EP0500740A1 - Compositions fibreuses moulables absorbant de l'energie - Google Patents

Compositions fibreuses moulables absorbant de l'energie

Info

Publication number
EP0500740A1
EP0500740A1 EP90917443A EP90917443A EP0500740A1 EP 0500740 A1 EP0500740 A1 EP 0500740A1 EP 90917443 A EP90917443 A EP 90917443A EP 90917443 A EP90917443 A EP 90917443A EP 0500740 A1 EP0500740 A1 EP 0500740A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibre
composition
functional
conducting material
heat shrinkable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90917443A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Charles Edwin Kramer
Frank Anthony Ditaranto
Richard Joseph Finn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Albany International Corp
Original Assignee
Albany International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Albany International Corp filed Critical Albany International Corp
Publication of EP0500740A1 publication Critical patent/EP0500740A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
    • D04H1/06—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fibrous compositions and has particular reference to fibrous compositions having functional properties.
  • Functional layers of the fibrous compositions disclosed herein are particularly useful in absorbing energy in the microwave and radio frequency ranges.
  • a fibrous composition comprising a thermally shrinkable fibre and a substantially homogeneous content of a high temperature, electrically conducting material sufficient to impart limited conducting properties to the structure.
  • the electrically conducting material may be selected from certain conductive carbon or metallic fibres.
  • the thermally shrinkable fibre itself may be any flame resistant fibre, but is preferably a polyimide fibre such as that commercially available under the trade name "P84" supplied by Messrs. Lenzing Aktiegesellschaft of Austria.
  • the composition of the functional layer may contain, but is not limited to 0.1 to 50% by weight of conducting material.
  • the shrinkable fibre may be staple fibre and the conducting material may, in a further aspect of the invention, be carbon fibre present in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight.
  • the composition may be in the form of a paper-like sheet. These materials may be used to line, for example, a test chamber.
  • the invention further includes a fibre structure comprising a layer of a fibrous composition in accordance with the present invention and at least one layer of a batt of compatible, heat-shrinkable, fibre needled thereto to form a non-woven fibrous structure.
  • the non-woven fibrous structure may have been subjected to heat to densify the structure itself.
  • This supporting fibrous structure serves to contribute structural integrity and rigidity to the overall structure and also serves to space functional layers at certain predetermined depths.
  • it may provide a non-woven fibrous structure comprising a heat shrinkable fibre layer together with a functional material substantially homogeneously distributed through said layer with at least one layer of a compatible heat shrinkable material needled thereto and subsequently densified to encapsulate the functional material within the structure.
  • the invention further includes a method of locating a functional material within a heat shrinkable fibre structure which method comprises forming a functional fibre structure containing a substantially homogeneous distribution of said functional material therein, in the desired concentration, completing the formation of a fibre structure by surrounding or laminating the functional fibre structure with compatible fibre structures, needling the structures together to produce a unitary whole and subjecting the structure so formed, to densification by the application of heat whereby the functional structure is fixed within the densified structure per se .
  • fibre structures having a layer of a functional material located therein.
  • a particular aspect of the present invention provides for a rigidified product which may be shaped to form a structural member.
  • the structure should include a major proportion of heat shrinkable fibres, some of these fibres being disposed in discrete fibres groups, said structure being capable of heat treatment to produce a structure of increased density in which the density of the fibre groups is greater than that of the remainder of the structure.
  • the density of the structure after heat treatment is non-uniform and in particular, may have a plurality of longitudinal elements therein, each element comprising a group of said fibres oriented in a plane and densified by heat treatment.
  • the fibre structure may be a non-woven felt such as a batt layer or may comprise a series of layers of separated fibres.
  • the fibre structure when it comprises several layers of separated fibres may comprise several layers of batt material laminated together prior to shrinkage.
  • the structures also may be laminated through thermal bonding or the use of adhesives.
  • Fibres for use in the present invention are preferably polyimide fibres having the general structure:-
  • n is an integer greater than 1 and R is selected from one or more of
  • fibres are particularly useful for practising the invention in that by heat treatment, they permit the production of shaped articles of high tensile strength, high heat resistance, good flame-retardant properties and relatively low density.
  • the fibres On exposure to open flames in case of a fire, the fibres decompose with the production of gases of only very low optical density and low toxicity.
  • the fibres indicated above for use in accordance with the present invention exhibit high fibre shrinkage. This results in the generation of a considerable force during shrinkage and results in the production of cohesive bonds between individual fibres at their contact points. These cohesive bonds when formed, impart additional structural integrity, high stability and tensile strength to the shaped article.
  • the functional composite in accordance with the present invention may be shaped by holding the composite against a shaping surface and thereby subjecting the structure to heat and/or pressure. This may be carried out prior to shrinkage of the fibres or after shrinkage of the fibres.
