EP0489251B1 - Method for manufacturing stairs with stringers - Google Patents

Abstract

The stringer stairs (50) and the method for their construction relate to wall stringers (51) and inner stringers (52) which are divided into sections and fixed to one another and to the wall at the corners using boards and screw connections. Steps (53) are inserted into step recesses. Balustrades (54) are incorporated. A floor fixture is provided. The entire stringer stairs (50) are designed for prefabrication and rapid assembly. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method for creating a cheek staircase and a cheek staircase according to the method with wall cheek, inner cheek and steps which are connected to one another.

Many designs of cheek stairs are known. As a rule, at least some parts of the cheeks are made straight and from solid wood - today mostly glued solid wood strips - and provided with the depressions referred to in artisanal technology as caulking or caulking for the insertion of the step ends. These cheeks are called wall cheeks on the side of the stairwell wall and free cheeks on the other side of the step on the side of the staircase facing the room or facing the eye. Up to now, the wall cheeks have generally been made longer in a suitable manner than is necessary for the connection of further cheek parts, in order to let these free ends into the stairwell wall, in a pedestal or in a floor ceiling and thereby the occurring vertical and horizontal forces safely into load-bearing parts to transfer the structure. These parts, which extend beyond the actual staircase, serve to securely anchor the previous fastening techniques. However, they require considerable manual work and are therefore very expensive. They also require more than one person to assemble the stairs. Furthermore, it is common to connect cheek parts adjoining one another at angles for the transmission of vertical forces with dowels which are generally made of wood. Matching dowel holes must be made in both cheek parts and the dowels must first be inserted in one cheek part so that they protrude beyond the pad. Then the cheeks are joined by moving them towards each other in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the dowel. This requires two people. Vertical movements between the cheek parts during assembly are not possible with such a dowel connection and consequently assembly rationalizations can only be realized to a limited extent. The other connections and designs of cheek stairs and their parts are mostly based on conventional techniques from times when materials and tools, as well as tools using technology, were significant as a cost factor for the entire staircase compared to manual work and the time required for this.

In recent times, various proposals have been made to rationalize the manufacture and assembly of stair parts and entire stairs. Among these, the proposal according to FR-A-2 332 396, according to which the cheek parts connected and supported by means of posts are supported with supports reaching to the floor during the assembly of the stair parts, and the proposal according to FR-A- are of importance for partial areas of the present invention. 2 573 796, after which the divided cheeks are held together with concealed clamping screws.

Due to the higher development of manufacturing and processing and assembly technologies and the change in social and income structures, the cost-causing conditions for stairs, especially for stairs made of or using wood, have shifted considerably, so that the cost factor of assembly work is of crucial importance for the application of cheek stairs in the individual, inexpensive building corresponding to a high standard of living.

Accordingly, the invention has for its object to design a low-priced cheek staircase with regard to its manufacture and assembly so that the assembly can be further improved and carried out by one person in a short time.

• unter Verwendung der Ist-Maße des Bauwerksbereiches der Wangentreppe werden auf geringen Wandabstand dimensionierte Wandwangen und Innenwangen mit ihren Stufenvertiefungen für die Stufenenden und die wenigstens teilweise gewendelten Stufen paßgenau Computergesteuert aus Holz und/oder Holzverbund-Werkstoffen gefertigt;
• an der Baustelle wird die Wandwange von unten beginnend und mit dübelfreien Eckstößen zusammengesetzt und
• unter Zuhilfenahme von Durchsteckdübeln in geeignet tragfähigen Wandbereichen, mit Zwischenlagen und/oder zwischengelegten Keilen an der Treppenhauswand und gegebenfalls mit höheneinstellbaren Abstützungsmitteln am Boden oder Podest abgestützt und befestigt;
• in Eckbereichen werden höherliegende Wangenteile während der Montage gegebenfalls mit ausziehbaren Stützen abgestützt;
• die plattenförmigen Stufen werden bei der Montage zunächst mit ihren wandseitigen Enden in die Stufenvertiefungen der Wandwangen-Abschnitte eingesteckt und an den freien Innenenden mit vorzugsweise höheneinstellbaren Stützelementen am Boden und aufeinander abgestützt und auf die den Vertiefungen der Innenwangen-Abschnitte entsprechenden Abstände eingestellt;
• die Innenwangen-Abschnitte werden von unten aufsteigend dem Aufbauablauf entsprechend auf die Stufenenden aufgesteckt und mit als Paßverbindungen ausgebildeten Schraubverbindungen untereinander verschraubt;
• die Innenwangen-Abschnitte werden in den Ecken direkt miteinander mit stirnseitig über Kreuz eingreifenden oder mit stirnseitig vorgesetzten Geländerpfosten, zumindest im Bereich der Antrittsstufe und der Austrittsstufe verschraubt;
• die Innenwangen-Abschnitte werden mit Wandwangen-Abschnitten unter Einspannung der Stufen mit Durchsteck-Spannschrauben miteinander verspannt oder an den Stufen mit in diesen befestigten Schraubverbindungen verschraubt;
• die Austrittsstufe wird mit einer Setzstufe versehen und mittels dieser an der oberen Geschoßdecke verschraubt;
• passend vorgefertigte Handlauf-Abschnitts-Elemente werden in den Ecken mit stirnseitig eingreifenden Schraubverbindungen miteinander und/oder mit den Geländerpfosten zusammengeschraubt.

