EP0501883A1 - Screwdriver with flat blade and retractable guiding device - Google Patents

Screwdriver with flat blade and retractable guiding device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0501883A1
EP0501883A1 EP92400497A EP92400497A EP0501883A1 EP 0501883 A1 EP0501883 A1 EP 0501883A1 EP 92400497 A EP92400497 A EP 92400497A EP 92400497 A EP92400497 A EP 92400497A EP 0501883 A1 EP0501883 A1 EP 0501883A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
ring
screwdriver
guide
handle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92400497A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0501883B1 (en
Inventor
Henri Bobillo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0501883A1 publication Critical patent/EP0501883A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0501883B1 publication Critical patent/EP0501883B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/005—Screw guiding means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/02—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts
    • B25B23/08—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation
    • B25B23/10—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation using mechanical gripping means
    • B25B23/101—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation using mechanical gripping means for hand-driven screw-drivers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flat head screwdriver.
  • a screwdriver for screwing or unscrewing
  • the risk of slipping of the flat head previously engaged in the screw is present. This will then require the reintroduction of the flat head into the slot, provided for this purpose on the top of the screw. Any slipping of the flat head could also cause injury to the user.
  • the object of the present invention is to prevent any possible sliding of the flat head and therefore any possibility of injury.
  • the screwdriver according to the invention having a handle 1, a blade 2 around which is mounted a tubular guide 6 having an internal shoulder 9 brought into pressure against a stop 5 of the blade by the effect of the thrust exerted by an elastic member 4 mounted in compression around the blade between said guide and a ring 3 mounted on the blade 2 is essentially characterized in that said ring 3 is slidably mounted with friction on the blade 2 and that the intensity of the friction forces between the ring 3 and the blade 2 is greater than the intensity of the thrust force exerted by the elastic member 4 on said ring 3.
  • the withdrawal of the retractable guide mechanism will convert the screwdriver according to the invention into the usual screwdriver.
  • the removable handle 1 of the screwdriver will be molded plastic which will facilitate its manufacture.
  • the screwing head may adopt a cruciform shape or any other shape.
  • the retractable guide mechanism consists of a guide tubular 6 slidably mounted on the blade, by a ring 3 mounted on the blade with spacing from the tubular guide and by an elastic member 4 such as a spring with non-contiguous turns mounted in low compression around the blade, between the tubular guide and the ring 3. This elastic member is supported both on the ring 3 and on the tubular guide 6. The ring 3 maintains the spring in position.
  • the tubular guide 6 is for example of cylindrical shape.
  • This tubular guide comprises a cylindrical envelope comprising in the upper part a transverse wall pierced right through according to its thickness of an orifice in which the blade 2 freely engages, the diameter of the blade being less than the diameter of the orifice.
  • This arrangement will give the retractable guide a certain freedom of movement between the stop 5 and the ring 3.
  • the diameter of the casing is greater than that of the stop 5 and the width of the screw head.
  • the diameter of the orifice made in the transverse wall of the envelope is less than that of the stop 5.
  • transverse wall forms in the envelope a shoulder 9 by which the tubular guide, under the effect of the thrust exerted by the spring 4, will come to bear against the stop 5.
  • the internal height of the casing is greater than the height of the screwing head measured between its lower end and the bearing face, of the guide, of the stopper 5.
  • the internal diameter of the casing is slightly greater than that of the head of the screw.
  • the guide when it is in abutment against the stop 5 comes around the screwing head and around the screw which axially maintains the screwdriver relative to the screw and prevents any lateral sliding of the screwing head 7 relative to the head of the screw.
  • the tubular guide may be made of light alloy but preferably it will be made of a material transparent to light which allows the vision of the screwing head for its engagement in the slot of the screw.
  • the ring 3 may be made of steel and be fixed by welding to the blade 2, but according to a preferred embodiment, the ring 3 is made of synthetic material and is pierced axially right through by an orifice through which it engages by sliding with friction on the blade 2.
  • the intensity of the friction forces between the ring 3 and the blade 2 are greater than the intensity of the thrust force exerted by the elastic member 4 on the said ring, whatever the degree of compression of this organ.
  • the intensity of the thrust forces exerted by the elastic member is sufficient to keep the tubular guide in abutment against the stop 5 but insufficient to move the ring 3 along the blade 2.
  • the ring 3 can be moved along the rod by the user to adjust the degree of compression of the elastic member 4.
  • the elastic member 4 is fixed by its two ends to the tubular guide 6 and to the ring 3.
  • the elastic member 4 By its corresponding end may be engaged in a radial drilling made in the said ring.
  • the elastic member can be engaged around a conical shape practiced axially at the end of said guide. This conical shape will flare ves the handle 1.
  • the manipulation of the screwdriver with retractable anti-detachment guide does not differ from that of a usual screwdriver but facilitates the screwing or unscrewing of the difficult to access screws and especially prevents the screwing head 7 from slipping off the screw.
  • the screwdriver can be made without handle, in this case, the blade can be taken in the chuck of a rotary or fixed drill.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Adjustment Of The Magnetic Head Position Track Following On Tapes (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Abstract

