EP0512047A1 - Emballage pour produits alimentaires avec systeme d'ouverture utilisant une corde de dechirure - Google Patents
Emballage pour produits alimentaires avec systeme d'ouverture utilisant une corde de dechirureInfo
- Publication number
- EP0512047A1 EP0512047A1 EP91903765A EP91903765A EP0512047A1 EP 0512047 A1 EP0512047 A1 EP 0512047A1 EP 91903765 A EP91903765 A EP 91903765A EP 91903765 A EP91903765 A EP 91903765A EP 0512047 A1 EP0512047 A1 EP 0512047A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- food
- package
- food product
- receptacle
- laminate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G21/00—Table-ware
- A47G21/001—Holders or wrappers as eating aids for fast food, e.g. hamburgers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/52—Details
- B65D75/58—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture
- B65D75/66—Inserted or applied tearing-strings or like flexible elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
- B32B2307/7246—Water vapor barrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/70—Food packaging
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to packaging for food and specifically to an easily opened food package for fast food and like food service applications.
- the sandwiches served in fast food restaurants are typically sold in one of two primary types of packaging.
- One of these widely used packaging materials is a sheet of a waxed or coated paper or a paper and foil laminate that is wrapped and folded around the sandwich to cover it. If wrapped and folded tightly enough, this kind of sandwich packaging will be somewhat effective in keeping the sandwich at an appropriate serving temperature. Even when it is very tightly wrapped, this type of packaging tends to come open more easily than it 'should and, therefore, does not have the insulation value it should. To obtain access to the sandwich if the sheet is tightly wrapped, the consumer must unwrap and unfold the sheet, which usually requires two hands.
- the consumer wishes to use the wrapping to protect his or her hands or clothing from drips or spills the wrapping must be refolded around the sandwich so that it covers only the portion of the sandwich held in the hands. Such maneuvers cannot be performed easily in a stopped or in a moving vehicle.
- the other type of food packaging most commonly used for fast food sandwiches is a rigid paperboard or foam "clam shell” type container that has a lid hinged and temporarily secured to a food-receiving bottom portion.
- This type of food packaging usually may be opened easily with one hand to provide access to the sandwich -inside and does not always remain completely closed.
- this packaging cannot be used to enclose only that part of the sandwich held by the consumer's hand to provide protection from drips, food residues and the like while the sandwich is being eaten.
- a paperboard clam shell container moreover, provides little or ho insulation for the food.
- U.S. Patent Nos. 4,638,911 to Prohaska and 4,589,553 to Ferrero disclose flexible food packages which completely enclose the food products packaged therein and can be torn to open them so that a portion of the package can be left around the food. Neither of these packages, however, are particularly suitable for use in packaging food products at a fast food restaurant. Neither provides the kind of insulation or moisture barrier desired for the fast food trade. In addition, both require more complicated wrapping and sealing procedures than could be easily performed in a fast food restaurant environment.
- the packaging of Patent No. 4,638,911 moreover, is stated to be useful primarily for foods having a long storage life, while the packaging of Patent No. 4,563,553 has a configuration that limits it to foods that have a substantially rectangular shape, such as the piece of cake shown and described in connection with the packaging.
- U.S. Patent No. 2,360,597 to Topolski discloses an easily opened flexible package for food products that includes a perforated tear strip that is pulled to open the package and provide access to the food packaged therein.
- This particular package which is disclosed to be made of cellophane or the like an ⁇ to be useful primarily for packaging delicatessen products, is not especially suitable for fast food packaging applications. It does not provide adequate insulation for the food inside, and the food cannot be packaged and sealed easily by fast food restaurant personnel.
- the prior art fails to disclose flexible packaging for food products that may be easily applied to sandwiches and the like in a typical fast food restaurant environment which remains sealed to keep the food at proper serving temperature until opened by the consumer, and which may be opened easily by the consumer to provide access to at least a portion of the food while providing a covering for another portion of the food to protect the consu ⁇ er from drips, spills and the like.
- a flexible packaging material suitable for contacting food products including a pliable sheet, preferably formed of a laminate that includes at least one moisture impervious layer.
- the sheet is formed into a receptacle sized to completely enclose a desired food product , such as , for example , a fast food hamburger , when sealed .
- Sealing may be achieved by suitable adhesives and the like .
- a tear strip is secured to the sheet and allows the packaging to be easily opened by the consumer simply by pulling the free end of tear strip, which tears open the sealed receptacle . After it is opened, the remaining portion of the receptacle may form a pouch which encases a portion of the food product so that the consumer can hold the food by the pouch while eating it, thereby protecting his fingers .
