EP0494963B1 - Element de chauffage avec connecteur electrique - Google Patents

Element de chauffage avec connecteur electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0494963B1
EP0494963B1 EP90915605A EP90915605A EP0494963B1 EP 0494963 B1 EP0494963 B1 EP 0494963B1 EP 90915605 A EP90915605 A EP 90915605A EP 90915605 A EP90915605 A EP 90915605A EP 0494963 B1 EP0494963 B1 EP 0494963B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
contact
electrical
fuse
receiving member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90915605A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0494963A1 (fr
Inventor
Donald L. Tucker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raychem Corp
Original Assignee
Raychem Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/415,820 external-priority patent/US5004432A/en
Priority claimed from US07/415,757 external-priority patent/US5002501A/en
Application filed by Raychem Corp filed Critical Raychem Corp
Publication of EP0494963A1 publication Critical patent/EP0494963A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0494963B1 publication Critical patent/EP0494963B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
    • H01R4/2416—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having insulation-cutting edges, e.g. of tuning fork type
    • H01R4/242—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having insulation-cutting edges, e.g. of tuning fork type the contact members being plates having a single slot
    • H01R4/2425—Flat plates, e.g. multi-layered flat plates
    • H01R4/2429—Flat plates, e.g. multi-layered flat plates mounted in an insulating base
    • H01R4/2433—Flat plates, e.g. multi-layered flat plates mounted in an insulating base one part of the base being movable to push the cable into the slot

