EP0481997A1 - Engine-starter protection circuit. - Google Patents
Engine-starter protection circuit.Info
- Publication number
- EP0481997A1 EP0481997A1 EP90903791A EP90903791A EP0481997A1 EP 0481997 A1 EP0481997 A1 EP 0481997A1 EP 90903791 A EP90903791 A EP 90903791A EP 90903791 A EP90903791 A EP 90903791A EP 0481997 A1 EP0481997 A1 EP 0481997A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- relay
- starter
- pole
- protection circuit
- winding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/10—Safety devices
- F02N11/106—Safety devices for stopping or interrupting starter actuation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/10—Safety devices
- F02N11/101—Safety devices for preventing engine starter actuation or engagement
Definitions
- the invention relates to a star protection circuit for the starting device of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle.
- the internal combustion engines of vehicles are equipped with an electrically operated starter device, an engagement relay can be actuated via a starter switch which can be actuated with an ignition key, as a starting device connects to a battery of the vehicle and produces a mechanical frictional connection between starter and internal combustion engine via a pinion arrangement.
- a starter switch which can be actuated with an ignition key
- the driver of the vehicle opens the start switch by releasing the ignition key, as a result of which the engagement relay drops out and the starter is put out of operation.
- the starter is only suitable for short-term operation This means that it can only withstand heating caused by the relatively large starter current for a short time during a starting process. In this respect there is a starter failure (mostly total damage due to overheating) if, for example, the starter switch "gets stuck", since this leads to continuous operation of the starter for which it is not designed.
- the starter protection circuit according to the invention has the advantage that sticking of the starter switch or the like does not result in destruction of the starter device, in particular its starter device. If the starter z. B. actuated for an inadmissibly long time due to a fault (in particular the starter switch gets stuck), a thermal switch assigned to it responds. The response of the thermal switch due to a corresponding heating of the starter device has the result that a relay is actuated, In this respect, the starter is switched off before it destroys itself due to the developing heat. In order to be able to carry out a new starter operation despite the stuck start switch, a relay actuation button is provided. This actuation preferably operates from the driver's seat.
- the actuation causes the relay to be switched, so that the starter's interruption in operation is canceled.
- the starter protection circuit according to the invention therefore not only offers overload protection for the starters. Rotating device, but also gives the possibility to restart an initially interrupted starter operation despite an error.
- the relay has a self-holding circuit.
- the relay position which interrupts starter operation can therefore be maintained by the self-holding circuit.
- the relay actuation button preferably has a break contact which is located in the self-holding circuit of the self-holding circuit. The actuation of the relay actuation button interrupts the self-holding circuit, so that the previously energized relay drops out again, whereby a renewed starter operation is possible if the thermal switch has returned to its cold switching state.
- the thermal switch has a make contact which operates when a limit temperature is exceeded. If the limit temperature is exceeded, this make contact closes, which excites the winding of the relay and assumes a switching state that interrupts starter operation.
- the thermal switch can be coupled directly to the starter via a heat-conducting connection, so that it detects the temperature of the starter and accordingly assumes its cold switching state or its hot switching state.
- the thermal switch may be flowed through by an actuating current of an engagement relay of the starter.
- the actuator current activates the engagement relay and thus the starter. It is thus ensured that the starter also works when the actuation current occurs, so that monitoring the actuation current is equivalent to monitoring the starter. It is preferably provided that the actuating flow itself heats the thermal switch so that the thermal switch responds when a predetermined current flow duration is exceeded. The starter operation is therefore time-monitored.
- the arrangement can preferably be designed such that the relay switches off the supply voltage of the engagement relay 1 . As a result, the engagement relay drops out, so that the current supplied directly by the battery of the vehicle to the starter is interrupted.
- the relay has a make contact and a break contact, the make contact being in the self-holding circuit and the break contact being connected downstream of the start switch and being arranged in a circuit associated with the engagement relay.
- the relay keeps the self-holding for the interruption of the starter operation via the normally open contact mentioned.
- the break contact releases the engagement relay.
- the make contact of the thermal switch is connected in parallel to the make contact of the relay, so that when the thermal switch is activated, the relay is energized and - after a cooling phase - the relay remains held in place by the make contact assigned to it, even though the make contact of the thermal switch is in its open position has returned.
