EP0509852A1 - Mascarabürste - Google Patents

Mascarabürste Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0509852A1
EP0509852A1 EP92400315A EP92400315A EP0509852A1 EP 0509852 A1 EP0509852 A1 EP 0509852A1 EP 92400315 A EP92400315 A EP 92400315A EP 92400315 A EP92400315 A EP 92400315A EP 0509852 A1 EP0509852 A1 EP 0509852A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bristles
brush
soft material
brush according
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92400315A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0509852B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Louis Gueret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LOreal SA
Original Assignee
LOreal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=9411871&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0509852(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by LOreal SA filed Critical LOreal SA
Publication of EP0509852A1 publication Critical patent/EP0509852A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0509852B1 publication Critical patent/EP0509852B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D1/00—Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles
    • A46D1/02—Bristles details
    • A46D1/0238—Bristles with non-round cross-section
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B3/00—Brushes characterised by the way in which the bristles are fixed or joined in or on the brush body or carrier
    • A46B3/18—Brushes characterised by the way in which the bristles are fixed or joined in or on the brush body or carrier the bristles being fixed on or between belts or wires
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D1/00—Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B2200/00—Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
    • A46B2200/10—For human or animal care
    • A46B2200/1046—Brush used for applying cosmetics
    • A46B2200/1053—Cosmetics applicator specifically for mascara

