EP0498786B1 - Method for limiting subsidence during the excavation of underground cavities - Google Patents
Method for limiting subsidence during the excavation of underground cavities Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0498786B1 EP0498786B1 EP92890013A EP92890013A EP0498786B1 EP 0498786 B1 EP0498786 B1 EP 0498786B1 EP 92890013 A EP92890013 A EP 92890013A EP 92890013 A EP92890013 A EP 92890013A EP 0498786 B1 EP0498786 B1 EP 0498786B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- areas
- tunnel
- volume
- increase
- excavation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for limiting subsidence on the surface when producing an underground cavity, in particular a tunnel, by excavating material, such as loose rock, soil or the like.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for producing an underground, longitudinally extending cavity, in particular a tunnel, by means of which settlements or tangent inclinations of settlement depressions in the area of the terrain surface are limited to predetermined maximum values.
- This is achieved according to the invention in that an elevation is brought about in the two lateral areas, the so-called elms, even before the cavity is produced, as a result of which a mountain supporting ring is formed due to stress redistribution. In this way, when the material for cavity production breaks out, subsidence is largely reduced or limited to predetermined maximum values.
- the increases are preferably brought about by volume increases in elm areas. This can be done by material injection or by high-pressure floor mortar. Alternatively, slots can be milled in the two elm areas, which are subsequently pressed out.
- the elevation in elm areas is brought about by pretensioning the same in relation to the surface, e.g. by micropiles with foot extension.
- the planned tunnel 2 is shown below the surface 1, which is subsequently braced by a lining 3.
- the so-called elms during the excavation of the material, in particular loose rock or soil Outbreak of the material in the areas of the elms 4 increases, which are caused in particular by volume increases 5.
- a mountain support ring 6 is formed around the future tunnel 2 by means of tension bearings, which is shown schematically.
- the voids in the floor which are formed in loose floors, by pores, cracks, crevices or fissures, are completely or partially filled with injection material.
- the material to be injected is introduced into the ground through boreholes in such a way that it largely fills the air or groundwater contained in the cavities, displacing them. This leads to an improvement in the soil properties. By continuing the soil injection and the associated blasting, an increase in volume is achieved in these areas, which leads to the desired stress redistribution.
- the loose rock is cut out of a water jet or a water / air mixture after a hole has been drilled and released.
- the loosened soil is mixed with a suspension of cement or bentonite cement in such a way that a homogeneous floor mortar in column or disc form is formed after setting.
- the soil is also partially replaced by the suspension material, with a backflow via the borehole. Since the cutting jet works at very high pressure, by regulating the pressure level of the return flow through the borehole, lifts can be generated, which likewise causes the desired stress redistribution.
- slots are made into which the pressed material can be introduced, whereby the desired increase in volume is achieved.
- FIG. 2 shows the elevation or settlement of the terrain surface during the implementation of the method according to the invention.
- the first period during which holes or slots are made in the elm areas, there is a slight settlement.
- the soil is raised in the area of influence of the volume increase.
- the formation of the desired supporting arch is achieved when there is a direct connection between volume increase and uplift. After the process for lifting the material in the elm areas has ended, additional deposits can occur, which, however, are minor in comparison to the lifting of the soil.
- FIG. 3 of the drawing illustrates the method according to the invention for producing a longitudinal tunnel 10 and a transverse tunnel 11.
- deformations are caused in particular in the lateral areas of the connection of the two tunnels 10 and 11.
- 13 increases are made in these two areas in particular, which are brought about in particular by increasing the volume, as a result of which a mountain support ring 14 is formed over these areas, by means of which settling to predetermined dimensions 15 during and after the outbreak of the material is restricted.
- the terrain elevations required for the formation of the mountain support ring are shown in the form of isohypses 12.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Begrenzung von Setzungen an der Oberfläche bei Herstellung eines unterirdischen Hohlraumes, insbesondere eines Tunnels, durch Ausbruch von Material, wie Lockergestein, Erdreich od.dgl.The invention relates to a method for limiting subsidence on the surface when producing an underground cavity, in particular a tunnel, by excavating material, such as loose rock, soil or the like.
