EP0482995A1 - Elastic support, for vehicle engine in particular - Google Patents

Elastic support, for vehicle engine in particular Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0482995A1
EP0482995A1 EP91402813A EP91402813A EP0482995A1 EP 0482995 A1 EP0482995 A1 EP 0482995A1 EP 91402813 A EP91402813 A EP 91402813A EP 91402813 A EP91402813 A EP 91402813A EP 0482995 A1 EP0482995 A1 EP 0482995A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support according
plates
frames
side walls
tunnel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91402813A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Michel Simon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hutchinson SA
Original Assignee
Hutchinson SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hutchinson SA filed Critical Hutchinson SA
Publication of EP0482995A1 publication Critical patent/EP0482995A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
    • F16F3/087—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material
    • F16F3/093—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material the springs being of different materials, e.g. having different types of rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/18—Leaf springs
    • F16F1/26—Attachments or mountings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an elastic support, in particular for a vehicle engine, of the type comprising a first frame suitable for being fixed to the structure of the vehicle, a second frame suitable for being fixed to the engine for supporting it, and between these two frames.
  • an elastic system having a relatively low stiffness in z , namely in the vertical direction, and higher stiffnesses - which may be different from one another - in the two transverse directions x and y constituting with the previous one an orthonormal system, said elastic system comprising a set of thin spaced parallel plates, of flexible material, extending generally transversely to said vertical direction, the ends of these plates being supported on the one hand on said first frame, on the other hand on the second, by means of superimposed blocks of elastic material sandwiched in a sandwich in said ends of the plates, these blocks embedding the ends of the plates without rigid connection with the respective reinforcements.
  • the purpose of the present invention is the development of a simple and inexpensive technological solution for the production of reinforcements, capable of giving them great rigidity, of allowing their easy and mass production, and of making the mounting said plates in these frames.
  • reinforcements each consist of a stamped sheet having a tunnel-shaped opening, for receiving the corresponding ends of said plates.
  • the ends of the plates can be forcibly accommodated or crimped into the respective openings of said frames.
  • the stamped sheet metal reinforcements 2 and 3 are identical but reversed one with respect to the other. It is therefore not it is necessary to describe only one, for example the frame 3.
  • This is in the form of an open box comprising a bottom 13 of which a rectangular orifice 18 is extended towards the outside by a shaped opening of tunnel 16.
  • the cut side walls 19 and 20 of this housing constitute flanges extending respectively the side walls 21 and 22.
  • the side walls 20 are bent at right angles outward to form abutment supports 23, as best seen in figure 3.
  • the elastic plates 1 are all joined together by metal rings 17 which enclose their ends and facilitate their mounting, for example by force, in the respective tunnels 16 of the frames 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown schematically in C a vehicle chassis and in M its engine, the support of the invention being intended to support the latter resiliently on the chassis.
  • the fixing of the frames 2 and 3 respectively on the engine and on the chassis can be ensured by bolts (not shown) passing through shouldered holes 24 of the sheet of the frames.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 also show a possible arrangement of the traction and compression stops 8 suitable for acting between the reinforcements to limit their respective vertical deflections in both directions: the elastic traction stops 8 are interposed between the respective supports facing each other. 23 of the two frames, and the elastic compression stops 9 between the wall 21 of the frame 2 and the wall 22 of the armature 3. The lateral spacing of these stops allows them to take up the overturning torque of the motor.
  • the frames 2 and 3 are different. They both have lateral flanges without supports referenced in 19 by analogy with the previous embodiment. Another difference lies in the fact that the tunnels 16 end in flanges 25, which can serve as stops for the ends of the rings 17 of the plates. We also see, in Figures 4 and 5, that these rings carry teeth 26 (punctured from the sheet) to improve the securing of the ends of the plates 1 in their respective tunnels 16 by a kind of crimping.