The subject of the present invention is a screwdriver having a blade (2) and a handle (1), characterised in that it comprises: - a stop (5) and a ring (3) on the blade, the stop (5) being towards the flat head (7), the ring (3) being towards the handle, - a tubular guide (6) mounted on the blade (2) and surmounted by a spring (4) pressing on the ring in order to hold the said guide pressed against the stop. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un tournevis à tête plate. Lors de l'usage d'un tournevis pour le vissage ou le dévissage, le risque de glissement de la tête plate préalablement engagée dans la vis est présent. Ceci nécessitera alors la réintroduction de la tête plate dans la fente, prévu à cet effet sur le dessus de la vis. Le glissement éventuel de la tête plate pourrait également provoquer une blessure à l'utilisateur.The present invention relates to a flat head screwdriver. When using a screwdriver for screwing or unscrewing, the risk of slipping of the flat head previously engaged in the screw is present. This will then require the reintroduction of the flat head into the slot, provided for this purpose on the top of the screw. Any slipping of the flat head could also cause injury to the user.

Pour ces raisons, le but de la présente invention consiste à empêcher tout glissement éventuel de la tête plate et par conséquent, toute possibilité de blessure.For these reasons, the object of the present invention is to prevent any possible sliding of the flat head and therefore any possibility of injury.

A cet effet le tournevis selon l'Invention ayant un manche 1, une lame 2 autour de laquelle est monté un guide tubulaire 6 comportant un épaulement interne 9 amené en pression contre une butée 5 de la lame par l'effet de la poussée exercée par un organe élastique 4 monté en compression autour de la lame entre le dit guide et une bague 3 montée sur la lame 2 se caractérise essentiellement en ce que la dite bague 3 est montée à coulissement avec friction sur la lame 2 et que l'intensité des forces de friction entre la bague 3 et la lame 2 est supérieure à l'intensité de l'effort de poussée exercé par l'organe élastique 4 sur la dite bague 3.For this purpose the screwdriver according to the invention having a handle 1, a blade 2 around which is mounted a tubular guide 6 having an internal shoulder 9 brought into pressure against a stop 5 of the blade by the effect of the thrust exerted by an elastic member 4 mounted in compression around the blade between said guide and a ring 3 mounted on the blade 2 is essentially characterized in that said ring 3 is slidably mounted with friction on the blade 2 and that the intensity of the friction forces between the ring 3 and the blade 2 is greater than the intensity of the thrust force exerted by the elastic member 4 on said ring 3.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et qui est accompagnée par des dessins dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente le tournevis à guide rétractable en position de travail,
  • la figure 2 représente le tournevis à guide rétractable en position de tournevis usuel.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and which is accompanied by drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents the screwdriver with retractable guide in the working position,
  • 2 shows the screwdriver with retractable guide in the usual screwdriver position.

Le tournevis selon l'invention à guide rétractable, anti-décrochement est constitué de trois parties distinctes :

  • un manche 1 qui peut être amovible,
  • une lame 2 en acier avec tête de vissage 7 la dite lame peut être fixée de manière amovible au manche 1,
  • un mécanisme de guide rétractable 8 monté autour de la lame 2.
The screwdriver according to the invention with retractable guide, anti-detachment consists of three separate parts:
  • a handle 1 which can be removable,
  • a steel blade 2 with screwing head 7 said blade can be removably attached to the handle 1,
  • a retractable guide mechanism 8 mounted around the blade 2.

Le fait que la lame et le manche soient séparables l'un de l'autre autorise le remplacement du mécanisme de guide rétractable ou son retrait, ou bien le remplacement du manche et /ou de la lame.The fact that the blade and the handle are separable from each other allows the replacement of the retractable guide mechanism or its removal, or the replacement of the handle and / or the blade.