According to the invention, the following features are provided in the manufacture and creation of a cheek staircase outlined in more detail at the front:

• Using the actual dimensions of the building area of the cheek staircase, wall walls and inner walls with their step recesses for the step ends and the at least partially spiraled steps dimensioned to a small distance from the wall are manufactured in a computer-controlled manner from wood and / or wood composite materials;
• at the construction site, the wall string is started from the bottom and assembled with dowel-free corner joints and
• with the help of push-in dowels in suitably load-bearing wall areas, with intermediate layers and / or wedges placed on the stairwell wall and, if necessary, supported and fastened to the floor or pedestal with height-adjustable support means;
• in corner areas, higher-lying cheek parts may be supported with pull-out supports during assembly;
• the panel-shaped steps are first inserted with their wall-side ends into the step recesses of the wall cheek sections and supported on the free inner ends with preferably height-adjustable support elements on the floor and on one another and adjusted to the spacings corresponding to the depressions of the inner cheek sections;
• the inner cheek sections are mounted on the step ends in ascending order according to the assembly process and screwed together with screw connections designed as fitting connections;
• the inner cheek sections are screwed in the corners directly to one another with railing posts engaging crosswise on the face or with railing posts placed on the face, at least in the area of the entry step and the exit step;
• the inner cheek sections are clamped together with wall cheek sections while clamping the steps with push-through clamping screws or screwed to the steps with screw connections fastened in them;
• the exit step is provided with a riser and is screwed to the upper floor ceiling by means of this;
• Suitably prefabricated handrail section elements are screwed together in the corners with screw connections that engage at the front and / or with the railing posts.

By combining these individual measures, which may seem simple at a later stage, it is now possible for the first time to have one person assemble a cheek staircase that can be offered and manufactured industrially by one person in an extremely short time. Due to the sensible design of the cheeks and all connecting parts, piece by piece can be put together quickly by one person. Above all, by eliminating the dowels and / or bolts that protrude beyond the connecting surfaces and interfere with the joining of the wall cheek sections in the corners, it is possible to design the assembly in this way by suitable design of engaging surfaces that the lower cheek section element is first arranged securely and then the placement of another wall cheek section from above is possible with appropriate insertion into spaces between the cheek end and the wall. Since the cheek is mounted at a short distance from the wall, then wedged back and fastened with continuous screws that pass from the inside of the staircase, there are no assembly problems, as always had to be observed when inserting dowels into dowel holes. The screws are screwed into standard dowels or inserted together with them in the manner of push-through installation. The dowels engage in suitably drilled dowel holes in the stairwell wall. It is preferably used in Recessed screws, especially those with countersunk heads. In order to be able to transfer large forces well and safely, screws with internal recesses for the tools are selected that are multi-toothed and with rounded tooth flanks, such as those that are tradable under the trademark 'TORX' (R), which does not belong to the applicant. The well, which was previously made clean, is closed with a suitable stopper made of wood or possibly plastic, which can also rip into the screw head. The securing in the tool recess of the multi-tooth rounded type is of particular importance because it works with essentially axially parallel flanks and can therefore hold corresponding engagement pins well.

Due to the fact that there is no pin connection on the inner cheek or free cheek or stair eye cheek, but rather a connection with factory-fitted, expansion-free threaded sleeves and cylinder head screws screwed into them through fitting holes in the counterpart, one obtains those with automated and above all EDP-supported machine tools designed connection bores and commercially available shaft machine thread screws with cylinder head or outer profile head a vertical force, even without additional dowels, which perfectly satisfies all fatigue strength requirements is particularly quick and easy to assemble and, above all, allows the cheek sections to be assembled gradually by one person and accordingly to be plugged onto the ends of the steps in accordance with the assembly process. The assembly and a permanently rattle and squeak-free connection benefit from another important feature of the embodiment of the invention. The step ends are preferably not simply cut straight or designed with a simple chamfer or simple other edge breaking, but with a cleanly executed edge rounding with a large radius of, for example, 8 mm. In the device part of the invention, it should be emphasized that the step ends are provided with slots, the depth of which is somewhat less than the depth of the step recesses in the cheek and which extend over the entire recessed step, with a slot approximately in the middle of the height or two slots distributed over the height can be provided. The end of the step can be compressed slightly elastically during assembly and, thanks to the flat outlet of the curve, can be inserted even with a slightly sloping attachment. To improve transportation, longer cheek sections can be divided - as is known per se - and assembled during assembly, as described in more detail below. Further details, features, advantages and aspects of the invention are dealt with in the further claims and in the description part drawn up below with reference to the drawings.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below, together with some variants, using the drawings:

Fig. 1

eine schematisierte Schrägansicht einer Treppe, bei der Decke und Teile der Treppenhauswände weggelassen sind;

Fig. 2

eine Schrägansicht des Anfangs der Treppe in einem Zustand, in dem das erste Stück der Innenwange noch nicht aufgesetzt ist;

Fig. 3

einen Teilschnitt durch die Befestigung einer Wange an der Wand unter Zwischenlage von Keilen;

Fig. 4

die Schrägansicht einer Ecke der Wandwange ohne Stufen im Zustand des Einsetzens des Durchsteckdübels für die Wandbefestigung;

Fig. 5

einen Vertikalschnitt durch Wand und Wandwange im Bereich einer Ecke;

Fig. 6

die Schräg-Teilansicht unter einer Stufe im Bereich der Ecke mit zwei aneinander anschliessenden Wandwangen-Abschnitten;

Fig. 7

eine auseinandergenommene Darstellung der Wandwangen-Abschnitte zur Veranschaulichung der Eingriffselemente und Abstützflächen;

Fig. 8

ein Schrägbild einer Ecke der montierten Wandwange ohne Stufen mit Montagestütze;

Fig. 9

ein Schrägbild des Treppenanfanges mit vier Stufen im Zustand des Aufsetzens des ersten Innenwangen-Abschnitts mit Geländerpfosten;

Fig. 10

einen Vertikalteilschnitt durch eine Stufe und die darunter liegende Verspannung von Wandwange und Innenwange;

Fig. 11

eine der Fig. 10 entsprechende Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante;

Fig. 12

einen Teilhorizontalschnitt längs der Linie 12-12 in Fig. 11;

Fig. 13

die Abwicklung von drei Innenwangen-Abschnitten mit Geländerstäben und Geländerabschnitten, die im wesentlichen der Fig. 1 entsprechen, jedoch keine Eckgeländerposten enthalten;

Fig. 14

eine Darstellung der Verbindungen der Innenwangen-Abschnitte ohne Geländerpfosten, wobei alle drei Wangenabschnitte in eine Ebene geklappt sind und der zweite Wangenabschnitt starkzusammengezogen und gestrichelt dargestellt ist;

Fig. 15

ein Schrägbild des obersten Endes der Treppe ohne Geländer;

Fig. 16

einen Vertikalschnitt durch das obere Treppenende und den Fußboden im Bereich des Austritts mit Darstellung der Treppenbefestigung;

Fig. 17

einen Teil-Vertikalschnitt im Bereich des Beginns der Innenwange mit Geländeranfangspfosten und Höheneinstelleinrichtung;

Fig. 18

ein Teil-Schrägbild im Bereich des Geländeranfangspfostens im Zustand kurz vor dem Befestigen des Handlaufs;

Fig. 19

eine schematisierte Seitenansicht des untersten Innenwangen-Abschnittes mit Geländeranfangspfosten und erstem Eckpfosten;

Fig. 20

eine schematisierte Seitenansicht des obersten Innenwangen-Abschnittes mit Anschluß an die Decke und Darstellung des Austrittsgeländerpfostens und des oberen Eckgeländerpfostens;

Fig. 21

einen vergrößerte Teil-Vertikalschnitt durch das oberste Ende des Geländereckpfostens mit Anschluß des unteren Geländerabschnittes;

Fig. 22

eine der Fig. 19 entsprechende Darstellung einer weiteren Variante für ein Geländer, wobei nur der untere Teil dargestellt ist;

Fig. 23

eine Vorderansicht auf den Geländer-Anfangs-Pfosten nach Fig. 22 und

Fig. 24

eine Seitenansicht einer geteilten und mit Dübeln und Schrauben mit Sternmutter verspannten Wandwange.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic oblique view of a staircase, the ceiling and parts of the staircase walls are omitted;

Fig. 2

an oblique view of the beginning of the stairs in a state in which the first piece of the inner cheek is not yet put on;

Fig. 3

a partial section through the attachment of a cheek to the wall with the interposition of wedges;

Fig. 4

the oblique view of a corner of the wall cheek without steps in the state of inserting the push-through dowel for wall fastening;

Fig. 5

a vertical section through the wall and wall cheek in the area of a corner;

