EP0514249B1 - Method for manufacture of a tube bundle heat-exchanger - Google Patents

Method for manufacture of a tube bundle heat-exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0514249B1
EP0514249B1 EP92401284A EP92401284A EP0514249B1 EP 0514249 B1 EP0514249 B1 EP 0514249B1 EP 92401284 A EP92401284 A EP 92401284A EP 92401284 A EP92401284 A EP 92401284A EP 0514249 B1 EP0514249 B1 EP 0514249B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
tube
end portion
transverse cross
cross
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92401284A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0514249A1 (en
Inventor
Gilbert Lelievre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
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Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
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Publication of EP0514249A1 publication Critical patent/EP0514249A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/165—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using additional preformed parts, e.g. sleeves, gaskets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49373—Tube joint and tube plate structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49391—Tube making or reforming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger of the type comprising a bundle formed by a multiplicity of parallel tubes, arranged in at least one row and in which each tube has a body terminated by an end received in a hole. a collecting plate.
  • a process is known from FR-A-2 235 345.
  • the aforementioned collector plate also called “hole plate” is part of a water box which is mounted at one end of the bundle, the other end of which is most often fitted with a similar water box.
  • Such heat exchangers are used in particular in motor vehicles with an internal combustion engine to constitute either an engine cooling radiator or a cabin heating radiator.
  • the tubes of the bundle are then traversed by a cooling fluid, generally brine, which circulates in a closed circuit and which is cooled by heat exchange with air passing through the bundle of the exchanger.
  • a cooling fluid generally brine
  • the bundle tubes have a circular cross section, both at their body and at their end.
  • tubes are also used, the body of which has a non-circular cross section which, for simplicity, can be called "oval section”.
  • It is generally an elliptical or related section, or even a flattened section bounded by two edges rectilinear parallels connected to each other by two semi-circular edges.
  • the end of the tube most often has a cross section of shape different from that of the body of the tube.
  • the latter is generally less oblong than that of the body of the tube, or even circular, and this to avoid possible deformation of this end.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • an object of the invention to provide a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger of the type defined above in which the center distance of the tubes can be optimized within the same row or, where applicable if necessary, from one row to another, while keeping a sufficient material bridge between the holes in the collector plate.
  • the invention provides for this purpose a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger of the type defined in the introduction, in which the cross section of the end of each tube has a perimeter less than the perimeter of the cross section of the body of the tube.
  • the collector plate may have holes whose perimeter - and therefore the cross section - are smaller than in the prior art. This makes it possible to reduce the centers of the holes and therefore the tubes, within the same row and, if necessary, from one row to another if the heat exchanger comprises several rows of tubes.
  • each tube is deformed by repelling material, so that the perimeter of its cross section is less than the perimeter of the cross section of the body of the tube.
  • This deformation is obtained by force-fitting the tube, in its longitudinal direction, through an embossing tool comprising a passage having a cross section of determined shape and provided with an enlarged inlet with conical edge.
  • the deformation of the end of the tube is done by successive introductions into several embossing tools, such that the passage of the first tool has a cross section of perimeter greater than the perimeter of the cross section of the second tool and so on , to ensure progressive deformation of the end of the tube.
  • the invention thus applies to heat exchangers of the "monorang” type comprising a single row of tubes and to heat exchangers of the "multirang” type comprising several rows of tubes.
  • the body of the tube can have a cross section of circular shape and the end of the tube also a cross section of circular shape, but of smaller diameter.
  • the body of the tube has a cross section of oval shape, as defined above, and the end of the tube then has either a cross section of oval shape, or a cross section of circular shape.
  • the end of the tube is connected to the body of the tube by a deformed part constituting, at least partially, a bulge or bead for retaining the collector plate.
  • the end of the tube comprises, beyond the collector plate, a flare for retaining the collector plate.