Abstract

Elastic support according to any of claims 1 to 8 of the main patent application, characterised in that the said reinforcements 2, 3 are each formed from a pressed metal sheet having an opening 16 in the form of a tunnel for receiving the corresponding ends of the said plates 1. The ends of the plates 1 are force-fitted or crimped into the respective openings 16 of the said reinforcements 2, 3. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un support élastique, en particulier pour moteur de véhicule, du type comportant une première armature propre à être fixée à la structure du véhicule, une seconde armature propre à être fixée sur le moteur pour le supporter, et entre ces deux armatures un système élastique présentant une rigidité relativement faible en z, à savoir en direction verticale, et des rigidités plus élevées - pouvant être différentes l'une de l'autre - dans les deux directions transversales x et y constituant avec la précédente un système orthonormé, ledit système élastique comprenant un ensemble de plaques minces parallèles et espacées, en matériau flexible, s'étendant de façon générale transversalement à ladite direction verticale, les extrémités de ces plaques étant supportées d'une part sur ladite première armature, d'autre part sur la seconde, par l'intermédiaire de blocs de matériau élastique superposés, intercalés en sandwich dans lesdites extrémités des plaques, ces blocs encastrant les extrémités des plaques sans liaison rigide avec les armatures respectives.The present invention relates to an elastic support, in particular for a vehicle engine, of the type comprising a first frame suitable for being fixed to the structure of the vehicle, a second frame suitable for being fixed to the engine for supporting it, and between these two frames. an elastic system having a relatively low stiffness in z , namely in the vertical direction, and higher stiffnesses - which may be different from one another - in the two transverse directions x and y constituting with the previous one an orthonormal system, said elastic system comprising a set of thin spaced parallel plates, of flexible material, extending generally transversely to said vertical direction, the ends of these plates being supported on the one hand on said first frame, on the other hand on the second, by means of superimposed blocks of elastic material sandwiched in a sandwich in said ends of the plates, these blocks embedding the ends of the plates without rigid connection with the respective reinforcements.

Le but de la présente invention est l'élaboration d'une solution technologique simple et bon marché pour la réalisation des armatures, propre à leur conférer une grande rigidité, à permettre leur fabrication aisée et en grande série, et à rendre facile et rapide le montage desdites plaques dans ces armatures.The purpose of the present invention is the development of a simple and inexpensive technological solution for the production of reinforcements, capable of giving them great rigidity, of allowing their easy and mass production, and of making the mounting said plates in these frames.

Ce but est atteint dans un support du type général défini au début, caractérisé en ce que lesdites armatures sont constituées chacune d'une tôle emboutie présentant une ouverture en forme de tunnel, pour la réception des extrémités correspondantes desdites plaques.This object is achieved in a support of the general type defined at the start, characterized in that said reinforcements each consist of a stamped sheet having a tunnel-shaped opening, for receiving the corresponding ends of said plates.

Les extrémités des plaques peuvent être logées à force ou serties dans les ouvertures respectives desdites armatures.The ends of the plates can be forcibly accommodated or crimped into the respective openings of said frames.

Il est en tout cas encore avantageux de prévoir que les extrémités desdites plaques sont enserrées dans des bagues métalliques propres à les solidariser toutes ensemble.It is in any case still advantageous to provide that the ends of said plates are enclosed in metal rings suitable for joining them all together.

Deux modes d'exécution de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits à titre d'exemples nullement limitatifs, avec référence aux figures du dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective de l'ensemble d'un support conforme à l'invention, avant montage ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe axiale du support de la figure 1 selon la ligne II-II de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe transversale du support de la figure 1 selon la ligne III-III de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1, montrant une variante de réalisation du support ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe axiale du support de la figure 4 selon la ligne V-V de la figure 6 ; et
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale du support de la figure 4 selon la ligne VI-VI de la figure 5.
Two embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the figures in the appended drawing in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the assembly of a support according to the invention, before assembly;
  • Figure 2 is an axial sectional view of the support of Figure 1 along the line II-II of Figure 3;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the support of Figure 1 along line III-III of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 1, showing an alternative embodiment of the support;
  • Figure 5 is an axial sectional view of the support of Figure 4 along the line VV of Figure 6; and
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the support of FIG. 4 along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5.

