights up and thus specifies a cycle for the user to actuate the key to carry out an initialization.
  • a random generator 10 In a first initialization step, several random numbers are generated in a random generator 10.
  • the random generator 10 is integrated in a transmitter control circuit 11 here.
  • the control circuit 11 is designed here as a microprocessor and the random generator as a register of the microprocessor.
  • the register is incremented continuously after a supply voltage is applied. The content of the register determines the random number when a key is pressed.
  • Several random numbers become in the control circuit 11 formed a master code word (master code).
  • the original code changes a given mathematical education law, with the help of which a series can be calculated for the code words of a code word stock (Wechselcooe). This also determines the size of the code word pool.
  • the transmitter identifier 22 (cf. FIG. 3) determines a further random number from a number of approved transmitter identifiers.
  • the transmitter identifier 22 and the original code word are stored in a transmitter memory 12 and are transmitted wirelessly by a transmitter element 13, e.g. by means of infrared radiation, to a receiving element 15 of the receiver 4.
  • the received signal 3 is evaluated in a further receiver control circuit 17, which is clocked by a clock generator 16 and is designed here as a microprocessor.
  • the receiver 4 is informed by the original code word that initialization is taking place.
  • the received transmitter identifier 22 is adopted as the transmitter identifier that will be valid in the future and is stored in a reception memory 18.
  • An acknowledgment signal is then sent via a further display element 19, e.g. an LED, output in the receiver 4.
  • a further random number is used together with the original code to calculate a start code word.
  • the start code word is used to use the education law to determine a first code word 23 (see FIG. 3) in turn from the change code, i.e. the first code word of the change code to be transmitted is specified.
  • the start code word is transmitted to the receiver 4 together with the transmitter identifier and is stored in the receiver memory 18 together with the transmitter identifier.
  • the first code word 23 of the change code is generated in the transmitter 2 using the formation code defined by the original code with the aid of the start code word. This is transmitted to the receiver 4 together with the transmitter identifier 22. There, the first code word 23 is stored together with the transmitter identifier 22 in the reception memory 18 as the start word. The start word is used with the help of the Education Act to define the code word that is expected in the receiver 4 after the transmission of a code word 23.
  • the central locking system is now initialized to the extent that the transmitter 2 can be used to open or close the central locking system.
  • the transmitter identifier 22 in the microprocessor of the receiver is compared with identifiers that may already be present from other transmitters. If the same transmitter identifier 22 has not yet been stored, it is adopted as the transmitter identifier which will be valid in the future and stored in the receive memory 18. However, if the same transmitter identifier has already been stored by another transmitter 2 during initialization, the receiver 4 does not output an acknowledgment signal and the initialization must be repeated.
  • the transmitter identification 22 in the receiver 4 is checked in the receiver 4 for its authorization as the transmitter identification of the central locking system, and, given the authorization, the start code word is stored in the reception memory 18 together with the transmitter identification.
  • the transmitter identifier 22 is first checked in the receiver 4 and, together with the first code word 23 of the change code, is stored in the reception memory 18 as the start word after the start code word. With this procedure, all transmitters approved for the central locking system are now initialized.
  • the start code word can be dispensed with. Only the original code word defines the first code word of the change code to be transmitted.
  • the previously transmitted change code word is changed in accordance with the specified education law, i.e. the individual code words 23 are cyclically removed one after the other from the word stock of the change code when a key is pressed. If the code word is exhausted, the first code word starts again.
  • the code word 23 is transmitted to the receiver 4 together with the stored transmitter identifier 22. There it is checked whether the transmitter identifier 22 is present. If the transmitter identifier 22 is authorized, the start word stored under this transmitter identifier in the reception memory 18 is changed according to the same law as in the transmitter 2 and compared with the received code word 23. If the two code words match, a control pulse 20 is sent to a control of the centrally locked door locks in order to effect a closing or opening process. The received code word 23 is saved as a new start word.
  • the code word 23 is only calculated in the transmitter 2.
  • the receiver 4 should react to received code words 23, which in turn have already been calculated further than the code word originally expected.
  • the start word is further calculated in the receiver 4 up to a number of several subsequent code words (catch area) and in each case compared with the received code word 23. If a code word of the catch area matches the received code word 23, a control pulse 20 is then triggered.
  • the size of the catch area depends on the size of the code word and on security-related aspects. In the present application example, the catch range is between zero and ninety-nine code words.
  • a control pulse 20 is then only sent to the control sent if the code word received immediately thereafter is the code word expected according to the Education Act.
  • the post-synchronization range is between a hundred and a thousand code words.
  • the transmitted signal 3 (FIG. 3) consists of bits of the transmitter identifier 22 and of bits of the code word 23.
  • the transmitter identifier 22 remains the same when the key has been initialized and is stored in the transmitter memory 12.
  • the size of the code word stock depends on the number of bits of code word 23. In the case of a code word 23 with, for example, sixty-four bits, there is a code word stock of 2 to 64 different code words for the change code.
  • the code word 23 is changed every time a button is pressed in the transmitter by the Education Act based on the immediately preceding code word. It is stored as a start word in the receiver 4 as soon as a control pulse 20 has been triggered.
  • the master code word, the start code word or the change code word can be transmitted as code word 23.
  • the number of possible transmitter identifiers 22 is, for example, fourteen and that of the permitted keys is four.
  • the key numbers can be coded so that they differ from one another by two bits. This largely precludes the fact that, due to a bit error in the transmission of signal 3 in receiver 4, the alternating code of another key is used for comparison.
  • the first key is initialized, the number "11", for example, is randomly generated as the key number and accepted and acknowledged by the receiver 4.
  • the initialization of the second key results in the key number "6" generated at random. This is also accepted and acknowledged.
  • the third key is initialized, the key number "11" is generated randomly. This is not accepted by the recipient 4 because it has already been assigned to another key.
  • the special coding of the key number can be dispensed with.
  • a test byte is generated in transmitter 2 and transmitted in signal 3.
  • the receiver 4 compares the received signal 3 with the signal to be expected, in which a test byte has also been generated in the receiver.
  • an alternate code word to be transmitted consists of three bytes with the hexadecimal numbers "03", "02" and "04".
  • the test byte is now generated by forming the checksum of the three change code bytes and results in the hexadecimal number "09”.
  • the four bytes are transmitted to the receiver 4 in the code word 23.
  • the three bytes of the expected change code word and their checksum are calculated in receiver 4. If the change code bytes or the checksum match, the received code word 23 is assumed to be valid. The comparison can thus be used to determine whether there is a transmission error.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a central locking installation for a motor vehicle with a transmitter (2) operating as a key and a receiver (4) acting as a lock. When the transmitter (2) is actuated to close or open the door locks, a signal (3) is transmitted to the receiver (4) and produces a control pulse (20) there. Each transmitter (2) has its own recognition signal and a stock of code words from which the code word is taken in turn and transmitted. The receiver (4) assumes a transmitter allocation through the transmitter recognition signal. The basis of the invention is that the transmitter (2) seeks its own transmitter recognition signal. This is done in that the transmitter recognition signal which is stored in a transmitter store (12) and transmitted together with a code word is randomly generated. The receiver (4) has an evaluation circuit by which the transmitter recognition signal is compared with those already stored and stored as a legitimate transmitter recognition signal in a receiver store (18) if not already so stored.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zentralverriegelungsanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Steuerung und einer Fernbetätigungs-Einrichtung, die mit zumindest einem als Schlüssel arbeitenden Sender und einem als Schloß arbeitenden Empfänger versehen ist, gemäß Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a central locking system for a motor vehicle with a control and a remote control device which is provided with at least one transmitter operating as a key and a receiver operating as a lock, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine solche Zentralverriegelungsanlage ist bekannt aus den Dokumenten EP-A-0 265 728, DE-A-39 27 024 und DE-A-32 44 049, wobei bei letzerem im Sender und im Empfänger eine Menge von definierten, unterschiedlichen Codeworten gespeichert (Codewortvorrat) sind, die ihrerseits einer Reihe nach geordnet sind. Der Sender sendet bei Betätigung eines Bedienelements eines dieser Codeworte aus und zwar der Reihe nach fortschaltend, beginnend beim ersten Codewort. Eine Decodiereinrichtung im Empfänger setzt entsprechend ein empfangenes Codewort in ein Entriegelungssignal um und führt es der Steuerung zu. Ist der Codewortvorrat ausgeschöpft, so wird zyklisch wieder beim ersten Codewort begonnen. Handelt es sich um eine Ausführungsform mit mehreren Sendern, jedoch mit von Sender zu Sender unterschiedlichen Mengen von Codeworten, so ist die Decodiereinrichtung zur Verarbeitung dieser Codeworte mit mehreren, der Anzahl der Sender entsprechenden Decodierkanälen ausgerüstet. Bei Betätigung des Senders wird eine fest eingestellte von dem Sender abhängige Kennung (Senderkennung) ausgestrahlt, die sich von den Kennungen anderer Sender unterscheidet und die im Empfänger den entsprechenden Decodierkanal einschaltet.Such a central locking system is known from documents EP-A-0 265 728, DE-A-39 27 024 and DE-A-32 44 049, with the latter storing a number of defined, different code words in the transmitter and receiver (code word store ), which in turn are arranged in order. When a control element is actuated, the transmitter transmits one of these code words, in sequence, starting from the first code word. A decoding device in the receiver accordingly converts a received code word into an unlock signal and feeds it to the controller. If the code word is exhausted, the first code word is started cyclically. If it is an embodiment with several transmitters, but with different amounts of code words from transmitter to transmitter, then the decoding device for processing these code words is equipped with several decoding channels corresponding to the number of transmitters. When the transmitter is actuated, a permanently set identifier (transmitter identifier) which is dependent on the transmitter and which differs from the identifiers of other transmitters and which switches on the corresponding decoding channel in the receiver is emitted.