  • the heat exchanger shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a bundle formed by a multiplicity of tubes 10, of respective axes XX parallel which, in the example, are arranged in two rows. Two adjacent tubes of the same row have a front center distance E F ( Figure 2) and a center distance of row E R ( Figure 1).
  • the tubes 10 of the bundle have respective bodies 12 which pass through a multiplicity of parallel fins 14 and respective ends 16 received respectively in holes 18 of a collector plate 20.
  • This collecting plate also called a "hole plate”
  • the collector plate 20 comprises a core 22, of generally rectangular shape, through which are arranged two rows of holes 18 which, in the example, have a circular shape.
  • the holes 18 have, within the same row, a center distance E F and, from one row to another, a center distance E R.
  • Each hole 18 of the collector plate 20 is surrounded by a collar 24 directed towards the side of the fins 14.
  • the core 22 is surrounded by a folded edge 26 defining a peripheral groove of generally rectangular outline, the edge 26 being crenellated to provide tabs folding 28.
  • the heat exchanger further comprises a seal 30 of compressible material comprising a core 32 of generally rectangular shape suitable for pressing against the core 22 of the collector plate 20.
  • the core 32 has two rows of holes , each bordered by a collar 34 capable of being compressed between the end 16 of a tube 12 and a collar 24 of the collector plate 20.
  • the core 32 of the joint 30 is bordered by a peripheral bead 36, of general outline rectangular, suitable for being housed in the peripheral groove delimited by the edge 26 of the collector plate.
  • the heat exchanger further comprises a wall 38 of a water box having an open face delimited by a peripheral rim 40, of generally rectangular outline. The latter is intended to ensure the compression of the bead 36 of the seal 30 when the tabs 28 of the collector plate are folded as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the body 12 of each tube 10 has a cross section S1, of elliptical shape, having a given perimeter P1.
  • each tube 10 has a cross section S2 of circular shape having a perimeter P2 which is less than the perimeter P1 of the cross section S1.
  • the perimeter P2 of the cross section S2 of the end of the tube was equal to or greater than the perimeter P1 of the cross section S1 of the body of the tube.
  • the invention makes it possible to reduce the value of the centers E F and E R , while maintaining a bridge of sufficient material between two adjacent holes of the collector plate.
  • the end 16 is connected to the body 12 by a deformed part 42 representing a transition zone.
  • This deformed part has, according to the cross section of FIG. 1, a shape which narrows from the body 12 to the end 16.
  • the deformed portion 42 forms a bulge 44 which contributes to the maintenance of the collector plate on the respective ends of the tubes. It will be understood that the bulge 44 extends partially over the periphery of the deformed part 42.
  • each tube comprises, beyond the collector plate, a flare 46 produced, in a manner known per se, after introduction of the ends of the tubes into the corresponding holes of the collector plate.
  • the collector plate is thus perfectly maintained on each tube of the bundle, on one side by the bulge 44 and, on the other side, by the flare 46.
  • the tubes may have similar ends fixed to a collecting plate of another water box.
  • these latter ends can be connected two by two by U-bends.
  • a bundle is first produced from a set of tubes, the respective bodies of which are engaged through a plurality of fins, and this in a manner known per se.
  • the respective ends of the tubes initially have the same cross section as their respective body, that is to say an oval cross section.
  • a punch 48 having a cylindrical body 50 of circular section terminated by a tip 52 of generally frustoconical shape.
  • the end 16 having initially an elliptical cross section S1, of perimeter P1 is thus deformed by the punch 48, so as to have a cross section circular having an internal diameter D1 whose perimeter is equal to or greater than the perimeter P1 of the cross section SI.
  • the end 16 resulting from the previous operation is deformed by means of an embossing tool 54 (FIG. 4) comprising a cylindrical passage 56 having a circular internal section of diameter D2 such that D2 is less than D1 .
  • the passage 56 leads to an enlarged entry 58, with a conical edge.
  • a third operation (FIG. 5), the end 16 resulting from the previous operation is introduced into an embossing tool 60 analogous to the tool 54.
  • the tool 60 has an embossing passage 62 of cylindrical shape, having a circular cross section of diameter D3, such that D3 is less than D2.
  • the passage 62 leads to an enlarged entry 64 with a conical edge.
  • one or more other similar tools can be used to further reduce the cross-section of the end of the tube.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 are each carried out preferably simultaneously on all of the tubes of the bundle.
  • Figure 3 preferably using a single tool having as many punches as tubes whose ends are to be deformed.
  • the embossing tools advantageously comprise as many embossing passages as there are tubes in the bundle to be treated.
  • the invention applies to heat exchangers comprising one or more rows of parallel tubes.
  • the ends of the tubes could be subjected to the holes of the collector plate by any other known technique, for example by crimping, gluing or expansion.

