EP0503309A1 - Method for accelerated freezing of soil - Google Patents
Method for accelerated freezing of soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0503309A1 EP0503309A1 EP92102488A EP92102488A EP0503309A1 EP 0503309 A1 EP0503309 A1 EP 0503309A1 EP 92102488 A EP92102488 A EP 92102488A EP 92102488 A EP92102488 A EP 92102488A EP 0503309 A1 EP0503309 A1 EP 0503309A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- freezing
- water
- soil
- earth
- frozen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
- E21D1/10—Preparation of the ground
- E21D1/12—Preparation of the ground by freezing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/02—Restraining of open water
- E02D19/04—Restraining of open water by coffer-dams, e.g. made of sheet piles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for accelerated freezing of soil according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the soil around the objects is consolidated as a construction measure by freezing.
- the freezing volume and duration of the freezing measures determine which freezing technique is preferred.
- conventional freezing technology which works according to the refrigerator principle with a closed refrigeration cycle
- freezing technology which uses a low-boiling, liquefied gas, usually nitrogen, as the refrigerant is working. Freezing lances are used to introduce the refrigerant and are arranged in the soil in the desired profile to be frozen.
- DE-OS 21 56 420 shows a corresponding prior art.
- the freezing work is integrated into the ongoing construction work and thus has an influence on the overall construction schedule.
- follow-up works can only be carried out when the freezing work has at least largely been completed. Delays in the freezing work lead to delays or even downtimes in the subsequent plants. This leads to considerable cost increases.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a method which enables accelerated freezing of soil.
- the invention is therefore based on the idea of pumping out the water present in the ground to be frozen, cooling it down to preferably close to 0 ° C. by means of a coolant and introducing it back into the ground.
- the technology required for this is known per se from groundwater treatment, reference is made, for example, to DE-PS 19 45 605.
- the water is conducted in a cycle through the soil to be frozen and also gradually cools it to a lower temperature so that subsequent freezing operations can be carried out more quickly.
- the cooling of the water according to the invention can be carried out both before and during freezing work that is already in progress.
- the nitrogen off-gas coming from the freezing lances can be used for water cooling. In this way, the sensitive cold content of the nitrogen gas can be optimally used.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out not only with water standing in the freezer field, but also with strong groundwater movements. If such groundwater movements are present in the freezer area, the groundwater on the side flowing towards the freezer field is removed, cooled and injected again. In this way, higher groundwater velocities can be mastered, especially when freezing with liquid nitrogen.
- a prerequisite for successful freezing of the ground is that the freezing ground has a sufficient water content, which in the frozen state gives the soil the actual strength. If the water content is too low for icing, the freezing ground is deliberately enriched with water by means of damming and sprinkling technology.
- frost body 1 In the soil to be frozen is dashed Lines a frost body 1 shown, which fills the profile to be frozen. In the frost body 1 there are a large number of freezing lances 2 which are charged with refrigerant, namely liquid nitrogen. The excavation cross section 3 is not frozen in this case.
- water is withdrawn from the ground to be frozen by a delivery well 4, cooled in the heat exchanger 6 to a temperature close to 0 ° C. and returned to the ground by swallowing well 5.
- the water flows are shown by arrows not marked.
- Liquid nitrogen is used as the coolant, which is removed from the store 7 and fed to the heat exchanger 6.
- the nitrogen exhaust gas originating from the freezing lances 2 can also be used as a coolant in the heat exchanger 6.
- Part of the cooled water is not returned to the ground through the swallowing well 5, but through the sprinkler system 8.
- a barrier well 9 is also shown, through which groundwater is withdrawn, which originates from a groundwater flow in the direction of the soil to be frozen. This groundwater flow is indicated by arrows 10.
- the groundwater taken through the barrier well 9 can also be cooled and reintroduced into the soil to be frozen.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum beschleunigten Gefrieren von Erdreich nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for accelerated freezing of soil according to the preamble of
Um Schacht-, Gruben- und Tunnelbauwerke in ihrer Entstehungsphase vor Erd- und Wassereinbrüchen zu schützen, wird das Erdreich im Umfeld der Objekte als Bauhilfsmaßnahme durch Gefrieren verfestigt. Im wesentlichen entscheiden Gefriervolumen und Dauer der Gefriermaßnahmen darüber, welche Gefriertechnik den Vorzug erhält. Unterschieden wird hierbei zwischen der konventionellen Gefriertechnik, die gemäß dem Kühlschrankprinzip mit einem geschlossenen Kältekreislauf arbeitet und einer Gefriertechnik, die mit einem tiefsiedenden, verflüssigtem Gas, in der Regel Stickstoff, als Kältemittel arbeitet. Zum Einleiten des Kältemittels dienen Gefrierlanzen, die in dem gewünschten, zu gefrierenden Profil im Erdreich angeordnet werden. Einen entsprechenden Stand der Technik zeigt beispielsweise die DE-OS 21 56 420.In order to protect shaft, mine and tunnel structures from earth and water ingress during their construction phase, the soil around the objects is consolidated as a construction measure by freezing. In essence, the freezing volume and duration of the freezing measures determine which freezing technique is preferred. A distinction is made between conventional freezing technology, which works according to the refrigerator principle with a closed refrigeration cycle, and freezing technology, which uses a low-boiling, liquefied gas, usually nitrogen, as the refrigerant is working. Freezing lances are used to introduce the refrigerant and are arranged in the soil in the desired profile to be frozen. DE-OS 21 56 420 shows a corresponding prior art.