- Figure 1 is a front perspec tive view of one embodiment of the food packaging of the present invention ;
- Figure 2 is a top perspective view of the embodiment of the good packaging shown in Figure 1 containing a food product ;
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1 ;
- Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of one type of laminate sheet that may be used to form the food packaging of the present invention ;
- Figure 5 is a top view of a second embodiment of the present invention showing the packaging partially opened by the tear strip;
- Figure 6 is a back perspective view of the Figure 5 embodiment of the food packaging of the present invention prior to the insertion of a food product;
- Figure 7 shows the food package of the present invention opened to form a pouch held by a consumer of the food product .
- the food packaging material of the present invention is especially well-suited for packaging many of the kinds of foods served at fast food restaurants.
- Foods that have been cooked and are intended to be served hot can be packaged effectively according to the present invention. Sandwiches, in particular, will remain warm and retain their moisture for a much longer time than when packaged in the food packaging currently used by fast food restaurants.
- the present packaging stays sealed, but is easily opened by the consumer and also provides a convenient protective wrapper by which the consumer can hold the sandwich or other food product while keeping his hands clean. Because the packaging of the present invention stays sealed, the food packaged therein can be subjected to rougher handling than conventionally packaged fast food. As a result, food items packaged according to the present invention may be distributed and served by methods and under circumstances that would cause conventional food packaging to open and spill the food product or subject it to environmental contamination.
- the food packaging of the present invention can take a variety of forms, depending upon the particular food product to be packaged.
- the drawings illustrate two packaging embodiments; however, these are intended to be illustrative and not limiting.
- the present packaging in its most basic form is made from a flexible, pliable sheet with insulating properties that includes a rip cord or tear strip attached in a manner that will tear the sheet when the cord is pulled.
- the sheet is cut to size and partially sealed to form a pouch or receptacle for a food product. After the food product is inserted into the receptacle, the receptacle is sealed to form a package that completely encases the - 1 -
- the rip cord is then pulled by the consumer to tear open the package and remove the food.
- Figure 1 illustrates, in front perspective view, one embodiment of a food package made in accordance with the present invention.
- the flexible sheet material which will be described in more detail below in connection with Figure 4, is shown formed into a bag 10 with "pinch pleated" side walls 12 and 13.
- One end 14 of the bag is folded at 16 in the direction of arrow F over a suitable length of cord 18 and then sealed to permanently close and secure end 14.
- Figure 1 shows end 14 partially folded prior to being sealed on the top surface 20 of the bag.
- the rip cord is attached to the bag 10 at the fold 16. At least a portion of the length, and preferably most of the length, of the cord must be secured to the bag 10 or it is likely to come loose from the fold 16 and drop off.
- the cord will also function better as a tear strip if it is securely fastened to the bag along the fold 16 prior to sealing end 14 in place.
- Figure 2 illustrates the bag 10 with end 14 folded and sealed to close this end. Although end 14 is shown folded in the direction of arrow F and sealed on the top surface 20 of the bag, it could be sealed in the opposite direction. In this instance, cord 18 would also be attached to the other side of the bag.
- Figure 2 also illustrates the bag 10 filled with a food product rather than empty, as in Figure 1. End 22 has been sealed to produce a sealing zone 24. The sealing of this end is performed by restaurant or food service personnel once the food product has been placed in the bag. The sealing of end 14 preferably would be done before the bag 10 is provided to the fast food or other food service outlet.
- the sealing of ends 14 and 22 can be accomplished with any one of a number of types of adhesives suitable - 8 -
- the present food packaging would he supplied to the fast food restaurant or other outlet as a partially sealed food • receptacle such as in the form shown in Figure 1.
- the bag 10 is preferable provided in sizes suitable for packaging a variety of different size food products. A bag of a suitable size is selected, and the appropriately sized food product (not shown) is placed inside by food service personnel. The open end 22 of the bag is then sealed to produce a completely closed and sealed food package, such as that shown in Figure 2.
- the sealing zone 24 preferably extends completely across the end of the bag 10 and is wide enough to tightly and securely fasten the bag top and bottom walls together.
- the same sealing materials and methods, i.e., cold seal, pressure sensitive and hot melt adhesives, used to seal end 14 can also be used to seal end 22.
- the bag is formed of a material that includes a plastic, such as polyethylene, that can be heated and melted to cause the bottom and top walls to adhere together, the end 22 of the bag 10 can be sealed by any one of a number of available heat seal devices.
- the sheet Prior to forming the flexible sheet into a receptacle such as bag 10, the sheet may be printed with designs and identifying indicia, such as those shown at 26 in Figures 1 and 2. This preferably includes instructions 28 in the vicinity of the tear strip or rip cord 18 to direct the consumer how to open the completely sealed food package containing the food product.
- air preferably warm air if the food product is hot, may be added to the bag to inflate it slightly. .