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brush for applying a make-up product, in particular for applying mascara to the eyelashes or a dye to the hair, of the type which includes a multitude of stuck hairs.
  • a brush for applying a make-up product in particular for applying mascara to the eyelashes or a dye to the hair, of the type which includes a multitude of stuck hairs.
  • the bristles in the turns of at least two branches of metallic wire twisted in a helix which form the core of the brush, the bristles being arranged substantially radially.
  • the bristles used for such brushes should be chosen so that the brush is not too aggressive for the sensitive eye. But it is also necessary that the brush is capable of depositing sufficient makeup product, in particular on the eyelashes.
  • the material used for the bristles of brushes of the kind defined above is generally constituted by a polyamide. If one wishes to obtain a "soft" brush, not aggressive for the sensitive eye, one is led to use bristles of reduced diameter, for example 6 hundredths of a millimeter so that the bristles have great flexibility.
  • bristles of reduced diameter for example 6 hundredths of a millimeter so that the bristles have great flexibility.
  • the drawback appears that, on the one hand, such a bristle of reduced diameter takes the form of a large coil throughout the brush and, on the other hand, deposits very little product on eyelashes.
  • the gap between each strand, of reduced diameter is small and the makeup obtained with such a brush is very natural whereas, in most cases, it is sought to obtain a specific makeup.
  • the object of the invention is, above all, to provide a brush which no longer has, or to a lesser degree, the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the object of the invention is, in particular, to provide a brush at least as soft as that obtained with polyamide bristles with a diameter of 6 hundredths of a millimeter and which makes it possible to make up strongly the eyelashes while having a very soft contact. and not aggressive on the eye, and while ensuring a very thorough separation of the eyelashes.
  • a brush for applying a makeup product of the kind defined above is characterized in that it comprises bristles made of a soft material with a hardness of between 20 shores A and 40 shores D, and that the diameter of these hairs is sufficient to prevent them from being too flexible.
  • all the bristles of the brush are made of a soft material with a hardness of between 20 shores A and 40 shores D, with a sufficient diameter to avoid too much flexibility.
  • the bristles of soft material are mixed with other bristles made of different materials, in particular polyamide or polyester, and having substantially the same rigidity as the bristles of soft material.
  • the proportion, by number, of bristles made of soft material is at least 40% of the total number of bristles of the brush.
  • the brush will have 50% bristles of soft elastomeric material, with circular section, with a diameter of 30 hundredths of a millimeter, and 50% of polyamide bristles with circular section with a diameter of 8 hundredths or 10 hundredths of a millimeter.
  • the load gap is more regular; due to the large diameter of the soft bristles, the number of bristles per turn of the core is reduced, so that the interstice between bristles is larger, which makes it possible to obtain more load at the level of each bristle.
  • the brush preferably comprises from 8 to 40 bristles per coil.
  • the soft bristles are advantageously made of elastomeric or thermoplastic material.
  • the diameter of the soft bristles is preferably between 10 and 35 hundredths of a millimeter.
  • the metal wire constituting the branches of the core is a soft wire allowing a slight elongation, so as to avoid shearing the hairs during twisting.
  • the diameter of the wire can be between 0.4 and 0.9 mm.
  • the hairs are preferably full; their section can be square, flat rectangular, triangular or cylindrical.
  • the cylindrical bristles may be hollow.
  • the bristles may have at least one capillary groove.
  • the invention consists, apart from the arrangements set out above, of a certain number of other arrangements which will be more explicitly discussed below in connection with a particular embodiment described with reference to the attached drawing, but which is in no way limiting.
  • Figure 1 of this drawing shows schematically, in elevation, a brush according to the invention, with parts broken away.
  • FIG. 2 briefly shows a means of testing the hardness of the brush.
  • Figures 3 a to 3 e show , on a large scale, various possible sections for the bristles.
  • the brush comprises a multitude of bristles 2 wedged in the turns of two branches 3, 4 of wire twisted in a helix which form the core 5 of the brush.
  • the core 5 is integral with a rod 6 provided, at its end remote from the bristles 2, with a cap 7 for handling the brush.
  • the bristles 2 are arranged substantially radially and are wedged, between the turns, approximately at their median part. As a variant, the bristles can be offset relative to the core 5.
  • the bristles 2 are made of a soft material with a hardness of between 20 shores A and 40 shores D.
  • the material of the bristles is advantageously an elastomeric or thermoplastic material.
  • the diameter of the bristles is sufficient to prevent them from being too flexible. This diameter is advantageously between 10 and 35 hundredths of a millimeter and preferably between 15 and 30 hundredths of a millimeter.
  • the bristles 2 are of solid section, in particular of square shape (FIG. 3 a ), flat rectangular (FIG. 3 b ), triangular (FIG. 3 c ), circular (FIG. 3 d ), or with hollow circular section.
  • the bristles can be used alone or as a mixture.
  • the bristles may have at least one capillary groove (Figure 3 e ).
  • the metal wire constituting the branches 3, 4 of the core is a soft wire allowing a slight elongation, so as to reduce the risks of shearing of the bristles 2 during twisting.
  • the diameter of the wire constituting the branches 3, 4 is advantageously between 0.4 and 0.9 mm.
  • the bristles 2 are made of a soft material, and have a relatively large diameter, when the branches 3, 4 are twisted with a minimum torque so as to wedge the bristles, the latter, due to the deformation of their diameter, take on a "clutter" appearance, that is to say that two immediately neighboring hairs will tilt in a different way. With sufficient twist, a generally homogeneous tuft is obtained in which the ends 2 has bristles which are substantially equidistant from each other and regularly distributed throughout the brush. This looses the twist effect of the twisted core. The load interstices between the bristles 2 are more evenly distributed throughout the volume occupied by the brush.
  • the bristles in soft material preferably in elastomeric material, make it possible to obtain a bi-oriented deformation either in compression or in stretching.
  • the brush only comprises around eight to forty bristles per turn, so that the interstices between bristles are larger than in the case of bristles of smaller diameter more numerous per turn. Each hair will load more product.
  • the bristles 2 When the brush is wrung, through a wringer (crown-shaped) of reduced internal diameter, the bristles 2, made of soft material, lie down and are therefore less wrung out.
  • the "rake" constituted by the bristles of the brush although it is less effective in spreading the product on the eyelashes than in the case of a brush with harder bristles, makes it possible to compensate for this negative effect because that the product load is higher.
  • the brush allows effective makeup with the advantage of great softness and a reduction in the danger to the eye since the bristles are soft.
  • Such a brush can be used for a second make-up on an eye already made up without breaking the deposit of the first make-up, which is advantageous for depositing, for example, on make-up a shiny product.
  • the tensile force for passage through the ring B was greater and corresponded to a value equal to 0.32 newton.
  • the tensile force necessary to pass the brush through the ring B corresponded to a value equal to 0, 48 Newton, that is to say eight times greater than that necessary for a brush made with bristles made of soft material and having a diameter twice as large.
  • all the bristles of the brush are soft bristles.
  • the brush may include soft bristles mixed with other bristles made of different materials, for example polyamide or polyester, and having substantially the same rigidity (and therefore substantially the same flexibility) as the soft bristles.
  • the proportion, by number, of bristles made of soft material is at least 40% of the total number of bristles of the brush.
  • the brush may comprise 50% of bristles of elastomeric material, with circular section, with a diameter of 30 hundredths of a millimeter, and 50% of polyamide bristles with circular section with a diameter of 8 hundredths or 10 hundredths of a millimeter.
  • a brush according to the invention has many advantages.
  • the ends of the bristles can be treated by grinding.
  • the softness of a brush according to the invention makes it possible to no longer feel the hardness of the spin.