Bei der bekannten Zentralverriegelungsanlage muß sowohl die Senderkennung als auch die Anzahl der Decodierkanäle und damit die Anzahl der verwendeten Sender der Zentralverriegelungsanlage vorher bekannt sein. Diese Daten müssen werksmäßig beispielsweise durch Programmierung eingestellt worden sein. Daher ist der Benutzer von vornherein auf eine vorgegebene Anzahl von Schlüsseln festgelegt.In the known central locking system, both the transmitter identification and the number of decoding channels and thus the number of transmitters used in the central locking system must be known beforehand. This data must have been set at the factory, for example by programming. Therefore, the user is fixed from the start on a predetermined number of keys.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Zentralverriegelungsanlage der eingangs genannten Art so abzuwandeln, daß sich der Sender (Schlüssel) seine Senderkennung, die sich von der Kennung anderer Sender unterscheidet, selber sucht und die maximale Anzahl der berechtigten Sender nur von der Größe des Sende- und Empfangsspeichers abhängt.The invention has for its object to modify a central locking system of the type mentioned in such a way that the transmitter (key) searches for its transmitter identifier, which differs from the identifier of other transmitters, and the maximum number of authorized transmitters only from the size of the transmitter - and receive memory depends.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Zentralverriegelungsanlage gelöst, bei der ein Zufallsgenerator im Sender der Fernbetätigungseinrichtung bei einer berechtigten Initialisierung eine Senderkennung erzeugt, die in einem Sendespeicher gespeichert wird, bei der die Senderkennung zusammen mit einem Codewort vom Sender zum Empfänger übertragen wird und bei der der Empfänger eine Auswerteschaltung enthält, durch die die Senderkennung bei der Initialisierung mit bereits gespeicherten Senderkennungen verglichen und als berechtigte Senderkennung in einem Empfangsspeicher gespeichert wird, wenn sie noch nicht gespeichert ist. Eine solche Zentralverriegelungsanlage ist einfach aufgebaut, kostengünstig und insbesondere für die Massenfertigung geeignet.This object is achieved by a central locking system in which a random generator in the transmitter of the remote control device generates a transmitter identifier upon authorized authorization, which is stored in a transmitter memory, in which the transmitter identifier is transmitted together with a code word from the transmitter to the receiver and in which the receiver contains an evaluation circuit by means of which the transmitter identifier is compared with already stored transmitter identifiers during initialization and is stored as an authorized transmitter identifier in a reception memory if it has not yet been stored. Such a central locking system is simple, inexpensive and particularly suitable for mass production.

Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser Zentralverriegelungsanlage liegt darin, daß kein Dialog zwischen Schlüssel und Schloß stattfindet, d.h. im Schlüssel muß sich nur ein Sendeelement befinden, aber kein Empfangselement. Des weiteren kann als Zufallsgenerator ein Register im Schlüssel verwendet werden. Wegen der geringer Anzahl von benötigten Komponenten im Schlüssel wird die Bauform weitgehend von nützlichen äußeren Kriterien, wie z.B. der Handlichkeit, bestimmt.Another advantage of this central locking system is that there is no dialogue between the key and the lock, i.e. there must only be one transmitting element in the key, but no receiving element. Furthermore, a register in the key can be used as a random generator. Due to the small number of required components in the key, the design is largely determined by useful external criteria, such as of manageability.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Zentralverriegelungsanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Sender und einem Empfänger,
Fig. 2
den Sender und den Empfänger der Zentralverriegelungsanlage nach Fig. 1, und
Fig. 3
den Aufbau eines vom Sender zum Empfänger der Zentralverriegelungsanlage nach Fig. 1 übertragenen Signals.
An embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a central locking system according to the invention for a motor vehicle with a transmitter and a receiver,
Fig. 2
the transmitter and the receiver of the central locking system according to Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3
the structure of a signal transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver of the central locking system according to FIG. 1.

Ein Kraftfahrzeug 1 (Fig. 1) weist eine Zentralverriegelungsanlage auf, die von einem Sender 2 aus betätigt wird. Bei der Betätigung des Senders 2 durch einen Benutzer wird ein Signal 3 zu Empfänger 4 gesendet. Der Empfänger 4 kann außerhalb des Kraftfahrzeugs 1, z.B an einer Fahrzeugtür, oder im Kraftfahrzeug ,z.B. am Rückspiegel, angebracht sein.A motor vehicle 1 (FIG. 1) has a central locking system which is actuated by a transmitter 2. When the transmitter 2 is actuated by a user, a signal 3 is sent to the receiver 4. The receiver 4 can be outside the motor vehicle 1, e.g. on a vehicle door, or in the motor vehicle, e.g. on the rearview mirror.

Um einen Sender 2 an eine Zentralverriegelungsanlage anzupassen, müssen zunächst der Sender 2 und der Empfänger 4 in einen Initialisierungsmodus gebracht werden. Dabei wird der Empfänger 4 durch eine vorgegebene Einstellung eines für diesen Zweck vorgesehenen elektrischen Verbrauchers im Kraftfahrzeug 1, z.B. ein Autoradio, vorbereitet.In order to adapt a transmitter 2 to a central locking system, the transmitter 2 and the receiver 4 must first be put into an initialization mode. The receiver 4 is activated by a predefined setting of an electrical consumer in the motor vehicle 1 provided for this purpose, e.g. a car radio, prepared.

