EP0497699A1 - Improved preliminary treatments of cossettes before diffusion - Google Patents
Improved preliminary treatments of cossettes before diffusion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0497699A1 EP0497699A1 EP92400242A EP92400242A EP0497699A1 EP 0497699 A1 EP0497699 A1 EP 0497699A1 EP 92400242 A EP92400242 A EP 92400242A EP 92400242 A EP92400242 A EP 92400242A EP 0497699 A1 EP0497699 A1 EP 0497699A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- juice
- diffusion
- cossettes
- leaching
- saccharator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UGZVNIRNPPEDHM-SBBOJQDXSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanedioate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O UGZVNIRNPPEDHM-SBBOJQDXSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000427324 Glinus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000004434 Calcinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13B—PRODUCTION OF SUCROSE; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- C13B10/00—Production of sugar juices
- C13B10/08—Extraction of sugar from sugar beet with water
- C13B10/083—Treatment of sugar beet before extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13B—PRODUCTION OF SUCROSE; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- C13B10/00—Production of sugar juices
- C13B10/14—Production of sugar juices using extracting agents other than water, e.g. alcohol or salt solutions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the extraction of sugar from beets by diffusion, an operation consisting in subjecting the beet pods to backwashing using hot water to produce, on the one hand, a sweet juice which is purified before being concentrated by evaporation and then subjected to crystallization and, on the other hand, pulps which are pressed, to extract water which is recycled in diffusion, then dried.
- a saccharator which can be of the endless belt type or of any other suitable type for ensuring mass exchanges between pods and juice.
- this device there is either a generally counter-current circulation of the pods and the saccharated juice, or successively a generally counter-current circulation then a generally co-current circulation.
- a so-called "leaching" juice consisting of a fraction of the saccharated juice used for processing the pods and the cellular juice of the pods opened during the cutting of the beets caused by leaching.
- This juice which, because of this leaching, contains impurities in very large quantities, in particular pectic matter, is subjected to pulping and then to progressive liming and sent to the purification workshop of the sugar refinery.
- saccharated cossettes are obtained with retention juice from the other fraction of the juice used for the treatment, juice retained by capillarity in the mass of the treated cossettes ; these chips and the retention juice are allowed for distribution.
- This extraction process comprising the preliminary treatment of the cossettes with a solution of calcium monosaccharate is called extraction or alkaline diffusion. It makes it possible to produce pulps having better pressability and to obtain, after mechanical pressing, pulps with a higher dry matter content and, consequently, to achieve appreciable energy savings for drying the pulps.
- This process also makes it possible to partially purify the diffusion juices in the diffuser itself, before racking, thanks to the alkalinity of the pods due to their prior treatment in the saccharator.
- the impurities resulting from this purification of the juice in the diffuser are physically attached to the pods and are recovered with the spent pulps at the outlet of the diffuser. These impurities are rich in organic matter, in particular pectic, and the additional pulp flow rate they provide, called "plus-pulp", constitutes an important element of the economic interest of the process.
- the object of the present invention is to increase the quantity of "plus-pulp" produced in diffusion and, consequently, to further increase the profitability of the alkaline diffusion process.
- the process which is the subject of the invention consists in returning the leaching juice, previously pulped and possibly pre-limed, to diffusion.
- the impurities of the juice possibly flocculated by pre-liming, physically attach to the mass of the pods and are recovered with the pulps at the outlet of the diffuser. This increases the amount of "over-pulp" and, in return, reduces the amount of impurities extracted with the scum and, therefore, the total consumption of lime.
- the leaching juice will be sent into the heat exchanger placed at the head of the diffusion, which may or may not be incorporated into the diffuser, respecting the conditions of concentration and temperature. It can be introduced at several points of the exchanger to achieve satisfactory growth in the alkalinity of the juice in this device.
- This installation essentially consists of a saccharator 10 and a diffusion device 12 in which a heat exchanger 14 is incorporated or associated.
- the saccharator 10 could be, for example, of the endless belt type, the cossettes being loaded in A on the carpet to form a regular layer and subjected to the calcification treatment during their transport from one end to the other of the apparatus. Leaving the saccharator 10, the cossettes are introduced at B into the heat exchanger 14 where they are brought to a suitable temperature, then transferred to the diffuser 12. The spent pulps are extracted at C at the end of the diffuser opposite to that adjacent to the heat exchanger, and water is introduced in D at this end of the diffuser. The cossettes and the water, which gradually loads with sugar, flow against the current in the diffuser and in the exchanger and the sweet juice, called diffusion juice, is extracted at E of the exchanger 14.
- the pods are treated with saccharated juice according to the method used in patent application No. 90/00783 in the name of one of the applicants.
- the saccharated juice is introduced at F, at an intermediate point of the saccharator, and divided into two streams which flow, respectively, towards the upstream end and towards the downstream end of the saccharator.