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur du type comportant un faisceau formé d'une multiplicité de tubes parallèles, disposés suivant au moins une rangée et dans lequel chaque tube possède un corps terminé par une extrémité reçue dans un trou d'une plaque collectrice. Un tel procédé est connu du FR-A-2 235 345.The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger of the type comprising a bundle formed by a multiplicity of parallel tubes, arranged in at least one row and in which each tube has a body terminated by an end received in a hole. a collecting plate. Such a process is known from FR-A-2 235 345.

Elle concerne également un échangeur de chaleur obtenu par le procédé susmentionné.It also relates to a heat exchanger obtained by the above-mentioned process.

La plaque collectrice précitée, encore appelée "plaque à trous", fait partie d'une boîte à eau qui est montée à une extrémité du faisceau, dont l'autre extrémité est le plus souvent équipée d'une boîte à eau semblable.The aforementioned collector plate, also called "hole plate", is part of a water box which is mounted at one end of the bundle, the other end of which is most often fitted with a similar water box.

De tels échangeurs de chaleur sont utilisés notamment dans les véhicules automobiles à moteur à combustion interne pour constituer soit un radiateur de refroidissement du moteur, soit un radiateur de chauffage de l'habitacle.Such heat exchangers are used in particular in motor vehicles with an internal combustion engine to constitute either an engine cooling radiator or a cabin heating radiator.

Les tubes du faisceau sont alors parcourus par un fluide de refroidissement, généralement de l'eau glycolée, qui circule en circuit fermé et qui est refroidie par échange thermique avec de l'air traversant le faisceau de l'échangeur.The tubes of the bundle are then traversed by a cooling fluid, generally brine, which circulates in a closed circuit and which is cooled by heat exchange with air passing through the bundle of the exchanger.

De manière classique, les tubes du faisceau ont une section transversale circulaire, tant au niveau de leur corps que de leur extrémité.Conventionally, the bundle tubes have a circular cross section, both at their body and at their end.

Toutefois, pour optimiser les performances des échangeurs de chaleur de ce type, on utilise aussi des tubes dont le corps possède une section transversale non circulaire qui, pour simplifier, peut être appelée "section ovale".However, to optimize the performance of heat exchangers of this type, tubes are also used, the body of which has a non-circular cross section which, for simplicity, can be called "oval section".

Il s'agit généralement d'une section de forme elliptique ou apparentée, voire une section aplatie limitée par deux bords parallèles rectilignes reliés entre eux par deux bords semi-circulaires.It is generally an elliptical or related section, or even a flattened section bounded by two edges rectilinear parallels connected to each other by two semi-circular edges.

Dans ce cas, l'extrémité du tube possède, le plus souvent, une section transversale de forme différente de celle du corps du tube. Cette dernière est généralement moins oblongue que celle du corps du tube, voire circulaire, et cela pour éviter une éventuelle déformation de cette extrémité.In this case, the end of the tube most often has a cross section of shape different from that of the body of the tube. The latter is generally less oblong than that of the body of the tube, or even circular, and this to avoid possible deformation of this end.

En effet, comme l'étanchéité entre l'extrémité du tube et la plaque collectrice est généralement assurée par un joint d'étanchéité comprimé entre ladite extrémité et un collet qui entoure le trou correspondant, la pression exercée par le joint risquerait d'aplatir et de déformer cette extrémité, si cette dernière présentait une forme trop oblongue.In fact, since the seal between the end of the tube and the collector plate is generally ensured by a compressed seal between said end and a collar which surrounds the corresponding hole, the pressure exerted by the seal would risk flattening and to deform this end, if the latter had a too oblong shape.

Quelle que soit la forme des tubes utilisés, et quel que soit le type de plaque collectrice utilisée, il faut que cette dernière comporte un minimum de matière, donc un entraxe minimal, entre deux trous adjacents, au sein d'une même rangée ou d'une rangée à l'autre. Ceci est destiné à conférer une résistance mécanique suffisante à la plaque collectrice et à permettre, le cas échéant, la réalisation d'un collet autour de chaque trou de la plaque collectrice.Whatever the shape of the tubes used, and whatever the type of collector plate used, it must have a minimum of material, therefore a minimum spacing, between two adjacent holes, within the same row or d 'one row to another. This is intended to impart sufficient mechanical strength to the collector plate and to allow, if necessary, the production of a collar around each hole in the collector plate.

Dans ces conditions, il est difficile d'optimiser les entraxes des tubes et cela compte tenu des contraintes dimensionnelles propres à la réalisation de l'échangeur de chaleur, et en particulier de sa plaque collectrice.Under these conditions, it is difficult to optimize the centers of the tubes and this taking into account the dimensional constraints specific to the production of the heat exchanger, and in particular of its collector plate.

L'invention a notamment pour but de surmonter les inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus.The object of the invention is in particular to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above.

C'est, en particulier, un but de l'invention de procurer un procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur du type défini précédemment dans lequel on peut optimiser l'entraxe des tubes au sein d'une même rangée ou, le cas échéant, d'une rangée à l'autre, tout en conservant un pont de matière suffisant entre les trous de la plaque collectrice.It is, in particular, an object of the invention to provide a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger of the type defined above in which the center distance of the tubes can be optimized within the same row or, where applicable if necessary, from one row to another, while keeping a sufficient material bridge between the holes in the collector plate.