Le retrait du mécanisme de guide rétractable permettra de convertir le tournevis selon l'invention en tournevis usuel.The withdrawal of the retractable guide mechanism will convert the screwdriver according to the invention into the usual screwdriver.

Le manche amovible 1 du tournevis sera en plastique moulé ce qui facilitera sa fabrication.The removable handle 1 of the screwdriver will be molded plastic which will facilitate its manufacture.

A titre d'exemple est représentée une lame avec tête de vissage plate mais il va de soi que la tête de vissage pourra adopter une forme cruciforme ou toute autre forme.By way of example is shown a blade with a flat screwing head, but it goes without saying that the screwing head may adopt a cruciform shape or any other shape.

Au-dessus de la tête de vissage 7 la lame 2 présente une butée 5 cylindrique usinée dans sa masse ou bien rapportée destinée à retenir le mécanisme de guide rétractable près de la tête de vissage 7. Cette butée 5 s'oppose à l'extraction du mécanisme de guide rétractable de la lame 2.
Le mécanisme de guide rétractable est constitué par un guide tubulaire 6 monté en coulissement sur la lame, par une bague 3 montée sur la lame à écartement du guide tubulaire et par un organe élastique 4 tel un ressort à spires non jointives monté en compression faible autour de la lame, entre le guide tubulaire et la bague 3. Cet organe élastique prend appui tant sur la bague 3 que sur le guide tubulaire 6. La bague 3 maintient le ressort en position.Above the screwing head 7 the blade 2 has a cylindrical stop 5 machined in its mass or else attached intended to retain the retractable guide mechanism near the screwing head 7. This stop 5 is opposed to the extraction blade retractable guide mechanism 2.
The retractable guide mechanism consists of a guide tubular 6 slidably mounted on the blade, by a ring 3 mounted on the blade with spacing from the tubular guide and by an elastic member 4 such as a spring with non-contiguous turns mounted in low compression around the blade, between the tubular guide and the ring 3. This elastic member is supported both on the ring 3 and on the tubular guide 6. The ring 3 maintains the spring in position.

Le guide tubulaire 6 est par exemple de forme cylindrique. Ce guide tubulaire comprend une enveloppe cylindrique comportant en partie supérieure une paroi transversale percée de part en part suivant son épaisseur d'un orifice dans lequel s'engage librement la lame 2, le diamètre de la lame étant inférieur au diamètre de l'orifice.The tubular guide 6 is for example of cylindrical shape. This tubular guide comprises a cylindrical envelope comprising in the upper part a transverse wall pierced right through according to its thickness of an orifice in which the blade 2 freely engages, the diameter of the blade being less than the diameter of the orifice.

Cette disposition laissera au guide rétractable une certaine liberté de mouvement comprise entre la butée 5 et la bague 3.This arrangement will give the retractable guide a certain freedom of movement between the stop 5 and the ring 3.

Le diamètre de l'enveloppe est plus important que celui de la butée 5 et que la largeur de la tête de vissage.The diameter of the casing is greater than that of the stop 5 and the width of the screw head.

De plus le diamètre de l'orifice pratiqué dans la paroi transversale de l'enveloppe est moins important que celui de la butée 5.In addition, the diameter of the orifice made in the transverse wall of the envelope is less than that of the stop 5.

On comprend donc que la paroi transversale forme dans l'enveloppe un épaulement 9 par lequel le guide tubulaire, sous l'effet de la poussée exercée par le ressort 4, viendra en appui contre la butée 5.It is therefore understood that the transverse wall forms in the envelope a shoulder 9 by which the tubular guide, under the effect of the thrust exerted by the spring 4, will come to bear against the stop 5.

La hauteur interne de l'enveloppe est plus importante que la hauteur de la tête de vissage mesurée entre son extrémité inférieure et la face d'appui, du guide, de la butée 5. En outre le diamètre interne de l'enveloppe est légérement supérieur à celui de la tête de la vis.The internal height of the casing is greater than the height of the screwing head measured between its lower end and the bearing face, of the guide, of the stopper 5. In addition, the internal diameter of the casing is slightly greater than that of the head of the screw.

Grâce à ces dispositions le guide lorsqu'il est en appui contre la butée 5 vient autour de la tête de vissage et autour de la vis ce qui maintient axialement le tournevis par rapport à la vis et empêche tout glissement latéral de la tête de vissage 7 par rapport à la tête de la vis.Thanks to these provisions, the guide when it is in abutment against the stop 5 comes around the screwing head and around the screw which axially maintains the screwdriver relative to the screw and prevents any lateral sliding of the screwing head 7 relative to the head of the screw.

