EP0511248B1 - Structure tressee - Google Patents

Structure tressee Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0511248B1
EP0511248B1 EP91902107A EP91902107A EP0511248B1 EP 0511248 B1 EP0511248 B1 EP 0511248B1 EP 91902107 A EP91902107 A EP 91902107A EP 91902107 A EP91902107 A EP 91902107A EP 0511248 B1 EP0511248 B1 EP 0511248B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tracks
layer
braided
intersecting
strands
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91902107A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0511248A1 (fr
Inventor
David Stuart Brookstein
Donald Rose
Robin Dent
John Dent
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Albany International Corp
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Albany International Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB909000815A external-priority patent/GB9000815D0/en
Application filed by Albany International Corp filed Critical Albany International Corp
Publication of EP0511248A1 publication Critical patent/EP0511248A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0511248B1 publication Critical patent/EP0511248B1/fr
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/06—Braid or lace serving particular purposes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C3/00—Braiding or lacing machines
    • D04C3/02—Braiding or lacing machines with spool carriers guided by track plates or by bobbin heads exclusively
    • D04C3/08—Braiding or lacing machines with spool carriers guided by track plates or by bobbin heads exclusively with means for superimposing threads or braids
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C3/00—Braiding or lacing machines
    • D04C3/02—Braiding or lacing machines with spool carriers guided by track plates or by bobbin heads exclusively
    • D04C3/22—Guides or track plates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C3/00—Braiding or lacing machines
    • D04C3/40—Braiding or lacing machines for making tubular braids by circulating strand supplies around braiding centre at equal distances
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs

Definitions

  • This invention is concerned with the production of a braid structure which has a plurality of layers of stranded material which can be laid down in the form of a hollow structure.
  • Multi-layer braided material is made conventionally by forming a first layer of braid and then sequentially forming further layers over the original layer.
  • Braids are currently produced using a "maypole" type of braider where an annular bedplate has a serpentine path formed by a pair of intersecting, serpentine tracks formed in it and movable package carriers adapted to travel along said tracks, each carrier carrying a package of stranded material which material forms the braid crossing the strands thereof from the various package carriers over each other at the intersections in said serpentine paths.
  • the braid can be reinforced by having further "static" strands supplied from static carriers, i.e. carriers which are fixed in their location to the serpentine paths. Such a “static” strand is incorporated within the resultant braid structure to form a longitudinal strand.
  • the braid is usually formed generally centrally of the bedplate and usually on its longitudinal axis.
  • a series of maypole braiders may be set up with a common longitudinal axis and the braid as formed is passed serially through successive braiders so that separate layers are laid down one upon another.
  • such a multilayer braid may be passed the requisite number of times through a single braider to build up the required number of layers.
  • the braid thus formed can have any number of layers depending on the number of maypole braiders employed or the number of passes made as the case may be.
  • Multi-layer braid structures may be formed on a mandrel of a suitable shape, which mandrel can be removed subsequent to the formation of the structure, to result in the formation of a shaped, braid structure.
  • a major problem of multilayer braids of the type described above is the tendency for the resultant braid to delaminate in service.
  • Such braid structures are used in so-called "composites” formed, for example by impregnating such a braid structure with a resin material. While such a composite exhibits good mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and tensile modulus in the plane of the layer, the mechanical properties of the composite transverse to the layer rely only on the shear strength of the matrix material and the braid strength between the matrix and material and the fibre layers since this is all that physically unites adjacent layers in the structure. Thus, when the composites are subjected to transverse loads there is a risk of inter-lamina failure between the layers of the braid.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a multilayer braid structure in which the layers are interbraided and which exhibits substantially uniform or predetermined properties.
  • the invention also sets out to provide an improved form of braid structure which can be used also as a basis for a braided composite which is able to be constructed cheaply and swiftly and thus is economic in its manufacture.
  • a braid structure comprising a plurality of layers of stranded material in which said layers are laid down in a single pass of a braiding machine and in which in each layer at least one strand of that layer extends into a contiguous layer to form an interlock between the said layers.
  • strand is to be understood to include filaments, monofilaments, slit tape, rovings, multifilament yarn, braids or other longitudinal textile products.
  • the interlock between the layers may be a direct interlock in which the interlocking strand passes from a first layer to a contiguous second layer, and passes around at least one strand in said second layer.
  • the interlock between the layers may be an indirect interlock in which an interlocking strand passes from said first layer through the second layer to another, not necessarily contiguous layer in the structure, and passes around a strand in said other layer to serve to bind the first layer and said other layer together and at the same time to bind the second layer therebetween.