Bei der Herstellung eines Tunnels in Bodenformationen, welche insbesondere durch Lockergestein oder Erdreich gebildet sind, besteht das Problem, daß während des Ausbruches des Materials zur Herstellung des Tunnels und während der Auskleidung des Tunnels an der Geländeoberfläche Setzungen auftreten, welche vorgegebene zulässige Werte überschreiten. Wenn der Tunnel unterhalb von freiem Gelände hergestellt wird, kommt dem Auftreten von Setzungen keine besondere Bedeutung zu. Wenn jedoch ein Tunnel im verbauten Gebiet hergestellt wird, können Setzungen in Abhängigkeit der Tangentenneigung der Setzungsmulde zu Schäden an der Bebauung führen, weswegen gewährleistet werden muß, daß die Setzungen bzw. die Tangentenneigungen innerhalb vorgegebener Werte verbleiben.When building a tunnel in soil formations, which are formed in particular by loose rock or soil, there is the problem that during the excavation of the material for the manufacture of the tunnel and during the lining of the tunnel, settlements occur on the terrain surface which exceed predetermined permissible values. If the tunnel is built below open terrain, the occurrence of subsidence is of no particular importance. However, if a tunnel is built in the built-up area, settlements, depending on the tangent inclination of the settlement trough, can lead to damage to the development, which is why it must be ensured that the settlements or tangent inclinations remain within specified values.
Es wird hierzu darauf hingewiesen, daß aufgrund des Ausbruches des Materials im Boden Spannungsumlagerungen mit zugehörigen Verformungen bedingt werden, die einen Gebirgstragring wirksam werden lassen. Derartige Verformungen im Boden treten insbesondere in den Bereichen seitlich des Hohlraumes, den sogenannten Ulmen, auf, durch welche in der Folge an der Geländeoberfläche Setzungen verursacht werden, die vorgegebene Grenzwerte überschreiten.It is pointed out here that due to the outbreak of the material in the ground, stress redistribution with associated deformations is caused, which can cause a rock support ring to take effect. Such deformations in the ground occur in particular in the areas to the side of the cavity, the so-called elms, which subsequently cause settlements on the terrain surface that exceed predetermined limit values.
Der gegenständlichen Erfindung liegt demnach die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines unterirdischen, sich längs erstreckenden Hohlraumes, insbesondere eines Tunnels, zu schaffen, durch welches Setzungen bzw. Tangentenneigungen von Setzungsmulden im Bereich der Geländeoberfläche auf vorgegebene maximale Werte beschränkt werden. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erzielt, daß bereits vor Herstellung des Hohlraumes in den beiden seitlichen Bereichen, den sogenannten Ulmen, eine Anhebung bewirkt wird, wodurch sich durch Spannungsumlagerungen ein Gebirgstragring ausbildet. Hiedurch werden beim Ausbruch des Materials zur Hohlraumherstellung Setzungen weitgehend verringert bzw. auf vorgegebene maximale Werte beschränkt.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for producing an underground, longitudinally extending cavity, in particular a tunnel, by means of which settlements or tangent inclinations of settlement depressions in the area of the terrain surface are limited to predetermined maximum values. This is achieved according to the invention in that an elevation is brought about in the two lateral areas, the so-called elms, even before the cavity is produced, as a result of which a mountain supporting ring is formed due to stress redistribution. In this way, when the material for cavity production breaks out, subsidence is largely reduced or limited to predetermined maximum values.
Vorzugsweise werden die Anhebungen durch Volumsvermehrungen in Ulmenbereichen bewirkt. Dies kann durch Materialinjektion bzw. durch Hochdruckbodenvermörtelung bewirkt werden. Alternativ dazu können in den beiden Ulmenbereichen Schlitze gefräst werden, welche nachfolgend ausgepreßt werden.The increases are preferably brought about by volume increases in elm areas. This can be done by material injection or by high-pressure floor mortar. Alternatively, slots can be milled in the two elm areas, which are subsequently pressed out.