Fig. 6

the partial oblique view under a step in the area of the corner with two adjoining wall cheek sections;

Fig. 7

a disassembled representation of the wall cheek sections to illustrate the engagement elements and support surfaces;

Fig. 8

an oblique image of a corner of the assembled wall cheek without steps with mounting bracket;

Fig. 9

an oblique view of the beginning of the stairs with four steps in the state of putting on the first inner cheek section with railing posts;

Fig. 10

a partial vertical section through a step and the underlying bracing of wall cheek and inner cheek;

Fig. 11

a representation of another embodiment variant corresponding to FIG. 10;

Fig. 12

a partial horizontal section along the line 12-12 in Fig. 11;

Fig. 13

the processing of three inner cheek sections with railing bars and railing sections, which essentially correspond to FIG. 1, but do not contain any corner railing posts;

Fig. 14

a representation of the connections of the inner cheek sections without railing posts, wherein all three cheek sections are folded into one plane and the second cheek section is shown contracted and dashed;

Fig. 15

an oblique picture of the top of the stairs without railings;

Fig. 16

a vertical section through the top of the stairs and the floor in the area of the exit showing the stair fastening;

Fig. 17

a partial vertical section in the area of the beginning of the inner cheek with railing post and height adjustment device;

Fig. 18

a partial oblique image in the area of the railing start post in the state just before the handrail is attached;

Fig. 19

a schematic side view of the lowest inner cheek section with railing start post and first corner post;

Fig. 20

a schematic side view of the top inner cheek section with connection to the ceiling and representation of the exit railing post and the upper corner railing post;

Fig. 21

an enlarged partial vertical section through the top end of the railing corner post with connection of the lower railing section;

Fig. 22

a representation corresponding to FIG. 19 of a further variant for a railing, only the lower part being shown;

Fig. 23

a front view of the railing start post of Fig. 22 and

Fig. 24

a side view of a divided and with wall anchors and screws with star nut braced wall cheek.

The stair design and stair assembly according to the invention is constructed and assembled from components optimized with regard to production, transport and assembly in the manner described below, the particularly advantageous embodiments of connection details according to the invention also being treated with their variants in the course of the treatment of the assembly process.

The cheek staircase 50 has a wall cheek 51, an inner cheek 52, steps 53 and a railing 54.

Wall cheek 51, inner cheek 52 and handrail 55 are divided into individual sections, which are each identified by decimal digits, with 51.1, 51.2, 51.3; according to the course of the stairs, their design and the circumstances of the staircase. 52.1, 52.2, 52.3; 54.1, 54.2, 54.3 and 55.1, 55.2, 55.3. The lengths of all components are preferably designed so that they do not exceed a standard length dimension. This standard length dimension can be determined by the longest step, by the greatest possible length of the transport pallet depending on the transport vehicle, or by the greatest possible length of the installer's transport vehicle. So it is possible that a whole. Cheek staircase for at least one floor in a suitably stable passenger car, possibly with a corresponding rear enlargement of the passenger compartment, can be accommodated in the manner of the touring vehicles. The load-bearing components subdivided in this way for the purpose of transport optimization are connected to one another and to the supporting structures of the structure in the manner according to the invention with the connecting forces which are transmitted over the long term with sufficient security with sufficient security.

An important feature of the staircase design, arrangement and assembly according to the invention is that the wall cheek 51 is mounted at a small distance 56 to the staircase wall 57, wedges 58, or double wedges 58.1 and 58.2 between the outer surfaces according to FIGS 56.1 of the wall cheek 51 and the surfaces 57.1 of the staircase wall 57 are placed and driven accordingly to maintain the correct distance. In this way, the inevitable construction tolerances can be compensated for and you can still use fully prefabricated connections in the factory, the components of which are manufactured in accordance with the plans and design controls created with the aid of EDP. In the illustration chosen here, the staircase was installed on the stairwell wall 57 after the plaster 57.2 had been applied.

First, the lower wall cheek section 51.1, possibly with the aid of a floor-side height adjustment device 59, is set up on the floor 66, preferably the finished floor, with wedges 58 interposed on the two adjoining staircase walls and aligned with the aid of push-in dowels 60 and screws 60.1 located therein screwed into correspondingly drilled holes in the stairwell wall 57, on which the wall cheek section extends.

As can be seen from FIGS. 6 and 7, the connection in the corner between the cheek sections, for example 51.1 and 51.2, is provided with plating in such a way that the cheek section located at the top matches the one below it, in the cutout 61 in FIG each of the lower-lying cheek-engaging projection 64.1 supports the support surface 63.1 on the shoulder surface 63.2 of the projection 64.2 of the lower-lying cheek section, so that the upper-cheek section 51.2 then also has a simple dowel-screw connection - as in FIG. 3 and 4 shown - can be attached to the staircase wall 57. Due to the computer-controlled, computer-assisted production, the placement of the step recesses 65 in the two abutting ends of the two angled cheek sections is predetermined by the position of the support surface 63.1 and the shoulder surface 63.2 so precisely that the step in the corner engages 53E can also be easily inserted.