  • the braid structure in accordance with the present invention may be hollow and and may be of a circular or of an irregular cross-section.
  • the braid is a collapsed braid.
  • the invention includes a composite material comprising a braid structure in accordance with the invention having a matrix of resin material dispersed and/or distributed within the interstices of the braid.
  • a composite material comprising a braid structure having a plurality of layers of stranded material in which said layers are laid down in a single pass of a braiding machine and in which in each layer at least one strand of that layer extends into a contiguous layer to form an interlock between the said layers, and a matrix material incorporated at least in the interstices of the said braid structure.
  • the strands may comprise a resin compatible with said matrix material.
  • Such strands may be preimpregnated. The preimpregnation may be by coating the strands with a resin layer or coating. Alternatively, the strands may include or comprise the resin material.
  • the braid After formation of the braid, it may, with or without a matrix material be subjected to a treatment in which the resin material component of said strand may permeate the interstices of said braid structure.
  • the matrix material of the braid composite may be either a thermoplastic or a thermosetting resin.
  • the composite after formation may subsequently be subjected to shaping, for example, by the application of heat and pressure in a mould.
  • a method of making a multilayer braid structure comprises supplying groups of strands to a braid forming station whereby each group of strands forms a braid layer thereat in which a strand from one of said groups passes into or through the group of an adjacent layer to form an interlock therebetween.
  • the present invention also provides a method of making a multi-layer braid structure which method comprises:-
  • said second layer may be contiguous to said first layer, whereas in an alternative embodiment of the invention said second layer may be spaced from said first layer and have a number of intermediate layers interposed therebetween. In these circumstances a strand associated with the package carrier moving between the first and the second layer is caused to pass through all the intermediate layers prior to forming a positive interlock with said second layer.
  • Strands of material from "static" package carriers may also be fed to the braid forming area in respect of each layer for interbraiding with the strands from said respective movable package carriers.
  • a mandrel may be positioned at the braid-forming area in order to form a hollow braid structure and the first layer of the braid is then formed on the mandrel and second, and subsequent layers are formed over said first layer.
  • the mandrel which may be of circular or other cross section, may be moved through the braid-forming area as braiding takes place to build up a continuous hollow braid structure.
  • the method also includes the step of laying down all the layers of the multi- layer braid structure in one pass of the braiding machine.
  • the invention further encompasses a method of making a braid structure having a plurality of layers, each layer being constituted by interbraided strands of material with at least one strand of each layer interlocking with strands of another layer and includes, in respect of each layer, the steps of feeding a plurality of strands of material from a plurality of package carriers to a braid-forming area and causing or allowing those strands to be interbraided by moving a respective set of package carriers along a predetermined path in respect of each layer, and feeding strands in respect of each layer to the braid forming area so that the layers are overlaid one on another, wherein the strands fed to the braid forming area for each layer include strands from a plurality of static package carriers, and the strands from the sets of static and movable package carriers for each layer are interbraided by causing or allowing the movable package carriers to traverse a predetermined serpentine path, and each serpentine path is arranged so that at least one movable package
  • said at least one movable package carrier returns the strand to its its originating layer.
  • the serpentine path of the movable package carriers of an intermediate layer may move from said intermediate layer to carry a strand of material from that layer into both contiguous layers and returns to the said intermediate layer to interlock the strands of the intermediate layer with each contiguous layer.
  • a movable package carrier may traverse from one serpentine path to a next adjacent serpentine path to carry a movable strand from a layer associated with the package carrier into layers beyond the immediate contiguous layers and to return the package carrier to the original serpentine path thereby interlocking the layers through which the strand from the movable package carrier has passed.
  • the braid structure may be of hollow form and may be formed over a mandrel, which can be positioned at the braid-forming area. Typically, the mandrel moves through the braid-forming area as braiding takes place to build up a continuous hollow braid structure thereon with all the layers of the braid structure being interlocked.
  • the invention further provides a method of making a braid structure having a plurality of layers of stranded material, each layer being constituted by interbraided strands of material, in which a plurality of strands of material are fed to a braid forming area from a plurality of package carriers and those strands are caused or allowed to be interbraided by moving package carriers along paths therefor arranged on the internal surface therefor of a tubular braiding machine, wherein a plurality of "static" strands of material are fed to the braid-forming area from a first set of static package carriers whereby the said "static" strands are interbraided with further strands from a corresponding set of movable package carriers, each movable package carrier traversing a predetermined first serpentine path to interbraid the strands of the first set of movable package carrier with the strands from the first set of static package carriers to form a first braided layer; feeding simultaneously to the braid-forming area, strands from a second set of static
  • the braid forming area is preferably situated at the longitudinal axis of the tubular braiding machine and, as the braid structure is formed it is moved through the tubular braiding machine along the longitudinal axis thereof.