- the circulations of the juice and the cossettes are carried out generally in opposite directions.
- the exhausted juice or at least depleted in monosaccharate is used to leach fresh pods. Recycling can be provided, as indicated in the drawing, to increase the flow of circulating juice and, consequently, the efficiency of leaching.
- the part of the juice not retained by the chips is extracted at G and constitutes the leaching juice; this juice is pulped at 16, then subjected to progressive pre-liming at 18 and introduced at H into the heat exchanger 14, in accordance with the invention.
- This introduction of the leaching juice can be done at one or more points of the exchanger, taking into account the conditions of temperature and lime concentration. Some or all of the leaching juice could also be introduced into the diffuser.
- the organic impurities in the leaching juice, the flocculation of which has been caused by pre-liming physically attach to the pods in the heat exchanger or the diffuser and are collected at the outlet of the diffuser with the pulps.
- the circulation of the juice and the pods takes place generally in the same direction.
- the juice extracted at the downstream end of the saccharator can be used in the upstream part in mixture with the fresh saccharated juice.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a trait à l'extraction du sucre des betteraves par diffusion, opération consistant à soumettre les cossettes de betteraves à un lessivage à contre-courant au moyen d'eau chaude pour produire, d'une part, un jus sucré qui est épuré avant d'être concentré jar évaporation puis soumis à une cristallisation et, d'autre part, des pulpes qui sont pressées, pour en extraire des eaux qui sont recyclées en diffusion, puis séchées.The present invention relates to the extraction of sugar from beets by diffusion, an operation consisting in subjecting the beet pods to backwashing using hot water to produce, on the one hand, a sweet juice which is purified before being concentrated by evaporation and then subjected to crystallization and, on the other hand, pulps which are pressed, to extract water which is recycled in diffusion, then dried.
Pour réduire la teneur en matières pectiques du jus et améliorer le pressage des pulpes, il est connu de traiter les cossettes, avant la diffusion, avec une solution de monosaccharate de calcium, (jus saccharaté), obtenu par addition de chaux vive à un jus sucré préalablement refroidi à une température convenable, pour fixer le calcium sur les cossettes.To reduce the content of pectic matter in the juice and improve the pressing of the pulps, it is known to treat the chips, before diffusion, with a solution of calcium monosaccharate (saccharated juice), obtained by adding quicklime to a juice sweetened beforehand cooled to a suitable temperature, to fix the calcium on the chips.
Le traitement des cossettes avant diffusion s'effectue dans un appareil, appelé saccharateur, qui peut être du type à tapis sans fin ou de tout autre type convenable pour assurer des échanges massiques entre cossettes et jus. Dans cet appareil, on réalise soit une circulation globalement à contre-courant des cossettes et du jus saccharaté, soit successivement une circulation globalement à contre-courant puis une circulation globalement à co-courant. Quel que soit le procédé utilisé, on obtient à l'extrémité amont du saccharateur, côté entrée des cossettes, un jus dit "de lessivage" constitué d'une fraction du jus saccharaté ayant servi pour le traitement des cossettes et du suc cellulaire des cossettes ouvertes lors du découpage des betteraves entraîné par lessivage. Ce jus qui, du fait de ce lessivage, contient des impuretés en quantité très importante, notamment des matières pectiques, est soumis à un épulpage puis à un préchaulage progressif et envoyé à l'atelier d'épuration de la sucrerie. A l'extrémité aval du saccharateur, côté opposé à l'entrée des cossettes, on obtient des cossettes saccharatées avec du jus de rétention provenant de l'autre fraction du jus utilisé pour le traitement, jus retenu par capillarité dans la masse des cossettes traitées; ces cossettes et le jus de rétention sont admis en diffusion.The treatment of the pods before diffusion is carried out in a device, called a saccharator, which can be of the endless belt type or of any other suitable type for ensuring mass exchanges between pods and juice. In this device, there is either a generally counter-current circulation of the pods and the saccharated juice, or successively a generally counter-current circulation then a generally co-current circulation. Whatever the process used, we obtain at the upstream end of the saccharator, on the input side of the pods, a so-called "leaching" juice consisting of a fraction of the saccharated juice used for processing the pods and the cellular juice of the pods opened during the cutting of the beets caused by leaching. This juice which, because of this leaching, contains impurities in very large quantities, in particular pectic matter, is subjected to pulping and then to progressive liming and sent to the purification workshop of the sugar refinery. At the downstream end of the saccharator, on the side opposite the entry of the cossettes, saccharated cossettes are obtained with retention juice from the other fraction of the juice used for the treatment, juice retained by capillarity in the mass of the treated cossettes ; these chips and the retention juice are allowed for distribution.