If corresponding wall cheek sections are fastened, the steps 53 are inserted from the bottom, with their step ends 70 into the step recesses 65. In order to facilitate this, the step ends 70 to be inserted are rounded with sufficient radii 71 of 8 mm, for example, according to FIGS. 10 and 11. Furthermore comes the Assembly and the permanently good and rattle-free and creak-free connection benefits that the stairs 53 from their end faces 73, with a smaller step thickness are provided with a horizontal slot 75 and with a larger step thickness with two horizontal slots, so that small deformations to create elastic Plug connections are possible.

In order to ensure the exact spacing of the steps 53 for attaching the inner cheek 52, height-adjustable spacing elements 77 are placed at the free ends between successive steps 53, so that the steps 53 are screwed together and apart of the interlocking screw sleeves of the spacing elements 77 in the Height, horizontal and parallel can be set. You can also work with pre-made spacer blocks with an exact dimension, since the step recesses 65 are precisely inserted in the factory. The spacers required for this would then have to be supplied by the factory. In the case of height-adjustable support elements, the fitter can use the screw elements he has carried several times. This is necessary because the slope dimensions of the stairs always vary according to the local conditions. If the lower step plates are preassembled at a distance in this way, the lower inner cheek section 52.1 can be plugged on and tightened. This is previously with the starting post 80 of the Railing 54 has been firmly connected. 1, 9, 17, 19, 22 and 23, a screw connection is used in which two bores are factory-made in the end face in the lower vertical surface 81 and are provided with threaded sleeves 82, with which precisely fitting bores 83 in the starting post are assigned. Sufficiently precisely fitting screws 84 are guided through these and screwed in. The starting post and / or the lower support surface 85 of the lowermost cheek section 52.1 are expediently provided with a screwable height adjustment device 59, in which, for example, a threaded rod or hanger bolt is provided, which engages partly in the floor or the platform and partly in the part to be supported and is secured in it with suitable means, such as dowels, gluing or the like. Supporting and adjusting screws are interposed, if necessary with washers. - See Fig.17 - So the beginning of the stairs can be aligned very easily together with the starting post 80 of the railing 54 so that the steps 53 are all horizontal and parallel to each other and the starting post 80 is vertical. The design according to FIG. 17 is intended for a staircase in which the assembly takes place before the screed is applied to the concrete floor. If the stairs are installed on the finished floor, any height adjustment means must be provided directly under the cheek 52 or the starting post 80.

The inner cheek section 52.1 plugged on with its step recesses 65 is then clamped together in the usual way with a threaded rod 87, as shown in FIG. 10. Here, the wall cheek 51 has a through bore 88 and from the wall side 89 an impact nut 90 into which the end of the threaded rod 87 is screwed. The entire threaded rod 87 spanning the respective stair section extends under the step 53 in the usual manner, reaches through a bore 91 in the inner cheek 52 and is secured with a nut 93 supported on a washer 92 and can be covered with a wooden rosette 94 become.

Another particularly advanced embodiment provides that the tensioning elements according to FIGS. 11 and 12 act directly on the respective step 53. For this purpose, blind holes 95 are made in the ends 53 of the steps 53 facing the wall cheek into the steps 53, into which threaded rod sections 96 engage, each of which is supported on the inner cheek 51 in a drive-in nut 90. In a vertically extending blind hole 97 introduced from below there is a rounded support part 98, on which a nut 99 which is rotatable from below and is screwed onto the threaded rod section 96 is supported. Such nuts that can be screwed from below are also called star nuts or crown nuts designated. With suitable keys, one can engage in corresponding recesses from the front or from the circumference. The simplest designs have slots or radial holes distributed around the circumference, which can be reached with a pin. This clamping connection used in the usual tabletop joinery is used here in a particularly advantageous manner for the first time in the assembly of staircase cheek stairs for the systematic optimization of manufacture, assembly and appearance and now allows threaded bushings 101 to be inserted on the inside of the stairs into the front of the step and into these clamping screws 102 from the outside to intervene, for example threaded screws with heads. Threaded rods and nuts can also be used here for bracing. These can also be covered with wooden rosettes 94. The blind holes 97 are covered with caps 97.1.

After the first staircase section has been assembled in this way, the second wall cheek section 51.2 is assembled in the manner described above and, if necessary, supported with a height-adjustable mounting bracket 112 (FIG. 8) at its free end and with the interposition of wedges 58 and through Introduce push-through dowels 60 and screws 60.1. As indicated in FIGS. 2 and 9, it is also possible first of all to attach all wall cheek sections to the stairwell wall 57 and, if appropriate, to other load-bearing structures of the building.