Landscapes

  • Brushes (AREA)
EP92400315A 1991-04-16 1992-02-07 Mascarabürste Expired - Lifetime EP0509852B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9104619A FR2675355B1 (fr) 1991-04-16 1991-04-16 Brosse pour l'application d'un produit de maquillage.
FR9104619 1991-04-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0509852A1 true EP0509852A1 (de) 1992-10-21
EP0509852B1 EP0509852B1 (de) 1998-05-06

Family

ID=9411871

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92400315A Expired - Lifetime EP0509852B1 (de) 1991-04-16 1992-02-07 Mascarabürste

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5238011A (de)
EP (1) EP0509852B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH05123217A (de)
CA (1) CA2064418C (de)
DE (1) DE69225350T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2115651T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2675355B1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2717057A1 (fr) * 1994-03-14 1995-09-15 Oreal Pinceau de vernis à ongles et ensemble d'application de vernis à ongles muni d'un tel pinceau.
FR2722380A1 (fr) * 1994-07-12 1996-01-19 Oreal Applicateur pour l'application d'un produit cosmetique liquide et ensemble de maquillage muni d'un tel applicateur
FR2722381A1 (fr) * 1994-07-12 1996-01-19 Oreal Applicateur pour l'application d'un produit liquide et ensemble de maquillage muni d'un tel applicateur
EP1992251A1 (de) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-19 Geka Brush Gmbh Kosmetikbürstchen mit vielen Borsten zum Auftragen eines Kosmetikums
US7565714B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2009-07-28 L'ORéAL S.A. Applicator, and packaging and applicator device including applicator
EP2335677A1 (de) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-22 L'Oréal Beschwerende kosmetische Zusammensetzung, die Behenalkohol als Verdickungsmittel umfasst
FR2954116A1 (fr) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-24 Oreal Composition cosmetique chargeante comprenant de l'alcool behenique a titre d'agent epaississant

