EP0508434A1 - Method of making extruded profiles - Google Patents
Method of making extruded profiles Download PDFInfo
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- EP0508434A1 EP0508434A1 EP92106183A EP92106183A EP0508434A1 EP 0508434 A1 EP0508434 A1 EP 0508434A1 EP 92106183 A EP92106183 A EP 92106183A EP 92106183 A EP92106183 A EP 92106183A EP 0508434 A1 EP0508434 A1 EP 0508434A1
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- Prior art keywords
- matrix composite
- extrusion
- bolt
- metal matrix
- metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
- B21C33/004—Composite billet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing extruded profile parts, in which a composite extruded bolt is formed from a monolithic metal body and at least one metal matrix composite body and is then heat-treated and extruded.
- the composite extrusion bolt is formed from a metal matrix composite body as a bolt core, on the outside of which the monolithic metal body is arranged such that, after extrusion, the material of the monolithic metal body lies on the surface of the extruded profile part formed.
- Metallic extruded profile parts for example long products, are generally made of relatively soft wrought alloys such as light metals, for example aluminum, copper etc. produced in an extrusion process at elevated temperature.
- Aluminum matrix composites which are still mixed with carbon or graphite particles or carbon or graphite short fibers, also have good sliding properties.
- the wear resistance or these sliding properties can be matched to the wear partner on the one hand by the choice of the component embedded in the aluminum matrix and on the other hand can be selected by appropriately adjusting the size distribution and the shape of the reinforcement component.
- Particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites However, they generally do not achieve the high mechanical characteristics of high and extremely strong aluminum alloys, they have a lower ductility and fracture toughness and a reduced thermal and electrical conductivity.
- the object on which the invention is based is therefore to create a method for producing extruded profile parts of the type mentioned at the outset, with which extruded profile parts with high mechanical properties on the one hand and high surface wear resistance on the other hand can be produced in one operation.
- this object is achieved by that the metal matrix composite body is embedded in the monolithic metal body serving as a bolt core and in such a way that the material of the metal matrix composite body after extrusion lies on at least a desired part of the surface of the extruded profile parts.
- the desired surface wear resistance is achieved in that a surface layer is formed from the material of the metal matrix composite body when the composite extrusion bolt is extruded. This is done in one operation with the shaping extrusion, without an additional manufacturing step being required after the extrusion.
- the invention further relates to a composite extrusion bolt for use in the method according to the invention.
- the single figure of the drawing shows longitudinal sectional views of different extrusion bolts for use in the method according to the invention as well as profile cross-sectional views of the profile parts produced with these extrusion bolts.
- composite extruded bolts (1) are first produced, which, depending on the geometric and mechanical requirements of the end products, for example from a bolt core (2) in Form of a monolithic metal body from a conventional wrought alloy, which forms the profile body (3), for example from an aluminum alloy Types 1xxx, 2xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx and a matrix metal composite body (4) which is embedded in the bolt core and consists of a matrix composite material, for example an aluminum matrix composite material, which has the surface properties desired for the finished product Has.
- the metal matrix composite can contain ceramic reinforcements or graphite reinforcements in particle or short fiber form.
- the parts of the extrusion pin i.e. the core (2) and the Verrbund stresses (34) are manufactured separately and assembled so that the combined composite extrusion bolt (1) can be heat treated and introduced into a conventional extrusion system.
- the extrusion process which corresponds to normal extrusion for profile parts made of monolithic wrought alloys, results in an end product, i.e. a profile part with the local or peripheral edge reinforcement (5) shown in the drawing.
- the so-called dead zone in front of the extrusion tool is used, in which the edge region of the extrusion pin swirls and jams, so that its material is smeared over the extruded profile part.
- the method according to the invention thus provides extruded profile parts, the surfaces of which are completely or wear-resistant in certain areas due to the aluminum matrix composite material, the properties of the load-bearing profile core made of the purely metallic alloy, in particular its mechanical properties, to the end product, i.e. the profile part formed are retained.
- the extrusion of the extrusion bolt from the at least two materials that form the core and the at least one composite body takes place directly or indirectly.
- the geometric shape of this composite depends on the extrusion technology, the type and shape of the tool, the flowability of the materials and the desired geometric shape of the surface areas, which have the desired properties demonstrate.
- the achievable layer thicknesses are unlimited and can cover the entire cross-section or only 1/10 mm thick.
- the surface layers can also vary from 0 to 100% of the cross section along the circumference of a profile.
- the surface or reinforcement layer made of a metallic matrix composite material adapted to the material of the core welds to the core during the extrusion process, mechanical stresses at the interface can be reduced and chipping of the surface layer under mechanical and / or thermal stress can thus be avoided .
- the material of the surface layer also provides sufficient ductility for further deformation or impact stress on the profile part.
- the surface layer of hollow chamber profiles can be applied both inside and outside. It increases the wear resistance to all materials, locally reduces the thermal expansion (depending on the layer thickness) and increases the stiffness of the profile, especially if it is attached to the outside. Furthermore, the crack propagation is delayed by the reinforcement layer.
- one or more composite bodies can be embedded in the bolt core of the composite extrusion bolt.