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an heating assembly comprising an electrical connector and an electrical lead to electrical plugs which make an electrical connection between an electrical heater and an electrical power outlet.
  • an electrical connection e.g. to splice two leads together or to attach an electrical plug to a lead in order to apply power. It is also known to insert a light, or other signal, into an electrical circuit so that it is easy to determine whether current is flowing through a heater or other operational electrical device which forms part of the circuit.
  • the light can, for example, be placed in a plug through which the device is connected to a wall outlet in a building or to another power source.
  • GFCI ground fault circuit interrupter
  • the protection device can, for example, be placed in a plug through which a heater or other operational device is connected to a wall outlet in a building or to another power source.
  • absence of the signal light may signify failure of the operational device itself, or failure of the electrical connections to the operational device, or conversion of the protective device into its abnormal state, e.g. failure ("blowing") of the fuse.
  • Self-regulating strip heaters which comprise elongate electrodes connected by a conductive polymer resistive element are well-known. In operation, the thermal output of these strip heaters varies in response to changes in the thermal environment and thus serves to limit the maximum temperature which the heater achieves. Such heaters are often used to provide freeze protection of pipes, such as domestic or commercial water lines, or to maintain a constant temperature for pipes in process industries. A number of measures have been proposed for assisting the safe operation of such heaters. Reference may be made, for example, to U.S. Patent No. 4,436,986 (Carlson) and U.S. Patent No. 4,822,983 (Bremner et al).
  • DE-A-320-3651 discloses a two part connector. Conductors are positioned in bores in the first part. Cut-clamps are positioned in the second part. When the first and second parts are placed together, the cut-clamps cut through the insulation of the conductors and make electrical contact.
  • the connector is described as being useful for cables such as flat cables which have multiple conductors (see Figure 1).
  • US-A-4,684,195 discloses an electrical connector in which a solderless connection can be made to a wire by inserting the wire into a wire-receiving tunnel and then making connection via U-shaped contact member.
  • the connector is particularly useful for making in-line splices.
  • US-A-3,184,569 discloses an electrical plug which provides overload protection by means of two fuses.
  • the plug includes a signal light which goes out when the fuse blows as a result of an overcurrent condition.
  • the light is installed within a transparent plastic portion which is provided with an opaque hinged cover for use when it is desired that the light not be visible.
  • This plug is specifically designed to be connected to another plug.
  • a conductive polymer strip heater when a conductive polymer strip heater is connected to a power supply through an electrical plug which is inserted into a convential wall outlet and which contains a fuse or other protective device, it is very useful to include, as a part of the plug, a signal device, e.g. a light-emitting diode, which is connected between the two legs of the heater circuit so that it will provide a signal (e.g. will be lit up) only when the power is on and the protective device is in its normal state.
  • a signal device e.g. a light-emitting diode
  • a heating assembly which comprises :
  • the heating assembly of the invention is in the form of an electrical plug which is used to connect an elongate electrical heater to an electrical power outlet.
  • the power outlet may be a wall outlet either inside or outside of a building, or it may be part of a power supply or other suitable source of power.
  • the outlet may be two-hole for connection to a phase and a neutral wire, or three-hole for connection to a phase, a neutral, and a ground (earth) wire.
  • the electrical lead may be any electrical component with a first conductor and a second conductor, e.g. an electrical power cord.
  • the plug is particularly useful in making an electrical connection to a strip heater, i.e. an elongate heating element which comprises at least two electrodes.
  • the first conductor is one electrode of the heater and the second conductor is the other electrode of the heater.
  • the strip heater may comprise a conductive polymer, i.e. a composition in which a particulate conductive filler is dispersed or otherwise distributed in a polymeric component.
  • a conductive polymer i.e. a composition in which a particulate conductive filler is dispersed or otherwise distributed in a polymeric component.
  • Particularly preferred are self-regulating conductive polymer heaters, i.e. those which exhibit PTC (positive temperature coefficient) behavior.
  • the electrodes of a self-regulating heater are generally elongate metal wires or braid which are parallel and spaced apart. They are attached to or embedded in a resistive element which comprises the conductive polymer and is often in the form of a continuous strip.
  • the resistive element and the electrodes In order to provide environmental protection and electrical insulation, it is common for the resistive element and the electrodes to be covered by a dielectric layer, e.g. a polymeric jacket.
  • a metallic grounding braid is often present over the dielectric layer in order to provide physical reinforcement and a means of electrically grounding the strip heater.
  • PTC behavior is used in this specification to denote a composition or an electrical device which has an R14 value of at least 2.5 or an R100 value of at least 10, and preferably both, and particularly one which has an R30 value of at least 6, where R14 is the ratio of the resistivities at the end and the beginning of a 14°C range, R100 is the ratio of the resistivities at the end and the beginning of a 100°C range, and R30 is the ratio of the resistivities at the end and the beginning of a 30°C range.
  • Self-regulating conductive polymer heaters which exhibit PTC behavior, and appropriate conductive polymer compositions, are disclosed in U.S. Patents Nos.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram for an electrical connector in the form of a plug which is designed for insertion into an electrical power outlet.
  • a first contact member 2 comprises a first prong 4 which can be inserted into one socket of the outlet and a first fuse-contact section 6.
  • a second contact member 8 comprises a second fuse-contact section 10 and a first conductor-contact section 12 to which a first conductor of an electrical lead can be physically and electrically connected.
  • a third contact member 14 comprises a second conductor-contact section 16 to which the second conductor of an electrical lead can be physically and electrically connected and a second prong 18 which can be inserted into the other socket of the outlet.
