EP0486855B1 - Engraved roller - Google Patents

Engraved roller Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0486855B1
EP0486855B1 EP91118478A EP91118478A EP0486855B1 EP 0486855 B1 EP0486855 B1 EP 0486855B1 EP 91118478 A EP91118478 A EP 91118478A EP 91118478 A EP91118478 A EP 91118478A EP 0486855 B1 EP0486855 B1 EP 0486855B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
process according
ink
grooves
cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91118478A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0486855A1 (en
EP0486855B2 (en
Inventor
Thomas John
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manroland AG
Original Assignee
MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
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Application filed by MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG filed Critical MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
Publication of EP0486855A1 publication Critical patent/EP0486855A1/en
Publication of EP0486855B1 publication Critical patent/EP0486855B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N7/00—Shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N7/06—Shells for rollers of printing machines for inking rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N2207/02—Top layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N2207/10—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines characterised by inorganic compounds, e.g. pigments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49544—Roller making
    • Y10T29/4956—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element
    • Y10T29/49563—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element with coating or casting about a core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49544—Roller making
    • Y10T29/49565—One-piece roller making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing an anilox roller for an inking unit of an offset rotary printing press, which has webs made of a wear-resistant, hard material and cups with a surface made of an ink-accepting material.
  • an anilox roller is known in which the roller core carries a wear-resistant ceramic or metal layer. This layer is engraved to accommodate a layer of a color-accepting, water-repellent material. The ink-accepting layer, which was initially applied in excess, is removed to such an extent that the upper sides of the webs of the wear-resistant layer underneath are exposed. In addition, the wells are introduced into this layer.
  • the wear-resistant hard layer is engraved using a laser beam and is therefore comparatively expensive.
  • an anilox roller 1 has a roller core 2, the diameter of which is a few tenths of a millimeter smaller than the final diameter of the anilox roller 1.
  • the roller core 2 is made of steel.
  • the roller core 2 is coated with a layer 3 consisting of ink-accepting material.
  • Layer 3 can e.g. are made of copper. This material repels water and at the same time has a high affinity for color.
  • the layer 3 can be sprayed on or vapor deposited or, depending on the material used, applied galvanically or by chemical deposition.
  • grooves 4 are advantageously worked into the ink-accepting layer 3 by partially removing this layer 3, except for the roller core 2.
  • the grooves 4 are, as indicated in Fig. 3, arranged obliquely to the axis of the anilox roller 1 in the embodiment.
  • the incorporation of the grooves 4 can be done by a simple engraving process, e.g. Etching.
  • Another possibility of creating the grooves 4 is to cover the surface of the roller core 2 at the locations provided for the grooves 4 before the ink-accepting layer 3 is applied.
  • the covering can be carried out by means of lacquer strips which are removed after the layer 3 has been applied.
  • a layer 6 made of a hard, wear-resistant material is introduced into the grooves 4 in such a way that an anchoring is formed on the one hand with the ink-accepting layer 3, on the other hand if go through the grooves on the roller core, even with this.
  • a material for forming this hard, wear-resistant layer 6 e.g. Chromium dioxide or
  • This layer 6 can be introduced using the plasma spraying process.
  • the layer 6 initially covers at least partially the peripheral surface of the ink-accepting layer 3.
  • a subsequent surface treatment is expedient in which the hard layer 6 above the ink-accepting layer 3 is removed.
  • This processing step is based on FIG. 5, which shows a surface 7 ground and polished on the circumference. The surface 7 is smoothed so that the layer 6 only fills the grooves 4 in the ink-accepting layer 3 and forms wear-resistant webs 8.
  • the thickness of the ink-accepting layer 3 is at least the depth of the wells 9.
  • the depth of the wells 9 is of the order of about 20 microns.
  • the width of the grooves 4 and thus of the webs 8 is approximately in the order of the depth of the wells 9.
  • a major advantage of this procedure is that the load-bearing, wear-resistant layer 6 does not have to be engraved. Since the engraving always takes place in the ink-accepting layer 3, which is relatively soft, it is comparatively simple and enables inexpensive production.
  • the surface of the anilox roller 1 has wear-resistant webs 8 which run obliquely to its axis and which surround it on the circumferential side.
  • the webs 8 are embedded in the layer 3 of ink-accepting, water-repellent material and are arranged at regular intervals from one another.
  • the cups 9 are also engraved at regular intervals between the webs 8 in the ink-accepting layer 3.
  • the wells 9 are bordered on the one hand by the wear-resistant webs 8 and on the other hand by webs 10 which are formed from the ink-accepting layer 3.
  • the webs 10 can also be made of wear-resistant material in the same way as the webs 8. This requires incorporation of the grooves 4 as described above in a cross-diagonal arrangement on the anilox roller 1.
  • the grooves for forming webs 11 on the anilox roller 1 can also be arranged hexagonally.
  • Form-matched cells 12 are engraved between the webs 11 in the ink-accepting layer 3.