  • the tubular bed of the tubular braiding machine may be of circular cross-section or may be ellipsoidal or any other closed or multisided shape.
  • the invention also includes a braiding machine for forming a multi-layer hollow braid which machine comprises:-
  • the invention further includes a machine for forming a multi-layer hollow braid in accordance with the invention, the braid structure having a plurality of layers each constituted by interbraided strands of material with at least one strand of each layer interlocking with the strands of a contiguous layer, which machine comprises a hollow tubular member, two apertured end plates securing the hollow cylindrical member between them, a plurality of serpentine paths circumferentially formed on the inner surface of the tubular member, a plurality of intermeshing horn gears, a plurality of movable package carriers, each arranged for movement over a serpentine path in a sequence predetermined by rotation of the horngears, and changeover track means effective between adjacent serpentine paths for the movement of a movable package carrier from one circumferential serpentine path into said adjacent serpentine path.
  • This movement preferably occurs at least once during a single passage of the package carrier around the tubular member.
  • the machine may include a serpentine path disposed adjacent each end plate and an intermediate serpentine path in which a movable package carrier in the intermediate path is transferred by the horngears to travel into the serpentine path of each contiguous serpentine path at least once during a single passage of the package carrier around the tubular member.
  • the tubular member may be circular, ellipsoidal or multi-faceted in cross-section.
  • the machine may further include a plurality of intermediate serpentine paths in which a movable package carrier in at least one of the intermediate paths is transferred by horngears to travel into a plurality of said serpentine paths during a single passage of the package carrier around the cylindrical member.
  • Each sepentine path is defined by a pair of intersecting zig-zag or generally sinusoidal tracks disposed in the base plate in which the part is located. Each pair of tracks between adjacent intersections effectively defines a generally lemon shaped island portion.
  • the movable package carriers are mounted for sliding movement along in the tracks and are driven by the horngears disposed thereunder, the arrangement being such that the array of horngears disposed beneath the serpentine tracks serves to drive the package carrier in contrary directions in each track.
  • the horngears will serve to drive a package carrier in a first direction across an intersection and subsequently a second package carrier across the same intersection in an approximately orthogonal direction.
  • serpentine path pair This arrangement is well known in an standard braiding machine and movable package carriers in such a machine are restricted to movement solely in the single track of the serpentine path pair within which it is located.
  • two or more serpentine paths are arranged in juxtaposition to provide an array of island portions extending as columns generally across the direction of movement of package carriers in each track.
  • all the islands in a first serpentine path would be in register with all the islands of the second and subsequent serpentine paths i.e. to form columns extending substantially normal to the line of the serpentine track.
  • islands are modified to define part of a crossover track between the adjacent serpentine paths.
  • the horngears are arranged under the serpentine paths to provide an array of gears with basically one gear arranged under each island.
  • gears along each serpentine path intermesh at the crossover points to effect a changeover point between the intersecting tracks of said path
  • the gears between adjacent paths also intersect, not only along the path lengths, but laterally along the columns.
  • there is positive drive between the horngears disposed therebeneath and the package carrier can move smoothly between one serpentine path to the next via the crossover tracks which feed from one path into an adjacent path, thus permitting a package carrier to move from one path to an adjacent path and carrying the yarn with it, thereby effecting movement of the strand from one layer to a next adjacent layer.
  • a variety of different interlocking patterns can be produced between adjacent layers in this way.
  • each island portion and the dimensions between each crossover point in a given serpentine path remain substantially constant; a pair of standard adjacent island portions in contiguous serpentine paths may be exchanged for a pair of modified islands which define part of the crossover track between them. Since island portions are readily interchangable it will be appreciated by a man skilled in the art that a large variety of patterns and changeover arrangements are possible.
  • the apparatus comprises a tubular and preferably substantially cylindrical body member adapted to carry about its surface a plurality of intermeshing horngears.
  • Each horngear is in direct meshing relationship with the next horngear in a given path, but horngears within a given path (or row) may intermesh at an angle one with respect to the other.
  • the internal surface of the cylindrical bedplate may be provided with a plurality of track forming elements or track plate comprising standard track forming elements each of which define the extremity of a track portion of a serpentine path, each element being curved to correspond with the curvature of the bedplate.
  • External track forming elements may serve to define either standard elements which in juxtaposition produce a standard serpentine path without crossover points or may be modified to provide a crossover section.
  • the intermeshing horngears are mounted externally of the cylindrical bedplate.
