CN110552717A - sand cobble stratum shield tunnel earth surface layering differential settlement space grouting settlement reduction method - Google Patents
sand cobble stratum shield tunnel earth surface layering differential settlement space grouting settlement reduction method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
一种砂卵石地层盾构隧道地表分层差异沉降空间注浆减沉方法，包括如下步骤：①通过地层钻孔分析出发生明显分层沉降差异的层位；②根据不同层位的覆土的力学参数进行数值模拟进一步确定发生分层沉降的层位；③根据步骤①、②得出的发生差异性分层沉降的层位及规模确定地面注浆钻孔的位置；④根据柱状及数值模拟得出的易发生差异性分层沉降的位置进行分层沉降监测；⑤根据模拟出的分层沉降的时空规律，确定注浆时机；⑥浆液配制以及注浆实施。该方法利用砂卵石盾构施工引起的分层差异沉降造成的离层或空洞作为充填空间对地层进行充填注浆，以达到补偿地层损失和减小控制地表沉降的目的。
A method for space grouting to reduce subsidence of shield tunnels in sand and pebble stratum with differential subsidence on the ground surface, comprising the following steps: ① Analyzing the strata where obvious stratification differences occur through drilling holes in the stratum; parameters for numerical simulation to further determine the layers where layered subsidence occurred; ③according to the layers and scales of differential layered subsidence obtained in steps ① and ②, determine the position of the ground grouting borehole; ④according to columnar and numerical simulation Monitor the stratified settlement at the locations prone to differential stratified settlement; ⑤ determine the timing of grouting according to the simulated space-time law of stratified settlement; ⑥ grout preparation and grouting implementation. In this method, the separated layers or cavities caused by layer differential settlement caused by sand and pebble shield construction are used as filling spaces to fill and grout the formation, so as to achieve the purpose of compensating formation loss and reducing and controlling surface settlement.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于地下工程施工领域，特别涉及一种砂卵石地层盾构隧道地表分层差异沉降空间注浆减沉方法。The invention belongs to the field of underground engineering construction, and in particular relates to a grouting method for reducing subsidence by grouting in subsidence spaces of shield tunnels in sand and pebble strata.
背景技术Background technique
盾构隧道施工是暗挖法施工中的一种全机械化施工方法，它是将盾构机械在地中推进，通过盾构外壳和管片支承四周围岩防止发生往隧道内的坍塌，同时在开挖面前方用切削装置进行土体开挖，通过出土机械运出洞外，靠千斤顶在后部加压顶进，并拼装预制混凝土管片，形成隧道结构的一种机械化施工方法。根据其维持压力平衡的方式可以分为土压平衡盾构掘进与泥水平衡盾构掘进，由于土压平衡盾构机容易控制，而且利于环保，适合长距离掘进，因此是应用最广的隧道暗挖方法。Shield tunnel construction is a fully mechanized construction method in underground excavation construction. It pushes the shield machine in the ground, supports the surrounding rock through the shield casing and segments to prevent collapse into the tunnel, and at the same time A mechanized construction method in which the soil is excavated with a cutting device in front of the excavation face, transported out of the hole by an excavation machine, pushed in by a jack at the rear, and assembled with precast concrete segments to form a tunnel structure. According to the method of maintaining the pressure balance, it can be divided into earth pressure balance shield tunneling and mud-water balance shield tunneling. Because the earth pressure balance shield machine is easy to control, environmentally friendly, and suitable for long-distance tunneling, it is the most widely used tunnel tunnel. dig method.
砂卵石地层一般为沉积地层，在不同历史阶段分层沉积而成。砂卵石地层隧道掘进后可以形成一定时间内的自稳，但是由于砂卵石在一定高度容易有成拱现象的发生，导致离层或空洞可以维持数月到数年，而且滞后沉降具有突发性，因此在一定时间后会突发失稳造成地面塌陷。作为典型砂卵石地层分布地区，成都地铁1号线在隧道施工后数月到一年之间就多次发生地面塌陷。Sand and pebble strata are generally sedimentary strata, which were deposited layer by layer in different historical stages. Tunnels in sand and pebble strata can be self-stabilized for a certain period of time after excavation, but because sand and pebbles are prone to arching at a certain height, the separation layer or cavity can last for several months to years, and the hysteresis settlement is sudden , so after a certain period of time, it will suddenly lose stability and cause the ground to collapse. As a typical area with sand and pebble strata, Chengdu Metro Line 1 experienced ground subsidence several times after the tunnel was constructed within a few months to a year.