Dans les différentes figures du dessin ci-annexé, on a repris par commodité les mêmes références que dans la demande principale pour désigner les mêmes éléments du support, ou des éléments jouant le même rôle.In the various figures of the appended drawing, the same references have been used for convenience as in the main application to designate the same elements of the support, or elements playing the same role.

Ceci étant, on voit sur la figure 1 que les armatures en tôle emboutie 2 et 3 sont identiques mais renversées l'une par rapport à l'autre. Il n'est donc nécessaire d'en décrire qu'une seule, par exemple l'armature 3. Celle-ci se présente sous la forme d'un boîtier ouvert comportant un fond 13 dont un orifice rectangulaire 18 se prolonge vers l'extérieur par une ouverture en forme de tunnel 16. Les parois latérales découpées 19 et 20 de ce boîtier constituent des rebords prolongeant respectivement les parois latérales 21 et 22. Les parois latérales 20 sont pliées à angle droit vers l'extérieur pour constituer des appuis de butées 23, comme mieux visible sur la figure 3.This being the case, it can be seen in FIG. 1 that the stamped sheet metal reinforcements 2 and 3 are identical but reversed one with respect to the other. It is therefore not it is necessary to describe only one, for example the frame 3. This is in the form of an open box comprising a bottom 13 of which a rectangular orifice 18 is extended towards the outside by a shaped opening of tunnel 16. The cut side walls 19 and 20 of this housing constitute flanges extending respectively the side walls 21 and 22. The side walls 20 are bent at right angles outward to form abutment supports 23, as best seen in figure 3.

Les plaques élastiques 1 sont toutes solidarisées ensemble par des bagues métalliques 17 qui enserrent leurs extrémités et facilitent leur montage, par exemple à force, dans les tunnels 16 respectifs des armatures 2 et 3.The elastic plates 1 are all joined together by metal rings 17 which enclose their ends and facilitate their mounting, for example by force, in the respective tunnels 16 of the frames 2 and 3.

Sur la figure 2 on a schématisé en C un châssis de véhicule et en M son moteur, le support de l'invention étant destiné à soutenir ce dernier élastiquement sur le châssis. La fixation des armatures 2 et 3 respectivement sur le moteur et sur le châssis peut être assurée par des boulons (non représentés) traversant des trous épaulés 24 de la tôle des armatures.In Figure 2 there is shown schematically in C a vehicle chassis and in M its engine, the support of the invention being intended to support the latter resiliently on the chassis. The fixing of the frames 2 and 3 respectively on the engine and on the chassis can be ensured by bolts (not shown) passing through shouldered holes 24 of the sheet of the frames.

On voit aussi sur la figure 2 les blocs de matériau en élastomère 4 dans lesquels sont encastrées les extrémités des plaques élastiques 1, et qui évitent tout pontage métallique entre les armatures 2 et 3 et ainsi la transmission excessive des vibrations de l'une à l'autre.We also see in Figure 2 the blocks of elastomeric material 4 in which are embedded the ends of the elastic plates 1, and which avoid any metal bridging between the frames 2 and 3 and thus the excessive transmission of vibrations from one to the other. 'other.

Les figures 2 et 3 montrent également une disposition possible des butées de traction 8 et de compression 9 propres à agir entre les armatures pour limiter leurs débattements verticaux respectifs dans les deux sens : les butées élastiques de traction 8 sont interposées entre les appuis respectifs en regard 23 des deux armatures, et les butées élastiques de compression 9 entre la paroi 21 de l'armature 2 et la paroi 22 de l'armature 3. L'espacement latéral de ces butées leur permet de reprendre le couple de renversement du moteur.FIGS. 2 and 3 also show a possible arrangement of the traction and compression stops 8 suitable for acting between the reinforcements to limit their respective vertical deflections in both directions: the elastic traction stops 8 are interposed between the respective supports facing each other. 23 of the two frames, and the elastic compression stops 9 between the wall 21 of the frame 2 and the wall 22 of the armature 3. The lateral spacing of these stops allows them to take up the overturning torque of the motor.