- the composite body can be provided via a front part in the axial direction, for example with a final end plate;
- several annular composite bodies can be provided for forming inner and outer layers in hollow profile parts, as is the case with the third Example from above, an axially central composite body can be embedded coaxially over a certain distance to form an internally reinforced hollow profile in the bolt core, as is the case with the fourth example from above, or one or more composite bodies over certain distances in axial direction Direction over a certain area of the cross section of the composite extrusion pin can be provided, as is the case with the last two examples.
- the material of the metal matrix composite body lies on the surface of the extruded profile parts formed and materials can be selected for metal matrix composite bodies which have a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the pure metal or alloy material of the monolithic metal body, the thermal expansion coefficient can be achieved the surface area of the extruded profile parts, for example, approximates the coefficient of thermal expansion of steel.
- the extruded profile parts produced by the method according to the invention are to be connected to steel parts or if steel parts are to be replaced in constructions by the extruded profile parts produced by the method according to the invention.
- the materials of the metal matrix composite body are more brittle than pure metals or alloys. They tend to initiate cracks (material fatigue, stress corrosion cracking, etc.). This danger can be countered by carrying out a heat treatment after the extrusion, in which the extruded profile parts are exposed to heat, that is, for example, subjected to a heat treatment to a temperature of 175 ° C. or more over a period of hours, so that they are relieved of internal stresses will, and then cooled very quickly - for example, being quenched.
- the metal core made of the monolithic metal body has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the surface layer or edge layer made of the material of the metal matrix composite body, the metal core will want to contract more when cooling in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the extruded profile part than the surface layer made of the material of the metal matrix. Allows composite body. This has the consequence that the surface layer made of the material of the metal matrix composite body under a compressive stress, i.e. a compressive preload comes while the core made of the material of the monolithic metal body comes under a corresponding tensile stress (tensile preload).
- a rod with a cross-sectional area of the metal core of 90 mm2 made of an alloy AA 6061 (Aluminum Association Norm USA) and a cross-sectional area of 10 mm2 one Surface layer made of an aluminum matrix composite body with silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxide Al2O3 was outsourced so that it is free of internal stresses at 175 ° C, and then cooled very quickly to 20 ° C. In order to reduce the compressive prestress of the surface layer from the material of the metal matrix composite body in the longitudinal direction of the rod, a tensile force of 7300 N had to be applied.
- Materials can be selected as alloy material AA 6061 for the metal core and as material for the metal matrix composite body, whose temperature expansion coefficient at 22x10 bei ° K ⁇ 1 to 23x10 ⁇ 6 ° K ⁇ 1 for the metal material and 16x10 ⁇ 6 ° K ⁇ 1 bis 19x10 ⁇ 6 ° K ⁇ 1 lies.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal material was 23x10 ⁇ 6 ° K ⁇ 1 and that of the material of the metal matrix composite body was 19.5x10 ⁇ 6 ° K ⁇ 1.
- the modulus of elasticity of the alloy material was 70 kN per mm2 and the material of the metal matrix composite body was 95 kN per mm2.
- the aging temperature was 175 ° C, the aging time 2 to 30 h.
- the cooling was carried out with water or with the aid of a blower to 20 ° C. in a short time, the measured compressive stress on the surface was 50 to 150 MPa.
- composite extruded profile parts can be produced in series without additional subsequent coating and thus inexpensively.
- the high wear resistance in connection with the light materials of the core of the profiles extends their service life and reduces their movable mass and thus the energy consumption when used as intended.
- the mechanical and physical properties of the metal matrix composites of the reinforcement or surface layers improve the property profile of the extruded profile parts formed.
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- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Strangpreßprofilteilen, bei dem ein Verbundstrangpreßbolzen aus einem monolithischen Metallkörper und wenigstens einem Metallmatrix-Verbundkörper gebildet und anschließend wärmebehandelt und stranggepreßt wird.The invention relates to a method for producing extruded profile parts, in which a composite extruded bolt is formed from a monolithic metal body and at least one metal matrix composite body and is then heat-treated and extruded.
Aus der JP-PS 61-147 917 ist ein derartiges Verfahren bekannt, das dazu dient, faserverstärkte Metallstrangpreßprofilteile herzustellen, die mit einem Metallüberzug versehen sind. Dazu wird der Verbundstrangpreßbolzen aus einem Metallmatrix-Verbundkörper als Bolzenkern gebildet, an dessen Außenseite der monolithische Metallkörper angeordnet wird, derart, daß nach dem Strangpressen das Material des monolithischen Metallkörpers an der Oberfläche des gebildeten Strangpreßprofilteils liegt.Such a method is known from JP-PS 61-147 917, which serves to produce fiber-reinforced metal extruded profile parts which are provided with a metal coating. For this purpose, the composite extrusion bolt is formed from a metal matrix composite body as a bolt core, on the outside of which the monolithic metal body is arranged such that, after extrusion, the material of the monolithic metal body lies on the surface of the extruded profile part formed.
Metallische Strangpreßprofilteile, beispielsweise Langfabrikate, werden im allgemeinen aus relativ weichen Knetlegierungen wie Leichtmetallen, z.B. Aluminium, Kupfer usw., im Strangpreßverfahren bei erhöhter Temperatur hergestellt.Metallic extruded profile parts, for example long products, are generally made of relatively soft wrought alloys such as light metals, for example aluminum, copper etc. produced in an extrusion process at elevated temperature.