- the thermal switch is designed as a changeover contact, the changeover contact of which is in series with the start switch and whose pole, which is connected to the changeover contact in the cold switching state, is connected to the engagement relay via an opener of the relay and whose The hot switching state with the pole connected to the changeover contact leads to the winding of the relay. In the cold switching state of the thermal switch, the engagement relay is accordingly supplied via the make contact.
- the break contact interrupts the circuit leading to the reclosing relay, that is to say the starter operation is interrupted.
- the closer holds the relay in the pulled position via a self-holding circuit.
- An opener of a relay actuation button is located in this self-holding circuit, so that during its operation the relay can be returned to its dropped position and - after the cold switching state of the thermal switch has been taken - a new starter operation can take place.
- the thermal switch has an opener, one first pole of which is connected to the ignition switch and the other, second pole of which is connected to the engagement relay via an opener of the relay, and that one end of the winding of the Relay is connected to the second pole and the other end of the winding via the break contact of the relay actuation switch to the starter pole of the starter holder.
- the egg is supplied with a reverse relay, via the thermal switch and the normally closed contact of the relay. The winding of the relay is not in the excited state, since both winding connections are at approximately the same potential.
- the thermal switch responds, that is, its break contact opens, the direct connection between the starter pole of the start switch and the windings of the engagement relay 1 is interrupted and an indirect connection is created.
- the design is now such that the relay picks up due to the current flowing through this indirect connection, but the engagement relay drops out due to the series resistance formed by the relay winding. The relay is therefore energized in this state, but the starter operation is interrupted. If the thermal switch fires again after a cooling time, the described switching state of the relay is retained due to the opener of the relay which is in series with the thermal switch.
- opening the opener of the relay actuation button causes the relay to drop out, so that the engagement relay is actuated via the thermal switch and the normally open contact of the relay, which is now in its closed position 1 is done.
- the thermal switch has a make contact, one pole of which is connected to a battery of the vehicle, preferably to its positive pole, and the other pole of which is connected to the connections of a pull-in and holding winding of the Relay leads, that the other connection of the holding winding is connected via the opener of the relay actuation switch to the starter-side pole of the start switch, which also leads to the engagement relay via an opener of the relay, and that the other connection of the pull-in winding to the battery, preferably to the battery Minus pole is connected.
- the engagement relay - controlled by the start switch - is a connection which supplies the relay via the break contact.
- the starter operation is therefore interrupted.
- the attracted position of the relay is also retained when the thermal switch opens again, since - as described above - there is a circuit running through the holding winding and the pull-in winding. Due to the bifilar design, this cannot cause the relay to pick up, but the flowing current is sufficient for the relay already pulled to close in the pull-in position hold. Thus, the relay position assumed is retained even after the thermal switch has been opened by cooling. If, however, renewed starter operation is to take place, opening the relay actuation switch causes the winding of the relay to be de-energized. The relay thus drops out and its make contact re-energizes the starter engagement relay.
- FIG. 1 shows a starter protection circuit for a turning device of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle
- FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a starter protection circuit
- FIG. 3 also shows another exemplary embodiment of a starter protection circuit
- FIG. 4 shows the starter contactor circuit according to FIG. 3, but with a differently designed control circuit and Figure 5 shows a last embodiment of a starter protection circuit.
- the starter protection circuit 1 of FIG. 1 is connected to a battery 2 of a vehicle, not shown, and interacts with a starting device or a starter 3 of an internal combustion engine of the vehicle, likewise not shown in detail.
- the positive pole 4 of the battery 2 is connected via a line 5 to a terminal 30 of the starter 3.
- the positive pole 4 is connected to a battery-side pole 6 of a start switch S, which is located on the dashboard of the vehicle and can be actuated with the ignition key.
- the other pole 7 on the starter side is connected to a relay R via a line 8.
- the line 8 * leads to a connection 9 of an opener 10 of the relay R.
- the other connection II of the opener 10 is connected to a line 12 which leads to a terminal 50 of the starter 3.
- the relay R has a make contact 13, one terminal 14 of which is connected to the terminal 30.