Families Citing this family (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5482059A (en) * 1995-04-03 1996-01-09 Estee Lauder Inc. Triple zone mascara brush
US5551456A (en) * 1994-11-03 1996-09-03 Sanderson-Macleod, Inc. Mascara brush construction
DE4446521A1 (de) * 1994-12-24 1996-06-27 Estee Lauder Inc Mascara-Bürstchen
US5542144A (en) * 1995-04-19 1996-08-06 Forsline; Ladd B. Silicone paint brush artist's tool
US5595198A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-01-21 Risdon Corporation Mascara applicator and method of making the same
US5762432A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-06-09 Risdon Corporation Mascara applicator having slotted bristles
US5567072A (en) * 1995-06-07 1996-10-22 Risdon Corporation Mascara applicator having slotted bristles
FR2738127B1 (fr) * 1995-08-30 1998-03-27 Oreal Applicateur de mascara
FR2745481B1 (fr) 1996-02-29 1998-04-30 Oreal Brosse progressive pour appliquer un produit cosmetique, notamment du mascara
FR2749489B1 (fr) 1996-06-07 1998-08-07 Oreal Brosse a profil plan-convexe
USRE38397E1 (en) 1996-11-13 2004-01-27 L'oreal Brush for applying a cosmetic product and make-up device comprising it
FR2762494B1 (fr) * 1997-04-28 1999-06-25 Oreal Applicateur et ensemble de conditionnement et d'application utilisant un tel applicateur
US5976692A (en) * 1997-11-21 1999-11-02 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Natural bristle replacement for cosmetic and other brushes
ES2155392B1 (es) * 1999-05-25 2001-11-01 Techpack Espana S L Cepillo para aplicacion de mascara para pestañas
US6481445B1 (en) 2000-02-09 2002-11-19 Color Access, Inc. Macro filament mascara brush
US6427700B1 (en) 2000-05-08 2002-08-06 Revlon Consumer Products Corporation Mascara brush, container, and method
FR2808981B1 (fr) * 2000-05-19 2002-12-13 Oreal Applicateur a ame non torsadee
US6408857B1 (en) 2000-07-19 2002-06-25 Color Access, Inc. Combination cosmetic applicator brush and comb
US6345626B1 (en) 2000-07-21 2002-02-12 Color Access, Inc. Mascara applicator having compressible array of discs
US6260558B1 (en) 2000-07-21 2001-07-17 Color Access, Inc. Flocked ring mascara applicator and method of making the same
FR2821533B1 (fr) * 2001-03-01 2004-01-23 Oreal Brosse pour l'application d'un produit sur les fibres keratiniques
FR2821532B1 (fr) 2001-03-01 2003-12-12 Oreal Brosse pour l'application d'un produit sur les fibres keratiniques
FR2821536B1 (fr) * 2001-03-01 2003-05-16 Oreal Brosse pour l'application d'un produit sur les fibres keratiniques
US6470897B1 (en) * 2001-04-06 2002-10-29 Pacific Corporation Mascara brush for making up eyelashes
US6464030B1 (en) * 2001-04-17 2002-10-15 Corbin Pacific, Inc. Three wheel steering assembly
US6810885B2 (en) 2002-02-14 2004-11-02 Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation Mascara brush with high durometer fibers
US20030200979A1 (en) * 2002-04-29 2003-10-30 Antonio Montoli Mascara brush with small diameter bristle fibers
US7028695B2 (en) 2002-06-18 2006-04-18 Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation Mascara brush with split hollow filaments
US20040107974A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-06-10 The Bridgeport Metal Goods Manufacturing Company Cosmetics and mascara brushes with multi-fiber bristles
US20040089316A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-05-13 Carol Hamilton Methods and systems for hair coloring and highlighting
FR2859082B1 (fr) * 2003-08-29 2006-11-24 Oreal Applicateur de produit cosmetique
US8327858B2 (en) 2004-08-11 2012-12-11 Elc Management Llc Vibrating mascara applicator
US7465114B2 (en) * 2004-08-11 2008-12-16 Elc Management Llc Vibrating mascara applicator, suitable compositions and method of use
FR2882506B1 (fr) 2005-02-25 2007-05-18 Oreal Procede de maquillage au moyen d'un applicateur vibrant
US20060225760A1 (en) 2005-04-06 2006-10-12 Crown Packaging Technology, Inc., United States Flocked wire mascara brush
US8001980B2 (en) 2006-01-11 2011-08-23 Alcan Packaging Beauty Services Multi-helicoidal applicator brush
DE102006021554B4 (de) * 2006-05-08 2010-01-28 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Applikator
US20080060668A1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2008-03-13 Legassie Raymond P Inserted bristle cosmetics brush
KR200444070Y1 (ko) * 2007-10-10 2009-04-10 (주)아모레퍼시픽 마스카라 브러시
US20110048448A1 (en) * 2009-05-06 2011-03-03 Legassie Raymond P Cosmetic Applicator with Disparate Material Application Zones and Backwipe Return
USD616608S1 (en) 2009-10-26 2010-05-25 Mary Kay Inc. Mascara container
CN201822159U (zh) * 2010-04-09 2011-05-11 建福实业有限公司 电动定型烫发器
US20140326265A1 (en) * 2013-05-03 2014-11-06 Tight Line Cosmetics, Inc. Dual-ended multiple purpose makeup applicator device and method for using the same
USD744161S1 (en) 2014-04-15 2015-11-24 Eukeni Urrechaga Eyelash enhancer, mascara applicator and mascara remover
US10736410B2 (en) 2016-03-15 2020-08-11 Anisa International, Inc. Cosmetic brush fiber having triangular cross section
US10939748B2 (en) 2016-03-15 2021-03-09 Anisa International, Inc. Cosmetic brush fiber with quadrangular cross section
US11197539B2 (en) 2016-03-15 2021-12-14 Anisa International, Inc. Cosmetic brush fiber with star-shaped cross section

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1183937A (fr) * 1957-10-04 1959-07-15 Osborn Mfg Co Brosse à tige en fil métallique
FR2038957A5 (de) * 1969-03-14 1971-01-08 Ind Brush Cy
EP0038524A2 (de) * 1980-04-19 1981-10-28 Georg Karl Geka-Brush Gmbh Mascara-Bürstchen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
FR2506578A1 (fr) * 1981-05-30 1982-12-03 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Appareil de bouclage de cheveux et accessoire de bouclage pour un tel appareil
US4403624A (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-09-13 Montgomery Robin M Cosmetic applicator and container system
EP0329505A1 (de) * 1988-02-12 1989-08-23 L'oreal Bürste zum Applizieren von Schminke und Behälter und Produkt ausgerüstet mit einer solchen Bürste

