EP0483184B1 - Procede de fabrication de mousse metallique renforcee par des particules et produit de ce procede - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication de mousse metallique renforcee par des particules et produit de ce procede Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0483184B1 EP0483184B1 EP90910522A EP90910522A EP0483184B1 EP 0483184 B1 EP0483184 B1 EP 0483184B1 EP 90910522 A EP90910522 A EP 90910522A EP 90910522 A EP90910522 A EP 90910522A EP 0483184 B1 EP0483184 B1 EP 0483184B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- foam
- gas
- process according
- molten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/083—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process of providing metal foam and more particularly to a process resulting in provision of thin wall closed cell particle reinforced metal foam.
- foams There are several ways to produce foams. Different foaming techniques are known such as incorporating hydrides in the molten metal or adding organic compounds which release gases on heating. Vapor deposition on polymeric substrates or casting of metal around granules which are then leached out leaving a porous metal structure are other examples of providing metals with cellular structure.
- the process of foam formation using blowing agents is affected by the surface tension and viscosity of the actual melt.
- the viscosity counteracts bursting of the cell walls during a progressive increase in the volume of the formed bubbles, while a low surface tension will favour formation of thin bubble walls.
- foams being gas-in-solid dispersions are largely determined by their density, but the cell size, structure and their distribution are also important parameters influencing the properties.
- foamed metals are produced by adding a gas evolving compound to the molten metal followed by heating of the resultant mixture to decompose the compound and to produce expanding cellulating gases.
- the foaming compound is usually metal hydride such as TiH2 or ZrH2, and after the foaming step the mould is cooled to form a solid foam material. Cells of non-uniform structure and/or undesirably large size are experienced due to the difficulties with uniform distribution of the evolving gas through the whole volume of the foamed metal.
- GB patent No. 1.287.994 discloses a process for preparation of metal foams applying a viscosity increasing agent comprising an inert gas or an oxygen containing material gaseous at the melt conditions and treating the thus produced viscous melt with a foaming agent.
- Air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and water are preferably used in the process as viscosity increasing agents in amounts from 1 to 6 grams per 100 grams of metal alloy.
- Metal hydrides are used as foaming agents (hafnium, titanium or zirconium hydrides) in amounts of from 0,5 to 1,0 grams per 100 grams of alloy.
- the increase in viscosity is enhanced by the presence of a promoter metal, e.g. from 4 to 7 weight% magnesium is used in aluminium alloys.
- a promoter metal e.g. from 4 to 7 weight% magnesium is used in aluminium alloys.
- a good mixing technique is required, the addition of foaming agents is usually carried out at a tempera- ture lower than addition of the viscosity increasing agent in a separate second vessel.
- the disclosed batchwise process achieving better foams with regard to uniform size and distribution of the cells, and claiming a certain reduction in the consumption of foaming agents, is a rather complicated time consuming and expensive process requiring several process steps and units based on use of expensive heat decomposible gas evolving compounds (hydrides).
- European patent application No. 0 210 803 discloses a similar batchwise method of producing foamed metals based on use of from 0,2 to 8,0 weight% metallic calcium as viscosity adjusting agent and titanium hydride in amounts of from 1 to 3 weight% of the molten melt as foaming agent.
- Still another method of producing cellularized metal by decomposition of a heat-decomposable gas evolving compound in molten metal is disclosed in US patent No. 3.297.431.
- the improvement comprises addition of an intimately dispersed, finely divided powder to the metal prior to decomposition of the gas evolving compound (carbonates or hydrides), or dissolving of gas in the melt.
- the stabilizing powders may be metals or non-metals, elements or compounds, and two wettable powders are preferentially used where one of which forms a solid alloy with the metal.
- the gas is dissolved at one pressure and then evolved at a second lower pressure.
- a drawback in common for the hitherto known processes is that all of them are batchwise operating processes using either expensive gas evolving compounds or dissolved gases as cellulating means and viscosity increasing or stabilizing additives to achieve quality metal foams.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for upgrading of scrap metal material.