Nach einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Anhebung in Ulmenbereichen dadurch bewirkt, daß eine Vorspannung derselben gegenüber der Überfläche, z.B. durch Mikropfähle mit Fußerweiterung, erfolgt.According to another preferred embodiment, the elevation in elm areas is brought about by pretensioning the same in relation to the surface, e.g. by micropiles with foot extension.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- einen nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Tunnel, in schematischer Darstellung,
- Fig. 2:
- ein Diagramm, an dem die Hebung bzw. Setzung des Bodens während der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erläutert ist, und
- Fig. 3:
- die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bei Herstellung eines Tunnels samt Tunnelanchluß.
- Fig. 1:
- a tunnel produced by the method according to the invention, in a schematic representation,
- Fig. 2:
- a diagram illustrating the elevation or settlement of the soil during the implementation of the method according to the invention, and
- Fig. 3:
- the application of the method according to the invention in the manufacture of a tunnel including tunnel connection.
In Fig. 1 ist unterhalb der Oberfläche 1 der geplante Tunnel 2 dargestellt, welcher in der Folge durch eine Auskleidung 3 ausgesteift wird. Um während des Ausbruches des Materials, insbesondere von Lockergestein bzw. von Erdreich, die hierdurch verursachten Verformungen, welche Setzungen bedingen, und welche insbesondere von den beiden seitlichen Bereichen des zukünftigen Tunnels, den sogenannten Ulmen, bedingt werden, weitgehend vermeiden zu können, werden vor Ausbruch des Materials in den Bereichen der Ulmen 4 Anhebungen durchgeführt, welche insbesondere durch Volumsvermehrungen 5 bewirkt werden. Durch die Anhebungen wird um den zukünftigen Tunnel 2 durch Spannungslagerungen ein Gebirgstragring 6 ausgebildet, welcher schematisch dargestellt ist. Sobald in weiterer Folge der Tunnel 2 ausgebrochen wird, werden durch diesen bereits vorweg hergestellten Gebirgstragring Verformungen und dadurch bedingte Setzungen auf ein vorgegebenes Höchstmaß beschränkt. Die Anhebung kann durch Volumsvermehrung, wie durch Bodeninjektionen, Hochdruckbodenvermörtelung oder Fräsen von Schlitzen und Aufpressen des Materials oder auch durch vorspannung der Ulmenbereiche gegenüber der Oberfläche bewirkt werden.In Fig. 1, the planned tunnel 2 is shown below the
Bei einer Bodeninjektion werden die Hohlräume des Bodens, welche in Lockerböden, durch Poren, Risse, Spalten oder Klüfte gebildet sind, ganz oder teilweise mit Injektionsgut gefüllt. Dabei wird das Injektionsgut über Bohrungen derart in den Boden eingebracht, daß es unter Verdrängung der in den Hohlräumen befindlichen Luft bzw. des darin befindlichen Grundwassers diese weitgehend ausfüllt. Hiedurch wird eine Verbesserung der Bodenkennwerte bewirkt. Durch Weiterführung der Bodeninjektion und zugehöriger Aufsprengung wird in diesen Bereichen eine Volumsvermehrung bewirkt, die zu den gewünschten Spannungsumlagerungen führt.In the case of a floor injection, the voids in the floor, which are formed in loose floors, by pores, cracks, crevices or fissures, are completely or partially filled with injection material. The material to be injected is introduced into the ground through boreholes in such a way that it largely fills the air or groundwater contained in the cavities, displacing them. This leads to an improvement in the soil properties. By continuing the soil injection and the associated blasting, an increase in volume is achieved in these areas, which leads to the desired stress redistribution.