- the other terminal 15 of the closer 13 leads to a connection point 16 to which the one pole 17 of a thermal switch T is connected.
- the other pole 18 of the thermal switch T leads to the connection 14.
- the thermal switch T designed as a make contact 19 is parallel to the make contact 13 of the relay R.
- connection point 16 leads via a line 20 to one pole 21 of a relay actuation button D.
- the other pole 22 is connected to a terminal 86 of the winding 23 of the relay P.
- the other winding The end is connected to a terminal 85 which is connected to ground
- a control lamp L is parallel to the winding 23 of the relay R.
- the starter 3 has an engagement relay 25 which actuates a make contact 26 by means of which the starter motor 27 can be connected to the terminal 30.
- a terminal 31 of the starter motor 27 is connected to ground 24.
- the heat developing in the starter motor 27 causes the thermal switch T to respond, that is to say its closer 19 moves into the closed position.
- the positive pole 4 of the battery 2 is connected to the terminal 86 via the make contact 19 and the relay actuation button D, as a result of which the winding 23 of the relay R is excited.
- the indicator lamp L lights up. Pulling the relay R has the result that the opener 10 opens and the closer 13 closes.
- the engagement relay 25 is de-energized (via the break contact 10) so that the starter 3 stops operating.
- the terminal 86 remains connected to the positive pole 4 of the battery 2, even when the make contact 19 of the thermal switch T returns to its open position, that is to say its cold switching state, after a cooling phase.
- the relay R therefore has a self-holding circuit 28.
- the self-holding circuit 29 of the self-holding circuit 28 formed in this way contains the relay actuation button D designed as an opener 32, actuation of this button, which is preferably possible from the driver's seat, can cause the relay R to drop out, as a result of which of the in-closed position, erroneous start switch S again via the normally closed contact 10, a control of the relay 1 Eingurre ⁇ 25 so that the starter operation can be resumed.
- FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a starter protection circuit 1, the same parts being provided with the same reference symbols. The same should also apply to the further FIGS. 3 to 5, which are explained in more detail below. Furthermore, in the description of FIGS. 2 to 5 only the difference to the circuit of FIG. 1 is presented.
- the starter-side pole 7 of the starter switch S is connected via a line 33 to the thermoswitch T, which ler 34 has.
- the changeover contact 35 of the changer 34 is connected to a terminal 36, to which the line 33 is also led.
- a pole 37 of the thermal switch T which is connected to the changeover contact 35 in the cold switching state, is connected via a line 38 to a connection 39 of an opener 40 of the relay R.
- the other pole 41 of the opener 40 is connected to a line 42 which leads to the terminal 50.
- a pole 43 of the thermal switch T which is connected to the changeover contact 35 in the hot switching state, leads via a line 44 to the terminal 86 of the winding 23 of the relay R.
- the terminal 86 is also connected via a line 45 to a connection 46 of a make contact 47 of the relay R in connection, the other terminal 48 of which leads to the one pole 49 of the relay actuation button D, which is designed as a break contact 32, the other pole 51 of which leads to the terminal 36.
- a self-holding circuit 28 is also present here, which has a self-holding circuit 29.
- the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3 has a thermal switch T which has an opener 52.
- One pole 53 of the opener 52 is connected via a line 54 to the pole 7 of the starter switch S on the starter side.
- the other pole 55 of the opener 52 is connected to a line 56, which leads to a connection 57 of an opener 58 of the relay R, the other connection 59 of which is connected to the terminal 50 of the starter 3 via a line 60.
- Terminal 50 is also connected to terminal 86 of relay R.
- the terminal 85 of the winding 23 of the relay R leads to the one pole 61 of the relay actuation button D, which is designed as an opener 62, the other pole 63 of which is connected to the pole 7 of the start switch S.
- the starter protection circuit of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3 has the following mode of operation:
- the engagement relay 25 is switched on in normal operation via the break contact 52 of the thermal switch T and the break contact 58 of the relay R. controls.
- the break contact 52 of the thermal switch T opens as a result of overheating, so that the current path to the engagement relay 25 is interrupted.
- the starter 3 stops operating.