  • a signal member 20 is electrically connected between the second and third contact members.
  • the signal member 20 is electrically in series with a first resistor 22 and a second resistor 24.
  • the signal member 20 provides a signal if a fuse 26 connects the first and second fuse-contact sections 6,10. No signal is provided if there is no electrical connection between the first and second fuse-contact sections 6,10.
  • the signal member 20 may be a light, e.g. a light emitting diode (LED) which provides a visual signal, a bell or other apparatus which provides an audio signal, or an electrical switch which can generate an alarm signal. Other types of signal members may be appropriate in different circumstances.
  • LED light emitting diode
  • the first and second fuse-contact sections 6,10 are positioned to receive a fuse 26.
  • the selection of a specific fuse is dependent on the normal operating conditions and the anticipated fault conditions. Since the connection is made to a strip heater a very fast acting fuse, i.e. a fuse which has little, if any intentional delay in the overload region and which "trips" (opens) very rapidly when the current in the circuit comprising the fuse exceeds the rated value of the fuse.
  • Appropriate fuses are very fast-acting ceramic ferrule fuses with a current rating of 10 amperes and a voltage rating of 125/250 volts. Such fuses are available, for example, from the Bussman Division of Cooper Industries under the name Buss GBBTM-10.
  • Figure 2 shows an exploded view of one specific embodiment of a connector in the form of a plug which is designed to connect the conductors of a first electrical lead 28 to an electrical power outlet.
  • the electrical lead 28 is a strip heater which comprises a resistive element 30, and embedded therein, a first conductor 32 and a second conductor 34.
  • the heater is surrounded by a metallic grounding braid 36. Both the first conductor 32 and the second conductor 34 have been stripped of the conductive polymer which comprises the resistive element 30 to allow easy insertion into the conductor-receiving member 38.
  • the conductor-receiving member 38 comprises a first channel 40, a second channel 42, and a third channel 44, designed for insertion of the first conductor 32, the second conductor 34, and the grounding lead 36, respectively.
  • Each channel is a tunnel which has a frusto-conical opening, both features sized so that the conductors inserted in them can be held by frictional forces.
  • the walls of the channels serve to prevent contact between the conductors.
  • a radial opening 46,48,50 is cut through each tunnel to allow electrical connection of the inserted conductor to the conductor-contact sections.
  • the conductor-receiving member which may include positioning pins or other design elements which are not shown, there is a unique mated configuration.
  • the first conductor 32 is in physical and electrical contact with the first conductor-contact section 12
  • the second conductor 34 is in physical and electrical contact with the second conductor-contact section 16
  • the grounding lead 36 is in physical and electrical contact with the grounding contact section 54.
  • the first and second conductor-contact sections 12, 16 and the grounding contact section 54 may comprise insulation-piercing means for use when the conductors are insulated with a polymeric jacket.
  • the conductor-connecting member further comprises first and second fuse-contact sections 6,10 designed to receive a fuse.
  • the first connection-making section 4 corresponds to the first prong of Figure 1 and the second connection-making section 18 corresponds to the second prong.
  • a ground-connection-making section 56 is also present to connect to the ground in the outlet.
  • the embodiment shown also comprises a base 58 for the conductor-connecting member 52 which can be welded, glued, or snapped into place.
  • a signal port 60 is positioned so that the signal member 20 will be visible.
  • Figure 2B shows the bottom of the conductor-connecting member 52 with the base 58 removed.
  • the signal member 20, an LED, and first and second resistors 22,24 are visible.
  • the first fuse-contact section 6 and the first connection-making section 4 are made from a single piece of metal, e.g. brass.
  • the second conductor-contact section 16 and the second connection-making section 18 are also made from a single piece of metal, as are the second fuse-contact section 10 and the fuse conductor-contact section 12.
  • the conductor-receiving member 38 is preferably made from an insulating material, e.g. a polymer. It is particularly preferred that it be made from a transparent polymer, e.g. polycarbonate, so that there is a visual indication that the conductors are properly positioned.
  • the conductor-receiving member 38 and the conductor-connecting member 52 are maintained in position by a closure means 62, e.g. a screw or a clamp. When mated properly, the plug provides adequate strain relief to the electrical lead. A minimum pull force of 20 pounds on the electrical lead is achieved. (The "pull force” or “pullout force” measures the amount of force required to pull the electrical lead 0.125 inch (0.318 cm) out of the plug.
  • the plug When the fuse 26 is in place but no conductors are inserted into the conductor-receiving member, the plug may be used to determine whether wall outlets are properly wired and/or live. If the fuse is electrically intact and there is no signal when the plug is placed into the outlet, that is an indication that the outlet is defective. Additional signal members can be incorporated into the plug to signal whether the phase and neutral wires are wired correctly. When there is a ground connection to the plug, additional signal members will indicate whether there is actually a ground.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a connector 64 which is designed to connect a first electrical lead 28 of a heater comprising first and second conductors 32,34 and a second electrical lead 66 comprising third and fourth conductors 68,70.
  • this connector 64 there are two conductor-receiving members 38,72.
  • the second conductor-receiving member 72 comprises two channels 74,76 for insertion of the third and fourth conductors 66,68.
  • a second closure means 78 maintains the second conductor-receiving member 72 in the mated configuration.
  • the third conductor 68 makes physical and electrical contact with the first connection-making section 4
  • the fourth conductor 70 makes physical and electrical contact with the second connection-making section 18.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Assemblage chauffant qui comporte :
    (A) un câble électrique (28) comportant un premier conducteur (32) et un second conducteur (34) ; et
    (B) un connecteur électrique comportant :
    (I) un élément (38) de réception de conducteurs qui comporte :
    (a) une première rainure (40) dans laquelle le premier conducteur (32) peut être placé, et
    (b) une seconde rainure (42) dans laquelle le second conducteur (34) peut être placé, et
