EP0491278B1 - Method and device for dedusting and/or classifying granular or fibrous material in an air stream - Google Patents

Method and device for dedusting and/or classifying granular or fibrous material in an air stream Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0491278B1
EP0491278B1 EP91121298A EP91121298A EP0491278B1 EP 0491278 B1 EP0491278 B1 EP 0491278B1 EP 91121298 A EP91121298 A EP 91121298A EP 91121298 A EP91121298 A EP 91121298A EP 0491278 B1 EP0491278 B1 EP 0491278B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
chute
flow
eddy flow
separation
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EP91121298A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0491278A3 (en
EP0491278A2 (en
Inventor
Holger Lübke
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LUEBKE, HOLGER
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/02—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents by reversal of direction of flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/08—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for dusting and / or classifying granular and / or fibrous substances in an air stream and a device for performing the method according to the preambles of claims 1 and 5 respectively.
  • a method is known in which the material to be viewed is placed in an upper opening of a Drop shaft is entered, which has an open shaft bottom with at least one shaft bottom opening, and in which a cylindrical, vortex-shaped rotating air flow with a horizontal axis of rotation is generated above the open shaft bottom, in the tangential area of which the visible material is taken up and the play of forces of centrifugal and frictional force of the accompanying air flow is suspended, whereby the coarse material separates due to the centrifugal force of the air vortex flow and is discharged downwards through the open shaft bottom, and in which the fine material is discharged from the drop shaft to an upper opening of the drop shaft with an exhaust air flow above the rotating air vortex flow.
  • the chute is closed at its upper end with a rotary valve.
  • the airflow is therefore controlled solely by changing the cross-section in the area of the shaft bottom.
  • the visible material must be accelerated by the upward flow at the boundary of the chute and the bottom of the shaft after the material has overcome the obstacle of the cellular wheel sluice.
  • centrifugal separators In the latter, an air flow generally rotating about a vertical axis is generated, the coarse material being thrown against the jacket wall of the centrifugal separator and sliding down into a collecting funnel, while the fine material is introduced into the center of the centrifugal separator and separated by an upward flowing air flow becomes.
  • centrifugal separators A disadvantage of the so-called centrifugal separators is that the material to be sifted cannot simply be poured into the centrifugal separator from above, but must be introduced with an air stream. In the present process, this results in e.g. the possibility of using a conveyor belt to pour the visible material directly into the chute.
  • the shaft is usually a shaft that converges towards the bottom of the shaft, so that the shaft preferably has a trapezoidal shape in cross section.
  • the shaft is provided with an approximately rectangular base.
  • the end walls that bound the shaft are fixed, while the converging shaft walls can also be adjustable, if necessary.
  • Another essential component of the method is that the branched-off partial air volume is guided to the upper opening of the chute with physical separation from the registered visible material.
  • the "physical separation” is carried out by an essentially perpendicular partition, which in turn can be height and side adjustable. Depending on the position of the partition opposite the rotating one Air flow ends, the visual limits and the discharge quantities can be varied.
  • the line of sight with regard to the separation of coarse and fine goods can also be adjusted by adjusting the chute dimensions, for example by adjusting the outer walls.
  • a further advantage and effect of the improvement of the method is achieved in that it is also carried out in several stages, namely by connecting at least one further chute in series behind the opening in the shaft bottom.
  • a device for carrying out the method has a chute for the entry of a visible material and is characterized in that the chute has a free opening and is provided with a shaft bottom with at least one opening, and that above the shaft bottom there is a roll-shaped air vortex flow, the lower run of which runs from the lower one Entry area extends to an opposite side wall, can be generated, and that a substantially perpendicular partition is arranged in the chute between the side walls, which ends above the axis of the cylindrical air vortex flow.
  • the opening is preferably a slot extending over the longitudinal extent of the chute base.
  • the inside width of the opening is preferably adjustable, the width of the slot being adjustable in particular in relation to a slot.
  • the vortex flow above the chute base can be generated by appropriate arrangement of air baffles, other air baffle elements and the like. It is also possible to use the vortex flow To produce an air blow pipe which is provided with air outlet slots pointing in the tangential direction or in a similar manner has a nozzle arrangement. It is also possible to generate the vortex flow with the aid of a closed, rotating roller arranged above the shaft bottom, the roller possibly showing surface structures which increase the air flow.
  • Figure 1 shows a device for dedusting and / or classifying granular and / or fibrous substances in an air stream.
  • the visible material 1 is entered into a free, upper opening 2 of a chute 3, that is to say in the present case it is carried over a conveyor belt 4 and thrown off by this conveyor belt, so that it falls into the chute 3 in free fall without the aid of any further funding.
  • Air is also drawn in through the upper entry opening 2 in addition to the visible material 1.
  • the chute 3 forms part of a system of walls, partitions and chutes arranged in a housing 5, which will be explained in the following.
  • the housing 5 is closed by two end faces 6, 7, which are only partially shown.
  • the upper limit of the housing 5 forms a cover 8, which is divided into the upper opening 2 and two exhaust ports 9, 9 '.
  • two shaft walls 10, 10 ' are installed essentially vertically in the housing, both of which, as indicated by the arrows P 1, P 2, can be moved and adjusted in an oscillating manner, the degree of adjustment by pistons known per se Cylinder elements 11 can be made.
  • the side walls 10, 10 ' have inwardly pointing air guiding webs (flaps) 12, 12'.
  • the shaft bottom 14 of the chute 3 there is accordingly a relatively wide slot 15 which extends over the entire longitudinal extent of the chute and is open at the bottom.
  • the slot 15 and the two air guide webs 12, 12 ' fill the width of the shaft bottom 14.
  • a secondary drop shaft 20 is arranged below the drop shaft 3, into which the coarse material discharged from the air vortex flow 17 first arrives.
  • a second vortex flow 21 is formed, from which the coarser material is separated and the finer material is guided upwards through the side shaft 22 behind the side wall 10 'and also under the force of centrifugal and frictional forces of the entraining air flow the upper bracket of the side wall 10 is carried out.
  • the vortex flow 17 or 21 is preferably generated by exhaust doors (not shown) connected to the exhaust ports 9, 9 ', which attract an amount of air through the upper opening 2, which, with a corresponding design of the lower shaft area, is converted into an vortex flow and maintained accordingly, a portion of the air is then branched off and can escape through the connecting pieces 9, 9 'with the fine material.
  • partition wall 26 which is also attached to the cover 8 hanging overhead.
  • the partition wall 26 ends freely above the axis of the air vortex flow 17 and is arranged such that it can be adjusted in height and swivel, as can be seen from FIG. 1. It also ends in an air duct. Part of the air in the air swirl flow is quasi peeled off from the partition wall 26 and directed upwards. By the height and side adjustment of the partition wall 26, the visual limit and the flow rate can also be set. Through the partition 26, the branched-off partial air quantity (part P4) is physically separated from the registered sight.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 a multi-stage viewing device for the method mentioned at the beginning is seen from the side.
  • the visible material (not shown) is poured into the upper opening of the chute 3 and reaches the shaft area formed by a partition wall 26 and a side wall 10 as far as the area of an open slot 15, above which a rotating roller 25 is arranged, with which one Vortex air flow can be generated.
  • the coarse material falling through the slot 15 is subjected to a further viewing stage with an air vortex flow 21 in the region of the lower end of the side wall 10, which in turn ends approximately halfway up another movable side wall 28 at a distance from it.
  • a further cascade is formed by an air vortex flow 21 ′′, the front wall 5 ′ of the housing and the already mentioned side wall 28 converging and converging at a distance that delimits the slot 29.
  • a further step is formed by a further, lowest side wall 30 and the lower part of the housing wall 5 ', via whose shaft sole opening 31 a further air swirl flow 21' '' is formed.
  • adjustment mechanisms 33, 33 ' are attached to the outside of the housing 5, with which the side walls can be adjusted manually or by means of servomotors (not shown), an adjustment being made in accordance with the requirements of the visual quality .
  • the vortex flow can also be produced by pneumatic or pneumatic-mechanical aids.