Damit die zwischen Sender 2 und Empfänger 4 übertragenen Signale 3 nicht durch Dritte unbeabsichtigt abgehört werden können, kann eine Initialisierung der Zentralverriegelungsanlage bei reduzierter Sendeleistung erfolgen. Dann muß der Sender 2 in einem Abstand von maximal zehn Millimetern vom Empfänger 4 entfernt gehalten werden. Anschließend wird ein Senderbedienelement 6 (Fig. 2), hier als Taste ausgeführt, solange gedrückt gehalten, bis ein von einem Taktgeber 7 und einem Zähler 8 gesteuertes Anzeigeelement 9, z.B. eine Leuchtdiode, eine vorgegebene Zeitdauer leuchtet und somit dem Benutzer einen Takt zur Betätigung der Taste zur Ausführung einer Initialisierung vorgibt.So that the signals 3 transmitted between transmitter 2 and receiver 4 cannot be unintentionally intercepted by third parties, the central locking system can be initialized with reduced transmission power. Then the transmitter 2 must be kept at a maximum distance of ten millimeters from the receiver 4. A transmitter control element 6 (FIG. 2), here executed as a key, is then held down until a display element 9 controlled by a clock generator 7 and a counter 8, e.g. a light emitting diode, a predetermined period of time lights up and thus specifies a cycle for the user to actuate the key to carry out an initialization.

In einem ersten Initialisierungsschritt werden in einem Zufallsgenerator 10 mehrere Zufallszahlen generiert. Der Zufallsgenerator 10 ist hier in einer Sendersteuerschaltung 11 integriert. Die Steuerschaltung 11 ist hier als Mikroprozessor ausgeführt und der Zufallsgenerator als ein Register des Mikroprozessors. Das Register wird nach Anlegen einer Versorgungsspannung laufend inkrementiert. Der Inhalt des Registers bestimmt bei Betätigung einer Tast die Zufallszahl. Aus mehreren Zufallszahlen wird in der Steuerschaltung 11 ein Urcodewort (Urcode) gebildet. Der Urcode ändert ein vorgegebenes mathematisches Bildungsgesetz, mit dessen Hilfe eine Reihe für die Codeworte eines Codewortvorrats (Wechselcooe) berechnet werden kann. Damit wird auch die Größe des Codewortvorrats bestimmt. Eine weitere Zufallszahl legt die Senderkennung 22 (vgl. Fig. 3) aus einer Anzahl von zugelassenen Senderkennungen fest.In a first initialization step, several random numbers are generated in a random generator 10. The random generator 10 is integrated in a transmitter control circuit 11 here. The control circuit 11 is designed here as a microprocessor and the random generator as a register of the microprocessor. The register is incremented continuously after a supply voltage is applied. The content of the register determines the random number when a key is pressed. Several random numbers become in the control circuit 11 formed a master code word (master code). The original code changes a given mathematical education law, with the help of which a series can be calculated for the code words of a code word stock (Wechselcooe). This also determines the size of the code word pool. The transmitter identifier 22 (cf. FIG. 3) determines a further random number from a number of approved transmitter identifiers.

Die Senderkennung 22 und das Urcodewort werden in einem Sendespeicher 12 gespeichert und durch ein Sendeelement 13 drahtlos, z.B. mittels Infrarot-Strahlung, zu einem Empfangselement 15 des Empfängers 4 übertragen. Im Empfänger 4 wird das empfangene Signal 3 in einer weiteren von einem Taktgeber 16 getakteten Empfängersteuerschaltung 17, die hier als Mikroprozessor ausgeführt ist, ausgewertet. Dem Empfänger 4 wird durch das Urcodewort mitgeteilt, daß eine Initialisierung erfolgt. Die empfangene Senderkennung 22 wird als zukünftig gültige Senderkennung übernommen und in einen Empfangsspeicher 18 gespeichert. Es wird dann ein Quittierungssignal über ein weiteres Anzeigeelement 19, z.B. eine Leuchtdiode, im Empfänger 4 ausgegeben.The transmitter identifier 22 and the original code word are stored in a transmitter memory 12 and are transmitted wirelessly by a transmitter element 13, e.g. by means of infrared radiation, to a receiving element 15 of the receiver 4. In the receiver 4, the received signal 3 is evaluated in a further receiver control circuit 17, which is clocked by a clock generator 16 and is designed here as a microprocessor. The receiver 4 is informed by the original code word that initialization is taking place. The received transmitter identifier 22 is adopted as the transmitter identifier that will be valid in the future and is stored in a reception memory 18. An acknowledgment signal is then sent via a further display element 19, e.g. an LED, output in the receiver 4.