    (II) un élément (52) de connexion de conducteurs qui comporte :
    (a) un premier élément de contact (2) qui comprend une première broche (4),
    (b) un deuxième élément de contact (8) qui comprend une première section (12) de contact avec un conducteur,
    (c) un troisième élément de contact (14) qui comprend (i) une seconde section (16) de contact avec un conducteur et (ii) une seconde broche (18) ;
    l'élément (38) de réception de conducteurs et l'élément (52) de connexion de conducteurs étant
    (i) mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre entre des configurations d'accouplement et de désaccouplement ;
    (ii) tels que si le premier conducteur (32) a été placé dans la première rainure (40) et le second conducteur (34) a été placé dans la deuxième rainure (42), l'élément (38) de réception de conducteurs, dans lequel les conducteurs sont placés, et l'élément (52) de connexion de conducteurs peuvent alors être amenés dans la configuration d'accouplement, configuration d'accouplement dans laquelle le premier conducteur (32) établit un contact physique et électrique avec la première section (12) de contact avec un conducteur et le second conducteur (34) établit un contact physique et électrique avec la seconde section (16) de contact avec un conducteur ;
    (iii) tels qu'ils peuvent être amenés dans la configuration d'accouplement uniquement si le premier conducteur (32) ou le second conducteur (34) a été placé en contact physique direct avec la rainure respective ;
    l'assemblage étant caractérisé en ce que :
    (e) le câble électrique (28) est un élément chauffant allongé comprenant :
    (i) un élément résistif (30), et
    (ii) le premier conducteur (32) et le second conducteur (34) qui sont connectés à l'élément résistif (30) ;
    (f) le connecteur électrique est une fiche électrique pour connecter le premier conducteur (32) et le second conducteur (34) à une prise d'énergie électrique ;
    (g) la première broche (4) convient à une insertion dans une douille de la prise d'énergie, et la seconde broche (18) convient à une insertion dans l'autre douille de la prise d'énergie ;
    (h) le premier élément de contact (2) comporte une première section (6) de contact avec un fusible et le deuxième élément (8) de contact comporte une seconde section (10) de contact avec un fusible ;
    (i) l'élément (52) de connexion de conducteurs comporte un élément (20) de signalisation qui est connecté entre les deuxième et troisième éléments (2, 8) de contact et qui produit un signal lorsqu'un courant le parcourt ;
    (j) les première et seconde broches (4, 18) sont agencées de manière que, lorsqu'elles sont insérées dans la prise d'énergie, l'élément (20) de signalisation produise un signal si un fusible (26) connecte les première et seconde sections (6, 10) de contact avec un fusible et ne produise pas de signal en l'absence d'une connexion électrique entre les première et seconde sections (6, 10) de contact avec un fusible ;
    (k) l'élément (38) de réception de conducteurs et l'élément (52) de connexion de conducteurs sont (i) mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre entre une configuration d'accouplement qui est unique et plusieurs configurations de désaccouplement ; et (ii) sont tels que, dans au moins certaines configurations de désaccouplement, le premier conducteur (32) peut être placé dans la première rainure (40) et le second conducteur (34) peut être placé dans la deuxième rainure (42) ; et en ce que
    (l) le connecteur électrique comporte (III) des moyens de fermeture (62) destinés à maintenir l'élément (38) de réception de conducteurs et l'élément (52) de connexion de conducteurs dans la configuration d'accouplement.
  2. Assemblage chauffant selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément (38) de réception de conducteurs est composé d'une matière isolante, avantageusement une matière isolante transparente.
  3. Assemblage chauffant selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel l'élément (20) de signalisation comprend une lampe.
  4. Assemblage chauffant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chacune des première et deuxième rainures (40, 42) se présente sous la forme d'un tunnel ayant une ouverture radiale et, lorsque l'élément (38) de réception de conducteurs et l'élément (52) de connexion de conducteurs sont dans la configuration d'accouplement, les sections respectives de réception de conducteurs passent dans les ouvertures radiales.
  5. Assemblage chauffant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément (38) de réception de conducteurs comporte une troisième rainure (44) dans laquelle un conducteur (36) de masse peut être placé lorsque l'élément (38) de réception de conducteurs et l'élément (52) de connexion de conducteurs sont dans au moins certaines des configurations de désaccouplement, et dans lequel l'élément (52) de connexion de conducteurs comporte une section (54) de contact de mise à la masse qui établit un contact avec le conducteur (36) de mise à la masse dans la configuration d'accouplement et une section (56) de réalisation d'une connexion de masse.
  6. Assemblage chauffant selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'une au moins de (a) la première section (12) de contact avec un conducteur et la première broche (4), et (b) la seconde section (16) de contact avec un conducteur et la seconde broche (18),est formée d'une seule pièce en métal.
  7. Assemblage chauffant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel (a) les première et deuxième rainures (40, 42) sont dimensionnées pour recevoir les premier et second conducteurs (32, 34) qui sont isolés avec une matière électriquement isolante, et (b) les première et seconde sections (12, 16) de contact avec des conducteurs comprennent des moyens de percement d'isolant qui percent la matière électriquement isolante lorsque les premier et second conducteurs sont insérés dans l'élément (38) de réception de conducteurs et lorsque l'élément (38) de réception de conducteurs et l'élément (52) de connexion de conducteurs sont amenés dans la configuration d'accouplement.
  8. Assemblage chauffant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément (38) de réception de conducteurs et l'élément (52) de connexion de conducteurs sont dans la configuration d'accouplement.
  9. Assemblage chauffant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément résistif comprend un polymère conducteur.
  10. Assemblage chauffant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant un fusible (26) monté entre les première et seconde sections (6, 10) de contact avec un fusible.
EP90915605A 1989-10-02 1990-10-02 Element de chauffage avec connecteur electrique Expired - Lifetime EP0494963B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US415757 1989-10-02
US07/415,820 US5004432A (en) 1989-10-02 1989-10-02 Electrical connector
US07/415,757 US5002501A (en) 1989-10-02 1989-10-02 Electrical plug
US415820 1989-10-02
PCT/US1990/005613 WO1991005377A1 (fr) 1989-10-02 1990-10-02 Connecteurs electriques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0494963A1 EP0494963A1 (fr) 1992-07-22
EP0494963B1 true EP0494963B1 (fr) 1996-03-20