L'invention propose à cet effet un procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur du type défini en introduction, dans lequel la section transversale de l'extrémité de chaque tube possède un périmètre inférieur au périmètre de la section transversale du corps du tube.The invention provides for this purpose a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger of the type defined in the introduction, in which the cross section of the end of each tube has a perimeter less than the perimeter of the cross section of the body of the tube.

Il en résulte que la plaque collectrice peut comporter des trous dont le périmètre -et donc la section transversale- sont plus faibles que dans l'art antérieur. Ceci permet de diminuer les entraxes des trous et donc des tubes, au sein d'une même rangée et, le cas échéant, d'une rangée à l'autre si l'échangeur de chaleur comporte plusieurs rangées de tubes.As a result, the collector plate may have holes whose perimeter - and therefore the cross section - are smaller than in the prior art. This makes it possible to reduce the centers of the holes and therefore the tubes, within the same row and, if necessary, from one row to another if the heat exchanger comprises several rows of tubes.

On peut ainsi obtenir des échangeurs de chaleur plus compacts que dans l'art antérieur, tout en ayant les mêmes performances.It is thus possible to obtain more compact heat exchangers than in the prior art, while having the same performance.

Selon l'invention, on déforme l'extrémité de chaque tube par repoussage de matière, de sorte que le périmètre de sa section transversale soit inférieur au périmètre de la section transversale du corps du tube. Cette déformation est obtenue par introduction en force du tube, dans sa direction longitudinale, au travers d'un outil de repoussage comportant un passage ayant une section transversale de forme déterminée et munie d'une entrée élargie à bord conique.According to the invention, the end of each tube is deformed by repelling material, so that the perimeter of its cross section is less than the perimeter of the cross section of the body of the tube. This deformation is obtained by force-fitting the tube, in its longitudinal direction, through an embossing tool comprising a passage having a cross section of determined shape and provided with an enlarged inlet with conical edge.

Dans certains cas, la déformation de l'extrémité du tube se fait par introductions successives dans plusieurs outils de repoussage, tels que le passage du premier outil possède une section transversale de périmètre supérieur au périmètre de la section transversale du second outil et ainsi de suite, pour assurer une déformation progressive de l'extrémité du tube.In some cases, the deformation of the end of the tube is done by successive introductions into several embossing tools, such that the passage of the first tool has a cross section of perimeter greater than the perimeter of the cross section of the second tool and so on , to ensure progressive deformation of the end of the tube.

L'invention s'applique ainsi à des échangeurs de chaleur du type "monorang" comportant une seule rangée de tubes et à des échangeurs de chaleur du type "multirang" comportant plusieurs rangées de tubes.The invention thus applies to heat exchangers of the "monorang" type comprising a single row of tubes and to heat exchangers of the "multirang" type comprising several rows of tubes.

Selon l'invention, le corps du tube peut avoir une section transversale de forme circulaire et l'extrémité du tube également une section transversale de forme circulaire, mais de diamètre plus faible.According to the invention, the body of the tube can have a cross section of circular shape and the end of the tube also a cross section of circular shape, but of smaller diameter.

De préférence, le corps du tube a une section transversale de forme ovale, comme défini précédemment, et l'extrémité du tube présente alors soit une section transversale de forme ovale, soit une section transversale de forme circulaire.Preferably, the body of the tube has a cross section of oval shape, as defined above, and the end of the tube then has either a cross section of oval shape, or a cross section of circular shape.

Avantageusement, l'extrémité du tube est raccordée au corps du tube par une partie déformée constituant, au moins partiellement, un renflement ou bourrelet pour la retenue de la plaque collectrice.Advantageously, the end of the tube is connected to the body of the tube by a deformed part constituting, at least partially, a bulge or bead for retaining the collector plate.

De préférence, l'extrémité du tube comporte, au-delà de la plaque collectrice, un évasement pour la retenue de la plaque collectrice.Preferably, the end of the tube comprises, beyond the collector plate, a flare for retaining the collector plate.

Dans ces conditions, cette dernière se trouve immobilisée sur chaque tube du faisceau, d'un côté par le renflement précité et, de l'autre côté, par l'évasement précité.Under these conditions, the latter is immobilized on each tube of the bundle, on one side by the aforementioned bulge and, on the other side, by the aforementioned flare.