Then the steps 53, rounded at the ends and provided with horizontal slots 75, are also inserted into this wall cheek section 51.2 and supported and aligned parallel to one another with spacing blocks or height-adjustable spacing elements 77. Then the second inner cheek section 52.2 is plugged on and fastened. 10 or according to FIGS. 11 and 12, individually inserted clamping connections with countersunk clamping nuts and end-face threaded sleeves and screws are used to clamp the wall cheek and inner cheek together while clamping the steps.

The corner connections of wall cheek parts that extend along the staircase walls are always made with plating and without dowels inserted into the joining surfaces.They only stick together by anchoring the wall cheek sections 51.1, 51.2, 51.3 to the stairwell wall 57, possibly up to auxiliary supports reaching to the floor 66 can be provided where the stairwell wall is not sufficiently load-bearing. By eliminating dowels in the joining surfaces, the cheek sections between two staircase wall sections can be inserted from above without damaging the wall and / or plaster 57.2. This greatly simplifies and speeds up the assembly and contributes significantly to the fact that the entire cheek staircase 50 can be assembled by one person.

In the course of this assembly, the third wall cheek section 51.3 is also supported with its upper projection 64.1 on the shoulder surface 63.2 of the second wall cheek section 51.2, if necessary aligned with the aid of height-adjustable supports and fastened to the stairwell wall with push-in dowels 60 and screws 60.1. As a rule, this third section of stairs extends to the next floor ceiling 124 or a platform-like or gallery-like structure. Here it is aligned and fixed using a particularly convenient floor end support and attachment, as will be described in more detail below.

In the manner described above, the steps 53 of the third section of the staircase are also inserted into the third wall cheek section 51.3 and aligned in height. Then the third inner cheek section 52.3 with its recesses is plugged onto the rounded and slotted step ends 70.2 and tensioned against the step ends and the wall cheek using the appropriate clamping means, either with conventional tension rods 87 or with the threaded rods engaging in the front threaded bushing 101 Nuts or clamping screws 102 tightened.

For the support, fastening and design of the upper end 119 of the cheek staircase 50, according to FIGS. 15 and 16, a platform fastening and support 120 which is particularly favorable in terms of manufacture and assembly is provided. The two cheek ends are cut vertically and smoothly, so that the upper wall cheek section 51.3 can be supported with its end face 122.1 directly on the end face 123 of the floor ceiling 124, while the design of the inner cheek 52 is such that the holding section 125 of the uppermost stair railing post 130 can extend between the vertical end face 122.2 of the uppermost inner cheek section 52.3 and the end face 123 of the floor ceiling 124. It is fastened with the aid of countersunk screws and threaded sleeves inserted in prefabricated horizontal bores in the end face of the uppermost stair stringer section 52.3 before the inner stringer section 52.3 is installed thereon.

Between the two cheeks, a riser 132 extends vertically and at a short distance from the end face 123 of the floor 124, behind the uppermost whole stair step 53-0, which is inserted into corresponding, vertically extending step depressions of both cheeks and into a groove 133 the uppermost exit step 153 engages, as clearly shown in FIG. 16. This exit stage 153 has only one short length 154 and connects with a rear end surface 155 directly to the floor 156 formed with screed and flooring. It lies with its surface 157 in exact alignment with the surface 158 of the floor 156. The cheek staircase 50 is precisely aligned with wedges 58.1 and 58.2 inserted between the riser 132 and the end face 123. Similar wedges can also be inserted between end faces of the cheeks and the end face 123. The cheek staircase 50, which is essentially supported by the weight, is additionally fastened with the aid of push-through dowels 60 and screws 60.1 screwed into these. These are located in mounting holes 135 made horizontally in the floor ceiling 124 and in corresponding holes in the riser 132. They can be closed with a locking cover. The riser 132 is screwed onto the rear surface 137 of the uppermost whole stair step 53-0 using chipboard screws 136 before being inserted into the step recesses. A cover strip 138 is subsequently nailed from below under riser 132 to bridge the compensation and assembly gap. Similar cover strips are nailed and / or glued and / or screwed onto the top and bottom sides of the wall cheeks to cover the gap receiving the trowel or the distance 56.

FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate the joining of the inner cheek sections at the corner joints, FIG. 13 representing a development with cheek ends drawn at a short distance and FIG. 14 a more schematic representation of the two corner connections. The two end regions of the cheek sections are shown rotated in the drawing plane in many cases - as shown in other figures - in parallel in many cases. The ends of the central cheek section 52.2 are indicated by dashed lines to illustrate the engagement.