目前在施工中对砂卵石地铁隧道掘进的分层沉降监测主要集中在掘进期间，其主要目的为研究盾构施工对地层的扰动范围，并未利用分层沉降差异形成的空间进行减沉处理。同步注浆从工艺上很难完全弥补掘进造成的地层损失，二次注浆减沉原理并不明确。现有研究主要通过在洞内注浆(同步、二次或多次)来达到减沉的目的，对于分层沉降的研究仅仅局限于了解施工期间的上覆地层扰动范围，砂卵石盾构隧道施工造成的地层差异沉降以及空洞是业界公认的事实。目前研究的局限在于：(1)地层体积损失几乎都尝试以洞内注浆的方式进行补偿，注浆的能力与掘进速度难匹配，浆体配比很难满足减沉需求。(2)对于分层沉降做了大量的监测，在砂卵石地层盾构隧道引起的分层沉降较为明显，但分层差异沉降形成的离层或者空洞并没有用来控制或减小地表沉降。At present, the layered settlement monitoring of sand and gravel subway tunnel excavation is mainly concentrated during the excavation period. The main purpose is to study the disturbance range of the shield construction to the stratum, and the space formed by the layered settlement difference is not used for settlement reduction. Synchronous grouting is technically difficult to fully compensate for the formation loss caused by excavation, and the principle of secondary grouting to reduce settlement is not clear. Existing research mainly achieves the purpose of reducing settlement by grouting in the tunnel (synchronous, twice or multiple times). The research on layered settlement is only limited to understanding the disturbance range of the overlying strata during construction. The sand and pebble shield tunnel Different settlements and cavities in strata caused by construction are well-known facts in the industry. The limitations of the current research are: (1) The volume loss of the formation is almost always compensated by grouting in the cave. It is difficult to match the grouting ability with the excavation speed, and the grout ratio is difficult to meet the subsidence reduction requirements. (2) A lot of monitoring has been done on the layered settlement. The layered settlement caused by the shield tunnel in the sand and pebble stratum is more obvious, but the separated layers or cavities formed by the layered differential settlement have not been used to control or reduce the surface settlement.
公开号为CN201520553274.3的新型专利说明书中介绍了一种监测土体分层沉降的装置，该装置只是对土体分层沉降监测的方便和准确进行改进，并无介绍如何利用分层沉降形成的空间。The new patent specification with the publication number CN201520553274.3 introduces a device for monitoring layered settlement of soil. This device only improves the convenience and accuracy of monitoring soil layered settlement. Space.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就在于克服上述现有技术中存在的不足，而提供一种砂卵石地层盾构隧道地表分层差异沉降空间注浆减沉方法，该方法利用砂卵石盾构施工引起的分层差异沉降造成的离层或空洞作为充填空间对地层进行充填注浆，以达到补偿地层损失和减小控制地表沉降的目的。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, and to provide a method for grouting to reduce subsidence in the ground layer difference settlement space of a shield tunnel in a sandy pebble stratum. The separated layer or cavity caused by differential settlement is used as filling space to fill and grout the formation to achieve the purpose of compensating formation loss and reducing and controlling surface settlement.
如上构思，本发明的技术方案是：一种砂卵石地层盾构隧道地表分层差异沉降空间注浆减沉方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：As conceived above, the technical solution of the present invention is: a method for grouting to reduce subsidence in the surface layered differential settlement space of a shield tunnel in a sandy pebble stratum, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
①通过地层钻孔分析出发生明显分层沉降差异的层位；①Through the analysis of stratum drilling, the stratum with obvious stratification and subsidence difference occurs;
②根据不同层位的覆土的力学参数进行数值模拟进一步确定发生分层沉降的层位；②According to the mechanical parameters of the covering soil at different levels, carry out numerical simulation to further determine the layers where layered settlement occurs;
③根据步骤①、②得出的发生差异性分层沉降的层位及规模确定地面注浆钻孔的位置；③Determine the position of the ground grouting drilling hole according to the layers and scales of differential stratified subsidence obtained in steps ① and ②;
④根据柱状及数值模拟得出的易发生差异性分层沉降的位置进行分层沉降监测；④Layer settlement monitoring is carried out according to the locations prone to differential stratification settlement obtained from columnar and numerical simulations;
⑤根据模拟出的分层沉降的时空规律，确定注浆时机；⑤ Determine the timing of grouting according to the simulated space-time law of layered settlement;
⑥浆液配制以及注浆实施。⑥ Serous preparation and grouting implementation.
所述浆液取水泥、粉煤灰与水的混合浆液，其中水灰比为The slurry is a mixed slurry of cement, fly ash and water, wherein the water-cement ratio is
0.6-0.7，粉煤灰与水泥质量比为0.5。0.6-0.7, the mass ratio of fly ash to cement is 0.5.
所述注浆压力为分层层位覆土静压的1.2倍。The grouting pressure is 1.2 times of the static pressure of the overlying soil in the stratified layers.
本发明具有如下的优点和积极和积极效果：The present invention has following advantage and active and active effect:
1、本发明是针对于大量的砂卵石地层在盾构施工隧道时引起的地层滞后突发沉降问题提出的，根据砂卵石在盾构隧道施工掘进过程中不同层位发生明显的差异性沉降，采用数值模拟对隧道掘进过程中(单线及双线)地层分层沉降的时空发展规律。1. The present invention is aimed at the problem of stratum hysteresis and sudden settlement caused by a large number of sand and pebble strata during shield tunnel construction. Numerical simulation is used to study the spatio-temporal development law of layered subsidence during tunnel excavation (single-line and double-line).