Family

ID=27023091

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90915605A Expired - Lifetime EP0494963B1 (fr) 1989-10-02 1990-10-02 Element de chauffage avec connecteur electrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0494963B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE135851T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2066272A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69026102T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991005377A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI748571B (zh) * 2020-07-22 2021-12-01 敏翔股份有限公司 具加熱功能之裝置之電連接部

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5814111A (en) * 1995-03-14 1998-09-29 Shell Oil Company Gasoline compositions
US5718600A (en) * 1996-01-17 1998-02-17 Raychem Corporation Electrical plug
EP0908973A3 (fr) * 1997-10-07 2000-07-12 All-Line Inc. Fiche remplaçable avec protection contre des surtensions
JP4067181B2 (ja) * 1998-06-15 2008-03-26 スリーエム カンパニー 圧接結線用コネクタとその圧接方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB801052A (en) * 1956-01-11 1958-09-03 Walsall Conduits Ltd Improvements relating to electric plug connectors
US3184569A (en) * 1963-01-15 1965-05-18 Robert J Mclaren Combined plug receptacle and circuit overload protective device
WO1983002531A1 (fr) * 1982-01-12 1983-07-21 Derek Hayes Dispositif de couplage electrique
DE3203651A1 (de) * 1982-02-03 1983-08-18 Maigler, geb. Maigler, Brigitta, 7100 Heilbronn Steckverbinder und verbinder leiterplatte-kabel mit schneid-klemmkontaktanschluessen zum anschliessen von kabeln mit mehreren, mechanisch voneinander unabhaenigen, einzelleitern
US4684195A (en) * 1985-12-19 1987-08-04 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories Solderless electrical connector

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI748571B (zh) * 2020-07-22 2021-12-01 敏翔股份有限公司 具加熱功能之裝置之電連接部

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69026102D1 (de) 1996-04-25
CA2066272A1 (fr) 1991-04-03
EP0494963A1 (fr) 1992-07-22
WO1991005377A1 (fr) 1991-04-18
ATE135851T1 (de) 1996-04-15
DE69026102T2 (de) 1996-11-28

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