Im folgenoen Initialisierungsschritt wird eine weitere Zufallszahl zusammen mit dem Urcode zur Berechnung eines Startcodeworts herangezogen. Das Startcodewort dient dazu, mit Hilfe des Bildungsgesetzes ein erstes Codewort 23 (vgl. Fig. 3) der Reihe nach aus dem Wechselcode festzulegen, d.h. es wird das erste zu übertragende Codewort des Wechselcodes festgelegt. Das Startcodewort wird zusammen mit der Senderkennung zum Empfänger 4 übertragen und zusammen mit der Senderkennung im Empfangsspeicher 18 abgespeichert.In the subsequent initialization step, a further random number is used together with the original code to calculate a start code word. The start code word is used to use the education law to determine a first code word 23 (see FIG. 3) in turn from the change code, i.e. the first code word of the change code to be transmitted is specified. The start code word is transmitted to the receiver 4 together with the transmitter identifier and is stored in the receiver memory 18 together with the transmitter identifier.

In einem letzten Initialisierungsschritt wird im Sender 2 mit dem vom Urcode festgelegten Bildungsgesetz das erste Codewort 23 des Wechselcodes mit Hilfe des Startcodeworts erzeugt. Dieses wird zusammen mit der Senderkennung 22 zum Empfänger 4 übertragen. Dort wird das erste Codewort 23 zusammen mit der Senderkennung 22 im Empfangsspeicher 18 als Startwort abgespeichert. Das Startwort dient dazu, mit Hilfe des Bildungsgesetzes das Codewort festzulegen, das nach der Übertragung eines Codeworts 23 im Empfänger 4 erwartet wird. Die Zentralverriegelungsanlage ist nun soweit initialisiert, daß der Sender 2 zum Öffnen oder Schließen der Zentralverriegelungsanlage benutzt werden kann.In a last initialization step, the first code word 23 of the change code is generated in the transmitter 2 using the formation code defined by the original code with the aid of the start code word. This is transmitted to the receiver 4 together with the transmitter identifier 22. There, the first code word 23 is stored together with the transmitter identifier 22 in the reception memory 18 as the start word. The start word is used with the help of the Education Act to define the code word that is expected in the receiver 4 after the transmission of a code word 23. The central locking system is now initialized to the extent that the transmitter 2 can be used to open or close the central locking system.

Nachfolgend werden weitere zugelassene Sender in der gleichen Weise initialisiert, wobei sich allerdings der Urcode, das Startcodewort und der Wechselcode von denen anderer Sender, bedingt durch eine zufallsgenerierte Entstehungsweise, unterscheiden. Hinzu kommt, daß bei den noch zu initialisierenden Sendern im ersten Initialisierungsschritt die Senderkennung 22 im Mikroprozessor des Empfängers mit eventuell bereits vorhandenen Kennungen von anderen Sendern verglichen wird. Ist die gleiche Senderkennung 22 noch nicht gespeichert, so wird sie als zukünftig gültige Senderkennung übernommen und im Empfangsspeicher 18 gespeichert. Ist aber die gleiche Senderkennung bei einer vorher erfolgten Initialisierung durch einen anderen Sender 2 schon gespeichert worden, so gibt der Empfänger 4 kein Quittierungssignal aus und die Initialisierung muß wiederholt werden.Subsequently, other approved transmitters are initialized in the same way, although the original code, the start code word and the change code differ from those of other transmitters due to a randomly generated mode of origin. In addition, in the case of the transmitters still to be initialized, in the first initialization step the transmitter identifier 22 in the microprocessor of the receiver is compared with identifiers that may already be present from other transmitters. If the same transmitter identifier 22 has not yet been stored, it is adopted as the transmitter identifier which will be valid in the future and stored in the receive memory 18. However, if the same transmitter identifier has already been stored by another transmitter 2 during initialization, the receiver 4 does not output an acknowledgment signal and the initialization must be repeated.

Im folgenden Initialisierungssohritt wird bei den noch zu initialisierenden Sendern 2 die Senderkennung 22 im Empfänger 4 auf ihre Berechtigung als Senderkennung der Zentralverriegelungsanlage hin geprüft, und bei gegebener Berechtigung wird das Startcodewort zusammen mit der Senderkennung im Empfangsspeicher 18 abgespeichert. Im letzten Initialisierungsschritt wird im Empfänger 4 die Senderkennung 22 zuerst geprüft und zusammen mit dem ersten Codewort 23 des Wechselcodes nach dem Startcodewort im Empfangsspeicher 18 als Startwort abgespeichert. Mit dieser Vorgehensweise sind nun alle zur Zentralverriegelungsanlage zugelassenen Sender initialisiert.In the following initialization step, the transmitter identification 22 in the receiver 4 is checked in the receiver 4 for its authorization as the transmitter identification of the central locking system, and, given the authorization, the start code word is stored in the reception memory 18 together with the transmitter identification. In the last initialization step, the transmitter identifier 22 is first checked in the receiver 4 and, together with the first code word 23 of the change code, is stored in the reception memory 18 as the start word after the start code word. With this procedure, all transmitters approved for the central locking system are now initialized.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann auf das Startcodewort verzichtet werden. Lediglich das Urcodewort legt das erste zu übertragende Codewort des Wechselcodes fest.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the start code word can be dispensed with. Only the original code word defines the first code word of the change code to be transmitted.