The reference numerals of the outer cheek sections are essentially used in the explanation of the flattening of the inner cheek sections. In addition, there are only two screws 141 for each connection, which engage in threaded sleeves 142, which are fastened at the factory in the end faces of the ends 143 of the cheek sections 52.

After installing the inner cheek and aligning, checking and tightening the other components, the handrail rods 150 are inserted and the handrail 55, which is divided into sections 55.1, 55.2, 55.3, can be attached and screwed onto the handrail posts 80 and 130 with screws 146 reaching horizontally through their ends become. The handrail sections have prefabricated holes on their vertical surfaces used dowels 144 and threaded sleeves 145, into which the screws 146 can be screwed in a precisely fitting manner in the neighboring part. Thus, the handrail 55, which is completely prefabricated at the factory, with finished machining of its roundings and the like, can be installed quickly and to provide secure support.

In the embodiment of FIG. 13, a handrail 55 consisting of three handrail sections 55.1, 55.2 and 55.3 is provided, which is curved according to the curvature of the inner cheek sections 52.1 to 52.3, the ends of the sections being connected to one another directly or to the railing posts with the help of each a wooden dowel 144 and a screw connection 145/146 are connected. In this case, connections are selected as shown in detail in the figures explained below.

The railing of the stairs according to FIG. 13 provides that the handrail sections are pushed directly into the corners 148 and screwed together without the interposition of corner railing posts. The railing bars 150 formed here, for example, from wood are - like in the case of other railings - inserted between vertical blind holes in the tops of the cheek sections 52 ... and vertical blind holes in the undersides of the handrail sections 55 ...

The inner cheek and, if applicable, the lower start cheek section, which belongs to the wall cheek, can be provided directly with a railing 54 belonging to the stair construction when the actual staircase 50 is assembled. For this, it can also be particularly useful to integrate the corner posts directly into the cheek structure.

The railings according to FIGS. 18 to 21 show such solutions and have not only an entry railing post and an exit railing post 130, but also corner posts 110.1 and 110.2. These corner posts are used to connect the cheek section ends. The ends of the cheek sections 52.1, 52.2, 52.3 are then cut off vertically without cutouts and projections, and the corner posts 110 take over the corner connections, without plating, by providing them with cross holes 160 through which screws 161 are screwed in during assembly, which extend into threaded sleeves 162, which were screwed into computer-aided holes drilled during prefabrication in the factory. Fitting screws 161 are used very precisely, so that there is a fitting assembly. The corner posts 110.1 and 110.2 are each screwed to the lower cheek section 52.1 and 52.2 while still loose and the respective upper cheek section 52.2 and 52.3 is then fastened with the screws 161 inserted at 90 °.

The handrail sections are connected to the railing posts according to FIGS. 18 to 21 in such a way that the wooden dowels 144 are inserted into the previously inserted dowel holes and the railing 54 can thus be plugged together first. A suitable through screw 146 is also provided for each connection, which is screwed through a through hole 147 fitted at the factory into a threaded sleeve 145 made at the factory in the counterpart. This results in an even more stable overall construction of the railing 54 than without an intermediate post in the corners 128. The wooden railing rods 150 also engage in the blind holes of the handrail sections from below in the usual and previously described manner. They are inserted before being plugged together, aligned and screwed together. They are not shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.

According to another design of the railing, which is known in principle, instead of the wooden railing, height-adjustable metal bars with clamps and a rope handrail can be mounted on the inner cheek, and the usual variants of the design can be used.

FIGS. 22 and 23 show the lower end of such a railing 164. A railing post 80.1 is fastened to the lower inner cheek section 52.1 in the manner previously discussed. This is shorter executed and has a larger cross section than the starting post of the railings described so far, so that a vertical bore 165 can be made. This has a diameter like the handrail rope 166. The handrail rope 166 is held with clamps 167, which are articulated with screws 169 at the upper ends 168 of the extendable quick-assembly rods 170. The quick-assembly rods 170 are screwed into the corresponding holes in the upper surfaces of the inner cheek sections 52 .. with studs and have spacing above the upper surfaces of the inner cheeks on their larger lower tubes 171 clamping nuts 172 for tightening the respective pull-out rod 173, as is known per se is.

For example, the assembly of the entire stair staircase can be carried out quickly and safely by one person with the aid of simple support and clamping connections, the bores and threaded sleeve elements of which are made in the factory beforehand. Since it is wood or wood-based material parts of not too large dimensions, the weight of the individual parts is not so great that they could not be transported and assembled by average strong people.

If the cheek sections exceed dimensions that would be unfavorable during manufacture or during transport, a further embodiment of the invention provides that, according to FIG. 24, the individual cheek sections are divided and provided with mating surfaces with suitable screw connections that can be screwed together at the construction site and assembled accordingly, as will be dealt with below.