- Still another object of the invention is to provide a novel type of particle reinforced metal foam having improved mechanical properties.
- a metal foam of the closed cell type structure having a uniform density and cell structure can be provided simply by feeding of finely dispersed cellulating gas into a molten particle reinforced metal matrix composite material (PMMC).
- PMMC metal matrix composite material
- No special additives adjusting the viscosity of the melt or particular precautions with regard to the distribution of the cellulating gas bubbles through the melt were required.
- the gas bubbles rise to the top of the melt and form foam gradually increasing in volume. No tendency to bursting of the foam cells when they reach the melt surface was observed. This indicates a (highly) stabilized surface of the gas bubbles.
- the upper portion of the foam cake solidifies and can be easily removed.
- Fig. 2 shows in natural size a photographic picture of the resultant foam sample removed as the solidified top part of the foam cake.
- the cross-section of the sample exhibits a uniform distribution of cells having a diameter in the range of from 1 to 5 mm.
- the density of the sample was measured to 0,2 g/cm3.
- the achieved pores (cells) are essentially spherical and closed providing the foamed metal with isotropic properties in all directions, especially with regard to energy adsorption.
- Metallographic examination of the structure on the samples achieved from Example 1 reveals an extremely thin walled foam structure, as illustrated in Fig. 3.
- the wall thickness in this metallograph picture, magnification of 20, is in order of the reinforcing SiC particle size approximately 12 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 4 The mechanical behaviour of the produced foam is represented in Fig. 4 illustrating the results from the testing of compressive stress conducted on the samples from Example 1.
- the achieved flat stress/strain curve from the samples having an initial height of 26 mm applying a crosshead velocity of 2 mm/min. is typical for this type of material as long as the cell structure did not collapse completely.
- the energy absorption of this foam was determined to be 2 kJ/l foam, which is a very favourable value compared to the values reported in literature for commercially provided Al-foams.
- the achieved improved mechanical properties of the resultant foams are a result of a beneficial influence from the reinforcing particles incorporated in the cell walls.
- the biggest potential of the present invention is an up-grading of low grade composite scrap material.
- This constantly increasing volume of composite scrap today represents a considerable problem since it can not simply be remelted or incorporated to the recycled secondary aluminium.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Claims (8)
- Procédé de fabrication d'une mousse métallique armée de particules, dans lequel une matière composite fondue, comprenant une phase métallique continue et des particules d'armature finement divisées, est mise sous forme d'une mousse continue par introduction d'un gaz de formation de cellules dans la matière fondue, avec accumulation de cette manière de la matière métallique composite en mousse à la surface de la matière fondue, puis par extraction et solidification de la mousse accumulée.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière composite fondue est formée par refusion de matière composite à phase continue métallique contenant des particules.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière composite est formée in situ dans un réservoir par addition et distribution de particules d'armature dans l'alliage ou métal fondu, à l'aide d'un gaz actif.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le gaz actif est CO₂ gazeux, et les particules sont des particules réfractaires.
- Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la matière composite fondue est l'aluminium ou un alliage d'aluminium contenant des particules réfractaires.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le gaz de formation de cellules est l'air.
- Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le métal de la phase continue est un alliage d'aluminium armé par des particules de SiC.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la mousse formée a une résistance à la compression de 2.10⁶ Pa (0,2 kg/mm²) pour une masse volumique de 0,2 g/cm³.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT90910522T ATE100867T1 (de) | 1989-07-17 | 1990-07-11 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines dispersionsverfestigten metallschaumes sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO892925A NO172697C (no) | 1989-07-17 | 1989-07-17 | Fremgangsmaate ved fremstilling av partikkelforsterket metallskum og resulterende produkt |
NO892925 | 1989-07-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0483184A1 EP0483184A1 (fr) | 1992-05-06 |
EP0483184B1 true EP0483184B1 (fr) | 1994-01-26 |
Family
ID=19892250
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90910522A Expired - Lifetime EP0483184B1 (fr) | 1989-07-17 | 1990-07-11 | Procede de fabrication de mousse metallique renforcee par des particules et produit de ce procede |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0483184B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2635817B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100186782B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE100867T1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9007549A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2064099A1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE69006359T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0483184T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2049037T3 (fr) |
HU (1) | HU210524B (fr) |
NO (1) | NO172697C (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2046151C1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1991001387A1 (fr) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0930221A2 (fr) | 1998-01-14 | 1999-07-21 | Norsk Hydro Asa | Structure porteuse pour véhicules |
US6343640B1 (en) * | 2000-01-04 | 2002-02-05 | The University Of Alabama | Production of metal/refractory composites by bubbling gas through a melt |
US6464933B1 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2002-10-15 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Forming metal foam structures |
US6840301B2 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2005-01-11 | Cymat Corp. | Method and apparatus for low pressure aluminum foam casting |
US6866084B2 (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2005-03-15 | Cymat Corporation | Method and means for producing moulded foam bodies |
US7481964B2 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2009-01-27 | Cymat Corp. | Sealed impeller for producing metal foam and system and method therefor |
DE102008000100A1 (de) | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-23 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Leichtgewichtiger Grün- und Formkörper aus einem keramischen und/oder pulvermetallurgischen Material und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5112697A (en) * | 1989-09-06 | 1992-05-12 | Alcan International Limited | Stabilized metal foam body |
DE69212157T2 (de) * | 1991-05-31 | 1996-11-21 | Alcan Int Ltd | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen profilierter platten aus teilchenstabilisiertem metallschaum |
DE4233695C2 (de) * | 1992-10-07 | 1996-07-11 | Wicona Bausysteme Gmbh | Verbundplatte für Wandbekleidungen |
CA2087791A1 (fr) * | 1993-01-21 | 1994-07-22 | Martin Thomas | Production de mousses de metal stabilisees au moyen de particules |
DE4318540A1 (de) * | 1993-06-04 | 1994-12-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Verbundbauteils |
DE19501659C1 (de) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-05-15 | Daimler Benz Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallschaumteils |
NO953858D0 (no) * | 1995-09-29 | 1995-09-29 | Norsk Hydro As | Laminat |
US6332907B1 (en) | 1997-08-30 | 2001-12-25 | Honsel Gmbh & Co. Kg | Alloy for producing metal foamed bodies using a powder with nucleating additives |
DE19813176C2 (de) * | 1998-03-25 | 2000-08-24 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundwerkstoffbauteilen |
BR0011544B1 (pt) | 1999-05-26 | 2011-10-18 | tubulação de aço com uma espessura de parede projetada para o assentamento em águas profundas e processo para sua fabricação. | |
RU2193948C2 (ru) * | 1999-07-06 | 2002-12-10 | Лебедев Виктор Иванович | Способ получения пористого металла и изделий из него |
DE19948830B4 (de) * | 1999-10-06 | 2005-11-24 | Terex-Demag Gmbh & Co. Kg | Teleskopausleger für Krane |
AT410103B (de) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-02-25 | Huette Klein Reichenbach Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung eines leichtgewichtigen formkörpers und formkörper aus metallschaum |