Vielfach sind die Gefrierarbeiten in den laufenden Baubetrieb integriert und nehmen somit Einfluß auf den gesamten Bauzeitenplan. Folgegewerke lassen sich in diesem Fall erst dann ausführen, wenn die Gefrierarbeiten zumindest weitgehend abgeschlossen sind. Verzögerungen bei den Gefrierarbeiten führen somit zu Verzögerungen oder sogar Betriebsstillständen bei den Folgegewerken. Dies führt zu beträchtlichen Kostensteigerungen.In many cases, the freezing work is integrated into the ongoing construction work and thus has an influence on the overall construction schedule. In this case, follow-up works can only be carried out when the freezing work has at least largely been completed. Delays in the freezing work lead to delays or even downtimes in the subsequent plants. This leads to considerable cost increases.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, welches ein beschleunigtes Gefrieren von Erdreich ermöglicht.The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a method which enables accelerated freezing of soil.
Ausgehend von dem im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 berücksichtigten Stand der Technik ist diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß gelöst mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.Starting from the prior art taken into account in the preamble of
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung beruht demnach auf dem Gedanken, das im zu gefrierenden Erdreich vorhandene Wasser herauszupumpen, durch ein Kühlmittel bis vorzugsweise nahe 0°C abzukühlen und in das Erdreich wieder einzuführen. Die hierzu erforderliche Technik ist an sich aus der Grundwasseraufbereitung bekannt, verwiesen sei beispielsweise auf die DE-PS 19 45 605. Das Wasser wird hierbei im Kreislauf durch das zu gefrierende Erdreich geleitet und kühlt dieses auch allmählich auf niedrigere Temperatur ab, so daß die nachfolgenden Gefrierarbeiten schneller durchgeführt werden können. Die erfindungsgemäße Abkühlung des Wassers kann sowohl vor auch als während bereits laufender Gefrierarbeiten durchgeführt werden.The invention is therefore based on the idea of pumping out the water present in the ground to be frozen, cooling it down to preferably close to 0 ° C. by means of a coolant and introducing it back into the ground. The technology required for this is known per se from groundwater treatment, reference is made, for example, to DE-PS 19 45 605. The water is conducted in a cycle through the soil to be frozen and also gradually cools it to a lower temperature so that subsequent freezing operations can be carried out more quickly. The cooling of the water according to the invention can be carried out both before and during freezing work that is already in progress.
Sofern die eigentliche Bodenvereisung mit flüssigem Stickstoff erfolgt, kann das aus den Gefrierlanzen stammende Stickstoffabgas für die Wasserkühlung eingesetzt werden. Auf diese Weise kann der sensitive Kälteinhalt des Stickstoffgases optimal genutzt werden.If the actual ground freezing takes place with liquid nitrogen, the nitrogen off-gas coming from the freezing lances can be used for water cooling. In this way, the sensitive cold content of the nitrogen gas can be optimally used.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich nicht nur bei im Gefrierfeld stehendem Wasser ausüben, sondern auch bei starken Grundwasserbewegungen. Sofern derartige Grundwasserbewegungen im Gefrierbereich vorhanden sind, wird das Grundwasser auf der zum Gefrierfeld hinströmenden Seite entnommen, abgekühlt und wieder injiziert. Auf diese Weise lassen sich, vor allem beim Gefrieren mit flüssigem Stickstoff, auch höhere Grundwassergeschwindigkeiten beherrschen.The method according to the invention can be carried out not only with water standing in the freezer field, but also with strong groundwater movements. If such groundwater movements are present in the freezer area, the groundwater on the side flowing towards the freezer field is removed, cooled and injected again. In this way, higher groundwater velocities can be mastered, especially when freezing with liquid nitrogen.
Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Bodenvereisung ist, daß der Gefriergrund über einen ausreichenden Wassergehalt verfügt, der im gefrorenen Zustand dem Erdreich die eigentliche Festigkeit gibt. Sofern der Wassergehalt für eine Vereisung zu niedrig ist, wird der Gefriergrund durch Stau- und Berieselungstechnik bewußt mit Wasser angereichert.A prerequisite for successful freezing of the ground is that the freezing ground has a sufficient water content, which in the frozen state gives the soil the actual strength. If the water content is too low for icing, the freezing ground is deliberately enriched with water by means of damming and sprinkling technology.
Die Zeichnung veranschaulicht ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in schematischer Form.The drawing illustrates an embodiment of the invention in schematic form.
