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  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/1641—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aliphatic monomers
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
  • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
  • C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
  • C10L1/2387—Polyoxyalkyleneamines (poly)oxyalkylene amines and derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
  • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
  • C10L1/306—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond) organo Pb compounds

Definitions

• This invention relates to a motor fuel additive composition and a method of preparing such an
• this invention relates to a motor fuel additive composition
• a motor fuel additive composition comprising:
• a detergent component selected from the group consisting of (i) at least one nonionic compound having a molecular weight in the range of 200-1500, (ii) a reaction product component which is the
• reaction product of a substituted hydrocarbon and an amino compound (iii) a polybutylamine or
• This invention also relates to a method of preparing a motor fuel additive which comprises mixing the above-described reaction product and fuel conditioner components.
• first generation additives directed primarily to cleaning carburetors and injectors include low molecular weight amine derivatives such as fatty amines, amides, amido amines and imidazolines.
• second generation additives directed to cleaning inlet valves as well as carburetors and injectors, have been based primarily on polyolefinic structures, typically polyisobutenes and their derivatives.
• Petroleum based oils useful in this respect include naphthenic and paraffinic base stock oils of relatively high viscosity, including so-called Solvent Neutral Oils such as SNO-500 and SNO-600, as well as so-called top cylinder oils and the like.
• Synthetic oils which have been employed include low molecular weight
• polypropylenes and polyisobutylenes, as well as polyalkyleneoxides are examples of polypropylenes and polyisobutylenes, as well as polyalkyleneoxides.
• an additive in motor fuel compositions which reduces deposits in engine fuel intake systems and also avoids the formation of deposits in engine combustion chambers, thereby reducing or at least modifying the composition of deposits which tend to cause engine ORI. It is an object of this invention to provide a motor fuel additive which is useful in preventing both fuel intake system deposit formation and combustion chamber deposit formation. It is a feature of this invention that the additive comprises a detergent component and a fuel conditioner component which synergistically interact to reduce both fuel intake system and
• combustion chamber deposit formation It is an advantage of this invention that it both reduces deposit formation in engine fuel intake systems and ORI associated with combustion chamber deposit
• the motor fuel additive composition of this invention comprises a mixture of:
• X is selected from the group consisting of halogens, succinic anhydride and succinic dibasic acid, and
• R 11 is a polybutyl or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n- butene and R 12 and R 13 are identical or different and are each hydrogen, an aliphatic or aromatic
• hydrocarbon a primary or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic aminoalkylene radical or polyaminoalkylene radical, a polyoxyalkylene radical or a hetaryl or heterocyclyl radical, or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring in which further hetero atoms may be present;
• a fuel conditioner component comprising:
• the fuel conditioner component may additionally comprise a hydrophilic separant such as a glycol monoether, and an aromatic hydrocarbon such as xylene or a xylene.
• a hydrophilic separant such as a glycol monoether
• an aromatic hydrocarbon such as xylene or a xylene.
• This invention is also directed to a method of preparing the motor fuel additive of this invention, which comprises mixing the detergent and fuel
• the motor fuel additive of this invention is advantageous in that the detergent and fuel conditioner components synergistically interact when employed in a fuel composition to reduce both fuel intake system deposit formation, thereby improving engine performance, and combustion chamber deposit formation, thereby reducing engine ORI.
• Figure 1 depicts the results of engine test stand experiments for various motor fuel compositions, including motor fuel compositions containing the additive of this invention.
• FIG 2 depicts the results of the engine test stand experiments set forth in Figure 1 for various motor fuel compositions, including motor fuel
• the additive comprises: (a) a detergent component which is selected from the group consisting of (i) at least one nonionic compound having a molecular weight in the range of 200-1500, (ii) the reaction product of a substituted hydrocarbon and an amino compound, (iii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising a polar
• oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent.
• the nonionic compound detergent component if employed, is preferably an alkylaryl ether alcohol or alkylaryl polyether alcohol having a molecular weight in the range of 200-1500.