Für einige Anwendungsfälle, beispielsweise als Raupenprofile und insbesondere Pistenraupenprofile, als Führungsschienen und Rohre, Hebel, Achsen und Trittleisten auf dem Gebiet der Kettenfahrzeuge und sonstiger Nutzfahrzeuge, auf dem Gebiet des Maschinenbaus und des Motorenbaus sowie als verschleißbeanspruchte Bauteile im Bauwesen und im Turbinen- und Ventilatorbau weisen derartige Strangpreßprofilteile eine zu geringe Verschleißbeständigkeit auf.For some applications, for example as caterpillar profiles and in particular snow groomer profiles, as guide rails and tubes, levers, axles and tread strips in the field of tracked vehicles and other commercial vehicles, in the field of mechanical engineering and engine construction as well as components subject to wear in construction and in turbine and fan construction such extruded profile parts have insufficient wear resistance.
Um derartige Produkte an ihrer Oberfläche zu härten, werden üblicherweise chemische oder physikalische Verfahren wie beispielsweise Anodisationsverfahren, galvanische Beschichtungsverfahren, Plasmasprühverfahren, physikalische und chemische Bedampfungsverfahren und Pulverbeschichtungsverfahren angewandt.In order to harden such products on their surface, chemical or physical processes such as, for example, anodization processes, galvanic coating processes, plasma spraying processes, physical and chemical vapor deposition processes and powder coating processes are usually used.
Weiterhin ist es bekannt, derartige Strangpreßprofilteile massiv, d.h. vollständig aus Aluminiumlegierungen, die homogen mit feinen Keramik- oder Glasteilchen durchsetzt sind, d.h. aus teilchenverstärkten Aluminiummatrix-Verbundwerkstoffen herzustellen, die gegenüber anderen Metallen, Kunststoffen, Gläsern und natürlichen sowie technischen Keramiken eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit haben. Derartige Aluminiummatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe haben gleichfalls eine hohe Beständigkeit gegenüber einer erosiven Beanspruchung durch verschiedenste Stoffe.It is also known to mass-produce such extruded profile parts, i.e. Made entirely of aluminum alloys that are homogeneously interspersed with fine ceramic or glass particles, i.e. Made from particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials that have a high wear resistance compared to other metals, plastics, glasses and natural and technical ceramics. Such aluminum matrix composite materials also have a high resistance to erosive stress from a wide variety of materials.
Aluminiummatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe, die weiterhin mit Kohle- oder Graphitteilchen bzw. Kohle- oder Graphitkurzfasern versetzt sind, haben darüberhinaus gute Gleiteigenschaften. Die Verschleißfestigkeit bzw. diese Gleiteigenschaften können auf den Verschleißpartner einerseits durch die Wahl der in die Aluminiummatrix eingebetteten Komponente abgestimmt werden und können andererseits durch eine entsprechende Einstellung der Größenverteilung und der Form der Verstärkungskomponente gewählt werden.Aluminum matrix composites, which are still mixed with carbon or graphite particles or carbon or graphite short fibers, also have good sliding properties. The wear resistance or these sliding properties can be matched to the wear partner on the one hand by the choice of the component embedded in the aluminum matrix and on the other hand can be selected by appropriately adjusting the size distribution and the shape of the reinforcement component.
Teilchenverstärkte Aluminiummatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe erreichen jedoch im allgemeinen nicht die hohen mechanischen Kennwerte hoch und höchst fester Aluminiumlegierungen, sie haben eine geringere Duktilität und Bruchzähigkeit sowie eine verminderte thermische und elektrische Leitfähigkeit.Particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites However, they generally do not achieve the high mechanical characteristics of high and extremely strong aluminum alloys, they have a lower ductility and fracture toughness and a reduced thermal and electrical conductivity.
Es ist weiterhin bekannt, Langfabrikate aus Werkstoffverbunden durch Koextrusion der zu verbindenden Werkstoffe zu erzeugen.It is also known to produce long products from composite materials by coextruding the materials to be joined.
Die Verfahren der Beschichtung von Metallprofilteilen mit anderen Stoffen, insbesondere mit chemischen Verbindungen keramischer Art liefern Produkte, die spröde und gegenüber schlagartigen mechanischen Beanspruchungen und gegenüber plastischen Verformungen empfindlich sind. Die im allgemeinen stark unterschiedlichen Temperaturausdehnungs-Koeffizienten der beteiligten Materialien, d.h. des metallischen Körpers einerseits und der Beschichtung andererseits, führen darüberhinaus bei Temperaturschwankungen zu hohen lokalen mechanischen Spannungen und damit oftmals zum Abplatzen der Beschichtung.The processes of coating metal profile parts with other materials, in particular with chemical compounds of a ceramic type, provide products which are brittle and sensitive to sudden mechanical stresses and plastic deformations. The generally very different coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials involved, i.e. of the metallic body on the one hand and the coating on the other hand also lead to high local mechanical stresses in the event of temperature fluctuations and thus often to flaking of the coating.