Dans la description qui suit, donnée seulement à titre d'exemple, on se réfère au dessin annexé, sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une vue partielle en coupe transversale d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue partielle en coupe suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 1 ; et
  • les figures 3, 4 et 5 montrent l'extrémité d'un tube de l'échangeur de chaleur des figures 1 et 2, au cours de trois phases successives du procédé de fabrication.
In the description which follows, given only by way of example, reference is made to the appended drawing, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a partial sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1; and
  • Figures 3, 4 and 5 show the end of a tube of the heat exchanger of Figures 1 and 2, during three successive phases of the manufacturing process.

L'échangeur de chaleur représenté aux figures 1 et 2 comprend un faisceau formé d'une multiplicité de tubes 10, d'axes respectifs XX parallèles qui, dans l'exemple, sont disposés suivant deux rangées. Deux tubes adjacents d'une même rangée ont un entraxe frontal EF (figure 2) et un entraxe de rang ER (figure 1).The heat exchanger shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a bundle formed by a multiplicity of tubes 10, of respective axes XX parallel which, in the example, are arranged in two rows. Two adjacent tubes of the same row have a front center distance E F (Figure 2) and a center distance of row E R (Figure 1).

Les tubes 10 du faisceau ont des corps respectifs 12 qui traversent une multiplicité d'ailettes parallèles 14 et des extrémités respectives 16 reçues respectivement dans des trous 18 d'une plaque collectrice 20.The tubes 10 of the bundle have respective bodies 12 which pass through a multiplicity of parallel fins 14 and respective ends 16 received respectively in holes 18 of a collector plate 20.

Cette plaque collectrice, encore appelée "plaque à trous", est constituée d'une plaque métallique de forme générale rectangulaire qui est emboutie et découpée. La plaque collectrice 20 comprend une âme 22, de forme générale rectangulaire, au travers de laquelle sont ménagées deux rangées de trous 18 qui, dans l'exemple, ont une forme circulaire. Les trous 18 ont, au sein d'une même rangée, un entraxe EF et, d'une rangée à l'autre, un entraxe ER.This collecting plate, also called a "hole plate", consists of a metal plate of generally rectangular shape which is stamped and cut. The collector plate 20 comprises a core 22, of generally rectangular shape, through which are arranged two rows of holes 18 which, in the example, have a circular shape. The holes 18 have, within the same row, a center distance E F and, from one row to another, a center distance E R.

Chaque trou 18 de la plaque collectrice 20 est entouré par un collet 24 dirigé du côté des ailettes 14. L'âme 22 est entourée par un bord replié 26 définissant une gorge périphérique de contour général rectangulaire, le bord 26 étant crénelé pour fournir des pattes repliables 28.Each hole 18 of the collector plate 20 is surrounded by a collar 24 directed towards the side of the fins 14. The core 22 is surrounded by a folded edge 26 defining a peripheral groove of generally rectangular outline, the edge 26 being crenellated to provide tabs folding 28.

L'échangeur de chaleur comprend en outre un joint d'étanchéité 30 en matériau compressible comportant une âme 32 de forme générale rectangulaire propre à s'appliquer contre l'âme 22 de la plaque collectrice 20. L'âme 32 comporte deux rangées de trous, chacun bordé par un collet 34 susceptible d'être comprimé entre l'extrémité 16 d'un tube 12 et un collet 24 de la plaque collectrice 20. L'âme 32 du joint 30 est bordée par un bourrelet périphérique 36, de contour général rectangulaire, propre à être logé dans la gorge périphérique délimitée par le bord 26 de la plaque collectrice.The heat exchanger further comprises a seal 30 of compressible material comprising a core 32 of generally rectangular shape suitable for pressing against the core 22 of the collector plate 20. The core 32 has two rows of holes , each bordered by a collar 34 capable of being compressed between the end 16 of a tube 12 and a collar 24 of the collector plate 20. The core 32 of the joint 30 is bordered by a peripheral bead 36, of general outline rectangular, suitable for being housed in the peripheral groove delimited by the edge 26 of the collector plate.

L'échangeur de chaleur comprend en outre une paroi 38 de boîte à eau possédant une face ouverte délimitée par un rebord périphérique 40, de contour général rectangulaire. Ce dernier est destiné à assurer la compression du bourrelet 36 du joint d'étanchéité 30 lorsque les pattes 28 de la plaque collectrice sont repliées comme montré à la figure 1.The heat exchanger further comprises a wall 38 of a water box having an open face delimited by a peripheral rim 40, of generally rectangular outline. The latter is intended to ensure the compression of the bead 36 of the seal 30 when the tabs 28 of the collector plate are folded as shown in FIG. 1.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation, le corps 12 de chaque tube 10 possède une section transversale S1, de forme elliptique, ayant un périmètre P1 donné.In the embodiment, the body 12 of each tube 10 has a cross section S1, of elliptical shape, having a given perimeter P1.