• the nonionic detergent compound is an octylphenyl polyether alcohol or nonylphenyl polyether alcohol containing 1-10 ethylene oxide moieties. If the reaction product detergent component is employed, the substituted hydrocarbon reactant used to prepare the reaction product is of the formula
• R 1 - X (I) wherein R, is a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of 150-10,000, preferably a polyalkylene radical having a molecular weight in the range of 400-5000 , most preferably a polyalkylene radical having a molecular weight in the range of 600-1500, and X is selected from the group consisting of halogens, preferably chlorine, succinic anhydride and succinic dibasic acid.
• R is a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of 150-10,000, preferably a polyalkylene radical having a molecular weight in the range of 400-5000 , most preferably a polyalkylene radical having a molecular weight in the range of 600-1500
• X is selected from the group consisting of halogens, preferably chlorine, succinic anhydride and succinic dibasic acid.
• R 1 -X is a polyisobutenyl succinic
• R 1 -X is a chloropolyisobutylene.
• the amino compound reactant used to prepared the reaction product is of the formula
• amino compound reactant of formula (II) are given in Table 1 below:
• R 2 is the above-described homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of formula (III).
• the terms homopolymeric and heteropolymeric refer to
• polyoxyalkylene compounds which in the case of homopolymeric compounds contain one recurring
• heteropolymeric compounds contain more than one recurring polyoxyalkylene moiety, typically having 1-6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO) or butylene oxide (BO).
• EO ethylene oxide
• PO propylene oxide
• BO butylene oxide
• R 2 may be a homopolymeric
• R 2 may be a heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula
• the above- described amino compound reactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene polyamines,
• polypropylene polyamines and mixtures thereof are monoalkylated.
• the reaction product component is preferably prepared by reacting the substituted hydrocarbon R 1 -X to the amino compound in a mole ratio in the range of 0.2:1 - 20:1, more preferably in the range of 0.5:1 - 10:1.
• the reaction product component may be prepared under reaction conditions (including e.g. reaction times, temperatures, and reagent proportions) as are well known by those skilled in the art for preparing such amino compound-substituted hydrocarbon reaction products.
• the method for preparing such reaction products is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,892 (LeSeur et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 3,438,757 (Honnen et al.), and U.S. Pat. No. 3,443,918 (Kautsky et al.), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• the detergent compound may also be a
• R 11 is a polybutyl- or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n- butene
• R 12 and R 13 are identical or different and are each hydrogen, an aliphatic or aromatic
• hydrocarbon a primary or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic aminoalkylene radical or polyaminoalkylene radical, a polyoxyalkylene radical or a hetaryl or heterocyclyl radical, or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring in which further hetero atoms may be present.
• the fuel conditioner component employed in admixture with the detergent component to produce the additive of this invention may preferably be the fuel conditioner previously disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
• This fuel conditioner comprises a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent.
• the polar oxygenated hydrocarbon portion of the fuel conditioner signifies various organic mixtures arising from the controlled oxidation of petroleum liquids with air. Often these air oxidations of liquid distillates are carried out at a temperature of from about 100°C to about 150°C with an organo- metallic catalyst, such as esters of manganese, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel or tin, or organic catalysts, such as tertiary butyl peroxide.
• organo- metallic catalyst such as esters of manganese, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel or tin
• organic catalysts such as tertiary butyl peroxide.
• the result is a melange of polar oxygenated compounds which may be divided into at least three categories: volatile, saponifiable and non-saponifiable.
• the polar oxygenated compounds preferable for use in the present invention may be characterized in a least three ways, by molecular weight, acid number, and saponification number. Chemically these oxidation products are mixtures of acids, hydroxy acids,
• lactones lactones, esters, ketones, alcohols, anhydrides, and other oxygenated organic compounds.
• Those suitable for the present invention are compounds and mixtures with an average molecular weight between about 250 and 500, with an acid number between about 25 and about 125 (ASTM-D-974), and a saponification number from about 30 to about 250 (ASTM-D-974-52).