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  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)

Abstract

To remote granular or fibrous material from an air stream, the material (1) is passed into an upper opening (2) of a shaft (3) and a vortex of air stream is produced. Air is passed through the upper charge opening of the shaft together with the material (1) and the extra air is drawn into ther swirling flows. Thus, the granular material and additional air are separated from the discharged fine material and exhaust air flow through a perpendicular partition (26), which ends above the axis of the air vortex. The screening boundary w.r.t. the separation of the coarse and fine particles can be adjusted by moving the partition.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entstauben und/oder Klassieren von körnigen und/oder faserigen Stoffen in einem Luftstrom sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß den Oberbegriffen von Anspruch 1 bzw. 5.5. The invention relates to a method for dusting and / or classifying granular and / or fibrous substances in an air stream and a device for performing the method according to the preambles of claims 1 and 5 respectively.

Aus der Verfahrenstechnik sind zahlreiche Verfahren bekannt, in sogenannten Windsichtern körnige oder faserige Stoffe, beispielsweise Zement, flockige Stoffe und dergleichen, zu klassieren, zu sichten, zu entstauben und zu reinigen.Numerous processes are known from process engineering for classifying, classifying, dusting and cleaning granular or fibrous materials, for example cement, fluffy materials and the like, in so-called air classifiers.

Wesentliche Aufgaben bei der Weiterentwicklung bekannter Verfahren und Sichtvorrichtungen sind eine möglichst genaue Einhaltung festgelegter Sichtgrenzen, das heißt eine definierte Unterscheidung von Grob- und Feinkorn, eine einfache Bauweise des Sichters und eine vom Prinzip her mögliche Verschiebung der Sichtgrenzen je nach Erfordernis des zu sichtenden Gutes.Essential tasks in the further development of known methods and classifying devices are the most exact possible observance of defined visual limits, i.e. a defined distinction between coarse and fine particles, a simple design of the classifier and a possible shifting of the visual limits depending on the requirements of the material to be viewed.