Im Normalbetrieb wird bei jeder Tastenbetätigung im Sender 2 das direkt vorher übertragene Wechselcodewort nach dem vorgegebenen Bildungsgesetz verändert, d.h. die einzelnen Codeworte 23 werden bei einer Tastenbetätigung zyklisch einer Reihe nach aus dem Wortvorrat des Wechselcode entnommen. Ist der Codewortvorrat ausgeschöpft, so wird wieder beim ersten Codewort begonnen. Das Codewort 23 wird zusammen mit der gespeicherten Senderkennung 22 zum Empfänger 4 übertragen. Dort wird geprüft, ob die Senderkennung 22 vorhanden ist. Bei berechtigter Senderkennung 22 wird das unter dieser Senderkennung im Empfangsspeicher 18 abgespeicherte Startwort nach dem gleichen Bildungsgesetz wie im Sender 2 geändert und mit dem empfangenen Codewort 23 verglichen. Bei Übereinstimmung der beiden Codeworte wird ein Steuerimpuls 20 an eine Steuerung der zentralverriegelten Türverschlüsse geschickt, um einen Schließ - oder Öffnungsvorgang zu bewirken. Das empfangene Codewort 23 wird als neues Startwort gespeichert.In normal operation, each time the button 2 is pressed in the transmitter, the previously transmitted change code word is changed in accordance with the specified education law, i.e. the individual code words 23 are cyclically removed one after the other from the word stock of the change code when a key is pressed. If the code word is exhausted, the first code word starts again. The code word 23 is transmitted to the receiver 4 together with the stored transmitter identifier 22. There it is checked whether the transmitter identifier 22 is present. If the transmitter identifier 22 is authorized, the start word stored under this transmitter identifier in the reception memory 18 is changed according to the same law as in the transmitter 2 and compared with the received code word 23. If the two code words match, a control pulse 20 is sent to a control of the centrally locked door locks in order to effect a closing or opening process. The received code word 23 is saved as a new start word.

Wird das Senderbedienelement 6 betätigt, ohne daß der Empfänger 4 ein Signal empfängt, z.B. bei Empfangsstörungen oder Leerbetätigungen, so wird das Codewort 23 nur im Sender 2 weitergerechnet. Damit die Zentralverriegelungsanlage funktionsfähig bleibt, sollte der Empfänger 4 auf empfangene Codeworte 23 reagieren, die der Reihe nach schon weiter gerechnet sind als das ursprünglich erwartete Codewort. Zu diesem Zweck wird im Empfänger 4 das Startwort bis zu einer Anzahl von mehreren nachfolgenden Codeworten (Fangbereich) weitergerechnet und jeweils mit dem empfangenen Codewort 23 verglichen. Bei Übereinstimmung eines Codeworts des Fangbereichs mit dem empfangenen Codewort 23 wird dann ein Steuerimpuls 20 ausgelöst. Die Größe des Fangbereichs ist abhängig von der Größe des Codewortvorrats und von sicherheitsrelevanten Aspekten. In dem vorliegenden Anwendungsbeispiel liegt der Fangbereich zwischen null und neunundneunzig Codeworten. Liegt das empfangene Codewort 23, ausgehend vom Startwort, außerhalb des Fangbereichs, aber innerhalb eines erweiterten Fangbereichs (Nachsynchronisationsbereich), so wird nur dann ein Steuerimpuls 20 an die Steuerung geschickt, wenn das unmittelbar danach empfangene Codewort das nach dem Bildungsgesetz erwartete Codewort ist. Im vorliegenden Anwendungsbeispiel liegt der Nachsynchronisationsbereich zwischen hundert und tausend Codeworten. Wird ein Steuerimpuls 20 ausgelöst, so wird das empfangene Codewort 23 als Startwort zusammen mit der Senderkennung 22 im Empfangsspeicher 18 gespeichert.If the transmitter control element 6 is actuated without the receiver 4 receiving a signal, for example in the event of reception disturbances or idle operations, the code word 23 is only calculated in the transmitter 2. In order for the central locking system to remain functional, the receiver 4 should react to received code words 23, which in turn have already been calculated further than the code word originally expected. For this purpose, the start word is further calculated in the receiver 4 up to a number of several subsequent code words (catch area) and in each case compared with the received code word 23. If a code word of the catch area matches the received code word 23, a control pulse 20 is then triggered. The size of the catch area depends on the size of the code word and on security-related aspects. In the present application example, the catch range is between zero and ninety-nine code words. If the received code word 23, starting from the start word, lies outside the catch range, but within an extended catch range (post-synchronization range), a control pulse 20 is then only sent to the control sent if the code word received immediately thereafter is the code word expected according to the Education Act. In the present application example, the post-synchronization range is between a hundred and a thousand code words. If a control pulse 20 is triggered, the received code word 23 is stored as the start word together with the transmitter identifier 22 in the reception memory 18.