- the thermal switch T As long as the thermal switch T is in its cold switching state (according to FIG. 3), there is a bridging of the connections of the winding 23 of the relay R (terminals 85 and 86). As soon as, however, as mentioned above, the thermal switch T assumes its hot switching state in which the opener 52 interrupts the bridging, there is a connection between the positive pole 4 of the battery 2 and the terminal 50. This connection runs via the start switch S which is in the closed position, the break contact 62 of the relay actuation button D and the winding 23 (in parallel also via the control lamp L). The current flowing through this connection is sufficient to keep the relay R in its energized state; however, it is not large enough to keep the engagement relay 25 in the energized state.
- the relay actuation button D is pressed, as a result of which the relay R is de-energized and the break contact 58 returns to its closed state. returns.
- the engagement relay 25 then picks up again so that a starting process takes place.
- the starter contactor circuit of FIG. 4 corresponds essentially to the structure of FIG. 3.
- a further relay contact is provided, which is designed as a make contact 60, one connection 65 of which leads to the pole 7 of the starter switch S on the starter side and the other connection of which 66 is connected to one pole 67 of the control lamp L.
- the other pole 68 of the control lamp L is connected to ground 24.
- the control lamp L is actuated via a separate make 64 of the relay R.
- FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a starter protection circuit 1 according to the invention, in which a terminal 70 of an opener 71 of the relay R is connected to the starter-side pole 7 of the starter switch S via a line 69.
- the other connection 72 of the opener 71 is connected via a line 73 to the terminal 50 of the starter 3.
- the pole 7 is also connected to the one pole 74 of the relay actuation button D, which is designed as a break contact 75.
- the other pole 76 leads to the winding 23 of the relay R.
- This winding 23 is formed in two parts. It consists of a holding winding LJJ and a pull-in winding L j ..
- the pole 76 is connected to a terminal 77, which leads to one connection of the holding winding LJJ.
- the other terminal 78 of the holding winding Lg is connected to the terminal 86, which is connected via a line 79 to the one pole 80 of the thermal scarf.
- e ⁇ s T leads one Has NO 81.
- the other pole 82 of the thermal switch T leads to the terminal 30 of the starter 3.
- the terminal 86 is also connected to a connection 83 which leads to the one end of the pull-in winding L j . of relay R leads.
- the other winding end of the pull-in winding L j . is connected to terminal 85.
- the control lamp L is parallel to the terminals 85 and 86, the terminal 85 also being connected to ground 24.
- the make contact 81 of the thermal switch T closes, as a result of which the positive potential of the battery 2 reaches the terminal 86. This plus potential is also present at terminal 77 in approximately the same size, so that the holding winding LJJ is not excited.
- the pull-in winding Lg of the relay R is energized, so that the relay R picks up, whereby the break contact 71 opens, so that the engagement relay 25 drops out and the starter operation is terminated.
- the make contact 81 of the thermal switch T opens. If renewed starter operation is now to be started, the relay actuation button D is pressed, as a result of which the relay R is de-energized and drops out.
- the break contact 71 returns to its closed state, so that the engagement relay 25 is activated.
- the starter protection circuits according to the invention thus offer a protective function in the case of stuck ignition switches or the like.
- the starter is saved from total damage.
- the triggering of the protective function is signaled by the control lamp L.