Aus der GB-A 1.519.889 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem das Sichtgut in eine obere Öffnung eines Fallschachtes eingetragen wird, der eine offene Schachtsohle mit wenigstens einer Schachtsohlenöffnung aufweist, und bei dem oberhalb der offenen Schachtsohle eine walzenförmige, wirbelförmig rotierende Luftströmung mit horizontaler Rotationsachse erzeugt wird, in deren Tangentialbereich das Sichtgut aufgenommen und dem Kräftespiel von Zentrifugal- und Reibungskraft des mitführenden Luftstromes ausgesetzt wird, wobei sich aufgrund der Zentrifugalkraft der Luftwirbelströmung das Grobgut abscheidet und durch die offene Schachtsohle nach unten ausgetragen wird, und bei dem oberhalb der rotierenden Luftwirbelströmung das Feingut aus dem Fallschacht zu einer oberen Öffnung des Fallschachtes mit einem Abluftstrom abgeleitet wird. Der Fallschacht ist an seinem oberen Ende mit einer Zellenradschleuse druckdicht verschlossen. Die Steuerung des Luftstroms erfolgt demnach allein durch eine Querschnittsveränderung im Bereich der Schachtsohle. Das Sichtgut muß an der Grenze von Fallschacht und Schachtsohle von der Aufwärtsströmung beschleunigt werden, nachdem das Fallgut das Hindernis der Zellenradschleuse überwunden hat.From GB-A 1,519,889 a method is known in which the material to be viewed is placed in an upper opening of a Drop shaft is entered, which has an open shaft bottom with at least one shaft bottom opening, and in which a cylindrical, vortex-shaped rotating air flow with a horizontal axis of rotation is generated above the open shaft bottom, in the tangential area of which the visible material is taken up and the play of forces of centrifugal and frictional force of the accompanying air flow is suspended, whereby the coarse material separates due to the centrifugal force of the air vortex flow and is discharged downwards through the open shaft bottom, and in which the fine material is discharged from the drop shaft to an upper opening of the drop shaft with an exhaust air flow above the rotating air vortex flow. The chute is closed at its upper end with a rotary valve. The airflow is therefore controlled solely by changing the cross-section in the area of the shaft bottom. The visible material must be accelerated by the upward flow at the boundary of the chute and the bottom of the shaft after the material has overcome the obstacle of the cellular wheel sluice.

Es stellt sich demnach die Aufgabe, das Sichtgut ohne Hindernisse einfach in den Fallschacht einzubringen, wobei sowohl der eingesetzte Luftstrom effizient genutzt wird als auch auf Einspeisungsschleusen verzichtet werden kann.It is therefore the task of simply introducing the sighted goods into the chute without obstacles, the air flow used being used efficiently and feed locks being dispensed with.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art, dadurch daß

  • a) durch die obere (Eintrag-) Öffnung des Fallschachtes neben dem Sichtgut Luft angezogen wird, die in die Luftwirbelströmung(en) hineingezogen wird,
    und dadurch, daß
  • b) durch eine oberhalb der Achse der Luftwirbelströmung endende und im wesentlichen lotrecht verlaufende Trennwand das eingetragene Sichtgut mit der Zuluft von dem ausgetragenen Feingut und dem Abluftstrom körperlich getrennt wird.
This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned in the introduction in that
  • a) air is drawn in through the upper (entry) opening of the chute next to the visible material and is drawn into the air vortex flow (s),
    and in that
  • b) by an end that runs above the axis of the air vortex flow and runs essentially perpendicular Partition separates the registered visual goods with the supply air from the discharged fine material and the exhaust air flow.

Das Verfahren macht von einem ähnlichen Prinzip Gebrauch, wie es von sogenannten Zentrifugalabscheidern bekannt ist. Bei letzteren wird eine im allgemeinen um eine vertikale Achse rotierende Luftströmung erzeugt, wobei das Grobgut an die Mantelwand das Zentrifugalabscheiders geschleudert wird und nach unten in einen Auffangtrichter hineinrutscht, während das Feingut in die Mitte des Zentrifugalabscheiders eingetragen wird und durch einen nach oben strömenden Luftstrom abgeschieden wird. Nachteil bei den sogenannten Zentrifugalabscheidern ist, daß das zu sichtende Gut nicht einfach von oben in den Zentrifugalabscheider hineingeschüttet werden kann, sondern mit einem Luftstrom eingetragen werden muß. Im vorliegenden Verfahren ergibt sich damit z.B. die Möglichkeit, mit einem Förderband unmittelbar das einzutragende Sichtgut in den Fallschacht hineinzuschütten.The method uses a similar principle as is known from so-called centrifugal separators. In the latter, an air flow generally rotating about a vertical axis is generated, the coarse material being thrown against the jacket wall of the centrifugal separator and sliding down into a collecting funnel, while the fine material is introduced into the center of the centrifugal separator and separated by an upward flowing air flow becomes. A disadvantage of the so-called centrifugal separators is that the material to be sifted cannot simply be poured into the centrifugal separator from above, but must be introduced with an air stream. In the present process, this results in e.g. the possibility of using a conveyor belt to pour the visible material directly into the chute.

Üblicherweise handelt es sich um einen Schacht, der zur Schachtsohle hin konvergiert, so daß im Querschnitt der Schacht vorzugsweise etwa eine Trapezform hat. Der Schacht wird mit einer etwa rechteckigen Grundseite versehen. Die stirnseitigen Wände, die den Schacht begrenzen, sind fest, während die konvergierenden Schachtwände gegebenenfalls auch abstandsverstellbar sein können.It is usually a shaft that converges towards the bottom of the shaft, so that the shaft preferably has a trapezoidal shape in cross section. The shaft is provided with an approximately rectangular base. The end walls that bound the shaft are fixed, while the converging shaft walls can also be adjustable, if necessary.