Da jedes Beschichtungsverfahren einen zusätzlichen Herstellungsschritt darstellt, der im allgemeinen kostenintensiv ist, ist die Beschichtung der Metallkörper zur Erzielung bestimmter Oberflächeneigenschaften darüberhinaus vom ökonomischen Standpunkt aus ungünstig.In addition, since each coating process represents an additional manufacturing step, which is generally cost-intensive, the coating of the metal bodies to achieve certain surface properties is disadvantageous from an economic point of view.
Mechanische Nachbearbeitungen an beschichteten Produkten sind weiterhin nur sehr begrenzt möglich, da die Schichtdicken infolge der Auftragsverfahren und der Haftungsgrenzen auf Größenordnungen von 1/10 mm beschränkt sind.Mechanical reworking of coated products is still only possible to a very limited extent, since the layer thicknesses are limited to orders of magnitude of 1/10 mm due to the application process and the liability limits.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe besteht daher darin, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Strangpreßprofilteilen der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, mit dem Strangpreßprofilteile mit einerseits hohen mechanischen Kennwerten und andererseits mit hoher Oberflächenverschleißfestigkeit in einem Arbeitsgang hergestellt werden können.The object on which the invention is based is therefore to create a method for producing extruded profile parts of the type mentioned at the outset, with which extruded profile parts with high mechanical properties on the one hand and high surface wear resistance on the other hand can be produced in one operation.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß der Metallmatrix-Verbundkörper in den als Bolzenkern dienenden monolithischen Metallkörper eingebettet wird und zwar derart, daß das Material des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers nach dem Strangpressen an wenigstens einem gewünschten Teil der Oberfläche der Strangpreßprofilteile liegt.According to the invention, this object is achieved by that the metal matrix composite body is embedded in the monolithic metal body serving as a bolt core and in such a way that the material of the metal matrix composite body after extrusion lies on at least a desired part of the surface of the extruded profile parts.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die gewünschte Oberflächenverschleißfestigkeit dadurch erzielt, daß beim Strangpressen des Verbundstrangpreßbolzens eine Oberflächenschicht aus dem Material des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers ausgebildet wird. Das erfolgt in einem Arbeitsgang mit dem formgebenden Strangpressen, ohne daß nach dem Strangpressen ein zusätzlicher Herstellungsschritt erforderlich ist.In the method according to the invention, the desired surface wear resistance is achieved in that a surface layer is formed from the material of the metal matrix composite body when the composite extrusion bolt is extruded. This is done in one operation with the shaping extrusion, without an additional manufacturing step being required after the extrusion.
Besonders bevorzugte Ausbildungen und Weiterbildungen des erfindungssgemäßen Verfahrens sind Gegenstand der Ansprüche 2-8.Particularly preferred developments and developments of the method according to the invention are the subject of claims 2-8.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist weiterhin ein Verbundstrangpreßbolzen zur Verwendung bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 9.The invention further relates to a composite extrusion bolt for use in the method according to the invention.
Im folgenden werden anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnung besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher beschrieben.Particularly preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt Längsschnittansichten von verschiedenen Strangpreßbolzen zur Verwendung bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sowie Profil-Querschnittsansichten der mit diesen Strangpreßbolzen hergestellten Profilteile.The single figure of the drawing shows longitudinal sectional views of different extrusion bolts for use in the method according to the invention as well as profile cross-sectional views of the profile parts produced with these extrusion bolts.
Wie es in der Zeichnung dargestellt ist, werden bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Herstellen von Strangpreßprofilteilen aus Leichtmetallegierungen, beispielsweise aus Aluminiumlegierungen, zunächst Verbundstrangpreßbolzen (1) hergestellt, die je nach den geometrischen und mechanischen Anforderungen der Endprodukte, beispielsweise aus einem Bolzenkern (2) in Form eines monolithischen Metallkörpers aus einer herkömmlichen Knetlegierung, der den Profilkörper (3) bildet, beispielsweise aus einer Aluminiumlegierung des Typs 1xxx, 2xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx und einem Matrixmetall-Verbundkörper (4) bestehen, der in den Bolzenkern eingebettet ist und aus einem Matrix-Verbundwerkstoff, beispielsweise einem Aluminiummatrix-Verbundwerkstoff besteht, der die für das fertige Produkt gewänschten Oberflächeneigenschaften hat. Der Metallmatrix-Verbundwerkstoff kann keramische Verstärkungen oder Graphitverstärkungen in Teilchen- oder Kurzfaserform enthalten.As shown in the drawing, in the method according to the invention for producing extruded profile parts from light metal alloys, for example from aluminum alloys, composite extruded bolts (1) are first produced, which, depending on the geometric and mechanical requirements of the end products, for example from a bolt core (2) in Form of a monolithic metal body from a conventional wrought alloy, which forms the profile body (3), for example from an aluminum alloy Types 1xxx, 2xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx and a matrix metal composite body (4) which is embedded in the bolt core and consists of a matrix composite material, for example an aluminum matrix composite material, which has the surface properties desired for the finished product Has. The metal matrix composite can contain ceramic reinforcements or graphite reinforcements in particle or short fiber form.