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3186018A (en) * 1962-08-15 1965-06-01 Shaw Gilbert Brush construction
US4463485A (en) * 1979-04-19 1984-08-07 L'oreal Device for deep massage of the skin
US4586520A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-05-06 Plough, Inc. Mascara applicator
US4861179A (en) * 1986-03-07 1989-08-29 Henlopen Manufacturing Co., Inc. Mascara brush
US4733425A (en) * 1986-06-16 1988-03-29 Sanderson-Macleod, Inc. Mascara brush
FR2605505B1 (fr) * 1986-10-24 1989-06-02 Oreal Brosse pour l'application de produits cosmetiques

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1183937A (fr) * 1957-10-04 1959-07-15 Osborn Mfg Co Brosse à tige en fil métallique
FR2038957A5 (de) * 1969-03-14 1971-01-08 Ind Brush Cy
EP0038524A2 (de) * 1980-04-19 1981-10-28 Georg Karl Geka-Brush Gmbh Mascara-Bürstchen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
FR2506578A1 (fr) * 1981-05-30 1982-12-03 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Appareil de bouclage de cheveux et accessoire de bouclage pour un tel appareil
US4403624A (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-09-13 Montgomery Robin M Cosmetic applicator and container system
EP0329505A1 (de) * 1988-02-12 1989-08-23 L'oreal Bürste zum Applizieren von Schminke und Behälter und Produkt ausgerüstet mit einer solchen Bürste

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2717057A1 (fr) * 1994-03-14 1995-09-15 Oreal Pinceau de vernis à ongles et ensemble d'application de vernis à ongles muni d'un tel pinceau.
EP0673612A1 (de) * 1994-03-14 1995-09-27 L'oreal Nagellackpinsel und Auflageeinheit
US6210060B1 (en) 1994-03-14 2001-04-03 L'oreal Brush for nail varnish and a unit for applying nail varnish provided with such a brush
US6176631B1 (en) 1994-03-14 2001-01-23 L'oreal Brush for a make-up product comprising a tuft of substantially parallel bristles made from an elastomeric thermoplastic or vulcanized material
EP0693263A1 (de) * 1994-07-12 1996-01-24 L'oreal Applikator zum Auftragen von einem flüssigen Produkt und Schminkeinheit mit einem solchen Applikator
EP0694266A1 (de) * 1994-07-12 1996-01-31 L'oreal Applikator zum Auftragen von einem flüssigen kosmetischen Produkt und Schminkeinheit mit einem solchen Applikator
US6033143A (en) * 1994-07-12 2000-03-07 L'oreal Applicator for applying a liquid product and make-up assembly provided with such an applicator
US6059473A (en) * 1994-07-12 2000-05-09 L'oreal Applicator for applying a liquid cosmetic product and make-up assembly provided with such an applicator
FR2722381A1 (fr) * 1994-07-12 1996-01-19 Oreal Applicateur pour l'application d'un produit liquide et ensemble de maquillage muni d'un tel applicateur
FR2722380A1 (fr) * 1994-07-12 1996-01-19 Oreal Applicateur pour l'application d'un produit cosmetique liquide et ensemble de maquillage muni d'un tel applicateur
US6341912B1 (en) 1994-07-12 2002-01-29 L'oreal Applicator for applying a liquid product and make-up assembly provided with such an applicator
US7565714B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2009-07-28 L'ORéAL S.A. Applicator, and packaging and applicator device including applicator
EP1992251A1 (de) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-19 Geka Brush Gmbh Kosmetikbürstchen mit vielen Borsten zum Auftragen eines Kosmetikums
US8201566B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2012-06-19 Geka Brush Gmbh Cosmetic brush with many bristles for applying a cosmetic product
EP2335677A1 (de) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-22 L'Oréal Beschwerende kosmetische Zusammensetzung, die Behenalkohol als Verdickungsmittel umfasst
FR2954116A1 (fr) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-24 Oreal Composition cosmetique chargeante comprenant de l'alcool behenique a titre d'agent epaississant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2064418A1 (fr) 1992-10-17
ES2115651T3 (es) 1998-07-01
JPH05123217A (ja) 1993-05-21
CA2064418C (fr) 2002-08-27
US5238011A (en) 1993-08-24
DE69225350T2 (de) 1999-01-28
FR2675355B1 (fr) 1993-08-13
FR2675355A1 (fr) 1992-10-23
DE69225350D1 (de) 1998-06-10
EP0509852B1 (de) 1998-05-06

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