Weiteres wesentliches Bestandteil des Verfahrens ist, daß die abgezweigte Teilluftmenge unter körperlicher Trennung von dem eingetragenen Sichtgut zur oberen Öffnung des Fallschachtes geleitet wird. Die "körperliche Trennung" wird durch eine im wesentlichen lotrecht verlaufende Trennwand vollzogen, die wiederum höhen- und seitenverstellbar sein kann. Je nachdem, in welcher Position die Trennwand gegenüber der rotierenden Luftströmung endet, lassen sich die Sichtgrenzen und die Austragsmengen variieren.Another essential component of the method is that the branched-off partial air volume is guided to the upper opening of the chute with physical separation from the registered visible material. The "physical separation" is carried out by an essentially perpendicular partition, which in turn can be height and side adjustable. Depending on the position of the partition opposite the rotating one Air flow ends, the visual limits and the discharge quantities can be varied.

Die Sichtgrenze in Bezug auf die Trennung von Grob- und Feingut kann auch durch Verstellung der Fallschacht-Abmessungen geschehen, beispielsweise durch Verstellen der Außenwände.The line of sight with regard to the separation of coarse and fine goods can also be adjusted by adjusting the chute dimensions, for example by adjusting the outer walls.

Ein weiterer Vorteil und Effekt der Verbesserung des Verfahrens wird dadurch erreicht, daß dieses auch mehrstufig, und zwar durch Hintereinanderschaltung wenigstens eines weiteren Fallschachtes hinter die Schachtsohlen-Öffnung durchgeführt wird.A further advantage and effect of the improvement of the method is achieved in that it is also carried out in several stages, namely by connecting at least one further chute in series behind the opening in the shaft bottom.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens besitzt einen Fallschacht zum Eintrag eines Sichtgutes und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Fallschacht eine freie Öffnung besitzt und mit einer Schachtsohle mit wenigstens einer Öffnung versehen ist, und daß oberhalb der Schachtsohle eine walzenförmige Luftwirbelströmung, deren Untertrum sich vom unteren Eintrittsbereich bis zu einer gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand erstreckt, erzeugbar ist, und daß im Fallschacht zwischen dessen Seitenwänden eine im wesentlichen lotrecht verlaufende Trennwand angeordnet ist, die oberhalb der Achse der walzenförmigen Luftwirbelströmung endet.A device for carrying out the method has a chute for the entry of a visible material and is characterized in that the chute has a free opening and is provided with a shaft bottom with at least one opening, and that above the shaft bottom there is a roll-shaped air vortex flow, the lower run of which runs from the lower one Entry area extends to an opposite side wall, can be generated, and that a substantially perpendicular partition is arranged in the chute between the side walls, which ends above the axis of the cylindrical air vortex flow.

Die Öffnung ist vorzugsweise ein sich über die Längsausdehnung der Fallschachtsohle erstreckender Schlitz. Vorzugsweise ist die Öffnung in ihrer lichten Weite verstellbar, wobei insbesondere in Bezug auf einen Schlitz dessen Breite verstellbar ist.The opening is preferably a slot extending over the longitudinal extent of the chute base. The inside width of the opening is preferably adjustable, the width of the slot being adjustable in particular in relation to a slot.

Die Erzeugung der Wirbelströmung oberhalb der Fallschachtsohle kann durch entsprechende Anordnung von Luftleitblechen, anderen Luftleitelementen und dergleichen erfolgen. Es ist auch möglich, die Wirbelströmung mit Hilfe eines Luftausblasrohres zu erzeugen, das mit in Tangentialrichtung weisenden Luftaustrittsschlitzen versehen ist oder in ähnlicher Weise eine Düsenanordnung aufweist. Es ist auch möglich, die Wirbelströmung mit Hilfe einer geschlossen, oberhalb der Schachtsohle angeordneten, rotierenden Walze zu erzeugen, wobei die Walze gegebenenfalls Oberflächenstrukturen ausweist, die die Luftströmung erhöhen.The vortex flow above the chute base can be generated by appropriate arrangement of air baffles, other air baffle elements and the like. It is also possible to use the vortex flow To produce an air blow pipe which is provided with air outlet slots pointing in the tangential direction or in a similar manner has a nozzle arrangement. It is also possible to generate the vortex flow with the aid of a closed, rotating roller arranged above the shaft bottom, the roller possibly showing surface structures which increase the air flow.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Die Figuren der Zeichnung zeigen im einzelnen:

Figur 1
in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Vorrichtung in perspektivischer, teilweise geschnittener Darstellung, aus der das Prinzip des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hervorgeht;
Figur 2
eine mehrstufe Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens,
Figur 3
eine Seitenansicht der Figur 2.
Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing. The figures in the drawing show in detail:
Figure 1
a perspective view of a device in perspective, partially sectioned view, from which the principle of the method according to the invention emerges;
Figure 2
a multi-stage device for performing the method,
Figure 3
2 shows a side view of FIG. 2.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Vorrichtung zum Entstauben und/oder Klassieren von körnigen und/oder faserigen Stoffen in einem Luftstrom. Das Sichtgut 1 wird in eine freie, obere Öffnung 2 eines Fallschachtes 3 eingetragen, das heißt im vorliegenden Falle über ein Förderband 4 herangetragen und von diesem Förderband abgeworfen, so daß es im freien Fall, ohne Zuhilfenahme eines weiteren Fördermittels in den Schacht 3 hineinfällt. Durch die obere Eintragsöffnung 2 wird neben dem Sichtgut 1 auch Luft angezogen.Figure 1 shows a device for dedusting and / or classifying granular and / or fibrous substances in an air stream. The visible material 1 is entered into a free, upper opening 2 of a chute 3, that is to say in the present case it is carried over a conveyor belt 4 and thrown off by this conveyor belt, so that it falls into the chute 3 in free fall without the aid of any further funding. Air is also drawn in through the upper entry opening 2 in addition to the visible material 1.