US7175689B2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2007-02-13 | Huette Klein-Reichenbach Gesellschaft Mbh | Process for producing a lightweight molded part and molded part made of metal foam |
US6660224B2 (en) | 2001-08-16 | 2003-12-09 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method of making open cell material |
US7108828B2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2006-09-19 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method of making open cell material |
US20040126583A1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-07-01 | Takashi Nakamura | Foaming agent for manufacturing a foamed or porous metal |
DE102005037069B4 (de) * | 2005-08-05 | 2010-03-18 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Poröse Verbundwerkstoffe auf Basis eines Metalls und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
JP4189401B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-05 | 2008-12-03 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 発泡アルミニウムの製造方法 |
CN111434788B (zh) * | 2019-01-15 | 2021-10-19 | 杨怡虹 | 一种复合型泡沫铝材的生产制备方法 |
CN110052594B (zh) * | 2019-04-25 | 2024-01-02 | 清华大学 | 泡沫金属制备方法及泡沫金属制备装置 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1259163A (fr) * | 1960-05-24 | 1961-04-21 | Lor Corp | Moussage de l'aluminium granulé |
US3297431A (en) * | 1965-06-02 | 1967-01-10 | Standard Oil Co | Cellarized metal and method of producing same |
US3816952A (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1974-06-18 | Ethyl Corp | Preparation of metal foams with viscosity increasing gases |
FR2282479A1 (fr) * | 1974-08-19 | 1976-03-19 | Pechiney Aluminium | Pieces en alliage d'aluminium poreux et moyen de les preparer |
-
1989
- 1989-07-17 NO NO892925A patent/NO172697C/no unknown
-
1990
- 1990-07-11 DK DK90910522.3T patent/DK0483184T3/da active
- 1990-07-11 EP EP90910522A patent/EP0483184B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-11 ES ES90910522T patent/ES2049037T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-11 DE DE90910522T patent/DE69006359T2/de not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-11 KR KR1019920700095A patent/KR100186782B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-11 CA CA002064099A patent/CA2064099A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1990-07-11 BR BR909007549A patent/BR9007549A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-11 WO PCT/NO1990/000115 patent/WO1991001387A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1990-07-11 AT AT90910522T patent/ATE100867T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-11 DE DE199090910522T patent/DE483184T1/de active Pending
- 1990-07-11 HU HU9200169A patent/HU210524B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-11 JP JP2510702A patent/JP2635817B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-11 RU SU905011037A patent/RU2046151C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0930221A2 (fr) | 1998-01-14 | 1999-07-21 | Norsk Hydro Asa | Structure porteuse pour véhicules |
US6343640B1 (en) * | 2000-01-04 | 2002-02-05 | The University Of Alabama | Production of metal/refractory composites by bubbling gas through a melt |
US6866084B2 (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2005-03-15 | Cymat Corporation | Method and means for producing moulded foam bodies |
US6464933B1 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2002-10-15 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Forming metal foam structures |
US6840301B2 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2005-01-11 | Cymat Corp. | Method and apparatus for low pressure aluminum foam casting |
US7481964B2 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2009-01-27 | Cymat Corp. | Sealed impeller for producing metal foam and system and method therefor |
DE102008000100A1 (de) | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-23 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Leichtgewichtiger Grün- und Formkörper aus einem keramischen und/oder pulvermetallurgischen Material und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9007549A (pt) | 1992-06-30 |
ATE100867T1 (de) | 1994-02-15 |
DE483184T1 (de) | 1992-08-13 |
HU210524B (en) | 1995-04-28 |
DK0483184T3 (da) | 1994-05-30 |
WO1991001387A1 (fr) | 1991-02-07 |
DE69006359D1 (de) | 1994-03-10 |
ES2049037T3 (es) | 1994-04-01 |
DE69006359T2 (de) | 1994-05-11 |
NO892925D0 (no) | 1989-07-17 |
NO172697C (no) | 1993-08-25 |
NO892925L (no) | 1991-01-18 |
NO172697B (no) | 1993-05-18 |
JP2635817B2 (ja) | 1997-07-30 |
KR100186782B1 (ko) | 1999-05-01 |
RU2046151C1 (ru) | 1995-10-20 |
HU9200169D0 (en) | 1992-06-29 |
CA2064099A1 (fr) | 1991-01-18 |
JPH04506835A (ja) | 1992-11-26 |
EP0483184A1 (fr) | 1992-05-06 |
KR920703862A (ko) | 1992-12-18 |
HUT60791A (en) | 1992-10-28 |
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