L'extrémité 16 de chaque tube 10 possède une section transversale S2 de forme circulaire possédant un périmètre P2 qui est inférieur au périmètre P1 de la section transversale S1.The end 16 of each tube 10 has a cross section S2 of circular shape having a perimeter P2 which is less than the perimeter P1 of the cross section S1.

Au contraire, dans la technique antérieure, le périmètre P2 de la section transversale S2 de l'extrémité du tube était égal ou supérieur au périmètre P1 de la section transversale S1 du corps du tube.In contrast, in the prior art, the perimeter P2 of the cross section S2 of the end of the tube was equal to or greater than the perimeter P1 of the cross section S1 of the body of the tube.

Il en résulte que, en utilisant, des tubes dont le corps a une section transversale de forme déterminée, l'invention permet de diminuer la valeur des entraxes EF et ER, tout en conservant un pont de matière suffisant entre deux trous adjacents de la plaque collectrice.It follows that, by using tubes whose body has a cross section of determined shape, the invention makes it possible to reduce the value of the centers E F and E R , while maintaining a bridge of sufficient material between two adjacent holes of the collector plate.

On peut ainsi réaliser des échangeurs de chaleur plus compacts tout en bénéficiant d'une résistance mécanique suffisante de la plaque collectrice.It is thus possible to produce more compact heat exchangers while benefiting from sufficient mechanical strength of the collector plate.

L'extrémité 16 est raccordée au corps 12 par une partie déformée 42 représentant une zone de transition. Cette partie déformée affecte, suivant la coupe transversale de la figure 1, une forme qui se rétrécit depuis le corps 12 jusqu'à l'extrémité 16.The end 16 is connected to the body 12 by a deformed part 42 representing a transition zone. This deformed part has, according to the cross section of FIG. 1, a shape which narrows from the body 12 to the end 16.

Par contre, dans la vue en coupe de la figure 2, la partie déformée 42 forme un renflement 44 qui contribue au maintien de la plaque collectrice sur les extrémités respectives des tubes. On comprendra que le renflement 44 s'étend partiellement sur la périphérie de la partie déformée 42.By cons, in the sectional view of Figure 2, the deformed portion 42 forms a bulge 44 which contributes to the maintenance of the collector plate on the respective ends of the tubes. It will be understood that the bulge 44 extends partially over the periphery of the deformed part 42.

Comme montré aux figures 1 et 2, l'extrémité 16 de chaque tube comporte, au-delà de la plaque collectrice, un évasement 46 réalisé, d'une manière en soi connue, après introduction des extrémités des tubes dans les trous correspondants de la plaque collectrice.As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the end 16 of each tube comprises, beyond the collector plate, a flare 46 produced, in a manner known per se, after introduction of the ends of the tubes into the corresponding holes of the collector plate.

Par conséquent, la plaque collectrice se trouve ainsi parfaitement maintenue sur chaque tube du faisceau, d'un côté par le renflement 44 et, de l'autre côté, par l'évasement 46.Consequently, the collector plate is thus perfectly maintained on each tube of the bundle, on one side by the bulge 44 and, on the other side, by the flare 46.

A l'autre extrémité du faisceau, les tubes peuvent comporter des extrémités analogues fixées à une plaque collectrice d'une autre boîte à eau. En variante, ces dernières extrémités peuvent être reliées deux à deux par des coudes en U.At the other end of the bundle, the tubes may have similar ends fixed to a collecting plate of another water box. As a variant, these latter ends can be connected two by two by U-bends.

Pour fabriquer un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention, on réalise d'abord un faisceau à partir d'un ensemble de tubes dont les corps respectifs sont engagés à travers une pluralité d'ailettes, et cela d'une manière en soi connue.To manufacture a heat exchanger according to the invention, a bundle is first produced from a set of tubes, the respective bodies of which are engaged through a plurality of fins, and this in a manner known per se.

Dans l'exemple décrit ici, les extrémités respectives des tubes ont initialement la même section transversale que leur corps respectif, c'est-à-dire une section transversale ovale.In the example described here, the respective ends of the tubes initially have the same cross section as their respective body, that is to say an oval cross section.

Dans une première opération (figure 3), on introduit dans chaque extrémité 16, et suivant la direction axiale XX du tube 10, un poinçon 48 possédant un corps cylindrique 50 à section circulaire terminée par une pointe 52 de forme générale tronconique.In a first operation (Figure 3), is introduced into each end 16, and in the axial direction XX of the tube 10, a punch 48 having a cylindrical body 50 of circular section terminated by a tip 52 of generally frustoconical shape.