- the food product and air are then sealed in the bag as described above. The air cushions the food to keep it from being crushed and also provides some insulation to keep the food at a proper serving temperature until the bag is opened.
- the bag 10 is opened by grasping either one of the ends 30,32 of the rip cord 18 and pulling it toward the other end. Since the cord is secured to the bag material along most of its length, the bag will tear open as the cord is pulled. The cord, therefore, must be formed of a material which is strong enough to tear the bag material open without breaking the cord.
- a fine strinq having a weight and tensile strength similar to that of dental floss is one preferred type of cord material. However, there are other materials that will also function well for tills purpose.
- Figure 3 illustrates, in cross-section taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2, the placement of the cord 18 in the fold 16 of bag 10. It can be clearly seen in Figure 3 that the cord 18 will be required to tear through several layers of bag material, particularly at the outer corners 34 i d 36 lioie Ihe matorial is folded to form the pinch pleated side walls 12 and 1 . This is accomplished more easily when the cord IB is firmly secured at the fold 16.
- FIG. 4 illustrates one type of laminate found to be especially effective in forming an easily sealed insulating package according to the present invention.
- the laminate 40 shown in Figure 4 is a three layer laminate that includes a central layer 42 of polyethylene, one outer layer 44 of a tissue, and a second outer layer 46 of paper.
- One preferred laminate of this composition is described in commonly assigned copending patent application Serial No.
- the preferred composition of this three layer laminate includes a central layer 42 of low density polyethylene web, a layer 44 of an absorbent tissue web having a weight of about 10 to 11 pounds, and a layer 46 of a paper web having a weight of about 15 pounds.
- This material can be used to form a superior packaging material that will allow the food to retain heat and moisture until the packaging is opened.
- the tissue web is preferably placed in contact with the food product so that it can absorb food juices and the like.
- n lwo--layer laminate of foil and tissue could be used to produce the food bag 10 of Figures 1 and 2.
- a single layer sheet such as a dry waxed paper, might be used for certain types of food products.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the tear strip or rip cord 50 is attached to the package 52 so that it - 11 -
- the cord 50 is shown located approximately equidistantly between the sealed package ends 56 and 58, although this location may be varied.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the attachment of the cord 50 to the package 52.
- This type of package is made of a single sheet that is sealed along one edge to form a seam 53, which is shown in Figure 6 at one side of the package. The sheet could be folded ' so that the seam 53 is located anywhere on the package, however.
- a suitable length of cord 50 is secured to that side of the sheet that will form the inside of the package 52. The length should be chosen so that one end 51 is loose and extends beyond the seam 53 a sufficient distance to allow a consumer to grasp the cord and pull it.
- the end 58 of the package should be substantially permanently sealed, as at seal zone 55, by heat sealing, cold seal, or pressure sensitive adhesives and the like before the food product 54 is placed in the package 52.
- the open end 56 of the package is similarly sealed, as at seal zone 57, after the warm or hot food product 54 is placed inside to effectively insulate the food.
- cord 50 is shown in Figures 5 and 6 to be attached around the entire circumference of the food package 52, it may also be attached to only a portion of the package circumference. If the cord 50 has been attached around the entire circumference of the package, preferably by firmly securing it to the inside of the packaging material, the tension on the cord produced when the consumer pulls the end 51 of the cord will tear the packaging material completely about the circumference. This action allows a portion of the packaging to be completely separated and removed from the remainder of the package.
- the removal of the top half 60 of the package 52 leaves the bottom half to form the convenient pouch 52 shown in Figure 7a which the consumer can use to cover and hold the hamburger while it is being eaten.
- the pouch 62 protects the consumer's fingers from becoming soiled with food and may also protect the consumer's clothing from drips, spills and the " like.
- the rip cord or tear strip is attached to only a portion of the circumference of the package, the tension on the cord created when the free end is pulled will produce an opening in the package (not shown) through which the food product packaged inside is visible.
- the torn portion of the packaging is not completely separated and removed, but may be folded back to expose the food product and provide additional protection to the consumer as shown in Figure 7b.
- the partially separated portion 60' of the package 52' is folded away from the food product 54'. If the consumer does not consume the entire food product, the partially separated portion 60 ' can be unfolded and wrapped around the food product to protect it for storage.
- the partial attachment of portion 60" to the package 52' produced by securing the rip cord only partially around the package circumference may be more desirable to some users of the present packaging materials because of the potential reduction of litter achieved by this packaging.
- the packaging may be made in a shape other than a rectangle.
- the packaging could be circular to accommodate sandwich rolls such as hamburger buns, English muffins, bagels and the like. If a circular shape is chosen, the rip cord could be located in such different positions as around the circumference of the circle or across the top and/or bottom surfaces of the package. " A triangular shaped package would conveniently hold wedges of pie and the like. As with a circular package, the rip cord or tear strip could be placed in one or more different locations on the packaging.