  • the drive means for the gears may be mounted on one of the end plates.
  • the drive means may include principle driving gears mounted on one of the end plates and disposed at 90° with respect to each other and these may be driven by a single prime mover.
  • Coupling means may be provided between the drive gears on each end plate.
  • fixed or “static” package carriers may also be provided such that they introduce strands at points on the surface of the cylindrical member.
  • such "static" package carriers may be arranged to provide a strand of braidable material to the braid area or station of a braiding machine via hollow axles of each of the horngears.
  • Machines in accordance with the present invention can produce either a collapsed or a hollow form of braided structure.
  • the machine may include a mandrel movable longitudinally along the central axis of the cylindrical member.
  • strands from the movable package carriers may be fed to the movable mandrel to form a braid structure thereupon.
  • the invention includes the braiding or interbraiding of different types of strands; laminated braid layers may be formed with an interlocked configuration by providing each principle layer of the braid structure with strands of braidable material of one set of properties and adjacent braid layers being formed of strands of material of different properties, while at the same time allowing a predetermined degree of interbraiding between the layers.
  • the machine illustrated in the drawings comprises a pair of end plates 10, 10' each plate having a substantially circular opening 11, a top edge 12, a bottom edge 13 and pair of side edges 14. Each corner is provided with a chamfered portion 15 which, toegether with the top edge 12 and side edges 14 defines a generally eight sided periphery for each end plate 10, 10'.
  • Each end plate 10 is secured to a generally cylindrical bedplate 16 formed of a plurality, in the specific example forty eight, of flat elements, each interconnected one to the other, so that each flat element is disposed at an angle of 7.5° to its neighbour.
  • Each flat element comprises a central bore 18 which receives and retains a shaft bearing 19 of a horngear 20.
  • Each horngear 20 has a peripheral tooth portion 21 which is adapted to a mesh at 22 with the corresponding tooth portion of each adjacent gear in the circumferential array.
  • each horngear 20 has two orthogonal diametric slots in the surface thereof which is disposed towards the centre of the machine.
  • Each shaft bearing 19 carries a drive shaft for driving a respective horngear 20.
  • Each horngear 20 is journalled for rotation about a hollow tube 23 which latter serves to support island plates 27 or 28 (See Figure 4).
  • a plurality of horngears 20 is arranged about the circumference of bedplate 16 to provide a plurality, in the case of the specific example in the drawings forty eight linear columns of horngears, each column extending longitudinally of the cylindrical bedplate 16, the arrangement being such that the intermeshing gears within each columm lie within a plane.
  • Each column comprises five horngears which when considered circumferentially constitute five circumferentially disposed rows of horngears, each row comprising forty eight gears.
  • Each circumferential row corresponds to a serpentine path extending circumferentially of the cylindrical bedplate 16 the arrangement being such that the horngears of the array intermesh one with respect to another.
  • Each horngear in an intermediate row meshes with four other gears, i.e. two gears in its own row and a gear from each adjacent row.
  • Each horngear in an edge row meshes with three adjacent gears, i.e. the two adjacent gears in its own row and the adjacent gear in the next intermediate row. This is best seen from Figure 3 in which horngears 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 intermesh one with respect to another in a plane and the gears 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 together constitute one column of the 48.
  • each serpentine path comprises a pair of intersecting tracks.
  • the first serpentine path 29 comprises generally sinusoidal path tracks 72 and 73.
  • the tracks are defined by outer plate 25 which has a contoured track edge 53 which serves to define the outer edge 53 of track 73.
  • Inner edge 36 of the track is defined by guide plate 27 which is a standard island plate having a generally lemon- shaped configuration.
  • guide plate 27 which is a standard island plate having a generally lemon- shaped configuration.
  • crossovers 64, 65 all lie within the same row.
  • Guide plate 28 is an island crossover plate; it has one edge 36 contoured to correspond with edge 36 of island plate 27 while the other edge 37 is contoured to define a crossover 66 together with the intermediate track plate 26 and corresponding island plate 28'.
  • island plate 28' is provided with two crossover edges 37 to provide systematic crossover along a column.
  • plates 27, 28 and 28' are selectively interchangeable, together with plates 25, 26 and other variants thereof to enable a complete interlocking matrix or array of interlocks either along columns or between rows to provide interlocks between adjacent layers or alternatively to provide interlocks passing through an intermediate layer to provide the positive interlock on the next adjacent layer.
  • drive units 41, 42, 43 and 44 are situated in the corners of drive plate 10 and these are coupled together by means of a continuous chain 45.