Ce procédé d'extraction comportant le traitement préliminaire des cossettes par une solution de monosaccharate de calcium est appelé extraction ou diffusion alcaline. Il permet de produire des pulpes ayant une meilleure pressabilité et d'obtenir, après pressage mécanique, des pulpes à plus haute teneur en matières sèches et, par conséquent, de réaliser des économies d'énergie appréciables pour le séchage des pulpes. Ce procédé permet en outre d'épurer partiellement les jus de diffusion dans le diffuseur lui-même, avant soutirage, grâce à l'alcalinité des cossettes due à leur traitement préalable dans le saccharateur. Les impuretés résultant de cette épuration du jus dans le diffuseur se fixent physiquement sur les cossettes et sont récupérées avec les pulpes épuisées à la sortie du diffuseur. Ces impuretés sont riches en matières organiques, notamment pectiques, et le supplément de débit de pulpes qu'elles procurent, appelé "plus-pulpe", constitue un élément important de l'intérêt économique du procédé.This extraction process comprising the preliminary treatment of the cossettes with a solution of calcium monosaccharate is called extraction or alkaline diffusion. It makes it possible to produce pulps having better pressability and to obtain, after mechanical pressing, pulps with a higher dry matter content and, consequently, to achieve appreciable energy savings for drying the pulps. This process also makes it possible to partially purify the diffusion juices in the diffuser itself, before racking, thanks to the alkalinity of the pods due to their prior treatment in the saccharator. The impurities resulting from this purification of the juice in the diffuser are physically attached to the pods and are recovered with the spent pulps at the outlet of the diffuser. These impurities are rich in organic matter, in particular pectic, and the additional pulp flow rate they provide, called "plus-pulp", constitutes an important element of the economic interest of the process.
Le but de la présente invention est d'accroître la quantité de "plus-pulpe" produite en diffusion et, par conséquent, d'augmenter encore la rentabilité du procédé de diffusion alcaline.The object of the present invention is to increase the quantity of "plus-pulp" produced in diffusion and, consequently, to further increase the profitability of the alkaline diffusion process.
Le procédé objet de l'invention consiste à renvoyer en diffusion le jus de lessivage, préalablement épulpé et éventuellement préchaulé. Dans le diffuseur et l'échangeur de chaleur placé en tête de la diffusion, les impuretés du jus, éventuellement floculées par préchaulage, se fixent physiquement sur la masse des cossettes et sont récupérées avec les pulpes à la sortie du diffuseur. On augmente ainsi la quantité de "plus-pulpe" et, en contrepartie, on réduit la quantité d'impuretés extraites avec les écumes et, par conséquent, la consommation totale de chaux.The process which is the subject of the invention consists in returning the leaching juice, previously pulped and possibly pre-limed, to diffusion. In the diffuser and the heat exchanger placed at the head of the diffusion, the impurities of the juice, possibly flocculated by pre-liming, physically attach to the mass of the pods and are recovered with the pulps at the outlet of the diffuser. This increases the amount of "over-pulp" and, in return, reduces the amount of impurities extracted with the scum and, therefore, the total consumption of lime.
De préférence, le jus de lessivage sera envoyé dans l'échangeur de chaleur placé en tête de la diffusion, qui peut être incorporé ou non au diffuseur, en respectant les conditions de concentration et de température. Il pourra être introduit en plusieurs points de l'échangeur pour réaliser une croissance satisfaisante de l'alcalinité du jus dans cet appareil.Preferably, the leaching juice will be sent into the heat exchanger placed at the head of the diffusion, which may or may not be incorporated into the diffuser, respecting the conditions of concentration and temperature. It can be introduced at several points of the exchanger to achieve satisfactory growth in the alkalinity of the juice in this device.
La description qui suit se réfère au dessin l'accompagnant qui est le schéma d'une installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention.The following description refers to the accompanying drawing which is the diagram of an installation for implementing the method of the invention.