Landscapes

  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Rasterwalze für ein Farbwerk einer Offset-Rotationsdruckmaschine, die Stege aus einem verschleißfesten, harten Werkstoff und Näpfchen mit einer Oberfläche aus einem farbannehmenden Werkstoff aufweist.The invention relates to a method for producing an anilox roller for an inking unit of an offset rotary printing press, which has webs made of a wear-resistant, hard material and cups with a surface made of an ink-accepting material.

Aus der DE-OS 38 22 692 ist eine Rasterwalze bekannt, bei der der Walzenkern eine verschleißfeste Keramik- oder Metallschicht trägt. Diese Schicht ist mit einer Gravur zur Aufnahme einer Schicht aus einem farbannehmenden, wasserabstoßenden Werkstoff versehen. Die zunächst mit Überschuß aufgebrachte farbannehmende Schicht wird soweit abgetragen, daß die Oberseiten der Stege der darunter liegenden verschleißfesten Schicht freigelegt sind. Außerdem sind in diese Schicht die Näpfchen eingebracht. Die Gravur der verschleißfesten Hartschicht wird mittels eines Laserstrahls durchgeführt und ist somit vergleichsweise teuer.From DE-OS 38 22 692 an anilox roller is known in which the roller core carries a wear-resistant ceramic or metal layer. This layer is engraved to accommodate a layer of a color-accepting, water-repellent material. The ink-accepting layer, which was initially applied in excess, is removed to such an extent that the upper sides of the webs of the wear-resistant layer underneath are exposed. In addition, the wells are introduced into this layer. The wear-resistant hard layer is engraved using a laser beam and is therefore comparatively expensive.

Hiervon ausgehend ist es daher die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Schaffung einer Rasterwalze anzugeben, das eine aufwendige Gravur der verschleißfesten Schicht vermeidet und eine Rasterwalze mit hoher Standzeit liefert.Proceeding from this, it is therefore the object of the invention to provide a method for creating an anilox roller which avoids complex engraving of the wear-resistant layer and provides an anilox roller with a long service life.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

In den Figuren der Zeichnung ist die verfahrungsmäßige Lösung schematisch verdeutlicht. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Teilschnitt durch eine Rasterwalze nach dem ersten Verfahrensschritt;
  • Fig. 2 einen Teilschnitt durch die Rasterwalze nach dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt;
  • Fig. 3 eine Teilaufsicht der Rasterwalze nach dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt;
  • Fig. 4 bis 6 Teilschnitte durch die Rasterwalze nach jeweils einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt;
  • Fig. 7 eine Teilaufsicht der fertiggestellten Rasterwalze.
The procedural solution is schematically illustrated in the figures of the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows a partial section through an anilox roller after the first method step.
  • 2 shows a partial section through the anilox roller after the second method step;
  • 3 shows a partial view of the anilox roller after the second method step;
  • 4 to 6 partial sections through the anilox roller after each further process step;
  • Fig. 7 is a partial view of the finished anilox roller.

Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, weist eine Rasterwalze 1 einen Walzenkern 2 auf, dessen Durchmesser einige Zehntel Millimeter kleiner als der Enddurchmesser der Rasterwalze 1 ist. Der Walzenkern 2 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel aus Stahl. Der Walzenkern 2 wird mit einer aus farbannehmendem Werkstoff bestehenden Schicht 3 überzogen. Die Schicht 3 kann z.B. aus Kupfer bestehen. Dieses Material stößt Wasser ab und besitzt gleichzeitig eine hohe Affinität zur Farbe. Anstelle von Kupfer ist auch die Verwendung von Nickel, Asphalt oder eines geeigneten Kunststoffes, wie Rilsan, möglich. Die Schicht 3 kann aufgespritzt bzw. aufgedampft oder in Abhängigkeit des verwendeten Materials galvanisch, bzw. durch chemische Abscheidung aufgebracht werden.As shown in FIG. 1, an anilox roller 1 has a roller core 2, the diameter of which is a few tenths of a millimeter smaller than the final diameter of the anilox roller 1. In the exemplary embodiment, the roller core 2 is made of steel. The roller core 2 is coated with a layer 3 consisting of ink-accepting material. Layer 3 can e.g. are made of copper. This material repels water and at the same time has a high affinity for color. Instead of copper, it is also possible to use nickel, asphalt or a suitable plastic, such as Rilsan. The layer 3 can be sprayed on or vapor deposited or, depending on the material used, applied galvanically or by chemical deposition.

In Fig. 2 sind in der farbannehmenden Schicht 3 durch partielles Entfernen dieser Schicht 3 vorteilhafterweise bis auf den Walzenkern 2 Nuten 4 eingearbeitet. Die Nuten 4 sind, wie in Fig. 3 angedeutet ist, im Ausführungsbeispiel schräg zur Achse der Rasterwalze 1 verlaufend angeordnet. Die Einarbeitung der Nuten 4 kann durch ein einfaches Gravurverfahren, wie z.B. Ätzen erfolgen.In FIG. 2, grooves 4 are advantageously worked into the ink-accepting layer 3 by partially removing this layer 3, except for the roller core 2. The grooves 4 are, as indicated in Fig. 3, arranged obliquely to the axis of the anilox roller 1 in the embodiment. The incorporation of the grooves 4 can be done by a simple engraving process, e.g. Etching.

Eine andere Möglichkeit, die Nuten 4 zu schaffen, besteht darin, die Oberfläche des Walzenkernes 2 an den Stellen, die für die Nuten 4 vorgesehen sind, vor dem Aufbringen der farbannehmenden Schicht 3 abzudecken. Die Abdeckung kann mittels Lackstreifen erfolgen, die nach dem Aufbringen der Schicht 3 entfernt werden.Another possibility of creating the grooves 4 is to cover the surface of the roller core 2 at the locations provided for the grooves 4 before the ink-accepting layer 3 is applied. The covering can be carried out by means of lacquer strips which are removed after the layer 3 has been applied.

In einem weiteren Arbeitsgang, wird, wie in Fig. 4 gezeigt ist, in die Nuten 4 eine aus einem harten, verschleißfesten Werkstoff bestehende Schicht 6 eingebracht, in der Weise, daß eine Verankerung einerseits mit der farbannehmenden Schicht 3 gebildet wird, andererseits, wenn die Nuten auf den Walzenkern durchgehen, auch mit diesem. Als Werkstoff zur Bildung dieser harten, verschleißfesten Schicht 6 kann z.B. Chromdioxyd oderIn a further operation, as shown in FIG. 4, a layer 6 made of a hard, wear-resistant material is introduced into the grooves 4 in such a way that an anchoring is formed on the one hand with the ink-accepting layer 3, on the other hand if go through the grooves on the roller core, even with this. As a material for forming this hard, wear-resistant layer 6, e.g. Chromium dioxide or