24 similar screw connections are used as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. The same reference numerals are used for the same parts.

The cheek section 51.7 is divided by a vertical separating cut 175 into two cheek section parts 51.71 and 51.72. The two joining surfaces 175.1 and 175.2 result on their mutually facing end faces, which are placed on top of one another during assembly. Four blind bores 176.1 and 176.2 as well as 177.1 and 177.2 are made in each of these joining surfaces 175.1 and 175.2. In the two pairs of aligned blind holes 176.1 and 176.2, two wooden dowels are inserted in the usual way. Through the two pairs of aligned blind bores 177.1 and 177.2, threaded rod sections 96 extend after being plugged together, the two ends of which extend through partially cylindrical support parts 98 to extend to nuts 99. The nuts 99 are designed as star nuts and are accessible from the side with suitable keys in the blind holes 97. In this way, a connection which absorbs all the loads that occur, is made much easier to transport and assemble.

In summary, the invention can also be described as follows:
The cheek staircase (50) and the process for its preparation deal with wall cheeks (51) and inner cheeks (52), which are divided into sections and fastened in the corners with cladding and screw connections to one another or to the wall. Steps (53) are inserted in step depressions. Railings (54) are integrated. A ceiling mount is designed. The entire cheek staircase (50 is designed for prefabrication and quick assembly.

Claims (4)

1. A method of erecting a stringboard staircase, having the following features:

   - using the actual measurements of the construction region of the stringboard staircase (50), wall stringboards (51) dimensioned to have a small spacing (56) from the wall and inner stringboards (52), having their stair recesses (65) for the stair ends (70) and the at least partly spiral stairs are produced in computer-controlled manner to fit precisely, from wood and/or wood composite materials;

   - the wall stringboard (51) is assembled on site, starting from the bottom and using dowel-less corner joints and

   - with the aid of push-through dowels (60) is supported and secured in suitably load-bearing wall regions, with spacers and/or spacing wedges (58), against the stairwell wall (57) and, if appropriate using vertically adjustable support means (59), against the floor (60) or landing;

   - stringboard parts lying higher up are supported in corner regions during mounting, if appropriate using withdrawable supports (112);

   - during mounting the planar stairs (53) are pushed, first with their ends on the wall side, into the stair recesses (65) of the wall stringboard portions (51..) and are supported at the free inner ends using preferably vertically adjustable support elements (77) against the floor and on one another and are adjusted to the spacings corresponding to the recesses of the inner stringboard portions (52..);

   - the inner stringboard portions (52..) are pushed, rising from below, as construction progresses, onto the stair ends (70) and screwed to one another using screw connections constructed as close-fitting connections;

   - the inner stringboard portions (52..) are screwed directly to one another at the corners using newels (80, 110, 130) engaging crosswise at the end face or projecting at the end face, at least in the region of the bottom stair and the top stair;

   - the inner stringboard portions (52..) are clamped to the wall stringboard portions (51..) using push-through clamping screws (87), clamping the stairs (53), or are screwed to the stairs using screw connections (95, 98, 99; 101, 102) secured therein;

   - the top stair (153) is provided with a riser (132) and by means of the latter is screwed to the ceiling (124) upstairs;

   - banister portion elements (55..) which have been prefabricated to fit are screwed to one another and/or to the newels (80, 110, 130) at the corners using screw connections (145, 146) engaging at the end faces thereof.
2. A stringboard staircase according to the method of Claim 1, having wall stringboards (51), dimensioned to have a small spacing (56) from the wall, and inner stringboards (52) and having at least partly spiral stairs, where stringboards and stairs are produced in computer-controlled manner to fit precisely, from wood and/or wood composite materials, and at the same time stair recesses (65) for the stair ends (70) are constructed in the stringboards, and having pre-fabricated newels, where the edges of the stair ends (70) fitted into the stair recesses (65) are rounded (71) and where the end faces of the stair ends (70) fitted into the stair recesses (65) are provided with slots (75) whereof the depth is made somewhat smaller than the depth of the stair recesses of the stringboard, and where the corner connections of the stringboard portions (51..; 52..) are shaped to have flattened areas such that the stringboard portion lying higher up has at the top a projection (64.1) whereof the lower support face (63.1) is supported against the shoulder face (63.2) of the projection (64.2) formed in the lower part on the stringboard portion lying lower down and where straight stringboard portions (51.71, 51.72) are divided by vertical joins (175) and are connected by means of screw/clamp connections (96, 97, 98, 99) arranged to be hidden.
3. A stringboard staircase according to Claim 2, characterised in that dowels (176.1, 176.2) are arranged in the joins (175) of the divided stringboard portions.
4. A stringboard staircase according to Claim 2, characterized in that furthermore bottom newels (80) having vertical adjustment means (59) are provided for support against the floor (66).

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