2、本发明利用砂卵石地层在盾构隧道施工中形成的分层差异沉降对其进行注浆充填，补充地层损失达到地表减沉的目的。2. The present invention utilizes the stratified differential settlement formed in the construction of the shield tunnel in the sand and pebble stratum to fill it with grouting, supplementing the loss of the stratum to achieve the purpose of reducing the ground surface settlement.
3、本发明不仅限于砂卵石地层盾构施工分层差异沉降注浆地表减沉，同时也适用于其他隧道掘进中分层差异明显的地层对分层差异沉降的空间进行注浆充填补偿地层损失达到地表减沉的目的。3. The present invention is not limited to sand and gravel stratum shield construction, layered differential settlement grouting to reduce surface settlement, and is also applicable to other strata with obvious layered differences in tunnel excavation to grout filling the space of layered differential settlement to compensate for formation loss To achieve the purpose of surface subsidence.
4、本发明在地面进行注浆充填，与隧道内的掘进作业独立进行，因此不会影响隧道掘进。另外，分层沉降发生在隧道推过以后，可以维持很长时间，为地表注浆充填提供了充足的时间安排。4. The present invention carries out grouting filling on the ground, which is carried out independently from the excavation operation in the tunnel, so it will not affect the tunnel excavation. In addition, stratified settlement occurs after the tunnel is pushed through and can last for a long time, providing sufficient time for surface grouting filling.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的工艺流程图；Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
图2是本发明的施工结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction structure of the present invention.
图中：1-分层差异沉降形成的空间；2-注浆钻孔；3-注浆管路；4-地面注浆泵站；5-充填浆液储存罐；6-盾构隧道；7-地表。In the figure: 1-space formed by stratified differential settlement; 2-grouting drilling; 3-grouting pipeline; 4-ground grouting pump station; 5-filling slurry storage tank; 6-shield tunnel; 7- surface.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
地表沉降的根本原因为各种原因(超挖、同步和二次注浆不符合要求、土体固结)造成的地层损失，因此对地表沉降的控制最为根本的措施为减少地层损失或及时补偿地层损失，本发明通过利用分层沉降差异性形成的离层或空洞进行地层损失补偿。The root cause of surface subsidence is the formation loss caused by various reasons (over-excavation, synchronous and secondary grouting not meeting the requirements, soil consolidation), so the most fundamental measure to control surface subsidence is to reduce formation loss or compensate in time For stratum loss, the present invention compensates for stratum loss by utilizing the separated layers or cavities formed by layered settlement differences.
如图1所示：本发明一种砂卵石地层盾构隧道地表分层差异沉降空间注浆减沉方法，通过地层钻孔分析出发生明显分层沉降差异的层位，并用数值模拟进行计算，最终通过分层沉降来监测，确定地表注浆钻孔的位置深度以及注浆时机。由于是充填注浆，浆体主要起充填作用，因此注浆压力为分层层位覆土静压的1.2倍，注浆材料取水泥、粉煤灰与水的混合浆液，其中水灰比为0.6-0.7，粉煤灰与水泥质量比为0.5。As shown in Figure 1: a method of space grouting for subsidence differential subsidence space grouting of a shield tunnel in a sandy pebble stratum according to the present invention analyzes the layers where obvious stratification subsidence differences occur through stratum drilling, and uses numerical simulation to calculate, Finally, it is monitored through stratified settlement to determine the depth of the surface grouting drilling and the timing of grouting. Because it is filling and grouting, the slurry mainly plays the role of filling, so the grouting pressure is 1.2 times of the static pressure of the layered layer, and the grouting material is a mixed slurry of cement, fly ash and water, and the water-cement ratio is 0.6 -0.7, the mass ratio of fly ash to cement is 0.5.
该方法的实施包括以下步骤：Implementation of the method includes the following steps:
S1：根据取芯初步判定发生分层沉降的层位；S1: According to the preliminary determination of the stratified subsidence layer based on coring;
S2：根据不同层位的覆土的力学参数进行数值模拟进一步确定发生分层沉降的层位；S2: Carry out numerical simulation according to the mechanical parameters of the covering soil at different layers to further determine the layer where layered settlement occurs;
S3:根据以上两步得出的发生差异性分层沉降的层位及规模确定地面注浆钻孔的位置；S3: determine the position of the ground grouting borehole according to the stratum and the scale of the layered subsidence of the difference that are obtained in the above two steps;
S4:根据柱状及数值模拟得出的易发生差异性分层沉降的位置进行分层沉降监测，S4: According to the positions prone to differentiated layered settlements obtained from columnar and numerical simulations, layered settlement monitoring is carried out.
S5:根据模拟出的分层沉降的时空规律，确定注浆时机；S5: Determine the timing of grouting according to the time-space law of the simulated stratified settlement;
S6：浆液配制以及注浆实施，在注浆钻孔上连接注浆管路，且将注浆管路与地面注浆泵站连接，如图2所示。S6: grout preparation and grouting implementation, the grouting pipeline is connected to the grouting borehole, and the grouting pipeline is connected to the ground grouting pumping station, as shown in Fig. 2 .
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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| CN111365003A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-07-03 | 西安科技大学 | Combined subsidence reducing method for grouting of separation layer inner bag and plugging of water flowing fractured zone |
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