  • the chain 45 is driven by a suitable prime mover, such for example, an electric or pneumatic motor.
  • corresponding drive units 41a, 42a, 43a and 44a are provided on the other end plate 10' of which only one, 43a, is shown in Figure 3. These are interconnected by means of a shaft 46 which serves to ensure that all the drives and horngears are synchronised by providing positive drive at 8 points through the gear array so that the applied torque on individual gears is reduced.
  • Each serpentine path track is adapted to contain a plurality of package carriers.
  • Each package carrier has a depending lug which is engaged by slots in each of the horngears and as each of the gears rotates the slots co-act with the lug to drive the package around the track.
  • the track plates 25, 26, 27 28 and 28' serve to constrain the movement of the carriers to a given track and the carriers will be retained in a given track of that path passing sequentially over crossovers with the other track of the same path.
  • the movement of the package carrier can be controlled so as to direct the carrier along one given serpentine path or to transfer it between adjacent paths, depending on the layout of the track plates for any particular design of braid construction.
  • a series of movable package carriers are mounted on the five serpentine paths or rows of the machine and the strands from each carrier are lead to a central mandrel which extends longitudinally of the axis of the machine.
  • the strands are secured to the mandrel together with the strands from any "static" package carriers which may extend through tubes 23.
  • Such "static" package carriers may be located on the island plates.
  • the drive means When all the strands have been secured to the mandrel the drive means is started which serves to rotate the horn gears to cause movement of the movable package carriers along the serpentine paths in the manner described above.
  • the design of the paths is such that braidable strands of material from various carriers move between the layers defined by each path to form an interlocked braid structure.
  • the braid structure so formed thus has multiple layers which constitute a three-dimensional braid having strands passing from layer to layer thus increasing the strength of the structure against delamination. Since carriers are moving in all five rows of all forty eight columns simultaneously, the braid structure is continuously laid down as a three dimensional braid with all the layers interlocked.
  • Figure 8 of the accompanying drawings shows five rows of gears 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 each row having 48 gears disposed around the circumference of the machine. Corresponding gears in adjacent rows namely, 101, 201, 301, 401 and 501 each together define a column. Thus, the machine comprises five circumferential rows each containing 48 gears or 48 columns each containing 5 gears, a total of 240 gears in all.
  • common gears in a row are prefixed by the first digit
  • common gears within a column are prefixed by the third digit.
  • a crossover takes place as the package carrier is moved by gear 203 through an arc of 180° to a crossover point between gear 203 and 204, i.e. a crossover point between adjacent columns within the same row.
  • Gear 204 rotates clockwise and carries the package carrier through an arc of 90° to a crossover point between gears 204 and 104, i.e. to effect a crossover in the same column but between different rows, where the package carrier is then rotated clockwise about gear 104 through an arc of 90° to a crossover point with gear 105 and the sequence starts once again.
  • a mandrel In operation of the machine a mandrel is located substantially centrally of the cylindrical bedplate 16. This mandrel (not shown in the drawings) is moved generally along the longitudinal axis of the machine as the braid is built up.
  • the mandrel may be a rigid mandrel or one that is capable of being collapsed to enable the braid to be released from the mandrel after formation. It will be appreciated by the man skilled in the art that the shape of the mandrel depends on the shape of the product required, although it is normally of a circular cross section.
  • the braid structure produced in the manner described above may be subsequently impregnated with a matrix material such as thermoplastic or a thermosetting resin to make a durable braided composite structure.
  • a matrix material such as thermoplastic or a thermosetting resin
  • the strand material itself may either be impregnated by a matrix binder which may subsequently be activated or may be composed of components of matrix material. Due to the truly three dimensional structure of the resulting braid, the braid exhibits a much enhanced strength against delamination than has been experienced hitherto.
  • the method and apparatus of the invention has been found to be suitable for the braiding of ceramic fibres such as those of silica, glass and carbon, as well as standard textile fibres including fibres such as KEVLAR.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Claims (31)

  1. Structure de tresse comprenant une pluralité de couches tressées de matériau en brins, caractérisée en ce que les brins qui sont tressés ensemble pour former une première couche tressée comprennent des brins qui traversent également par intervalles jusque dans une autre couche tressée afin d'accrocher mutuellement ladite première et lesdites autres couches tressées de la structure.
  2. Structure de tresse selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les brins traversent par intervalles jusque dans une seconde couche tressée adjacente à la première couche tressée et traversent par intervalles de la seconde couche tressée pour revenir à la première couche tressée en accrochant ainsi mutuellement les première et seconde couches tressées.