Aluminiumoxyd Verwendung finden. Das Einbringen dieser Schicht 6 kann im Plasmaspritzverfahren erfolgen. Die Schicht 6 bedeckt zunächst zumindest teilweise die umfangsseitige Fläche der farbannehmenden Schicht 3. Zur Erzielung einer ebenen, gleichmäßigen Oberfläche der Rasterwalze 1 ist eine anschließende Oberflächenbearbeitung sinnvoll, bei der die harte Schicht 6 oberhalb der farbannehmenden Schicht 3 entfernt wird. Dieser Bearbeitungsschritt liegt der Fig. 5 zugrunde, die eine umfangsseitig geschliffene und polierte Oberfläche 7 aufzeigt. Die Oberfläche 7 wird so geglättet, daß die Schicht 6 nur noch die Nuten 4 in der farbannehmenden Schicht 3 ausfüllt und verschleißfeste Stege 8 bildet.Find aluminum oxide. This layer 6 can be introduced using the plasma spraying process. The layer 6 initially covers at least partially the peripheral surface of the ink-accepting layer 3. In order to achieve a flat, uniform surface for the anilox roller 1, a subsequent surface treatment is expedient in which the hard layer 6 above the ink-accepting layer 3 is removed. This processing step is based on FIG. 5, which shows a surface 7 ground and polished on the circumference. The surface 7 is smoothed so that the layer 6 only fills the grooves 4 in the ink-accepting layer 3 and forms wear-resistant webs 8.

Im letzten Arbeitsschritt werden, wie in Fig. 6 zu sehen ist, in die farbannehmende Schicht 3 zwischen den Stegen 8 Näpfchen 9 eingraviert. Dies kann in bekannter Weise, z.B. durch Ätzen, Molettieren, Stichelgravur oder mittels eines Elektronenstrahls erfolgen.In the last step, as can be seen in FIG. 6, 8 wells 9 are engraved into the ink-accepting layer 3 between the webs. This can be done in a known manner, e.g. by etching, moletting, engraving or using an electron beam.

Die Dicke der farbannehmenden Schicht 3 beträgt mindestens die Tiefe der Näpfchen 9. Die Tiefe der Näpfchen 9 liegt in der Größenordnung von ca. 20 u. Die Breite der Nuten 4 und somit der Stege 8 liegt etwa in der Größenordnung der Tiefe der Näpfchen 9.The thickness of the ink-accepting layer 3 is at least the depth of the wells 9. The depth of the wells 9 is of the order of about 20 microns. The width of the grooves 4 and thus of the webs 8 is approximately in the order of the depth of the wells 9.

Die genannten Maßnahmen ergeben einen mehrschichtigen Aufbau der Rasterwalze 1, wobei für jede Schicht 3, 6 eine optimale Materialwahl möglich ist.The measures mentioned result in a multilayer structure of the anilox roller 1, with an optimal choice of material for each layer 3, 6 is possible.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil dieser Verfahrensweise liegt darin, daß die tragende, verschleißfeste Schicht 6 nicht graviert werden muß. Da die Gravur immer in der farbannehmenden Schicht 3 erfolgt, die relativ weich ist, gestaltet sie sich vergleichsweise einfach und ermöglicht eine kostengünstige Herstellung.A major advantage of this procedure is that the load-bearing, wear-resistant layer 6 does not have to be engraved. Since the engraving always takes place in the ink-accepting layer 3, which is relatively soft, it is comparatively simple and enables inexpensive production.

Gemäß der Fig. 7 weist bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel die Oberfläche der Rasterwalze 1 schräg zu ihrer Achse verlaufende, sie umfangsseitig umgebende, verschleißfeste Stege 8 auf. Die Stege 8 sind in der Schicht 3 aus farbannehmendem, wasserabstoßendem Material eingebettet und in gleichmäßigen Abständen zueinander angeordnet. Zwischen den Stegen 8 sind in die farbannehmende Schicht 3 ebenfalls in gleichmäßigen Abständen die Näpfchen 9 eingraviert. Die Näpfchen 9 sind einerseits durch die verschleißfesten Stege 8 und andererseits durch Stege 10, die aus der farbannehmenden Schicht 3 gebildet werden, berandet. Die Stege 10 können jedoch ebenfalls aus verschleißfestem Werkstoff in gleicher Weise wie die Stege 8 hergestellt werden. Dies setzt eine Einarbeitung der Nuten 4 wie in oben beschriebener Weise in einer kreuzdiagonalen Anordnung auf der Rasterwalze 1 voraus.According to FIG. 7, in the exemplary embodiment, the surface of the anilox roller 1 has wear-resistant webs 8 which run obliquely to its axis and which surround it on the circumferential side. The webs 8 are embedded in the layer 3 of ink-accepting, water-repellent material and are arranged at regular intervals from one another. The cups 9 are also engraved at regular intervals between the webs 8 in the ink-accepting layer 3. The wells 9 are bordered on the one hand by the wear-resistant webs 8 and on the other hand by webs 10 which are formed from the ink-accepting layer 3. However, the webs 10 can also be made of wear-resistant material in the same way as the webs 8. This requires incorporation of the grooves 4 as described above in a cross-diagonal arrangement on the anilox roller 1.