Bei einer Hochdruckbodenvermörtelung wird das Lockergestein nach Herstellung einer Bohrung mittels eines Schneidstrahl aus Wasser oder eines Wasser/Luftgemisches aufgeschnitten und gelöst. Gleichzeitig wird der gelöste Boden mit einer Suspension von Zement oder Bentonitzement so vermischt, daß nach Abbinden ein homogener Bodenmörtel in Säulen- oder Scheibenform gebildet wird. Hierbei erfolgt auch ein teilweiser Austausch des Bodens durch das Suspensionsgut, wobei ein Rückfluß über das Bohrloch erfolgt. Da der Schneidstrahl mit sehr hohem Druck arbeitet, können durch Regulierung der Druckhöhe des Rückflusses durch das Bohrloch Hebungen erzeugt werden, wodurch gleichfalls die angestrebten Spannungsumlagerungen bewirkt werden. Beim Fräsen von Schlitzen und Aufpressen derselben werden in den Ulmenbereichen, z.B. in der Art der Hochdruckbodenvermörtelung, Schlitze hergestellt, in welche das Preßgut eingebracht werden kann, wodurch die andestrebte Volumsvermehrung erzielt wird.In the case of high-pressure soil mortaring, the loose rock is cut out of a water jet or a water / air mixture after a hole has been drilled and released. At the same time, the loosened soil is mixed with a suspension of cement or bentonite cement in such a way that a homogeneous floor mortar in column or disc form is formed after setting. Here, the soil is also partially replaced by the suspension material, with a backflow via the borehole. Since the cutting jet works at very high pressure, by regulating the pressure level of the return flow through the borehole, lifts can be generated, which likewise causes the desired stress redistribution. When milling slots and pressing them on, in the elm areas, e.g. in the manner of high-pressure floor mortar, slots are made into which the pressed material can be introduced, whereby the desired increase in volume is achieved.
Bei der Vorspannung der Ulmenbereiche gegenüber der Geländeoberfläche werden Zugpfähle, welche in den Ulmenbereichen mit Fußerweiterungen ausgebildet sind, hergestellt. Durch Vorspannen der hierdurch erfaßten Ulmenbereiche gegenüber der Oberfläche werden Anhebungen bewirkt, wodurch die angestrebten Spannungsumlagerungen erzielt werden. Hierfür können auch Erdanker herangezogen werden.When the elm areas are pre-stressed against the surface of the terrain, tensile piles which are formed in the elm areas with foot extensions are produced. By pretensioning the elm areas thus detected against the surface, increases are achieved, whereby the desired stress redistribution is achieved. Earth anchors can also be used for this.
Anhand des Diagramms der Fig. 2 ist die Hebung bzw. Setzung der Geländeoberfläche während der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt. In einem ersten Zeitraum, währenddessen in den Ulmenbereichen Bohrungen oder Schlitze hergestellt werden, tritt eine geringfügige Setzung ein. Sobald in weiterer Folge diese Schlitze oder Hohlräume durch Injizieren mit Material ausgefüllt werden, erfolgt eine Anhebung des Bodens im Einflußbereich der Volumsvermehrung.The diagram in FIG. 2 shows the elevation or settlement of the terrain surface during the implementation of the method according to the invention. In the first period, during which holes or slots are made in the elm areas, there is a slight settlement. As soon as these slits or cavities are subsequently filled with material by injection, the soil is raised in the area of influence of the volume increase.
Die Ausbildung des angestrebten Stützgewolbes ist dann erreicht, wenn ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen Volumsvermehrung und Hebung besteht. Nach Beendigung des Vorganges zur Anhebung des Materials in den Ulmenbereichen können Nachsetzungen auftreten, welche jedoch im Vergleich zur Hebung des Bodens geringfügig sind.The formation of the desired supporting arch is achieved when there is a direct connection between volume increase and uplift. After the process for lifting the material in the elm areas has ended, additional deposits can occur, which, however, are minor in comparison to the lifting of the soil.