Cette installation est constituée essentiellement par un saccharateur 10 et un appareil de diffusion 12 auquel est incorporé ou associé un échangeur de chaleur 14.This installation essentially consists of a
Le saccharateur 10 pourra être, par exemple, du type à tapis sans fin, les cossettes étant chargées en A sur le tapis pour former une couche régulière et soumises au traitement de calcification pendant leur transport d'une extrémité à l'autre de l'appareil. En sortant du saccharateur 10, les cossettes sont introduites en B dans l'échangeur de chaleur 14 où elles sont portées à une température convenable, puis transférées dans le diffuseur 12. Les pulpes épuisées sont extraites en C à l'extrémité du diffuseur opposée à celle attenante à l'échangeur de chaleur, et de l'eau est introduite en D à cette extrémité du diffuseur. Les cossettes et l'eau, qui se charge progressivement en sucre, circulent à contre-courant dans le diffuseur et dans l'échangeur et le jus sucré, appelé jus de diffusion, est extrait en E de l'échangeur 14.The
Dans le saccharateur 10, les cossettes sont traitées avec du jus saccharaté suivant le procébé faisant l'objet de la demande de brevet n 90/00783 au nom de l'un des demandeurs. Le jus saccharaté est introduit en F, en un point intermédiaire du saccharateur, et divisé en deux courants qui s'écoulent, respectivement, vers l'extrémité amont et vers l'extrémité aval du saccharateur. Dans la partie amont du saccharateur, les circulations du jus et des cossettes s'effectuent globalement en sens inverses. A l'extrémité amont du saccharateur, le jus épuisé ou au moins appauvri en monosaccharate est utilisé pour lessiver les cossettes fraîches. Un recyclage peut être prévu, comme indiqué sur le dessin, pour augmenter le débit de jus de circulation et, par conséquent, l'efficacité du lessivage. La partie du jus non retenue par les cossettes est extraite en G et constitue le jus de lessivage; ce jus est épulpé en 16, puis soumis à un préchaulage progressif en 18 et introduit en H dans l'échangeur de chaleur 14, conformément à l'invention. Cette introduction du jus de lessivage peut être faite en un ou plusieurs points de l'échangeur, en tenant compte des conditions de température et de concentration en chaux. Une partie ou la totalité du jus de lessivage pourrait aussi être introduite dans le diffuseur. Les impuretés organiques du jus de lessivage dont la floculation a été provoquée par le préchaulage se fixent physiquement sur les cossettes dans l'échangeur de chaleur ou le diffuseur et sont récupérées à la sortie du diffuseur avec les pulpes.On peut estimer à 20 % l'augmentation de la quantité de "plus-pulpe" que le procédé de l'invention permet d'obtenir, par rapport au procédé connu où le jus de lessivage était envoyé à l'atelier d'épuration de la sucrerie. Dans certains cas, on pourra se dispenser de préchauler le jus de lessivage avant de l'envoyer en diffusion.In the
Dans la partie aval du saccharateur, les circulations du jus et des cossettes s'effectuent globalement dans le même sens. Le jus extrait à l'extrémité aval du saccharateur peut être utilisé dans la partie amont en mélange avec le jus saccharaté frais.In the downstream part of the saccharator, the circulation of the juice and the pods takes place generally in the same direction. The juice extracted at the downstream end of the saccharator can be used in the upstream part in mixture with the fresh saccharated juice.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9101081 | 1991-01-31 | ||
| FR919101081A FR2672302B1 (en) | 1991-01-31 | 1991-01-31 | IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF COSSETTES BEFORE DISTRIBUTION. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0497699A1 true EP0497699A1 (en) | 1992-08-05 |
| EP0497699B1 EP0497699B1 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
Family
ID=9409223
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92400242A Expired - Lifetime EP0497699B1 (en) | 1991-01-31 | 1992-01-30 | Improved preliminary treatments of cossettes before diffusion |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0497699B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE115190T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69200770T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0497699T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2066565T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2672302B1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0092466A1 (en) * | 1982-04-16 | 1983-10-26 | UNION NATIONALE DES COOPERATIVES AGRICOLES DE TRANSFORMATION DE LA BETTERAVE par abréviation " U.C.B." Société dite: | Process for extracting beet juice |
| FR2638465A1 (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-05-04 | France Syndicat Fab Sucre | Process and plant for thermal and/or mass transfer between a liquor and fresh sugar beet slices |
| EP0370869A1 (en) * | 1988-11-18 | 1990-05-30 | F C B | Diffusion of beet sugar |
-
1991
- 1991-01-31 FR FR919101081A patent/FR2672302B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-01-30 ES ES92400242T patent/ES2066565T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-30 EP EP92400242A patent/EP0497699B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-30 DK DK92400242.1T patent/DK0497699T3/en active
- 1992-01-30 AT AT92400242T patent/ATE115190T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-30 DE DE69200770T patent/DE69200770T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0092466A1 (en) * | 1982-04-16 | 1983-10-26 | UNION NATIONALE DES COOPERATIVES AGRICOLES DE TRANSFORMATION DE LA BETTERAVE par abréviation " U.C.B." Société dite: | Process for extracting beet juice |
| FR2638465A1 (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-05-04 | France Syndicat Fab Sucre | Process and plant for thermal and/or mass transfer between a liquor and fresh sugar beet slices |
| EP0370869A1 (en) * | 1988-11-18 | 1990-05-30 | F C B | Diffusion of beet sugar |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69200770T2 (en) | 1995-05-18 |
| FR2672302A1 (en) | 1992-08-07 |
| FR2672302B1 (en) | 1994-08-05 |
| EP0497699B1 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
| DK0497699T3 (en) | 1995-05-29 |
| ES2066565T3 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
| DE69200770D1 (en) | 1995-01-19 |
| ATE115190T1 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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