• the polar oxygenated compounds of the present invention have an acid number from about 50 to about 100 and a saponification number from about 75 to about 200.
• An example of a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon within this preferred range is ALOX 400L (Alox Corporation,
• Suitable compatibilizing agents for use in the fuel conditioner component of the instant invention are organic compounds of moderate solubility parameter and moderate to strong hydrogen-bonding capacity.
• Solubility parameters, ⁇ , based on cohesive energy density are a fundamental descriptor of an organic solvent giving a measure of its polarity. Simple aliphatic molecules of low polarity have a low ⁇ of about 7.3; highly polar water has a high ⁇ of 23.4. Solubility parameters, however, are just a first approximation to the polarity of an organic solvent. Also important to generalized polarity, and hence solvent power, are dipole moment and hydrogen-bonding capacity. Symmetrical carbon tetrachloride and some aromatics with low gross dipole moment and poor hydrogen-bonding capacity have a solubility parameter of about 8.5. In contrast, methyl propyl ketone has almost the same solubility parameter, 8.7, but quite strong hydrogen-bonding capacity and a definite dipole moment. Thus, no one figure of merit describes the "polarity" of an organic solvent.
• a compatibilizing agent should have a solubility
• Suitable classes of organic solvents are alcohols, ketones, esters, and ethers.
• Preferred compatibilizing agents are
• preferred compounds for compatibilizing agents are the hexanols, the heptanols, the octanols, the nonyl alcohols, the decanols, and the dodecanols.
• the fuel conditioner component of this invention may additionally include a hydrophilic separant which decreases the amount of water in the hydrocarbon fuel, thus improving combustion.
• Suitable separants for practicing the current invention are ethers of glycols or polyglycols, especially monoethers. Monoethers are preferred over diethers in the practice of the present invention.
• Examples of such compounds which may be used are the monoethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, alphabutylene glycol, 1,3- butanediol, beta-butylene glycol, isobutylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,5- pentanediol, 2-methyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2- ethyl-1,3-hexanediol.
• Some monoethers include
• ethylene glycol monophenyl ether ethylene glycol monomethylether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-(n-butyl) ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-(n-butyl) ether,
• propylene glycol monomethyl ether dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol
• Such compounds are sold commercially under trade names such as Butyl CELLOSOLVE, Ethyl CELLOSOLVE, Hexyl CELLOSOLVE, Methyl CARBITOL, Butyl CARBITOL, DOWANOL Glycol ethers, and the like.
• Any aromatic hydrocarbon blend that is liquid at room temperature is suitable.
• these are benzene, toluene, the three xylenes, trimethylbenzene, durene, ethylbenzene, cumene, biphenyl, dibenzyl and the like or their mixtures.
• the preferred aromatic constituent is a commercial mixture of the three xylenes, because it is cheaper than any pure xylene. As used in this
• xylene means not only the three specific xylene compounds o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene, but also includes aromatic "cuts” or distillates of aromatic hydrocarbons containing not only xylene but benzene, toluene, durene and naphthalene which may be mixed in the xylene. Aromatic naphthas are also useful.
• composition of this invention may be any composition of this invention.
• a carrier oil or fluidizer selected from the group consisting of petroleum-based oils, mineral oils, polypropylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of 500-3000, polyisobutylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of 500-3000, polyoxyalkylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of 500-3000, and polybutyl and polyisobutyl alcohols containing polybutyl or polyisobutyl radicals derived from polyisobutene and up to 20% by weight of n- butene, corresponding carboxylates of the polybutyl or polyisobutyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
• a carrier oil or fluidizer selected from the group consisting of petroleum-based oils, mineral oils, polypropylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of 500-3000, polyisobutylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of 500-3000, polyoxyalkylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of 500-3000, and polybuty
• Petroleum based oils which may be employed include top cylinder oils as well as both natural and synthetic napthenic and paraffinic base stock oils of relatively high viscosity, including so-called Solvent Neutral Oils (SNO) such as SNO-500 and SNO-600.