In Fig. 3 der Zeichnung ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Längstunnels 10 und eines Quertunnels 11 erläutert. Hiezu wird darauf hingewiesen, daß Verformungen insbesondere in den seitlichen Bereichen des Anschlusses der beiden Tunnel 10 und 11 mitbedingt werden. Demnach werden vor allem in diesen beiden Bereichen 13 Anhebungen vorgenommen, welche insbesondere durch Volumsvermehrung bewirkt werden, wodurch sich über diesen Bereichen ein Gebirgstragring 14 ausbildet, durch welchen bei und nach dem Ausbruch des Materials Setzungen auf vorgegebene Ausmaße 15 beschränkt werden. Die für die Ausbildung des Gebirgstragringes vorweg erforderlichen Gelände-Hebungen sind in Form von Isohypsen 12 dargestellt.3 of the drawing illustrates the method according to the invention for producing a longitudinal tunnel 10 and a transverse tunnel 11. In this regard, it is pointed out that deformations are caused in particular in the lateral areas of the connection of the two tunnels 10 and 11. Accordingly, 13 increases are made in these two areas in particular, which are brought about in particular by increasing the volume, as a result of which a
Claims (5)
- A method of limiting subsidence at the surface (1) in the production of a subterranean, longitudinally extending cavity, especially a tunnel (2, 11, 12) through excavation of material, such as unconsolidated material, earth or the like, characterized in that, before excavation of the material, a rock supporting ring (6, 14) is constructed by stress redistribution by effecting raising of the material, for example by an increase in volume (5, 13), in the two lateral areas of the cavity (2, 11, 12) to be provided, i.e. the tunnel side walls (4).
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the increase in volume (5, 13) in the side wall areas (4) is effected by injection into this material.
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the increase in volume (5, 13) in the side wall areas (4) is effected by high-pressure ground stabilization.
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the increase in volume (5, 13) is effected in the side wall areas (4) by milling slits therein, which are subsequently pressed out.
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the raised areas in the side wall areas (4) are effected by prestressing thereof with respect to the surface (1), e.g. by micro stakes with foot enlargement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT24091 | 1991-02-05 | ||
| AT240/91 | 1991-02-05 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0498786A2 EP0498786A2 (en) | 1992-08-12 |
| EP0498786A3 EP0498786A3 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
| EP0498786B1 true EP0498786B1 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
Family
ID=3485280
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92890013A Expired - Lifetime EP0498786B1 (en) | 1991-02-05 | 1992-01-16 | Method for limiting subsidence during the excavation of underground cavities |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0498786B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE115233T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59200866D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110552717A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-12-10 | 中铁十八局集团第四工程有限公司 | sand cobble stratum shield tunnel earth surface layering differential settlement space grouting settlement reduction method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111980716A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-24 | 中铁十五局集团有限公司 | Calculation method for predicting soil body settlement caused by asynchronous tunneling of parallel tunnels |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR322858A (en) * | 1902-07-07 | 1903-02-17 | Berlier Jean Baptiste | Process for the construction of underground galleries in cracked and permeable soils |
| GB1304878A (en) * | 1969-12-22 | 1973-01-31 | ||
| US4370077A (en) * | 1980-08-04 | 1983-01-25 | Colgate Stirling A | Method of pressurizing and stabilizing rock by periodic and repeated injections of a settable fluid of finite gel strength |
-
1992
- 1992-01-16 EP EP92890013A patent/EP0498786B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-16 DE DE59200866T patent/DE59200866D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-01-16 AT AT92890013T patent/ATE115233T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110552717A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-12-10 | 中铁十八局集团第四工程有限公司 | sand cobble stratum shield tunnel earth surface layering differential settlement space grouting settlement reduction method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0498786A3 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
| ATE115233T1 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
| DE59200866D1 (en) | 1995-01-19 |
| EP0498786A2 (en) | 1992-08-12 |
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