Le guide tubulaire pourra être constitué en alliage léger mais préférentiellement il sera constitué en une matière transparente à la lumière ce qui permet la vision de la tête de vissage pour son engagement dans la fente de la vis.The tubular guide may be made of light alloy but preferably it will be made of a material transparent to light which allows the vision of the screwing head for its engagement in the slot of the screw.

La bague 3 peut être en acier et être fixée par soudage à la lame 2 mais selon une forme préférentielle de réalisation, la bague 3 est réalisée en matière synthétique et est percée axialement de part en part par un orifice par lequel elle s'engage par coulissement avec friction sur la lame 2.The ring 3 may be made of steel and be fixed by welding to the blade 2, but according to a preferred embodiment, the ring 3 is made of synthetic material and is pierced axially right through by an orifice through which it engages by sliding with friction on the blade 2.

Il y a lieu de noter que l'intensité des forces de friction entre la bague 3 et la lame 2 sont supérieures à l'intensité de l'effort de poussée exercée par l'organe élastique 4 sur la dite bague et ce quel que soit le degré de compression de cet organe.It should be noted that the intensity of the friction forces between the ring 3 and the blade 2 are greater than the intensity of the thrust force exerted by the elastic member 4 on the said ring, whatever the degree of compression of this organ.

On conçoit que l'intensité des efforts de poussée exercés par l'organe élastique est suffisante pour maintenir le guide tubulaire en appui contre la butée 5 mais insuffisante pour déplacer la bague 3 le long de la lame 2.It will be understood that the intensity of the thrust forces exerted by the elastic member is sufficient to keep the tubular guide in abutment against the stop 5 but insufficient to move the ring 3 along the blade 2.

Cependant la bague 3 pourra être déplacée le long de la tige par l'utilisateur pour ajuster le degré de compression de l'organe élastique 4.However, the ring 3 can be moved along the rod by the user to adjust the degree of compression of the elastic member 4.

Par déplacement de la bague 3 vers le manche du tournevis l'utilisateur pourra dégager de la tête de vissage 7 le guide tubulaire 6.By moving the ring 3 towards the handle of the screwdriver, the user can disengage the tubular guide 6 from the screwing head 7.

Selon une forme avantageuse de réalisaton, l'organe élastique 4 est fixé par ses deux extrémités au guide tubulaire 6 et à la bague 3.According to an advantageous embodiment, the elastic member 4 is fixed by its two ends to the tubular guide 6 and to the ring 3.

Cette disposition, par déplacement de la bague 3 vers le manche du tournevis permet d'écarter de la tête 7 de la lame, l'ensemble du mécanisme 8 de guide rétractable (Fig.2).This arrangement, by displacement of the ring 3 towards the handle of the screwdriver makes it possible to separate from the head 7 of the blade, the whole of the mechanism 8 of retractable guide (Fig. 2).

Pour être fixé à la bague 3 l'organe élastique 4 par son extrémité correspondante pourra être engagé dans un perçage radial pratiqué dans la dite bague.To be fixed to the ring 3, the elastic member 4 by its corresponding end may be engaged in a radial drilling made in the said ring.

Pour être fixé au guide tubulaire l'organe élastique pourra être engagé autour d'une forme conique pratiquée axialement en extrémité du dit guide. Cette forme conique s'évasera ves le manche 1.To be fixed to the tubular guide, the elastic member can be engaged around a conical shape practiced axially at the end of said guide. This conical shape will flare ves the handle 1.

La manipulation du tournevis à guide rétractable anti-décrochement ne diffère pas de celle d'un tournevis usuel mais facilite le vissage ou dévissage des vis difficiles d'accès et évite surtout que la tête de vissage 7 ne dérape de la vis.The manipulation of the screwdriver with retractable anti-detachment guide does not differ from that of a usual screwdriver but facilitates the screwing or unscrewing of the difficult to access screws and especially prevents the screwing head 7 from slipping off the screw.

Le tournevis peut être réalisé sans manche, dans ce cas, la lame peut être prise dans le mandrin d'une perceuse rotative ou fixe.The screwdriver can be made without handle, in this case, the blade can be taken in the chuck of a rotary or fixed drill.