• Mineral oils which may be employed include so-called "light” mineral oils, i.e. those petroleum, aliphatic or alicyclic fractions having a viscosity less than 10,000 SUS at 25°C. A mixture of hydrocarbon fractions may also be employed in place of a base stock.
• the above- described polybutyl and polyisobutyl alcohols include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,210 (Franz et al.), incorporated herein by reference.
• carrier oil and “fluidizer” are interchangeable, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.
• the additive composition of this invention may be employed in a wide variety of hydrocarbon or modified hydrocarbon (e.g. alcohol-containing) fuels for a variety of engines.
• Preferred motor fuel compositions for use with the additive composition of this invention may be employed in a wide variety of hydrocarbon or modified hydrocarbon (e.g. alcohol-containing) fuels for a variety of engines.
• Preferred motor fuel compositions for use with the additive composition of this invention may be employed in a wide variety of hydrocarbon or modified hydrocarbon (e.g. alcohol-containing) fuels for a variety of engines.
• compositions generally referred to as gasoline base stocks, preferably comprise a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range, preferably from about 90-450°F.
• This base fuel may consist of
• the base fuel may be derived from, among others, straight run naptha, polymer gasoline, natural gasoline, or from catalytically cracked or thermally cracked hydrocarbons and catalytically reformed stock.
• the fuel may also contain synthetic hydrocarbons, ethers such as methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) and the like, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, TBA and the like, and other functional organic compounds such as ketones, esters and the like.
• MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether
• ETBE ethyl tertiary butyl ether
• alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, TBA and the like
• other functional organic compounds such as ketones, esters and the like.
• the composition and octane level of the base fuel are not critical and any conventional motor base fuel may be employed in the practice of this invention.
• the motor fuel composition may additionally comprise other additives typically employed in motor fuels, such as anti-knock compounds (e.g. tetraethyl lead), anti- icing additives, upper cylinder lubricating oils, carburetor detergents, anti-corrosion additives, de- emulsifying agents, odor suppressors, and the like.
• Additive A 250 ppm of a polybutene succinimide type additive*** + 500 ppm SNO 600.
• Example 1 The identical test performed in Example 1 was run, except that each vehicle used an unleaded base fuel containing 500 ppm of the fuel conditioner
• Example 1 The identical test performed in Example 1 was run, except that each vehicle used an unleaded base fuel containing its respective additive (A or B) as in Example 2 plus 500 ppm of the fuel conditioner
• composition of this invention when employed in a motor fuel composition, reduces both inlet valve deposits and combustion chamber deposits, and hence tends to reduce engine ORI.
• the combination of the detergent and fuel conditioner components in the additive composition of this invention synergistically acts to reduce both intake valve deposit formation and combustion chamber deposit formation.
• Example 2 The identical test performed in Example 1 was run, except that each vehicle used an unleaded base fuel containing its respective additive (A or B) as in Example 2 plus 300 pm and 100 ppm, respectively, of the DurAlt fuel conditioner. The following results were obtained:
• Example 1 The identical test performed in Example 1 was run for Car #2, except that Car #2 used an unleaded base fuel having additive package B plus 500 ppm of a commercial fuel additive as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,548,616 (Sung et al.), the additive being a poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene) polyol.
• a commercial fuel additive as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,548,616 (Sung et al.), the additive being a poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene) polyol.
• Such additives are available from BASF Wyandotte Corp. under the PLURONIC series trade name. The following results were obtained:
• PLURONIC L-31 a product of BASF Wyandotte Corp., is a poly (oxyethylene)-poly (oxypropylene)-poly (oxyethylene) polyol having a molecular weight of about 950 containing about 10 wt. % derived from poly (oxyethylene) and about 90% derived from poly (oxypropylene).
• the above results show that a combination of additive package B plus poly (oxyethylene) poly
• an additive composition of this invention namely an additive composition comprising additive B as set forth in Example 2 (i.e. 350 ppm polybutene amino type additive and 600 ppm top cylinder oil) + 500 ppm of DurAlt FC.