Das übertragene Signal 3 (Fig. 3) besteht aus Bits der Senderkennung 22 und aus Bits des Codeworts 23. Die Senderkennung 22 bleibt bei einem einmal initialisierten Schlüssel gleich und ist im Sendespeicher 12 gespeichert. Die Größe des Codewortvorrats hängt von der Anzahl der Bits des Codeworts 23 ab. Bei einem Codewort 23 mit beispielsweise Vierundsechzig Bit ergibt sich ein Codewortvorrat von 2 hoch 64 verschiedenen Codeworten für den Wechselcode. Das Codewort 23 wird nach jeder Tastenbetätigung im Sender durch das Bildungsgesetz ausgehend vom direkt Vorhergehenden Codewort verändert. Es wird als Startwort im Empfänger 4 gespeichert, sobald ein Steuerimpuls 20 ausgelöst worden ist. Als Codewort 23 können das Urcodewort, das Startcodewort oder das Wechselcodewort übertragen werden.The transmitted signal 3 (FIG. 3) consists of bits of the transmitter identifier 22 and of bits of the code word 23. The transmitter identifier 22 remains the same when the key has been initialized and is stored in the transmitter memory 12. The size of the code word stock depends on the number of bits of code word 23. In the case of a code word 23 with, for example, sixty-four bits, there is a code word stock of 2 to 64 different code words for the change code. The code word 23 is changed every time a button is pressed in the transmitter by the Education Act based on the immediately preceding code word. It is stored as a start word in the receiver 4 as soon as a control pulse 20 has been triggered. The master code word, the start code word or the change code word can be transmitted as code word 23.

Die Anzahl der möglichen Senderkennungen 22 (Schlüsselnummer) ist beispielsweise vierzehn und die der zugelassenen Schlüssel vier. Die Schlüsselnummern können so codiert sein, daß sie sich untereinander durch zwei Bits unterscheiden. Damit wird weitgehend ausgeschlossen, daß durch einen Bitfehler bei der Übertragung des Signals 3 im Empfänger 4 der Wechselcode eines anderen Schlüssels zum Vergleich herangezogen wird. Bei der Initialisierung des ersten Schlüssels wird als Schlüsselnummer z.B. die Zahl "11" zufallsgeneriert und vom Empfänger 4 akzeptiert und quittiert. Die Initialisierung des zweiten Schlüssels ergibt zufallsgeneriert die Schlüsselnummer "6". Diese wird auch akzeptiert und quittiert. Bei der Initialisierung des dritten Schlüssels ergibt sich zufallsgeneriert die Schlüsselnummer "11". Diese wird vom Empfänger 4 nicht akzeptiert, da sie schon für einen anderen Schlüssel vergeben ist. Eine zwingend notwendige Wiederholung der Initialisierung ergibt nun die Schlüsselnummer "2", die vom Empfänger 4 akzeptiert und quittiert wird. Je mehr Schlüsselnummern zur Auswahl stehen und je kleiner die Anzahl der zugelassenen Schlüssel ist, desto unwahrscheinlicher ist es, daß die Initialisierung wegen einer Doppelvergabe der Schlüsselnummer wiederholt werden muß.The number of possible transmitter identifiers 22 (key number) is, for example, fourteen and that of the permitted keys is four. The key numbers can be coded so that they differ from one another by two bits. This largely precludes the fact that, due to a bit error in the transmission of signal 3 in receiver 4, the alternating code of another key is used for comparison. When the first key is initialized, the number "11", for example, is randomly generated as the key number and accepted and acknowledged by the receiver 4. The initialization of the second key results in the key number "6" generated at random. This is also accepted and acknowledged. When the third key is initialized, the key number "11" is generated randomly. This is not accepted by the recipient 4 because it has already been assigned to another key. An absolutely necessary repetition of the initialization now results in the key number "2", which is accepted and acknowledged by the receiver 4. The more key numbers to choose from and the smaller the number of permitted keys, the less likely it is that the initialization will have to be repeated because the key number has been assigned twice.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann auf die spezielle Codierung der Schlüsselnummer verzichtet werden. Stattdessen wird im Sender 2 ein Prüfbyte erzeugt und im Signal 3 übertragen. Der Empfänger 4 vergleicht das empfangene Signal 3 mit dem zu erwartenden Signal, in dem im Empfänger auch ein Prüfbyte erzeugt worden sind. Besteht beispielsweise ein zu übertragendes Wechselcodewort aus drei Bytes mit den Hexadezimalzahlen "03", "02" und "04". Das Prüfbyte wird nun durch Bildung der Quersumme der drei Wechselcodebytes erzeugt und ergibt die Hexadezimalzahl "09". Im Codewort 23 werden die vier Bytes zum Empfänger 4 übertragen. Im Empfänger 4 werden die drei Bytes des erwarteten Wechselcodeworts sowie deren Quersumme berechnet. Bei Übereinstimmung der Wechselcodebytes oder der Quersumme wird das empfangene Codewort 23 als gültig angenommen. Durch den Vergleich kann somit festgestellt werden, ob ein Übertragungsfehler vorliegt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the special coding of the key number can be dispensed with. Instead, a test byte is generated in transmitter 2 and transmitted in signal 3. The receiver 4 compares the received signal 3 with the signal to be expected, in which a test byte has also been generated in the receiver. For example, an alternate code word to be transmitted consists of three bytes with the hexadecimal numbers "03", "02" and "04". The test byte is now generated by forming the checksum of the three change code bytes and results in the hexadecimal number "09". The four bytes are transmitted to the receiver 4 in the code word 23. The three bytes of the expected change code word and their checksum are calculated in receiver 4. If the change code bytes or the checksum match, the received code word 23 is assumed to be valid. The comparison can thus be used to determine whether there is a transmission error.