  3. Structure de tresse selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les brins traversent par intervalles au travers d'une seconde couche tressée jusque dans une autre couche tressée, accrochant ainsi mutuellement indirectement la seconde couche tressée entre la première couche et les autres couches tressées.
  4. Structure de tresse selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les brins qui traversent par intervalles d'une première couche jusqu'à une autre couche sont en outre tressés pour former une partie de ladite autre couche.
  5. Structure de tresse selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les brins qui traversent d'une première couche à une autre forment deux croisement intra-couche entre chaque croisement inter-couche, un croisement intra-couche étant un croisement d'un premier brin avec un autre à l'intérieur de la même couche pour contribuer au tressage de la couche et un croisement inter-couche étant un croisement d'un brin d'une première couche avec une autre pour contribuer à l'accrochage mutuel des couches.
  6. Structure de tresse selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle, outre les brins qui traversent par intervalles de ladite première couche à ladite autre couche, il y a des brins qui sont tressés ensemble pour former ladite autre couche tressée comprenant des brins qui traversent également par intervalles dans ladite première couche tressée.
  7. Structure de tresse selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle une matrice de matériau de résine est dispersée et/ou répartie dans les interstices de la structure de tresse.
  8. Structure de tresse selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle les brins comprennent ou sont constitués du matériau de résine.
  9. Structure de tresse selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la structure de tresse est creuse.
  10. Structure de tresse selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle la structure de tresse est de section transversale circulaire ou de section transversale irrégulière.
  11. Procédé de formation d'une structure de tresse comprenant une pluralité de couches tressées, dans lequel les brins tressés pour former les couches tressées sont fournis par des porte-bobine qui se déplacent le long d'une pluralité de jeux juxtaposés de pistes sinueuses se coupant (72, 73 et 70, 71), chaque jeu de pistes se coupant étant associé à une couche tressée respective de la structure de tresse en ce que les brins provenant des porte-bobine se déplaçant le long de chaque jeu de pistes se coupant forment des brins de la couche tressée associée respective, et dans lequel les porte-bobine se déplaçant le long d'un premier jeu de pistes se coupant (72, 73) et fournissant des brins formant partie de la couche tressée associée audit premier jeu de pistes se coupant (72, 73) traversent par intervalles dans un autre jeu de pistes se coupant (70, 71) associé à une autre couche tressée afin d'accrocher mutuellement ladite première et lesdites autres couches tressées de la structure.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel les porte-bobine se déplaçant le long d'un premier jeu de pistes se coupant (72, 73) et fournissant des brins formant partie d'une première couche tressée associée au premier jeu de pistes se coupant (72, 73) traversent par intervalles jusqu'à un second jeu de pistes se coupant (70, 71) associé à une seconde couche tressée qui est adjacente à la première couche tressée et traversent également par intervalles pour revenir audit premier jeu de pistes se coupant (72, 73).
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel les porte-bobine se déplaçant le long d'un premier jeu de pistes se coupant et fournissant des brins formant partie d'une première couche tressée associée au premier jeu de pistes se coupant traversent par intervalles au travers d'un second jeu de pistes se coupant associé à une seconde couche tressée qui est adjacente à la première couche jusqu'à un autre jeu de pistes se coupant associé à une autre couche tressée, accrochant ainsi mutuellement indirectement la seconde couche tressée entre la première couche tressée et les autres couches tressées.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13, dans lequel les porte-bobine traversant jusqu'audit autre jeu de pistes se coupant se déplacent le long dudit autre jeu de pistes se coupant et fournissent des brins formant partie de ladite autre couche tressée.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 14, dans lequel les porte-bobine qui traversent par intervalles d'un premier jeu de pistes se coupant jusqu'à un autre, franchissent deux intersections dans un seul jeu de pistes se coupant entre chaque traversée d'un premier jeu de pistes se coupant à un autre.
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 15, dans lequel des brins supplémentaires destinés aux couches tressées sont fournis par des porte-bobine statiques.
  17. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 16 dans lequel, à un point de croisement (65, 67) où les porte-bobine se déplaçant le long dudit premier jeu de pistes se coupant (72, 73) passent à un autre jeu de pistes se coupant (70, 71), les porte-bobine se déplaçant le long dudit jeu de pistes se coupant (70, 71) traversent jusqu'audit premier jeu de pistes se coupant (72, 73).
  18. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 17, dans lequel chaque jeu de pistes se coupant comprend une paire de pistes se coupant.