- the present packaging material will be provided to a fast food restaurant or other food service outlet with the rip cord or tear strip preferably secured firmly in place and in a form that allows the food product to be easily inserted into the packaging and securely sealed by food service personnel. This will allow freshly prepared food to be sealed in packaging while it is hot or warm.
- the insulating properties of the present packaging moreover, keep the food warm and prevent it from drying out, even when it is packaged some time prior to being sold or served.
- the easy-to-open, sealed food packaging material of the present invention will find its primary use in packaging foods sold by fast food restaurants and the like. However, it is also ideally suited for other food service applications.
- the present food packaging could be used by vendors at sporting and other events where food is customarily sold to customers in the stands. The use of this packaging would insure that the "red-hots" were actually hot by the time the vendor - 14 -
- novel fcod packaging described herein will not come open ur. il opened by means of the rip-cord or tear strip by the consumer, it will enable fast food restaurants to use drive-through stations remote from the restaurant building.
- the packaged food can be transported to the remote station by pneumatic tubes and the like since the present packaging so effectively seals the food.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
- Packging For Living Organisms, Food Or Medicinal Products That Are Sensitive To Environmental Conditiond (AREA)
- Bag Frames (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention se rapporte à un matériau d'emballage (40) pour produits alimentaires, qui est utilisable dans diverses applications de présentation de produits alimentaires, y compris dans la restauration rapide. Cet emballage se compose de préférence d'une feuille stratifiée flexible qui contient au moins une couche imperméable à l'humidité (42) et qui a été façonnée en forme de récipient destiné à renfermer hermétiquement des sandwichs de restauration rapide et similaires. Un segment de corde de déchirure (18, 50), fixé à la feuille, comporte au moins une extrémité libre qui peut être saisie et tirée par le consommateur, de façon à déchirer la feuille stratifiée, pour permettre l'ouverture du récipient hermétique renfermant le produit alimentaire. La corde de déchirure peut être fixée de façon à permettre la séparation partielle ou complète d'une partie du récipient par rapport à une partie restante du récipient. La partie séparée du récipient peut être repliée de façon à dégager une ouverture ou elle peut être jetée, et la partie restante du récipient peut être utilisée pour contenir le produit alimentaire et elle se présente alors sous la forme d'un cornet pratique destiné à protéger les mains du consommateur, pendant qu'il tient le produit alimentaire.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US46933890A | 1990-01-24 | 1990-01-24 | |
US469338 | 1995-06-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0512047A1 true EP0512047A1 (fr) | 1992-11-11 |
Family
ID=23863393
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91903765A Withdrawn EP0512047A1 (fr) | 1990-01-24 | 1991-01-22 | Emballage pour produits alimentaires avec systeme d'ouverture utilisant une corde de dechirure |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0512047A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH05505164A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU643639B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2074364A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1991011372A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE469939B (sv) * | 1992-03-03 | 1993-10-11 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Materialbana för tillverkning av förpackningsbehållare med öppningsanordning innefattande en dragremsa |
DE4432413A1 (de) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-03-07 | Hubert Dworan | Verfahren zur Herstellung von biskuitartigem Gebäck |
GB0207953D0 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2002-05-15 | United Biscuits Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the packaging of food products |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1630542A (en) * | 1922-07-10 | 1927-05-31 | Schulz Myrtle | Package wrapping |
US2353746A (en) * | 1940-07-13 | 1944-07-18 | Shellmar Products Co | Packaging process |
GB756199A (en) * | 1953-07-03 | 1956-08-29 | Milprint Inc | Improvements in or relating to the art of packaging |
GB2031849A (en) * | 1978-10-18 | 1980-04-30 | Pfizer | Packaging of hygroscopic particulates |
JPS57206656A (en) * | 1981-06-12 | 1982-12-18 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Preparation of indole compound |
JPS60119396A (ja) * | 1983-11-30 | 1985-06-26 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | ポンプ装置 |
-
1991
- 1991-01-22 WO PCT/US1991/000390 patent/WO1991011372A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-01-22 AU AU72247/91A patent/AU643639B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-01-22 JP JP3503604A patent/JPH05505164A/ja active Pending
- 1991-01-22 EP EP91903765A patent/EP0512047A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-01-22 CA CA002074364A patent/CA2074364A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9111372A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7224791A (en) | 1991-08-21 |
JPH05505164A (ja) | 1993-08-05 |
AU643639B2 (en) | 1993-11-18 |
WO1991011372A1 (fr) | 1991-08-08 |
CA2074364A1 (fr) | 1991-07-25 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19920723 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19930119 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19930602 |