Der in der obigen Beschreibung benutzte Begriff "Sender" ist hinsichtlich seines Aufbaus und seiner Funktion identisch mit dem Begriff "Schlüssel". Der Begriff "Code" bedeutet hier eine Vorschrift, die die Eigenschaften einer Menge von "Codeworten" festlegt.The term "transmitter" used in the above description is identical in terms of its structure and function to the term "key". The term "code" here means a regulation that defines the properties of a set of "code words".

Claims (10)

  1. Central locking installation for a motor vehicle (1), having a controller and a remote actuating device, which installation is provided with at least one transmitter (2), operating as a key, and one receiver (4), operating as a lock,
    - in which, by means of the transmitter (2), on actuation for the purpose of closing or opening the door locks, on the one hand a code word (23) which causes the opening or closing process is transmitted, and on the other hand a transmitter recognition signal (22) is transmitted, and whereupon a control pulse (20) is transmitted by the receiver (4) to the controller, and
    - in which the receiver (4) contains a coding device, by means of which a transmitter allocation is made by means of the transmitter recognition signal (22),
    characterized in that
    - the transmitter (2) contains a random number generator (10), by means of which the transmitter recognition signal (22) is produced during a legitimate initialization, and a transmitter store (12), in which the transmitter recognition signal is stored,
    - the transmitter recognition signal (22) is transmitted together with a code word (23) in a signal (3) from the transmitter (2) to the receiver (4), and
    - the receiver (4) contains a receiver control circuit (17) in which the transmitter recognition signal (22) is compared, during initialization, with transmitter recognition signals that are already stored, and is stored as a legitimate transmitter recognition signal in a receiver store (18) if it is not already so stored.
  2. Central locking installation according to Claim 1, characterized in that an acknowledgement signal is emitted by the receiver control circuit (17) to an indicating element (19) if the transmitter recognition signal (22) transmitted by the transmitter (2) is not yet stored in the receiver store (18).
  3. Central looking installation according to Claim 2, characterized in that the transmitter recognition signal (22) differs in at least two bits from the transmitter recognition signal of another transmitter (2).
  4. Central locking installation according to Claim 2, characterized in that test bits are transmitted in the signal (3) from the transmitter (2), using which the receiver (4) can identify whether a transmission error has occurred.
  5. Central locking installation according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the transmitter (2) contains a transmitter control circuit (11) in which an origin code word is produced with the aid of at least one random word, during initialization, the random word being produced in the random number generator (10) on actuation of a transmitter control element (6).
  6. Central locking installation according to Claim 5, characterized in that a predetermined formation law is modified by the transmitter control circuit (11) during initialization, with the aid of the origin code word, the origin code word determining initial conditions for a changing code, and the formation law defining a sequence for the code words from a stock of words.
  7. Central locking installation according to Claim 6, characterized in that the transmitter (2) contains a clock generator (7), using which a clock is predetermined by means of an indicating element (9) for the actuation of a transmitter control element (6) during initialization.
  8. Central locking installation according to Claim 7, characterized in that the signals (3) transmitted during initialization are transmitted at a reduced transmitting power.
  9. Central locking installation according to Claim 8, characterized in that a control pulse (20) is produced in the receiver (4) when the received code word is within a number of code words of a stock of words (catchment range) which follow a starting word in sequence.
  10. Central locking installation according to Claim 9, characterized in that a control pulse (20) is produced in the receiver (4) when the received code word is outside the catchment range but within a relatively large number of code words (resynchronization range) which follow the starting word in sequence, and at least one subsequently received code word is the direct successor according to the sequence of the stock of words.
EP91907011A 1990-04-06 1991-04-05 Central locking installation for a motor vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0523117B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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EP90106583 1990-04-06
EP90106583 1990-04-06
PCT/EP1991/000652 WO1991015644A1 (en) 1990-04-06 1991-04-05 Central locking installation for a motor vehicle

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EP0523117A1 EP0523117A1 (en) 1993-01-20
EP0523117B1 true EP0523117B1 (en) 1994-08-24

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EP (1) EP0523117B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3145112B2 (en)
AU (1) AU7661091A (en)
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WO1991015644A1 (en) 1991-10-17
DE59102653D1 (en) 1994-09-29
JP3145112B2 (en) 2001-03-12
US5508692A (en) 1996-04-16
EP0523117A1 (en) 1993-01-20
JPH05505916A (en) 1993-08-26
AU7661091A (en) 1991-10-30

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