Wie in Fig. 8 gezeigt ist, können die Nuten zur Bildung von Stegen 11 auf der Rasterwalze 1 auch hexagonal angeordnet sein. Zwischen den Stegen 11 sind in die farbannehmende Schicht 3 formangepaßte Näpfchen 12 eingraviert.As shown in FIG. 8, the grooves for forming webs 11 on the anilox roller 1 can also be arranged hexagonally. Form-matched cells 12 are engraved between the webs 11 in the ink-accepting layer 3.

Claims (14)

1. Process for the production of a screen roller for an inking unit in an offset rotary printing machine which has lands of a wear-resistant, hard material and cells having a surface made of an ink-receiving material, characterised in that a layer (3) of the ink-receiving material is applied onto a roller core (2) of the screen roller (1) to a thickness exceeding the depth of the cells (9), into which grooves (4) are introduced, then a layer (6) of a wear-resistant, hard material for forming the lands (8) is applied, completely filling the grooves (4), and the cells (9) are introduced into the layer (3) of the ink-receiving material.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the grooves (4) pass through to the roller core (2).
3. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the grooves (4) are arranged to extend obliquely to the axis of the screen roller (1).
4. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the grooves (4) are arranged cross-diagonally.
5. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the grooves (4) are arranged hexagonally.
6. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the layer (6) of the hard, wear-resistant material is applied as a continuous layer and is then removed from the areas outside the lands (8).
7. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the thickness of the ink-receiving layer (3) is at least as great as the depth of the cells (9).
8. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the grooves (4) are produced by removing material from the ink-receiving layer (3).
9. Process according to claim 8, characterised in that removal of the material is effected by etching.
10. Process according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the grooves (4) are produced by covering the surface of the roller core (2) before applying the layer (3) of the ink-receiving material.
11. Process according to claim 10, characterised in that the covering is effected by applying strips of lacquer.
12. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ink-receiving layer (3) is applied by flame-spraying.
13. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that when using copper for the ink-receiving layer (3) this layer (3) is applied galvanically.
14. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cells (9) are produced by engraving, embossing or etching.
EP91118478A 1990-11-17 1991-10-30 Engraved roller Expired - Lifetime EP0486855B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4036661 1990-11-17
DE4036661A DE4036661C1 (en) 1990-11-17 1990-11-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0486855A1 EP0486855A1 (en) 1992-05-27
EP0486855B1 true EP0486855B1 (en) 1994-12-07
EP0486855B2 EP0486855B2 (en) 2002-01-09

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ID=6418448

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EP91118478A Expired - Lifetime EP0486855B2 (en) 1990-11-17 1991-10-30 Engraved roller

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US (1) US5191703A (en)
EP (1) EP0486855B2 (en)
JP (1) JPH04269546A (en)
DE (2) DE4036661C1 (en)

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DE3744131A1 (en) * 1987-12-24 1989-07-06 Frankenthal Ag Albert GRID ROLLER FOR AN OFFSET INKING MACHINE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A GRID ROLLER
DE3822692C2 (en) * 1988-07-05 1996-02-15 Kochsmeier Hans Hermann Anilox roller in an order work of a printing press
JPH0764052B2 (en) * 1989-01-09 1995-07-12 株式会社東京機械製作所 Inking roller for printing machine and manufacturing method thereof
FI83439C (en) * 1989-08-24 1991-07-10 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc Roll in paper machine and process for making it

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DE4036661C1 (en) 1992-06-17
DE59103805D1 (en) 1995-01-19
EP0486855A1 (en) 1992-05-27
JPH04269546A (en) 1992-09-25
US5191703A (en) 1993-03-09
EP0486855B2 (en) 2002-01-09

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