Die Teile des Strangpreßbolzens, d.h. der Kern (2) sowie der Verrbundkörper (34) werden getrennt gefertigt und so zusammengefügt, daß der kombinierte Verbundstrangpreßbolzen (1) wärmebehandelt und in eine herkömmliche Strangpreßanlage eingebracht werden kann. Durch den Strangpreßvorgang, der dem normalen Strangpressen für Profilteile aus monolithischen Knetlegierungen entspricht, ergibt sich ein Endprodukt, d.h. ein Profilteil mit der in der Zeichnung dargestellten örtlichen oder peripheren Randverstärkung (5). Dabei wird die sogenannte tote Zone vor dem Strangpreßwerkzeug ausgenutzt, in der der Randbereich des Strangpreßbolzens sich verrwirbelt und staut, so daß sein Material über dem Strangpreßprofilteil verschmiert wird.The parts of the extrusion pin, i.e. the core (2) and the Verrbundkörper (34) are manufactured separately and assembled so that the combined composite extrusion bolt (1) can be heat treated and introduced into a conventional extrusion system. The extrusion process, which corresponds to normal extrusion for profile parts made of monolithic wrought alloys, results in an end product, i.e. a profile part with the local or peripheral edge reinforcement (5) shown in the drawing. Here, the so-called dead zone in front of the extrusion tool is used, in which the edge region of the extrusion pin swirls and jams, so that its material is smeared over the extruded profile part.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren liefert somit Strangpreßprofilteile, deren Oberflächen durch den Aluminiummatrix-Verbundwerkstoff vollständig oder an bestimmten Bereichen verschleißfest sind, wobei die Eigenschaften des tragenden Profilkerns aus der rein metallischen Legierung insbesondere seine mechanischen Eigenschaften dem Endprodukt, d.h. dem gebildeten Profilteil erhalten bleiben.The method according to the invention thus provides extruded profile parts, the surfaces of which are completely or wear-resistant in certain areas due to the aluminum matrix composite material, the properties of the load-bearing profile core made of the purely metallic alloy, in particular its mechanical properties, to the end product, i.e. the profile part formed are retained.
Das Strangpressen des Stranggpreßbolzens aus den wenigstens zwei Werkstoffen, die den Kern und den wenigstens einen Verbundkörper bilden, erfolgt direkt oder indirekt. Die geometrische Form dieses Verbunds richtet sich nach der Strangpreßtechnik, der Werkzeugart und -form, der Fließfähigkeit der Werkstoffe und der gewünschten geometrischen Form der Oberflächenbereiche, die die gewünschten Eigenschaften zeigen.The extrusion of the extrusion bolt from the at least two materials that form the core and the at least one composite body takes place directly or indirectly. The geometric shape of this composite depends on the extrusion technology, the type and shape of the tool, the flowability of the materials and the desired geometric shape of the surface areas, which have the desired properties demonstrate.
Die erzielbaren Schichtdicken sind dabei unbegrenzt und können den gesamten Querschnitt erfassen oder nur 1/10 mm stark sein. Die Oberflächenschichten können entlang des Umfanges eines Profils auch von 0 bis 100 % des Querschnitts variieren.The achievable layer thicknesses are unlimited and can cover the entire cross-section or only 1/10 mm thick. The surface layers can also vary from 0 to 100% of the cross section along the circumference of a profile.
Da die Oberflächen- oder Verstärkungsschicht aus einem dem Werkstoff des Kernes angepaßten metallischen Matrix-Verbundwerksttoff mit dem Kern während des Strangpreßvorganges verschweißen, können mechanische Spannungen an der Grenzfläche abgebaut werden und kann somit ein Abplatzen der Oberflächenschicht bei einer mechanischen und/oder thermischen Belastung vermieden werden. Das Material der Oberflächenschicht liefert darüberhinaus eine ausreichende Duktilität für eine weitere Verformung oder Schlagbeanspruchung des Profilteils.Since the surface or reinforcement layer made of a metallic matrix composite material adapted to the material of the core welds to the core during the extrusion process, mechanical stresses at the interface can be reduced and chipping of the surface layer under mechanical and / or thermal stress can thus be avoided . The material of the surface layer also provides sufficient ductility for further deformation or impact stress on the profile part.
Wie es in der Zeichnung dargestellt ist, kann die Oberflächenschicht bei Hohlkammerprofilen sowohl innen als auch außen angebracht werden. Sie erhöht die Verschleißfestigkeit gegenüber allen Materialien, vermindert lokal die Wärmeausdehnung (je nach Schichtstärke) und erhöht die Steifigkeit des Profils, insbesondere, wenn sie an der Außenseite angebracht ist. Weiterhin wird der Rißfortschritt durch die Verstärkungsschicht verzögert.As shown in the drawing, the surface layer of hollow chamber profiles can be applied both inside and outside. It increases the wear resistance to all materials, locally reduces the thermal expansion (depending on the layer thickness) and increases the stiffness of the profile, especially if it is attached to the outside. Furthermore, the crack propagation is delayed by the reinforcement layer.