L'extrémité 16 ayant initialement une section transversale S1, de forme elliptique, de périmètre P1 est ainsi déformée par le poinçon 48, de manière à présenter une section transversale circulaire ayant un diamètre interne D1 dont le périmètre est égal ou supérieur au périmètre P1 de la section transversale SI.The end 16 having initially an elliptical cross section S1, of perimeter P1 is thus deformed by the punch 48, so as to have a cross section circular having an internal diameter D1 whose perimeter is equal to or greater than the perimeter P1 of the cross section SI.

Dans une deuxième opération, on déforme l'extrémité 16 résultant de l'opération précédente au moyen d'un outil de repoussage 54 (figure 4) comportant un passage cylindrique 56 ayant une section interne circulaire de diamètre D2 tel que D2 est inférieur à D1. Le passage 56 débouche sur une entrée 58 élargie, à bord conique. Ainsi, en introduisant en force l'extrémité 16 du tube 10 dans le passage 56 de l'outil 54, on repousse progressivement la matière de l'extrémité du tube, ce qui permet de diminuer le diamètre de cette extrémité et de former en même temps le bourrelet 44 décrit précédemment.In a second operation, the end 16 resulting from the previous operation is deformed by means of an embossing tool 54 (FIG. 4) comprising a cylindrical passage 56 having a circular internal section of diameter D2 such that D2 is less than D1 . The passage 56 leads to an enlarged entry 58, with a conical edge. Thus, by forcibly introducing the end 16 of the tube 10 into the passage 56 of the tool 54, the material is gradually pushed back from the end of the tube, which makes it possible to reduce the diameter of this end and to form at the same time time the bead 44 described above.

Dans une troisième opération (figure 5), on introduit l'extrémité 16 résultant de l'opération précédente dans un outil de repoussage 60 analogue à l'outil 54. L'outil 60 possède un passage de repoussage 62 de forme cylindrique, ayant une section transversale circulaire de diamètre D3, tel que D3 est inférieur à D2. Le passage 62 débouche sur une entrée élargie 64 à bord conique. Ainsi, au cours de cette troisième opération, le diamètre de l'extrémité 16 du tube est encore diminué et le renflement 44 accentué davantage.In a third operation (FIG. 5), the end 16 resulting from the previous operation is introduced into an embossing tool 60 analogous to the tool 54. The tool 60 has an embossing passage 62 of cylindrical shape, having a circular cross section of diameter D3, such that D3 is less than D2. The passage 62 leads to an enlarged entry 64 with a conical edge. Thus, during this third operation, the diameter of the end 16 of the tube is further reduced and the bulge 44 further accentuated.

Si nécessaire, on peut utiliser encore un ou plusieurs autres outils analogues pour réduire davantage la section transversale de l'extrémité du tube.If necessary, one or more other similar tools can be used to further reduce the cross-section of the end of the tube.

Les opérations définies aux figures 3 à 5 s'effectuent chacune de préférence simultanément sur l'ensemble des tubes du faisceau. Ainsi, pour l'opération de la figure 3, on utilise de préférence un seul outil comportant autant de poinçons que de tubes dont les extrémités sont à déformer.The operations defined in FIGS. 3 to 5 are each carried out preferably simultaneously on all of the tubes of the bundle. Thus, for the operation of Figure 3, preferably using a single tool having as many punches as tubes whose ends are to be deformed.

De façon correspondante, les outils de repoussage comportent avantageusement autant de passages de repoussage que de tubes dans le faisceau à traiter.Correspondingly, the embossing tools advantageously comprise as many embossing passages as there are tubes in the bundle to be treated.

Comme déjà indiqué, l'invention s'applique à des échangeurs de chaleur comportant une ou plusieurs rangées de tubes parallèles.As already indicated, the invention applies to heat exchangers comprising one or more rows of parallel tubes.

Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en référence particulière à un échangeur de chaleur dont les tubes ont un corps de section transversale ovale et une extrémité de section transversale circulaire, elle s'applique à d'autres types de tubes, par exemple à des tubes dont le corps a une section ovale et l'extrémité une section ovale ou encore à des tubes dont le corps a une section circulaire et l'extrémité également une section circulaire.Although the invention has been described with specific reference to a heat exchanger, the tubes of which have an oval cross-section body and a circular cross-section end, it applies to other types of tubes, for example to tubes whose body has an oval section and the end an oval section or even tubes whose body has a circular section and the end also a circular section.