- a further start can take place either when the start switch S has been repaired or - in an emergency - the relay actuation button D is pressed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention se rapporte à un circuit de protection du démarreur pour le système de lancement d'un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule, en particulier d'un véhicule automobile. Pour la protection du système de lancement, il est prévu qu'au démarreur (3) soit adjoint un thermorupteur (T) qui, lorsqu'il est activé, actionne un relais (R) interrompant le processus de démarrage, et qu'après le retour à l'état ''froid'' du thermorupteur (T), un nouveau processus de démarrage soit possible au moyen d'un bouton-poussoir (D) actionnant le relais.The invention relates to a starter protection circuit for the launching system of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, in particular of a motor vehicle. For the protection of the launching system, it is planned that in the starter (3) is added a thermal switch (T) which, when activated, activates a relay (R) interrupting the starting process, and that after the return to the `` cold '' state of the thermal switch (T), a new starting process is possible by means of a push button (D) actuating the relay.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3922492A DE3922492A1 (en) | 1989-07-08 | 1989-07-08 | STARTER PROTECTION CIRCUIT |
DE3922492 | 1989-07-08 | ||
PCT/DE1990/000172 WO1991000960A1 (en) | 1989-07-08 | 1990-03-09 | Engine-starter protection circuit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0481997A1 true EP0481997A1 (en) | 1992-04-29 |
EP0481997B1 EP0481997B1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
Family
ID=6384559
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90903791A Expired - Lifetime EP0481997B1 (en) | 1989-07-08 | 1990-03-09 | Engine-starter protection circuit |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5239954A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0481997B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU627851B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9007512A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3922492A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2056449T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991000960A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5731638A (en) * | 1994-11-22 | 1998-03-24 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Starter motor having a two stage magnetic switch and current limiting member |
JP3502250B2 (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 2004-03-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Starter protection device |
US5992366A (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-11-30 | Questek Manufacturing Corporation | Ignition switch cutout module |
JP2000217314A (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-08-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Starter |
FR2797530B1 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2001-11-02 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLE STARTER SWITCHING CONTROL |
US6969924B2 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-11-29 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Starter control apparatus |
DE102007015396A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Starter mechanism with multi-stage lifting relay |
DE102007030297A1 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-02 | Daimler Ag | Starter protection method for internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, involves activating starter if temperature of starter lies under threshold temperature, where temperature is determined on basis of battery voltage and engine speed |
DE102008004381A1 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Parallel starting system |
DE102009047635A1 (en) * | 2009-08-12 | 2011-02-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Circuit arrangement of a starting device |
JP5471532B2 (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2014-04-16 | 株式会社デンソー | Switch device for starter |
DE102010029210B4 (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2015-06-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for starting and stopping an internal combustion engine |
US20130104828A1 (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2013-05-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine starting device and vehicle incorporating the same |
DE102010039044A1 (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2012-02-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Starter for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle and method for producing such a starter |
JP5100804B2 (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-12-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Start control unit and start command signal generator for the same |
JP5223936B2 (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2013-06-26 | 株式会社デンソー | Starter control device |
CN102943728A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-02-27 | 安徽誉丰汽车技术有限责任公司 | Control device of automobile starter |
FR3018557A1 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-18 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ESTIMATING THE REMAINING TIME OF ACTIVATION OF A STARTER BEFORE OVERHEATING |
DE102014224585A1 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electromagnetic relay, in particular starter relay for a starting device |
DE102015207986A1 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Starting device for an internal combustion engine |
DE102016101553A1 (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-08-03 | Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electronic motor starter with protection and monitoring function |
CN107387287B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2022-08-16 | 河南满守忠汽车配件有限公司 | Automobile starter protection circuit |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3002232A1 (en) * | 1980-01-23 | 1981-07-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | SWITCHING DEVICE FOR ELECTRICAL TURNING DEVICES FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
US4494162A (en) * | 1981-10-30 | 1985-01-15 | Harsco Corporation | Starter thermal overload protection system |
EP0244521B1 (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1989-05-03 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Engine starter |
JPS61116071A (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1986-06-03 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | Starter |
-
1989
- 1989-07-08 DE DE3922492A patent/DE3922492A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-03-09 BR BR909007512A patent/BR9007512A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-09 WO PCT/DE1990/000172 patent/WO1991000960A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-03-09 AU AU51901/90A patent/AU627851B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-03-09 US US07/777,546 patent/US5239954A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-09 ES ES90903791T patent/ES2056449T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-09 DE DE59005957T patent/DE59005957D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-09 EP EP90903791A patent/EP0481997B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9100960A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59005957D1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
US5239954A (en) | 1993-08-31 |
DE3922492A1 (en) | 1991-01-17 |
AU627851B2 (en) | 1992-09-03 |
EP0481997B1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
BR9007512A (en) | 1992-06-23 |
AU5190190A (en) | 1991-02-06 |
ES2056449T3 (en) | 1994-10-01 |
WO1991000960A1 (en) | 1991-01-24 |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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