  19. Machine à tresser pour former une structure de tresse comprenant une pluralité de couches tressées accrochée mutuellement, la machine à tresser comprenant :
    une pluralité de porte-bobine destinés à porter des réserves de brins à tresser,
    une pluralité de jeux juxtaposés de pistes sinueuses se coupant (72, 73 et 70, 71) le long desquelles les porte-bobine sont montés pour se déplacer, chaque jeu de pistes se coupant étant associé à une couche respective à tresser, et des moyens d'entraînement pour déplacer les porte-bobine le long des pistes, où l'agencement des pistes sinueuses et des porte-bobine est tel que les porte-bobine entraînés, en utilisation, le long d'un premier jeu de pistes se coupant (70, 73) pour fournir des brins formant partie de la couche associée audit premier jeu de pistes se coupant traversent par intervalles jusque dans un autre jeu de pistes se coupant (70, 71) associé à une autre couche tressée afin d'accrocher mutuellement la couche tressée associée audit premier jeu de pistes se coupant (72, 73) à la couche tressée associée audit autre jeu de pistes se coupant (70, 71).
  20. Machine à tresser selon la revendication 19, dans laquelle les pistes destinées aux porte-bobine sont agencées de telle manière que les porte-bobine se déplaçant le long d'un premier jeu de pistes se coupant traversent par intervalles jusqu'à un autre jeu de pistes se coupant qui sont adjacentes au premier jeu et traversent également par intervalles pour revenir au premier jeu de pistes se coupant.
  21. Machine à tresser selon la revendication 19, dans laquelle les pistes destinées aux porte-bobine sont agencées de telle manière que les porte-bobine se déplaçant le long d'un premier jeu de pistes se coupant traversent par intervalles au travers d'un second jeu de pistes se coupant adjacent au premier jeu jusqu'à un autre jeu de pistes se coupant.
  22. Machine à tresser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 21, dans laquelle les pistes destinées aux porte-bobine sont agencées de telle manière que les porte-bobine qui traversent par intervalles d'un premier jeu de pistes se coupant jusqu'à un autre, franchissent deux intersections à l'intérieur d'un seul jeu de pistes se coupant entre chaque traversée d'un premier jeu de pistes se coupant à un autre.
  23. Machine à tresser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 22, comprenant en outre des porte-bobine statiques fournissant des brins supplémentaires pour les couches tressées.
  24. Machine à tresser selon la revendication 23, dans laquelle les porte-bobine statiques sont entourés par des pistes destinées aux porte-bobine mobiles.
  25. Machine à tresser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 24, dans laquelle les pistes destinées aux porte-bobine sont agencées de telle manière qu'en un point de croisement où les porte-bobine se déplaçant le long dudit premier jeu de pistes se coupant (72, 73) traversent jusqu'à un autre jeu de pistes se coupant (70, 71), les porte-bobine se déplaçant le long dudit autre jeu de pistes se coupant (70, 71) traversent jusqu'audit premier jeu de pistes se coupant (72, 73).
  26. Machine à tresser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 25, dans laquelle la pluralité de jeux juxtaposés de pistes se coupant s'étend autour d'un axe longitudinal de la machine, un premier jeu de pistes étant décalé axialement d'un autre.
  27. Machine à tresser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 26, dans laquelle les moyens d'entraînement comprennent un réseau d'engrenages coniques en engrènement (20), et des moyens pour faire tourner les engrenages (41 à 45), les points d'intersection des pistes se coupant (65, 67) et les points de traversée (66) d'un premier jeu de pistes à un autre étant situés en des emplacements correspondant aux points d'engrènement d'engrenages coniques adjacents.
  28. Machine à tresser selon la revendication 27 lorsqu'elle dépend de la revendication 23 ou de la revendication 24, dans laquelle les porte-bobine mobiles sont agencés pour fournir des brins de matériau à tresser par l'intermédiaire de tubes autour desquels tournent les engrenages coniques.
  29. Machine à tresser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 28, dans laquelle les pistes sinueuses se coupant sont définies par des interstices présents entre une pluralité de plaques (25 à 28), dont les bords (36, 37, 53) définissent les limites des pistes.
  30. Machine à tresser selon la revendication 29, dans laquelle les plaques (36, 37, 53) comprennent des plaques en îlot (21, 28), dont chacune sépare une première piste d'une seconde piste du même jeu de pistes se coupant, entre leurs intersections.
  31. Machine à tresser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 30, dans laquelle chaque jeu de pistes se coupant comprend une paire de pistes se coupant.