Wie es weiterhin im einzelnen in der Zeichnung dargestellt ist, können ein oder mehrere Verbundkörper in den Bolzenkern des Verbundstrangpreßbolzens eingebettet sein. Je nach Form des zu erzielenden Profilteils und der daran vorgesehenen Oberflächen- oder Verstärkungsschicht kann der Verbundkörper über einen vorderen Teil in Axialrichtung, beispielsweise mit einer abschließenden Stirnscheibe vorgesehen sein; wie es bei den von oben ersten beiden Beispielen in der Zeichnung der Fall ist, können mehrere ringförmige Verbundkörper zur Bildung von Innen- und Außenschichten bei Hohlprofilteilen vorgesehen sein, wie es beim dritten Beispiel von oben der Fall ist, kann ein achszentraler Verbundkörper koaxial über eine bestimmte Strecke zur Bildung eines innen verstärkten Hohlprofils in den Bolzenkern eingebettet sein, wie es beim vierten Beispiel von oben der Fall ist, oder können ein oder mehrere Verbundkörper über bestimmte Strecken in axialer Richtung über einen bestimmten Bereich des Querschnittes des Verbundstrangpreßbolzens vorgesehen sein, wie es bei den beiden letzten Beispielen der Fall ist.As is also shown in detail in the drawing, one or more composite bodies can be embedded in the bolt core of the composite extrusion bolt. Depending on the shape of the profile part to be achieved and the surface or reinforcement layer provided thereon, the composite body can be provided via a front part in the axial direction, for example with a final end plate; As is the case with the first two examples in the drawing from above, several annular composite bodies can be provided for forming inner and outer layers in hollow profile parts, as is the case with the third Example from above, an axially central composite body can be embedded coaxially over a certain distance to form an internally reinforced hollow profile in the bolt core, as is the case with the fourth example from above, or one or more composite bodies over certain distances in axial direction Direction over a certain area of the cross section of the composite extrusion pin can be provided, as is the case with the last two examples.
Da bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren das Material des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers an der Oberfläche der gebildeten Strangpreßprofilteile liegt und für Metallmatrix-Verbundkörper Materialien gewählt werden können, die einen niedrigeren Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten als das reine Metall oder Legierungsmaterial des monolithischen Metallkörpers haben, kann erreicht werden, daß der Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizient des Oberflächenbereiches der Strangpreßprofilteile beispielsweise dem Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten von Stahl nahekommt. Das ist dann von Vorteil, wenn die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Strangpreßprofilteile mit Stahlteilen verbunden werden sollen oder wenn durch die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Strangpreßprofilteile Stahlteile in Konstruktionen ersetzt werden sollen. Das ist insofern vorteilhaft, als die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Strangpreßprofilteile ein geringeres Gewicht als Stahlteile haben.Since in the method according to the invention the material of the metal matrix composite body lies on the surface of the extruded profile parts formed and materials can be selected for metal matrix composite bodies which have a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the pure metal or alloy material of the monolithic metal body, the thermal expansion coefficient can be achieved the surface area of the extruded profile parts, for example, approximates the coefficient of thermal expansion of steel. This is advantageous if the extruded profile parts produced by the method according to the invention are to be connected to steel parts or if steel parts are to be replaced in constructions by the extruded profile parts produced by the method according to the invention. This is advantageous in that the extruded profile parts produced by the method according to the invention have a lower weight than steel parts.
Die Materialien des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers sind jedoch spröder als reine Metalle oder Legierungen. Sie neigen zu Rißeinleitungen (Materialermüdung, Spannungsrißkorosion usw.). Dieser Gefahr kann dadurch begegnet werden, daß nach dem Strangpressen eine Wärmebehandlung erfolgt, indem die stranggepreßten Profilteile warm ausgelagert, d.h. beispielsweise einer Wärmebehandlung auf eine Temperatur von 175°C oder mehr über einen Zeitraum von Stunden unterworfen werden, so daß sie von inneren Spannungen befreit werden, und dann sehr schnell abgekühlt - beispielsweise abgeschreckt werden.However, the materials of the metal matrix composite body are more brittle than pure metals or alloys. They tend to initiate cracks (material fatigue, stress corrosion cracking, etc.). This danger can be countered by carrying out a heat treatment after the extrusion, in which the extruded profile parts are exposed to heat, that is, for example, subjected to a heat treatment to a temperature of 175 ° C. or more over a period of hours, so that they are relieved of internal stresses will, and then cooled very quickly - for example, being quenched.
Da der Metallkern aus dem monolithischen Metallkörper einen höheren Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten als die Oberflächenschicht oder Randschicht aus dem Material des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers hat, wird sich der Metallkern beim Abkühlen in Richtung der Längsachse des Strangpreßprofilteils stärker zusammenziehen wollen, als es die Oberflächenschicht aus dem Material des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers zuläßt. Das hat zur Folge, daß die Oberflächenschicht aus dem Material des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers unter eine Druckspannung, d.h. eine Druckvorspannung kommt, während der Kern aus dem Material des monolithischen Metallkörpers unter eine entsprechende Zugspannung (Zugvorspannung) gerät.Since the metal core made of the monolithic metal body has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the surface layer or edge layer made of the material of the metal matrix composite body, the metal core will want to contract more when cooling in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the extruded profile part than the surface layer made of the material of the metal matrix. Allows composite body. This has the consequence that the surface layer made of the material of the metal matrix composite body under a compressive stress, i.e. a compressive preload comes while the core made of the material of the monolithic metal body comes under a corresponding tensile stress (tensile preload).