Claims (4)

Tournevis ayant un manche (1), une lame (2) autour de laquelle est monté un guide tubulaire (6) comportant un épaulement interne (9) amené en pression contre une butée (5) de la lame par l'effet de la poussée exercée par un organe élastique (4) monté en compression autour de la lame entre le dit guide et une bague (3) montée sur la lame (2) caractérisé en ce que la dite bague (3) est montée à coulissement avec friction sur la lame (2) et que l'intensité des forces de friction entre la bague (3) et la lame (2) est supérieure à l'intensité de l'effort de poussée exercé par l'organe élastique (4) sur la dite bague (3).Screwdriver having a handle (1), a blade (2) around which is mounted a tubular guide (6) having an internal shoulder (9) brought into pressure against a stop (5) of the blade by the effect of the thrust exerted by an elastic member (4) mounted in compression around the blade between said guide and a ring (3) mounted on the blade (2) characterized in that said ring (3) is slidably mounted with friction on the blade (2) and that the intensity of the friction forces between the ring (3) and the blade (2) is greater than the intensity of the thrust force exerted by the elastic member (4) on said ring (3). Tournevis selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'organe élastique (4) est fixé par une de ses extrémités au guide tubulaire (6) et par son autre extrémité à la bague (3).Screwdriver according to claim 1 characterized in that the elastic member (4) is fixed by one of its ends to the tubular guide (6) and by its other end to the ring (3). Tournevis selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le manche (1) est amovible.Screwdriver according to claim 1 characterized in that the handle (1) is removable. Tournevis selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le guide tubulaire est en une matière transparente.Screwdriver according to claim 1 characterized in that the tubular guide is made of a transparent material.
EP92400497A 1991-03-01 1992-02-26 Screwdriver with flat blade and retractable guiding device Expired - Lifetime EP0501883B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9102773A FR2673392B1 (en) 1991-03-01 1991-03-01 SCREWDRIVER WITH FLAT HEAD AND RETRACTABLE GUIDE.
FR9102773 1991-03-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0501883A1 true EP0501883A1 (en) 1992-09-02
EP0501883B1 EP0501883B1 (en) 1996-07-10

Family

ID=9410477

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92400497A Expired - Lifetime EP0501883B1 (en) 1991-03-01 1992-02-26 Screwdriver with flat blade and retractable guiding device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0501883B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE140177T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69212018D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2673392B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5458030A (en) * 1992-11-04 1995-10-17 Betts; Geoffrey Screwdrivers

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH243414A (en) * 1945-02-15 1946-07-15 Zimmerli Adolf Device on screwdrivers.
DE1071007B (en) * 1959-12-10 Kassel Curt Starck Screwdriver with spring-loaded gripping, holding and guide sleeve
US3288185A (en) * 1965-01-15 1966-11-29 Wade Stevenson Screwdriver construction
US3604488A (en) * 1969-11-19 1971-09-14 Vermont American Corp Screwdriver attachment
DE2020904A1 (en) * 1970-04-29 1971-11-18 Armin Ruettinger Guide device for screwdriver
DE3622199A1 (en) * 1986-07-02 1988-01-07 Georg Unger Special screwdriver

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB733857A (en) * 1951-11-17 1955-07-20 Cheney & Son Ltd C Improvements in screwdrivers
GB2073638A (en) * 1980-03-11 1981-10-21 Hughes G Screwdrivers
US4800788A (en) * 1987-04-04 1989-01-31 Innovative Computer Tools, Inc. Non-slip screwdriver

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1071007B (en) * 1959-12-10 Kassel Curt Starck Screwdriver with spring-loaded gripping, holding and guide sleeve
CH243414A (en) * 1945-02-15 1946-07-15 Zimmerli Adolf Device on screwdrivers.
US3288185A (en) * 1965-01-15 1966-11-29 Wade Stevenson Screwdriver construction
US3604488A (en) * 1969-11-19 1971-09-14 Vermont American Corp Screwdriver attachment
DE2020904A1 (en) * 1970-04-29 1971-11-18 Armin Ruettinger Guide device for screwdriver
DE3622199A1 (en) * 1986-07-02 1988-01-07 Georg Unger Special screwdriver

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5458030A (en) * 1992-11-04 1995-10-17 Betts; Geoffrey Screwdrivers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2673392A1 (en) 1992-09-04
EP0501883B1 (en) 1996-07-10
DE69212018D1 (en) 1996-08-14
ATE140177T1 (en) 1996-07-15
FR2673392B1 (en) 1995-06-02

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