Der Fallschacht 3 bildet Teil eines in einem Gehäuse 5 angeordneten Systems von Wänden, Trennwänden und Fallschlitzen, das im folgenden erläutert werden wird. Stirnseitig ist das Gehäuse 5 durch zwei nur teilweise dargestellte Stirnseiten 6, 7 verschlossen. Die obere Begrenzung des Gehäuses 5 bildet ein Deckel 8, der aufgeteilt ist in die obere Öffnung 2 und in zwei Abluftstutzen 9, 9'. Ausgehend von dem Deckel 8 sind in das Gehäuse im wesentlichen lotrecht eingebaut zwei Schacht-Wände 10, 10', die beide, wie durch die Pfeile P₁, P₂ angedeutet, pendelnd beweglich und verstellbar ist, wobei der Grad der Verstellung durch an sich bekannte Kolben-Zylinder-Elemente 11 erfolgen kann. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, eine manuelle Verstellung durch Schraubenbolzen oder dergleichen durchzuführen. An ihrem unteren, freien Ende weisen die Seitenwände 10, 10' nach innen zeigende Luftleitstege (flaps) 12, 12' auf. In der Schachtsohle 14 des Fallschachtes 3 ist demnach ein relativ breiter, über die gesamte Längserstreckung des Fallschachtes verlaufender, nach unten offener Schlitz 15 vorhanden. Der Schlitz 15 und die beiden Luftleitstege 12, 12' füllen die Breite der Schachtsohle 14 aus.The chute 3 forms part of a system of walls, partitions and chutes arranged in a housing 5, which will be explained in the following. At the end, the housing 5 is closed by two end faces 6, 7, which are only partially shown. The upper limit of the housing 5 forms a cover 8, which is divided into the upper opening 2 and two exhaust ports 9, 9 '. Starting from the cover 8, two shaft walls 10, 10 'are installed essentially vertically in the housing, both of which, as indicated by the arrows P 1, P 2, can be moved and adjusted in an oscillating manner, the degree of adjustment by pistons known per se Cylinder elements 11 can be made. However, it is also possible to carry out a manual adjustment using screw bolts or the like. At their lower, free end, the side walls 10, 10 'have inwardly pointing air guiding webs (flaps) 12, 12'. In the shaft bottom 14 of the chute 3 there is accordingly a relatively wide slot 15 which extends over the entire longitudinal extent of the chute and is open at the bottom. The slot 15 and the two air guide webs 12, 12 'fill the width of the shaft bottom 14.

Allein durch die Luftführung und Ansaugleistung wird oberhalb des Schlitzes 15 eine walzenförmige, wirbelförmig rotierende Luftströmung (Luftwirbelströmung 17) erzeugt, die in der Figur 1 im Gegenuhrzeigersinn rotiert (Pfeil P₃). Das heißt, daß das Untertrum der Luftwirbelströmung 17 sich vom Eintrittsbereich des Sichtgutes 4 und der eintretenden Luft bis zu der gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand 10' erstreckt. Oberhalb der rotierenden Luftwirbelströmung 17 wird ein Teil des Luftstromes, Pfeile P₄, abgezweigt und zusammen mit dem darin geführten Feingut aus dem Fallschacht durch die Abluftstutzen 9, 9' abgeleitet. Das Grobgut wird aufgrund der Zentrifugalkraft der Luftwirbelströmung abgeschieden und fällt durch die offene Schachtsohle, das heißt durch den Schlitz 15 nach unten (Grobgut 18). Schon mit dieser Anordnung allein ist eine gewisse Sichtung möglich. In diesem Falle würde auf weitere Sichtungsstufen unterhalb des Schlitzes 15 verzichtet werden.Just by the air flow and suction power above the slot 15, a roller-shaped, vortex-shaped rotating air flow (vortex flow 17) is generated, which rotates counterclockwise in Figure 1 (arrow P₃). This means that the lower run of the air vortex flow 17 extends from the entry area of the material to be viewed 4 and the incoming air to the opposite side wall 10 '. Above the rotating air vortex flow 17, part of the air flow, arrows P₄, is branched off and, together with the fine material carried therein, is discharged from the chute through the exhaust air nozzles 9, 9 '. The coarse material is separated due to the centrifugal force of the air vortex flow and falls through the open shaft bottom, that is, through the slot 15 downwards (coarse material 18). With this arrangement alone, a certain sighting is possible. In this case, further viewing steps below the slot 15 would be dispensed with.