Da Rißbildungen bevorzugt an der Oberfläche beginnen und durch Zugspannungen beschleunigt werden, wird durch die an der Oberflächenschicht liegende Druckspannung die Gefahr der Rißbildung stark verringert. Eine am Strangpreßprofilteil nach der obigen Wärmebehandlung in Längsrichtung anliegende Zugkraft führt daher nur dann zu einer Zugspannung an der Oberflächenschicht aus dem Material des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers, wenn sie genügend groß ist, um die an diesem Teil liegende Druckvorspannung abzubauen.Since crack formation preferably begins on the surface and is accelerated by tensile stresses, the risk of crack formation is greatly reduced by the compressive stress lying on the surface layer. A tensile force applied to the extruded profile part after the above heat treatment in the longitudinal direction therefore only leads to a tensile stress on the surface layer made of the material of the metal matrix composite body if it is sufficiently large to reduce the compressive prestress lying on this part.
Durch eine geeignete Wahl der Zusammensetzung und der Wärmebehandlung, d.h. des Auslagerungsverfahrens kann die Neigung zur Rißbildung sogar soweit verringert werden, daß sie geringer als bei reinen Legierungen ist. Diese Wirkung wird um so deutlicher, je dünner die Oberflächenschicht aus dem Material des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers im Verhältnis zum monolithischen Metallkern gewählt wird.By an appropriate choice of composition and heat treatment, i.e. In the aging process, the tendency to form cracks can even be reduced to such an extent that it is less than with pure alloys. This effect becomes clearer the thinner the surface layer selected from the material of the metal matrix composite body in relation to the monolithic metal core.
Ein Stab mit einer Querschnittsfläche des Metallkerns von 90 mm² aus einer Legierung AA 6061 (Aluminium Association Norm USA) und einer Querschnittsfläche von 10 mm² einer Oberflächenschicht aus einem Aluminiummatrix-Verbundkörper mit Siliziumkarbid (SiC) und Aluminiumoxid Al₂O₃ wurde so ausgelagert, daß er bei 175°C frei von inneren Spannungen ist, und dann sehr schnell auf 20°C abgekühlt. Um die Druckvorspannung der Oberflächenschicht aus dem Material des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers in Längsrichtung des Stabes abzubauen, war eine Zugkraft in Längsrichtung von 7300 N aufzubringen.A rod with a cross-sectional area of the metal core of 90 mm² made of an alloy AA 6061 (Aluminum Association Norm USA) and a cross-sectional area of 10 mm² one Surface layer made of an aluminum matrix composite body with silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxide Al₂O₃ was outsourced so that it is free of internal stresses at 175 ° C, and then cooled very quickly to 20 ° C. In order to reduce the compressive prestress of the surface layer from the material of the metal matrix composite body in the longitudinal direction of the rod, a tensile force of 7300 N had to be applied.
Das heißt, daß in der Oberflächenschicht aus dem Material des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers eines Stabes mit einer Querschnittsfläche von nur einem cm² nur dann Zugspannungen wirksam werden, wenn der Stab mit einer Zugkraft von 7300 N bei 20°C beansprucht wird. Ohne äußere Kräfte beträgt die Zugvorspannung im Metallkern 10,6 N pro mm² und die Druckvorspannung in der Oberflächenschicht aus dem Material des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers 95,6 N pro mm².This means that tensile stresses are only effective in the surface layer made of the material of the metal matrix composite body of a rod with a cross-sectional area of only one cm 2 when the rod is subjected to a tensile force of 7300 N at 20 ° C. Without external forces, the tensile prestress in the metal core is 10.6 N per mm² and the compressive prestress in the surface layer made of the material of the metal matrix composite body is 95.6 N per mm².
Als Legierungsmaterial AA 6061 für den Metallkern und als Material für den Metallmatarix-Verbundkörper können Materialien gewählt werden, deren Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizient bei 22x10⁻⁶°K⁻¹ bis 23x10⁻⁶°K⁻¹ für das Metallmaterial und 16x10⁻⁶°K⁻¹ bis 19x10⁻⁶°K⁻¹ liegt. Bei dem obigen Beispiel betrug der Wärmeausdehungskoeffizient des Metallmaterials 23x10⁻⁶°K⁻¹ und der des Materials des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers 19,5x10⁻⁶°K⁻¹. Der Elastizitätsmodul des Legierungsmaterials lag bei 70 kN pro mm² und des Materials des Metallmatrix-Verbundkörpers bei 95 kN pro mm².Materials can be selected as alloy material AA 6061 for the metal core and as material for the metal matrix composite body, whose temperature expansion coefficient at 22x10 bei ° K⁻¹ to 23x10⁻⁶ ° K⁻¹ for the metal material and 16x10⁻⁶ ° K⁻¹ bis 19x10⁻⁶ ° K⁻¹ lies. In the above example, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal material was 23x10⁻⁶ ° K⁻¹ and that of the material of the metal matrix composite body was 19.5x10⁻⁶ ° K⁻¹. The modulus of elasticity of the alloy material was 70 kN per mm² and the material of the metal matrix composite body was 95 kN per mm².