L'intérêt du mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit est de permettre d'atteindre parfaitement le but spécifié plus haut, et également de n'avoir à fabriquer que des armatures toutes identiques, que l'on dispose en quelque sorte en tête-bêche sur les extrémités des lames.The advantage of the embodiment which has just been described is that it makes it possible to perfectly achieve the goal specified above, and also to have to manufacture only all identical reinforcements, which are arranged in a way in mind. - spade on the ends of the blades.

Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 4 à 6, les armatures 2 et 3 sont différentes. Elles comportent toutes deux des rebords latéraux sans appuis référencés en 19 par analogie avec le mode de réalisation précédent. Une autre différence réside dans le fait que les tunnels 16 se terminent par des rebords 25, qui peuvent servir de butées pour les extrémités des bagues 17 des plaques. On voit aussi, sur les figures 4 et 5, que ces bagues portent des dents 26 (crevés de la tôle) permettant d'améliorer l'assujettissement des extrémités des plaques 1 dans leurs tunnels 16 respectifs par une sorte de sertissage.In the embodiment of Figures 4 to 6, the frames 2 and 3 are different. They both have lateral flanges without supports referenced in 19 by analogy with the previous embodiment. Another difference lies in the fact that the tunnels 16 end in flanges 25, which can serve as stops for the ends of the rings 17 of the plates. We also see, in Figures 4 and 5, that these rings carry teeth 26 (punctured from the sheet) to improve the securing of the ends of the plates 1 in their respective tunnels 16 by a kind of crimping.

Pour ce qui est des butées de traction 8 et de compression 9, on voit qu'elles sont portées intérieurement par les ailes d'un fer 27 en U soudé (ou riveté) sur le fond 13 de l'armature 3, la paroi latérale 22 de l'autre armature venant se loger entre ces deux butées lors du montage.As regards the traction and compression stops 8, it can be seen that they are carried internally by the wings of an iron 27 in U welded (or riveted) on the bottom 13 of the frame 3, the side wall 22 of the other frame coming to be housed between these two stops during assembly.

Comme il va de soi et comme il résulte d'ailleurs déjà de ce qui précède, l'invention ne se limite nullement à ceux de ses modes d'application et de réalisation qui ont été plus particulièrement envisagés ; elle en embrasse, au contraire, toutes les variantes.As goes without saying and as it already follows from the above, the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application and embodiments which have been more particularly envisaged; on the contrary, it embraces all its variants.

Claims (9)