Sollen aber weitere Sichtungsstufen mit verfeinerter Sichtgrenzeneinstellung eingesetzt werden, so wird unterhalb des Fallschachtes 3 sich ein sekundärer Fallschacht 20 angeordnet, in den das aus der Luftwirbelströmung 17 ausgetragene Grobgut zunächst gelangt. In dem sekundären Fallschacht 20 bildet sich eine zweite Luftwirbelströmung 21 aus, aus der ebenfalls unter dem Kräftespiel von Zentrifugal- und Reibungskraft des mitführenden Luftstromes das grobere Gut abgeschieden und das feinere Gut durch den Seitenschacht 22 hinter der Seitenwand 10' nach oben geleitet wird und über die obere Halterung der Seitenwand 10 ausgetragen wird.If, however, further viewing stages with a refined viewing limit setting are to be used, a secondary drop shaft 20 is arranged below the drop shaft 3, into which the coarse material discharged from the air vortex flow 17 first arrives. In the secondary chute 20, a second vortex flow 21 is formed, from which the coarser material is separated and the finer material is guided upwards through the side shaft 22 behind the side wall 10 'and also under the force of centrifugal and frictional forces of the entraining air flow the upper bracket of the side wall 10 is carried out.

Die Luftwirbelstromung 17 bzw. 21 wird vorzugsweise durch an die Abluftstutzen 9, 9' angeschlossene Exhaustoren (nicht dargestellt) erzeugt, die durch die obere Öffnung 2 eine Luftmenge anziehen, die bei entsprechender Gestaltung des unteren Schachtbereiches in eine Luftwirbelströmung überführt und entsprechend unterhalten wird, wobei anschließend ein Teil der Luft abgezweigt wird und durch die Stutzen 9, 9' mit dem Feingut entweichen kann.The vortex flow 17 or 21 is preferably generated by exhaust doors (not shown) connected to the exhaust ports 9, 9 ', which attract an amount of air through the upper opening 2, which, with a corresponding design of the lower shaft area, is converted into an vortex flow and maintained accordingly, a portion of the air is then branched off and can escape through the connecting pieces 9, 9 'with the fine material.

Die durch die Abluftstutzen 9, 9' angezogene Luft strömt hauptsächlich durch den Fallschacht 3 und die Einlaßöffnung 2 ein. Es ist aber auch möglich, weitere Luft durch die Wandung 5' des Gehäuses 5, in der entsprechende Öffnungen 27, 27' eingelassen sind, einströmen zu lassen. Die Öffnungen 27, 27' können durch Klappen oder auch durch aktive Ventilatoren mit einem verstellbaren Luftstrom beschickt werden.The air drawn in by the exhaust ports 9, 9 'flows mainly through the chute 3 and the inlet opening 2. However, it is also possible to allow further air to flow in through the wall 5 'of the housing 5, in which corresponding openings 27, 27' are let in. The openings 27, 27 'can be fed with an adjustable air flow by flaps or also by active fans.

Es ist aber auch möglich, die Luftwirbelströmung durch pneumatische Mittel zu erzeugen und aufrecht zu erhalten. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, ein Luftausblasrohr 25 (vgl. Fig. 2) oberhalb der Fallschachtsohle 14 anzuordnen, in das eine Luftmenge eingeblasen wird, in tangentialer Richtung über entsprechend angeordnete Luftaustrittschlitze nach außen tritt und hierdurch die Luftwirbelströmung 17 erzeugt. Eine andere Möglichkeit wäre, daß oberhalb der Schachtsohle eine rotierende Walze 25' angeordnet ist, die mit entsprechenden Blättern oder Flossen versehen ist, um die Luftwirbelströmung zu erzeugen. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, die vorstehenden Mittel miteinander zu kombinieren und einen sich verstärkenden Effekt damit hervorzubringen.However, it is also possible to generate and maintain the air vortex flow by pneumatic means. For example, it is possible to have an air blow pipe 25 (see FIG. 2) above the chute base 14 to be arranged, into which an amount of air is blown in, comes out in the tangential direction via correspondingly arranged air outlet slots and thereby generates the air vortex flow 17. Another possibility would be that a rotating roller 25 'is arranged above the shaft bottom, which is provided with corresponding blades or fins in order to generate the air vortex flow. Of course, it is also possible to combine the above means with one another and thus to produce an intensifying effect.

Schließlich ist noch auf ein weiteres wesentliches Einzelteil einzugehen, nämlich auf die Trennwand 26, die ebenfalls an dem Deckel 8 über Kopf hängend angebracht ist. Die Trennwand 26 endet frei oberhalb der Achse der Luftwirbelströmung 17 und ist höhen- und schwenkverstellbar angeordnet, wie dies aus Figur 1 hervorgeht. Sie endet ebenfalls in einem Luftleitsteg. Von der Trennwand 26 wird ein Teil der in der Luftwirbelströmung befindlichen Luft quasi abgeschält und nach oben geleitet. Durch die Höhen- und Seitenverstellung der Trennwand 26 läßt sich ebenfalls die Sichtgrenze und die Fördermenge einstellen. Durch die Trennwand 26 wird auch die abgezweigte Teilluftmenge (Teil P₄) körperlich von dem eingetragenen Sichtgut getrennt.Finally, another essential individual part has to be dealt with, namely the partition wall 26, which is also attached to the cover 8 hanging overhead. The partition wall 26 ends freely above the axis of the air vortex flow 17 and is arranged such that it can be adjusted in height and swivel, as can be seen from FIG. 1. It also ends in an air duct. Part of the air in the air swirl flow is quasi peeled off from the partition wall 26 and directed upwards. By the height and side adjustment of the partition wall 26, the visual limit and the flow rate can also be set. Through the partition 26, the branched-off partial air quantity (part P₄) is physically separated from the registered sight.