• additive B as set forth in Example 2
• DurAlt FC 500 ppm of DurAlt FC
• the engine was prepared for testing by first being disassembled.
• the intake valves were then cleaned with gum solvent consisting of a mixture of 1/3 acetone, 1/3 toluene, and 1/3 methanol to remove any lube oil on the valves.
• the valves were then stored in a desiccator for at least one hour, and thereafter weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg, just prior to engine assembly.
• the combustion chambers and ports were cleaned with a suitable wire brush, as were the tops of the pistons.
• the clean cylinder heads were reassembled and installed onto the engine, and the remainder of the engine was reassembled.
• the oil and oil filter were replaced prior to testing.
• the fuel composition to be tested was prepared and poured into the fuel tank. The engine was started and allowed to idle for 30 second to warm up.
• the engine was then allowed to run under a 1500 watt load for two hours. At the end of the two hour period, the generator load, coolant in/out temperature, oil temperature, exhaust temperature for cylinders 1 and 2, and manifold vacuum were recorded. The engine was then run for an additional two hour period under a 2500 watt load. At the end of this two hour period, the above-described data were again recorded. The above-described four hour test run procedure was repeated (with intervening refueling) for 16 hours of engine running per day, for five consecutive, days. for a total of 80 hours of engine running. At the end of the 80 hour period, the generator fuel tank was drained and added to the remaining fuel mix for the run. The total volume of fuel remaining was measured to calculate the amount of fuel used during the 80 hour run.
• the engine was disassembled , including removal of the cylinder head, cam shaft, and rocker arm assembly.
• the amount of deposits on the intake system consisting of the carburetor throttle plate, intake manifold, head runners, head ports, and intake valves were rated using the method described by Coordinating Research Council (CRC) Rating Manual No. 16, Atlanta, Ga. 1987 (“CRC Rating"), which is well known to those skilled in the art.
• CRC Rating Coordinating Research Council
• the combustion chamber and piston tops were similarly rated using the CRC Rating system.
• the sequence for rating, valve weighing, and photographing was as follows: the piston tops, cylinder head, combustion chamber, head runners, intake manifold, and throttle plate were all initially rated, and
• valves were then put back into the desiccator for an additional 0.5 hour and reweighted, this process was repeated until valve weighings were within 0.5 mg.
• the valve was then cleaned with gum solvent and wire brush, and stored in a desiccator until ready for final weighing.
• the engine was thereafter reassembled with a new set of intake valves, and the engine runs were repeated.
• a base fuel composition obtained from the Sun Refining and Marketing Company was used in all of the following examples.
• the analysis of the base fuel composition was as follows:
• combustion chamber is rated from 1-10, with “1” being very “dirty” (i.e. very heavy deposits) and “10" being completely free of deposits. It is well known to those skilled in the art that reduction of combustion chamber deposits (i.e. high CRC Rating Number) can have a significant positive effect on ORI of vehicles as well as reduced amounts of exhaust emissions.
• a variety of fuel compositions, including fuel compositions containing the additive composition of this invention were tested using the above-described procedure in the Hyundai generator engines in order to obtain intake valve deposit measurements and
• carrier oil used was 250 mg of 1:1 blend of SNO-600 oil and synthetic oil.
• Fuel conditioner component was 100mg/l fuel polar oxygenated hydrocarbon plus 40ppm compatibilizer (hexanol).
• Fuels Nos. I-VII were rated in terms of the amount of intake valve deposits (in mg) and for combustion chamber (CRC) rating, as summarized in Figure 1.
• Figure 2 which plots the data set forth in Figure 1, Fuel Nos. Ill, V, and VII (i.e. the fuel compositions comprising the additive of this invention) exhibited superior properties both in terms of combustion chamber rating (i.e. high CRC rating) and reduction of intake valve deposits (i.e. low value of mg of deposits on intake valves).
• combustion chamber rating i.e. high CRC rating
• reduction of intake valve deposits i.e. low value of mg of deposits on intake valves.

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• 1991
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