En outre, bien que l'invention ait été décrite en référence particulière à un échangeur de chaleur dans lequel les extrémités des tubes sont engagées dans une plaque collectrice munie de collets et avec interposition d'un joint d'étanchéité, elle s'applique également à d'autres types de plaques collectrices.In addition, although the invention has been described with particular reference to a heat exchanger in which the ends of the tubes are engaged in a collecting plate provided with collars and with the interposition of a seal, it also applies to other types of collector plates.

Ainsi, les extrémités des tubes pourraient être assujetties aux trous de la plaque collectrice par toute autre technique connue, par exemple par sertissage, collage ou dudgeonnage.Thus, the ends of the tubes could be subjected to the holes of the collector plate by any other known technique, for example by crimping, gluing or expansion.

Claims (8)

  1. A method of making a heat exchanger which includes a bundle comprising a multiplicity of parallel tubes (10), disposed in at least one row and in which each tube (10) has a body (12) terminated by an end portion (16), which is received in a hole (18) of a header plate (20), characterised in that:
    - in a first operation, a swaging tool (48), having a body portion (50) of cylindrical cross section, is introduced into each end portion (16) along the axial direction (XX) of the tube (10), the end portion (16) being then deformed by the swaging tool (48) in such a way as to have a cylindrical transverse cross section, the perimeter of which is equal to or greater than the perimeter of the transverse cross section (S1) of the body of the tube (10);
    - in a second operation, the end portion (16) resulting from the preceding operation is deformed by means of a reforming tool (54) having a bore (56) with a cylindrical internal cross section smaller than the transverse cross section of the end portion (16), which enables the cross section of the said end portion to be reduced;
    - in a third operation, the end portion (16) resulting from the preceding operation is introduced into a reforming tool (60) similar to the tool (54), the tool (60) having a reforming bore (62) which has a cylindrical transverse form smaller than the cylindrical transverse cross section of the tool (54), the cross section of the end portion (16) of the tube being further reduced.
  2. A method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the end portion (16) of the tube (10) is deformed by being introduced successively into a plurality of reforming tools (54; 60), which are such that the bore (56) of the first tool (54) has a transverse cross section the perimeter of which is greater than the perimeter of the transverse cross section of the bore (62) of the second tool (60), and so on.
  3. A heat exchanger made by the method according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the transverse cross section (S2) of the end portion (16) of the tube has a perimeter (P2) smaller than the perimeter (P1) of the transverse cross section (S1) of the body (12) of the tube.
  4. A heat exchanger according to Claim 3, characterised in that the body (12) of the tube (10) has a transverse cross section (S1) of circular form, and in that the end portion (16) of the tube (10) has a transverse cross section (S2) which is also of circular form.
  5. A heat exchanger according to Claim 3, characterised in that the body (12) of the tube (10) has a transverse cross section (S1) of oval form, and in that the end portion (16) of the tube (10) has a transverse cross section (S2) of oval form.
  6. A heat exchanger according to Claim 3, characterised in that the body (12) of the tube (10) has a transverse cross section (S1) of oval form, and in that the end portion (16) of the tube (10) has a circular transverse cross section (S2).
  7. A heat exchanger according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterised in that the end portion (16) of the tube (10) is joined to the body (12) of the tube (10) through a deformed portion (42) which at least partially defines a bulge (44) for retention of the header plate (20).
  8. A heat exchanger according to one of Claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the end portion (16) of the tube (10) has, beyond the header plate (20), an expanded portion (46) for retention of the header plate (20).
EP92401284A 1991-05-14 1992-05-12 Method for manufacture of a tube bundle heat-exchanger Expired - Lifetime EP0514249B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9105826A FR2676534B1 (en) 1991-05-14 1991-05-14 TUBE BEAM HEAT EXCHANGER, PARTICULARLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE, AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF.
FR9105826 1991-05-14

Publications (2)

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EP0514249A1 EP0514249A1 (en) 1992-11-19
EP0514249B1 true EP0514249B1 (en) 1995-07-12

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EP92401284A Expired - Lifetime EP0514249B1 (en) 1991-05-14 1992-05-12 Method for manufacture of a tube bundle heat-exchanger

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US (1) US5214848A (en)
EP (1) EP0514249B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06235594A (en)
DE (1) DE69203388T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2075643T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2676534B1 (en)
MX (1) MX9202223A (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH06235594A (en) 1994-08-23
DE69203388T2 (en) 1995-12-21
FR2676534A1 (en) 1992-11-20
US5214848A (en) 1993-06-01
EP0514249A1 (en) 1992-11-19
MX9202223A (en) 1992-11-01
DE69203388D1 (en) 1995-08-17
ES2075643T3 (en) 1995-10-01
FR2676534B1 (en) 1999-02-12

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