In den Figuren 2 und 3 ist eine mehrstufig arbeitende Sichtvorrichtung für das eingangs genannte Verfahren von der Seite gesehen dargestellt. In die obere öffnung des Fallschachtes 3 wird das (nicht dargestellte) Sichtgut eingeschüttet und gelangt in den durch eine Trennwand 26 und eine Seitenwand 10 gebildeten Schachtbereich bis in den Bereich eines offenen Schlitzes 15, oberhalb dem eine rotierende Walze 25 angeordnet ist, mit der eine Luftwirbelströmung erzeugbar ist. Eine weitere verstellbare Seitenwand 10, die die Seitenwand 10' nach unten überragt, bildet teilweise einen konvergierenden Fallschacht 3.In FIGS. 2 and 3, a multi-stage viewing device for the method mentioned at the beginning is seen from the side. The visible material (not shown) is poured into the upper opening of the chute 3 and reaches the shaft area formed by a partition wall 26 and a side wall 10 as far as the area of an open slot 15, above which a rotating roller 25 is arranged, with which one Vortex air flow can be generated. Another adjustable side wall 10, the side wall 10 'down towering over, partially forms a converging chute 3.

Das durch den Schlitz 15 fallende Grobgut wird einer weiteren Sichtstufe mit einer Luftwirbelströmung 21 unterzogen im Bereich des unteren Endes der Seitenwand 10, die wiederum etwa auf halber Höhe einer weiteren beweglichen Seitenwand 28 in Abstand von dieser endet. Eine weitere Kaskade wird durch eine Luftwirbelströmung 21'' gebildet, wobei die Vorderwand 5' des Gehäuses und die bereits erwähnte Seitenwand 28 konvergieren und in einem Abstand zusammenlaufen, der den Schlitz 29 begrenzt. Eine weitere Stufe wird durch eine weitere, unterste Seitenwand 30 und den unteren Teil der Gehäusewand 5' gebildet, über deren Schachtsohlenöffnung 31 sich eine weitere Luftwirbelströmung 21''' ausbildet. Auf vorgenannte Weise erfolgt eine mehrstufige, kaskadenartige Sichtung, die die Feinheit der Sichtung und die Genauigkeit der Korngrenze wesentlich erhöht. Die Luftströmung kann, wie bereits erwähnt, durch Öffnungen 27, 27' in der Gehäusewand 5' unterstützt werden.The coarse material falling through the slot 15 is subjected to a further viewing stage with an air vortex flow 21 in the region of the lower end of the side wall 10, which in turn ends approximately halfway up another movable side wall 28 at a distance from it. A further cascade is formed by an air vortex flow 21 ″, the front wall 5 ′ of the housing and the already mentioned side wall 28 converging and converging at a distance that delimits the slot 29. A further step is formed by a further, lowest side wall 30 and the lower part of the housing wall 5 ', via whose shaft sole opening 31 a further air swirl flow 21' '' is formed. In the aforementioned manner, a multi-stage, cascade-like sifting takes place, which significantly increases the finesse of the sifting and the accuracy of the grain boundary. As already mentioned, the air flow can be supported by openings 27, 27 'in the housing wall 5'.

Wie aus der Seitenansicht gemäß Figur 3 ersichtlich ist, sind außen an dem Gehäuse 5' Verstellmechanismen 33, 33' angebracht, mit denen manuell oder durch Servomotoren (nicht dargestellt) eine Verstellung der Seitenwände erfolgen kann, wobei entsprechend den Erfordernissen der Sichtqualität eine Einstellung erfolgt. Die Herstellung der Wirbelströmung kann im vorliegenden Beispiel ebenfalls durch pneumatische oder pneumatisch-mechanische Hilfsmittel erfolgen.As can be seen from the side view according to FIG. 3, adjustment mechanisms 33, 33 'are attached to the outside of the housing 5, with which the side walls can be adjusted manually or by means of servomotors (not shown), an adjustment being made in accordance with the requirements of the visual quality . In the present example, the vortex flow can also be produced by pneumatic or pneumatic-mechanical aids.

Claims (15)