Support élastique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 de la demande de brevet principale, caractérisé en ce que lesdites armatures (2, 3) sont constituées chacune d'une tôle emboutie présentant une ouverture (16) en forme de tunnel, pour la réception des extrémités correspondantes desdites plaques (1).Elastic support according to any one of claims 1 to 8 of the main patent application, characterized in that said reinforcements (2, 3) each consist of a stamped sheet metal having an opening (16) in the form of a tunnel, for receiving the corresponding ends of said plates (1). Support selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités desdites plaques (1) sont logées à force dans les ouvertures respectives (16) desdites armatures (2, 3).Support according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of said plates (1) are forced into the respective openings (16) of said frames (2, 3). Support selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités desdites plaques (1) sont serties dans les ouvertures respectives (16) desdites armatures (2, 3).Support according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of said plates (1) are crimped in the respective openings (16) of said frames (2, 3). Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités desdites plaques (1) sont enserrées dans des bagues métalliques (17) propres à les solidariser toutes ensemble.Support according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ends of said plates (1) are enclosed in metal rings (17) suitable for joining them all together. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux armatures (2, 3) identiques et montées en tête-bêche, chaque armature présentant un fond (13) dans lequel débouche un orifice (18) prolongé vers l'extérieur par ladite ouverture en forme de tunnel (16), et des parois latérales découpées (19, 20) prolongeant respectivement des parois latérales opposées (21, 22), les parois de l'une des paires (20) de parois latérales découpées étant pliées à angle droit vers l'extérieur pour constituer des appuis de butées (23).Support according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two identical frames (2, 3) and mounted head to tail, each frame having a bottom (13) into which opens an orifice (18) extended towards the exterior by said tunnel-shaped opening (16), and cut side walls (19, 20) respectively extending opposite side walls (21, 22), the walls of one of the pairs (20) of side walls cutouts being bent at right angles outward to form abutment supports (23). Support selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des butées de traction (8) interposées entre les appuis respectifs (23) desdites armatures (2, 3), et des butées de compression (9) interposées entre l'une (21) des parois latérales opposées d'une des armatures et l'autre (22) des parois latérales opposées de l'autre armature.Support according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises traction stops (8) interposed between the respective supports (23) of said frames (2, 3), and compression stops (9) interposed between one ( 21) opposite side walls of one of the frames and the other (22) of the opposite side walls of the other frame. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux armatures (2, 3) différentes, l'une d'elles (3) étant pourvue d'un fer (27) en U portant intérieurement les butées de traction et de compression (8, 9), entre lesquelles vient se loger, lors du montage, une aile (22) de l'autre armature (2).Support according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises two different reinforcements (2, 3), one of them (3) being provided with an iron (27) in U carrying internally the traction and compression stops (8, 9), between which is housed, during assembly, a wing (22) of the other frame (2). Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites ouvertures (16) en forme de tunnel présentent à leur extrémité extérieure un rebord de butée (25).Support according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said tunnel-shaped openings (16) have at their outer end an abutment flange (25). Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdites bagues métalliques (17) sont pourvues de dents (26) propres à s'accrocher à l'intérieur desdites ouvertures respectives en forme de tunnel (16).Support according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that said metal rings (17) are provided with teeth (26) suitable for hooking inside said respective tunnel-shaped openings (16).
EP91402813A 1990-10-25 1991-10-22 Elastic support, for vehicle engine in particular Withdrawn EP0482995A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9013246A FR2668566B2 (en) 1990-10-25 1990-10-25 ELASTIC SUPPORT, PARTICULARLY FOR A VEHICLE ENGINE.
FR9013246 1990-10-25

Publications (1)

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EP0482995A1 true EP0482995A1 (en) 1992-04-29

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EP91402813A Withdrawn EP0482995A1 (en) 1990-10-25 1991-10-22 Elastic support, for vehicle engine in particular

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EP (1) EP0482995A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04307141A (en)
KR (1) KR920008376A (en)
FR (1) FR2668566B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6057618A (en) * 1998-04-01 2000-05-02 Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. Support assembly for a rotating shaft
JP2014149027A (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Spring device and vibration insulation device
DE102016003683B4 (en) * 2016-03-24 2019-11-21 Audi Ag Spring element, in particular for elastic mounting
JP7034608B2 (en) * 2017-06-19 2022-03-14 株式会社日立産機システム pump

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3730509A (en) * 1970-04-15 1973-05-01 R Jorn Composite spring element for use as a motor mount
FR2570032A1 (en) * 1984-09-10 1986-03-14 Rech Ressorts Centre Device for fixing the ends of leaf springs arranged longitudinally in relation to the vehicle

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3730509A (en) * 1970-04-15 1973-05-01 R Jorn Composite spring element for use as a motor mount
FR2570032A1 (en) * 1984-09-10 1986-03-14 Rech Ressorts Centre Device for fixing the ends of leaf springs arranged longitudinally in relation to the vehicle

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 6, no. 120 (M-140)(998) 3 Juillet 1982 & JP-A-57 047 044 ( NIPPON HATSUJIYOU KK ) 17 Mars 1982 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 8, no. 203 (M-326)(1640) 18 Septembre 1984 & JP-A-59 093 532 ( NIHON HATSUJIYOU KK ) 30 Mai 1984 *

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FR2668566B2 (en) 1994-08-19
FR2668566A2 (en) 1992-04-30
JPH04307141A (en) 1992-10-29
KR920008376A (en) 1992-05-27

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