  • the fibre structure is caused to have a number of fibres extending generally transverse to the plane of the fibre structure layer, then by conforming such a structural layer against a shaping surface and subjecting the material to a heat treatment, if the material is constrained against a forming surface or constrained against shrinkage in two dimensions, the only dimension in which the material is free to shrink is in the third dimension, namely substantially perpendicular to the plane of the structure.
  • transverse fibres are capable of almost free shrinkage thereby markedly increasing their density relative to the open fibrous web surrounding.
  • a structure has been produced which has a slightly densified surface due to any surface heating together with densified pillars or elements within the material extending substantially transverse to the surface thereof. This results in a substantial stiffening and an increase in the compressional strength of the material.
  • each structural layer may be needled from either one side or both sides either simultaneously or in succession.
  • the size of the structural element formed within the layer during the heat shrinkage step may be controlled fairly precisely by the size and nature of the needles employed in the needling operation. The more fibres that are re-oriented transverse to the plane of the material, the greater is the transverse rigidity after densification. The extent of the formation of the structural elements of pillars within the material may thus be controlled by the number of penetrations.
  • needling by increasing the density of needling, it is possible to enhance the compression modulus of the layer transverse to the plane of the fibre structure sample. Large transverse elements may be provided by employing extra large needles or a combination or large needle size and design of bar structure at an extremity thereof.
  • the invention particularly provides, therefore, a rigidified structure which may incorporate or include within it a functional layer composite in accordance with the present invention.
  • the preparation of the functional layer composite may be accomplished by first forming a paper-like sheet composed of polyimide P84 fibre and a small amount of conductive fibre such as carbon.
  • the staple length of the polyimide fibre can be any convenient length useful for wet laid, non-woven preparation.
  • the carbon or graphite fibres should be typically within the range of 0.1 to 0.5 inches, preferably 0.125 to 0.3 inches in length.
  • the composition of the paper sheet may contain 0.1 to 50% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight of carbon fibre in the functional layer.
  • the sheet may typically be made by slurrying the appropriate amount of P84 fibre and carbon fibre in distilled water and forming a sheet by standard wet laid non-woven procedure, for example, a vacuum application to a forming wire upon which the slurry is poured.
  • the carbon containing sheet is then layered between batts of shrinkable polyimide fibre and needled to form a non-woven structure.
  • the application of heat causes the non-woven structure to densify forming a rigid functional layer composite.
  • the density, rigidity and shape of the final structure can be controlled by restraining the non-woven or holding the non-woven against a shaping surface during the heat shrinking process in the manner described above.
  • Figure 1 is a photomicrograph section of a rigidified structure in accordance with the present invention having a functional layer composite therein.
  • - EXAMPLE 1 A mixture of 3.968g of 2.5mm P84 staple fibre (yarn size 1.7 dtex) and 0.032g of 0.125 inch conductive carbon fibres was slurried in approximately 10 litres of water
  • each batt comprised 2.2 dtex fibre of two inch length, the fibre being high shrinkage P84 staple fibre supplied by Messrs. Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft of Austria. Each batt weighed 7oz/yd 2 . The assembled batts and wet
  • 15 laid sheet were needled to an approximate needle density of 1000 penetrations per square inch and a thickness of approximately 0.25".
  • the needled structure was clamped between two rigid 20 metal frames with 8" x 8" square openings.
  • the resultant needled structure was given a heat treatment of one hour at 630°F in a forced convection oven. After cooling, a relatively rigid, flat panel was cut from the frames. The panel had a thickness of 0.10" and
  • the carbon fibre content of the functional layer was 0.8% by weight.
  • the photograph of Figure 1 shows a sheet structure of two layers of batt material with clear evidence of the needling and the rigidified structural element traversing a layer of dark, i.e. carbon composite material.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Une composition fibreuse comprend une structure fibreuse thermorétractable, au moins une partie de la structure ayant une teneur essentiellement homogène en matériau conducteur suffisante pour donner à la composition une conductivité limitée.
EP90917443A 1989-11-08 1990-11-06 Compositions fibreuses moulables absorbant de l'energie Withdrawn EP0500740A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US43351089A 1989-11-08 1989-11-08
US433510 1989-11-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0500740A1 true EP0500740A1 (fr) 1992-09-02

Family

ID=23720392

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90917443A Withdrawn EP0500740A1 (fr) 1989-11-08 1990-11-06 Compositions fibreuses moulables absorbant de l'energie

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0500740A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05504381A (fr)
CA (1) CA2068313A1 (fr)
IE (1) IE904008A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL96273A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991007534A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114131011B (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-08-30 西北有色金属研究院 一种金属纤维多孔吸能材料及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4375493A (en) * 1981-08-20 1983-03-01 Subtex, Inc. Refractory coated and conductive layer coated flame resistant insulating fabric composition
EP0337597B1 (fr) * 1988-04-14 1996-04-10 Albany International Corp. Fibres thermorétrécissables, et produits obtenus à partir de celles-ci
US5145732A (en) * 1989-03-01 1992-09-08 Osaka Gas Company Limited High bulk density carbon fiber felt and thermal insulator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9107534A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2068313A1 (fr) 1991-05-09
WO1991007534A1 (fr) 1991-05-30
JPH05504381A (ja) 1993-07-08
IE904008A1 (en) 1991-05-08
IL96273A0 (en) 1991-08-16

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