  1. Method for removing dust from and/or classifying granular and/or fibrous substances ("material for separation") in an air flow, wherein the material for separation (1) is fed into a top opening (2) of a chute (3), which has an open chute bottom (14) with at least one chute bottom opening (15), wherein a cylindrical air flow rotating in eddy fashion (air eddy flow (17, 21, 21', 21'', 21''')) with a horizontal axis of rotation is produced above the open chute bottom (14), in the tangential area of which flow the material for separation is taken up and subjected to the play of centrifugal and frictional forces of the entraining air flow, the coarse material separating due to the centrifugal force of the air eddy flow and being discharged downwards through the open chute bottom (14), and wherein the fine material is carried out of the chute (3) with an exhaust air flow above the rotating air eddy flow (17, 21, 21', 21'', 21''') to a top opening (9) of the chute, characterised in that,
    a) in addition to the material for separation (1), air is drawn through the top (feed) opening (2) of the chute (3), which air is drawn into the air eddy flow(s) (17, 21, 21', 21'', 21'''),
    and in that
    b) the material for separation which is fed in is physically separated with the supply air from the discharged fine material and the exhaust air flow by a partition (26) which ends above the axis of the air eddy flow and extends essentially vertically.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the separation boundary with respect to the separation of coarse and fine material is altered by moving the partition (26).
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the separation boundary with respect to the separation of coarse and fine material is altered by adjusting the chute dimensions.
  4. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the method is carried out in a plurality of stages by arranging at least one further chute (20) in series after the chute bottom opening (14).
  5. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1 and possibly subsequent claims 2 to 4, with a chute for feeding in a material for separation, characterised in that the chute (3) has a free top opening (2) and is provided with a chute bottom (14) with at least one opening (15), and that a cylindrical air eddy flow (17, 21, 21', 21'', 21''') can be produced above the chute bottom (14), the lower part of which flow extends from the bottom entry area to an opposite side wall (10'), and that a partition (26) which ends above the axis of the cylindrical air eddy flow (17) and extends essentially vertically is arranged in the chute (3) between the side walls (10, 10') of the latter.
  6. Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the partition (26) is arranged such that it can be moved and/or vertically adjusted relative to the chute walls (10, 10').
  7. Device according to claims 5 and 6, characterised in that the partition (26) is suspended in pendulum fashion in the head area of the chute (3).
  8. Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the chute (3) converges from its top (2) to bottom opening (slit 15).
  9. Device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterised in that at least one of the side walls (10, 10'), extending tangentially to the air eddy flow, of the chute can be moved relative to the axis of rotation of the air eddy flow.
  10. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the opening (15) is a slit (15) which extends over the longitudinal extent of the chute bottom.
  11. Device according to claim 5 or 10, characterised in that the clear width of the chute bottom, in particular the slit width, can be adjusted.
  12. Device according to at least one of claims 5 to 11, characterised in that further chutes (20) with an eddy flow are disposed below the chute bottom (14).
  13. Device according to at least one of claims 5 to 12, characterised in that the eddy flow can be produced and controlled with the aid of air guide strips (12, 12') disposed out of the ... at or in the area of the ends of the chute walls and/or of the partitions.
  14. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the air eddy flow can be produced with the aid of an air blast pipe which is provided with air outlet slits pointing in the tangential direction.
  15. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the air eddy flow can be produced or intensified with the aid of rotating rollers (25) arranged above the chute bottom.
EP91121298A 1990-12-19 1991-12-12 Method and device for dedusting and/or classifying granular or fibrous material in an air stream Expired - Lifetime EP0491278B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4040561 1990-12-19
DE4040561A DE4040561C2 (en) 1990-12-19 1990-12-19 Device for dusting and / or classifying visible material in an air stream

Publications (3)

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EP0491278A2 EP0491278A2 (en) 1992-06-24
EP0491278A3 EP0491278A3 (en) 1993-01-27
EP0491278B1 true EP0491278B1 (en) 1995-06-28

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EP91121298A Expired - Lifetime EP0491278B1 (en) 1990-12-19 1991-12-12 Method and device for dedusting and/or classifying granular or fibrous material in an air stream

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AT (1) ATE124300T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4040561C2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4232948C2 (en) * 1992-10-01 1995-11-16 Motan Verfahrenstechnik Countercurrent thread sifter and method for cleaning granules using this thread sifter
US5507439A (en) * 1994-11-10 1996-04-16 Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corporation Method for milling a powder
AT403133B (en) * 1996-03-14 1997-11-25 Scheuch Alois Gmbh SAFE
ES2130942B1 (en) * 1996-06-18 2000-02-16 Fundacion Leia Centro De Desar EQUIPMENT FOR SEPARATION OF VOLATILE PRODUCTS IN URBAN WASTE TREATMENT PLANTS.
DE19718158C2 (en) * 1997-04-29 2003-04-24 Kvaerner Panel Sys Gmbh Method and device for windsifting separation
CN107952576B (en) * 2017-11-16 2024-03-19 广西浩林人造板股份有限公司 Fiberboard trimming material regenerated fiber particle separating device
CN112756258B (en) * 2020-12-25 2023-08-04 南京瑞艺谷智能科技有限公司 Coix seed processing edulcoration device for food therapy

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE453358C (en) * 1925-09-25 1927-12-05 Kurt Gerson Dipl Ing Device for the separation of components of different specific weights and different sizes of composite material by an air stream
DE506318C (en) * 1928-08-04 1930-09-11 Hartstoff Metall A G Hametag Wind sifter with a plurality of baffles arranged at an angle, one above the other
US2968400A (en) * 1957-11-12 1961-01-17 Clute Corp Material collector
US3883423A (en) * 1973-08-01 1975-05-13 Aerofall Mills Ltd Vertical classifier
US4010096A (en) * 1975-10-09 1977-03-01 Allis-Chalmers Corporation Pneumatic classifier for refuse material with adjustable air intake
US4010097A (en) * 1975-10-09 1977-03-01 Allis-Chalmers Corporation Pneumatic classifier for refuse material with double vortex airflow

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EP0491278A3 (en) 1993-01-27
DE4040561C2 (en) 1995-10-05
EP0491278A2 (en) 1992-06-24
DE4040561A1 (en) 1992-07-02
DE59105868D1 (en) 1995-08-03
ATE124300T1 (en) 1995-07-15

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