Die Auslagerungstemperatur betrug 175°C, die Auslagerungszeit 2 bis 30 h. Die Abkühlung erfolgte mit Wasser oder mit Hilfe eines Gebläses auf 20°C in kurzer Zeit, die gemessene Druckspannung an der Oberfläche betrug 50 bis 150 MPa.The aging temperature was 175 ° C, the aging time 2 to 30 h. The cooling was carried out with water or with the aid of a blower to 20 ° C. in a short time, the measured compressive stress on the surface was 50 to 150 MPa.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren können serienmäßig Verbundstrangpreßprofilteile ohne zusätzliche nachträgliche Beschichtung und damit kostengünstig hergestellt werden. Die hohe Verschleißfestigkeit in Verbindung mit den leichten Werkstoffen des Kernes der Profile verlängert deren Einsatzdauer und vermindert deren bewegliche Masse und somit den Energieverbrauch beim bestimmungsgemäßen Einsatz. Durch die mechanischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften der Metallmatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe der Verstärkungs- oder Oberflächenschichten wird das Eigenschaftsprofil der gebildeten Strangpreßprofilteile verbessert.By means of the method according to the invention, composite extruded profile parts can be produced in series without additional subsequent coating and thus inexpensively. The high wear resistance in connection with the light materials of the core of the profiles extends their service life and reduces their movable mass and thus the energy consumption when used as intended. The mechanical and physical properties of the metal matrix composites of the reinforcement or surface layers improve the property profile of the extruded profile parts formed.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4111509A DE4111509A1 (en) | 1991-04-09 | 1991-04-09 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING EXTRUDED PROFILE PARTS |
| DE4111509 | 1991-04-09 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0508434A1 true EP0508434A1 (en) | 1992-10-14 |
| EP0508434B1 EP0508434B1 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
Family
ID=6429174
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92106183A Revoked EP0508434B1 (en) | 1991-04-09 | 1992-04-09 | Method of making extruded profiles |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0508434B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4111509A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0901939A3 (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 1999-04-21 | DaimlerChrysler AG | Tipper floor |
| FR2876924A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-04-28 | Pechiney Rhenalu Sa | MONOLITHIC AND BI-FUNCTIONAL FILE STRUCTURE ELEMENT |
| EP1745868A1 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-01-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Extruded hollow aluminium alloy panel and method for producing the same |
| WO2007070731A1 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2007-06-21 | Alcoa Inc. | A multi-alloy monolithic extruded structural member and method of producing thereof |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19532252C2 (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1999-12-02 | Erbsloeh Ag | Method of manufacturing bushings |
| DE19532244C2 (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1998-07-02 | Peak Werkstoff Gmbh | Process for the production of thin-walled tubes (I) |
| DE102006052644A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2007-09-27 | Audi Ag | Process for production of an automobile body parts involving extrusion of bolts in different graded materials are extruded after their formation |
| DE102009032435B4 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2012-08-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method and apparatus for making a cross-flow molded composite and cross-flow molded composite |
| CN113025840B (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-12-24 | 南昌航空大学 | Carbon material-aluminum matrix composite material with good interface bonding and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1527783A1 (en) * | 1966-01-03 | 1970-04-09 | E Duerrwaechter Doduco Kg Dr | Method of extrusion, blocks and dies composed of different metals and / or composite materials in layers for performing the method |
| FR2392738A1 (en) * | 1977-06-02 | 1978-12-29 | Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag | MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF EXTRUDED PLATE PRODUCTS |
| EP0105112A1 (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1984-04-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for the manufacture of compound blanks |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1014063B (en) * | 1952-10-01 | 1957-08-22 | Comptoir Ind Etirage | Hot pressing process for the production of multilayer metal rods or pipes |
| DE1783110B1 (en) * | 1966-01-03 | 1971-03-18 | Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco | DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING TWO-LAYER SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS BY EXTRUSION OF A POWDER METALLURGIC BLOCK |
-
1991
- 1991-04-09 DE DE4111509A patent/DE4111509A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1992
- 1992-04-09 EP EP92106183A patent/EP0508434B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1992-04-09 DE DE59203165T patent/DE59203165D1/en not_active Revoked
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1527783A1 (en) * | 1966-01-03 | 1970-04-09 | E Duerrwaechter Doduco Kg Dr | Method of extrusion, blocks and dies composed of different metals and / or composite materials in layers for performing the method |
| FR2392738A1 (en) * | 1977-06-02 | 1978-12-29 | Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag | MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF EXTRUDED PLATE PRODUCTS |
| EP0105112A1 (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1984-04-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for the manufacture of compound blanks |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0901939A3 (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 1999-04-21 | DaimlerChrysler AG | Tipper floor |
| FR2876924A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-04-28 | Pechiney Rhenalu Sa | MONOLITHIC AND BI-FUNCTIONAL FILE STRUCTURE ELEMENT |
| WO2006045952A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-05-04 | Alcan Rhenalu | Fine structural bi-functional monolithic element |
| JP2008517829A (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2008-05-29 | アルカン レナリュ | Bifunctional monolithic extruded structural material |
| US7862903B2 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2011-01-04 | Alcan Rhenalu | Monolithic and bi-functional extruded structural element |
| EP1745868A1 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-01-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Extruded hollow aluminium alloy panel and method for producing the same |
| US7669384B2 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2010-03-02 | Kobe Steel, Ltd. | Extruded hollow aluminum alloy panel and method for producing the same |
| WO2007070731A1 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2007-06-21 | Alcoa Inc. | A multi-alloy monolithic extruded structural member and method of producing thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0508434B1 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
| DE59203165D1 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
| DE4111509A1 (en) | 1992-10-15 |
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