In dem zu gefrierenden Erdreich ist mit gestrichelten Linien ein Frostkörper 1 dargestellt, welcher das einzugefrierende Profil ausfüllt. In dem Frostkörper 1 findet sich eine Vielzahl von Gefrierlanzen 2, welche mit Kältemittel, nämlich flüssigen Stickstoff, beaufschlagt werden. Der Ausbruchquerschnitt 3 wird hierbei nicht gefroren.In the soil to be frozen is dashed Lines a
Erfindungsgemäß wird dem zu gefrierenden Erdreich Wasser durch einen Förderbrunnen 4 entzogen, im Wärmeaustauscher 6 auf eine Temperatur nahe 0°C abgekühlt und durch Schluckbrunnen 5 wieder in das Erdreich zurückgeführt. Die Wasserströme sind durch nicht gekennzeichnete Pfeile dargestellt. Als Kühlmittel dient flüssiger Stickstoff, der dem Speicher 7 entnommen und dem Wärmeaustauscher 6 zugeführt wird. Es kann aber auch das aus den Gefrierlanzen 2 stammende Stickstoffabgas als Kühlmittel im Wärmeaustauscher 6 verwendet werden. Ein Teil des abgekühlten Wassers wird nicht durch die Schluckbrunnen 5, sondern durch die Berieselungsanlage 8 in das Erdreich zurückgeleitet. Es ist ferner ein Sperrbrunnen 9 dargestellt, durch welchen Grundwasser entnommen wird, welches aus einer Grundwasserströmung in Richtung des zu gefrierenden Erdreiches stammt. Diese Grundwasserströmung ist durch Pfeile 10 angedeutet. Bei sehr starken Grundwasserströmungen kann erfindungsgemäß jedoch auch das durch den Sperrbrunnen 9 entnommene Grundwasser abgekühlt und in das zu gefrierende Erdreich wieder eingeleitet werden.According to the invention, water is withdrawn from the ground to be frozen by a delivery well 4, cooled in the
Claims (3)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß dem Erdreich vor oder während des Gefrierens Wasser durch Förderbrunnen (4) entzogen, dieses Wasser durch Wärmeaustausch mit einem Kühlmittel abgekühlt und durch Schluckbrunnen (5) dem Erdreich wieder zugeführt wird.Process for accelerated freezing of soil, in which the soil is frozen in the desired profile (1) by means of freezing lances (2) driven into the same and subjected to refrigerant,
characterized,
that water is withdrawn from the soil before or during freezing through production wells (4), this water is cooled by heat exchange with a coolant and is returned to the earth through swallowing wells (5).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Wasser auf eine Temperatur nahe 0°C abgekühlt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the water is cooled to a temperature close to 0 ° C.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Erdreich mit flüssigem Stickstoff gefroren und der hierbei verdampfte Stickstoff als Kühlmittel zum Abkühlen des Wassers dient.Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the ground is frozen with liquid nitrogen and the nitrogen evaporated serves as a coolant for cooling the water.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914107455 DE4107455A1 (en) | 1991-03-08 | 1991-03-08 | METHOD FOR THE ACCELERATED FREEZING OF EARTH |
| DE4107455 | 1991-03-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0503309A1 true EP0503309A1 (en) | 1992-09-16 |
Family
ID=6426784
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92102488A Withdrawn EP0503309A1 (en) | 1991-03-08 | 1992-02-14 | Method for accelerated freezing of soil |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0503309A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4107455A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104453910B (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2016-08-17 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Freezing pipe device under a kind of tiltedly freezing hole |
| CN105857658A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-08-17 | 天津大学 | Cofferdam sandbag blow-filling flow-dividing controller with regulation function and use method thereof |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102777185A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-11-14 | 张晓岩 | Inclined well shaft construction technology |
| CN108331584B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-11-15 | 上海建工集团股份有限公司 | Earthwork digging method under a kind of pipe curtain |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE204162C (en) * | ||||
| DE1945605A1 (en) * | 1969-02-13 | 1970-09-03 | Yrjoe Reijonen & Veli Reijonen | Method and device for purifying water from a groundwater well |
| FR2113980A1 (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1972-06-30 | Union Carbide Canada Ltd |
-
1991
- 1991-03-08 DE DE19914107455 patent/DE4107455A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-02-14 EP EP92102488A patent/EP0503309A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE204162C (en) * | ||||
| DE1945605A1 (en) * | 1969-02-13 | 1970-09-03 | Yrjoe Reijonen & Veli Reijonen | Method and device for purifying water from a groundwater well |
| FR2113980A1 (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1972-06-30 | Union Carbide Canada Ltd |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104453910B (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2016-08-17 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Freezing pipe device under a kind of tiltedly freezing hole |
| CN105857658A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-08-17 | 天津大学 | Cofferdam sandbag blow-filling flow-dividing controller with regulation function and use method thereof |
| CN105857658B (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2017-12-12 | 天津大学 | Cofferdam sand pocket hydraulic reclamation shunt controller and its application method with adjusting function |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4107455A1 (en) | 1992-09-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK FR GB LI NL |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19921022 |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19941124 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19950624 |