EP91902107A 1990-01-15 1991-01-02 Structure tressee Expired - Lifetime EP0511248B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB909000815A GB9000815D0 (en) 1990-01-15 1990-01-15 Braider
GB9000815 1990-01-15
US50104390A 1990-03-29 1990-03-29
US501043 1990-03-29
PCT/GB1991/000002 WO1991010766A1 (fr) 1990-01-15 1991-01-02 Structure tressee

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0511248A1 EP0511248A1 (fr) 1992-11-04
EP0511248B1 true EP0511248B1 (fr) 1996-03-27

Family

ID=26296498

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91902107A Expired - Lifetime EP0511248B1 (fr) 1990-01-15 1991-01-02 Structure tressee

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EP (1) EP0511248B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE136068T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2073965C (fr)
DE (1) DE69118362T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0511248T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2085984T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3019966T3 (fr)
IE (1) IE77039B1 (fr)
PT (1) PT96479B (fr)
WO (1) WO1991010766A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5383925A (en) * 1992-09-14 1995-01-24 Meadox Medicals, Inc. Three-dimensional braided soft tissue prosthesis
EP0576517B1 (fr) * 1991-03-25 1997-05-07 Meadox Medicals Inc. Prothese vasculaire
US5562725A (en) * 1992-09-14 1996-10-08 Meadox Medicals Inc. Radially self-expanding implantable intraluminal device
US5476027A (en) * 1993-03-23 1995-12-19 Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Braider
CA2138640C (fr) * 1993-04-26 1998-07-28 Peter J. Schmitt Prothese tubulaire solidement tissee
US5370682A (en) * 1993-04-26 1994-12-06 Meadox Medicals, Inc. Solid woven tubular prosthesis
US5913894A (en) * 1994-12-05 1999-06-22 Meadox Medicals, Inc. Solid woven tubular prosthesis
US5741332A (en) * 1995-01-23 1998-04-21 Meadox Medicals, Inc. Three-dimensional braided soft tissue prosthesis
US5758562A (en) * 1995-10-11 1998-06-02 Schneider (Usa) Inc. Process for manufacturing braided composite prosthesis
US6592617B2 (en) 1996-04-30 2003-07-15 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Three-dimensional braided covered stent
US5891191A (en) * 1996-04-30 1999-04-06 Schneider (Usa) Inc Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy stent and stent-graft
US5957974A (en) * 1997-01-23 1999-09-28 Schneider (Usa) Inc Stent graft with braided polymeric sleeve
US5906641A (en) 1997-05-27 1999-05-25 Schneider (Usa) Inc Bifurcated stent graft
US5980564A (en) * 1997-08-01 1999-11-09 Schneider (Usa) Inc. Bioabsorbable implantable endoprosthesis with reservoir
US6340367B1 (en) 1997-08-01 2002-01-22 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Radiopaque markers and methods of using the same
US6174330B1 (en) 1997-08-01 2001-01-16 Schneider (Usa) Inc Bioabsorbable marker having radiopaque constituents
US6245103B1 (en) 1997-08-01 2001-06-12 Schneider (Usa) Inc Bioabsorbable self-expanding stent
US6626939B1 (en) 1997-12-18 2003-09-30 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Stent-graft with bioabsorbable structural support
US6929626B2 (en) 2003-01-15 2005-08-16 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Intraluminally placeable textile catheter, drain and stent
US7641681B2 (en) 2004-12-28 2010-01-05 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Low profile stent-graft attachment

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DE1026815B (de) * 1953-05-21 1958-03-27 Arthur Crossley Rundflechtmaschine zum Umflechten von Kabeln od. dgl.
EP0113196A1 (fr) * 1982-12-01 1984-07-11 Cambridge Consultants Limited Structure tubulaire tissée
US4621560A (en) * 1985-04-11 1986-11-11 Atlantic Research Corporation Method of sequenced braider motion for multi-ply braiding apparatus
US4719837A (en) * 1986-04-17 1988-01-19 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Complex shaped braided structures
US4737399A (en) * 1987-02-12 1988-04-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Three-dimensional structures of interlocked strands
US4753150A (en) * 1987-06-12 1988-06-28 Atlantic Research Corporation Braiding apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT96479A (pt) 1992-12-31
CA2073965C (fr) 1999-02-16
IE77039B1 (en) 1997-11-19
DE69118362T2 (de) 1996-09-19
CA2073965A1 (fr) 1991-07-16
EP0511248A1 (fr) 1992-11-04
DK0511248T3 (da) 1996-04-22
IE910116A1 (en) 1991-07-17
WO1991010766A1 (fr) 1991-07-25
PT96479B (pt) 1998-07-31
ATE136068T1 (de) 1996-04-15
GR3019966T3 (en) 1996-08-31
ES2085984T3 (es) 1996-06-16
DE69118362D1 (de) 1996-05-02

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