EP0480246A1 - Prévention électronique de duplication d'un signal destiné à une entrée sans clé utilisant une méthode de transmission à faible consommation d'énergie - Google Patents

Prévention électronique de duplication d'un signal destiné à une entrée sans clé utilisant une méthode de transmission à faible consommation d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0480246A1
EP0480246A1 EP91116342A EP91116342A EP0480246A1 EP 0480246 A1 EP0480246 A1 EP 0480246A1 EP 91116342 A EP91116342 A EP 91116342A EP 91116342 A EP91116342 A EP 91116342A EP 0480246 A1 EP0480246 A1 EP 0480246A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulse
test
pulses
carrier
friend
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91116342A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dennis A. Kramer
Mark E. Malinowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boeing North American Inc
Original Assignee
Rockwell International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rockwell International Corp filed Critical Rockwell International Corp
Publication of EP0480246A1 publication Critical patent/EP0480246A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00182—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • G08C19/16—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses
    • G08C19/24—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses using time shift of pulses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
    • G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
    • G07C2009/00785—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by light

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to keyless entry systems providing vehicle access and, more specifically, keyless entry systems featuring a method of signal transmission which conserves energy and resists duplication.
  • Keyless vehicle access codes are susceptible to unauthorized duplication. That is, the access code of the keyless transmitter can be duplicated by unauthorized individuals permitting unauthorized access to the vehicle.
  • a specific duplication problem occurs with remote keyless entry systems using infrared as a communication band between the handheld transmitter and the receiver. Infrared keyless systems utilize similar technology to that used in infrared remote controls used on consumer entertainment products.
  • a universal programmable remote control unit for controlling consumer entertainment products may be used to learn, record and regenerate the electronic code of the system in the same manner that they may be used in conjunction with entertainment products. Once the code has been learned and recorded, it may be played back thereby providing access to the specific vehicle for which the transmitter message has been recorded.
  • One approach to preventing use of a duplicated keyless entry code is to implement a rolling code. That is, the transmitter and receiver respectively change codes each time the unit is used. The receiver ignores previously acceptable codes. Therefore if a code is recorded by an unauthorized individual, the next time the system is used it has changed to a new code ignoring the old.
  • the increased security provided by use of a rolling code comes at the cost of some inconvenience. That is, the rolling code in the transmitter and the receiver may not stay synchronized.
  • the transmitter may be actuated beyond the range of the receiver resulting in the rolling of the code stored in the transmitter without corresponding roll of the receiver code. In this case, if the transmitter is within the look ahead range of the receiver, the receiver code will be advanced until a match occurs.
  • the present invention features a remote keyless entry device providing vehicle access which utilizes a friend/foe screening technique comprising an initial sequence of two pulses which precede a transmitted code.
  • the first pulse is transmitted on a 50 kHz carrier frequency while the second is transmitted on a 38 kHz carrier frequency.
  • a match is acknowledged permitting the subsequently following transmitted vehicle code to be received and compared to the code stored in the receiver memory.
  • the specific vehicle code in the preferred embodiment consists of five integers. These integers are transmitted by the transmitter in serial fashion. Each integer is represented as a time interval between a start and a stop pulse. Each time interval is equal to a fixed increment of time multiplied by the respective integer value.
  • the stop pulse of the first integer is the start pulse of the second and the stop pulse of the second is the start pulse of the third, etc.
  • a remote keyless entry system which implements a method to provide access command comprising the steps of receiving an incoming transmission comprising first and second carrier portions of first carrier frequency and second carrier frequency, respectively and further comprising a sequence of temporally spaced pulses including at least a first pulse, a second pulse and a third pulse, performing a friend/foe test on the incoming transmission by determining the frequency of at least one of the carrier portions and declaring the friend/foe test to have passed if the first carrier frequency is a first predetermined frequency and the second carrier frequency is a second predetermined frequency, performing a decode test upon the temporally spaced pulses by determining a first elapsed time between the first and second pulses and a second elapsed time between the second and third pulses and declaring the decode test to have passed if the first elapsed time equals the first predetermined time and the second elapsed time equals the second predetermined time, and implementing the access command if both friend/foe
  • the method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the manner wherein the friend/foe test further comprises determining the frequency of both carrier portions and declaring the friend/foe test to have passed if the first and second carrier frequency are received in a predetermined order within a predetermined time interval. It is contemplated that the method of implementing the present invention may be accomplished using first and second carrier frequencies that are not integer multiples of one another. In a similar manner, the first and second predetermined frequencies are not integer multiples of one another.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 1 includes a transmitter 10 featuring a microprocessor 12, a non-volatile memory 14, drive transistor 16 and infrared LED 18.
  • a momentary contact switch 20 connects microprocessor 12 to battery 22 to power up transmitter 10.
  • microprocessor 12 Upon energization, microprocessor 12 triggers memory 14 to produce a serial communication bit stream corresponding to a unique code word.
  • the microprocessor 12 then transmits a pair of pulses 24, 26 (as shown in Figure 3).
  • pulse 24 is on a carrier frequency of 50 kHz and pulse 26 is on a carrier frequency of 38 kHz.
  • the carrier frequencies and order of pulses is recognized by the receiver which then adjusts the receiver gain control in anticipation of receiving subsequent coded data.
  • the pulse pair 24,26 provides a unique signature which identifies the transmitter as a friend.
  • No other infrared devices are capable of operating in multiple carrier frequencies and providing the unique signature so as to accomplish friend/foe screening. Therefore it is not possible to learn, read and regenerate the multicarrier pulse pair using readily available commercial devices.
  • memory 14 produces a serially unique encoded bit stream which comprises a 25 bit binary number.
  • Microprocessor 12 then converts the number into five, five bit integers which comprise a uniquely coded sequence of numbers. Each of the five, five bit numbers represent a value between 0 and 31. This provides 2 to the 25th power or 33 million combinations minimizing the likelihood that two vehicles will have the same vehicle access code.
  • the five, five bit integers are further encoded in microprocessor 12 and are transmitted from the transmitter as a single start bit and a single stop bit for each integer with the time interval therebetween being representative of the respective integer value.
  • a zero value integer is represented as a start and stop pulse separated by a single fixed increment of time.
  • the integer five would be transmitted as a start pulse followed by five fixed increments plus one followed by a stop pulse. All five integers are transmitted sequentially. That is, stop pulse 20 of the first interval provides a start pulse for the second interval. Stop pulse 32 of the second integer provides the start of the third and so on. In this manner, approximately one-half of the transmit energy is used as compared to using start/stop pulses for each integer. Therefore the energy per transmission is halved.
  • microprocessor 12 is a ZILOG Z86C08 and memory 14 is a Dallas semiconductor DS2224.
  • receiver 110 includes a photo diode D1, preferably a Siemens SFH206.
  • Photo diode D1 is biased to compensate for ambient light level interference by transistor Q1 and associated bias resistors R1, R2 and capacitor C4. In this manner, current generated by D1 as a result of ambient sun light is blocked by the bias from Q1 therefore eliminating photovoltaic background noise allowing D1 to remain sensitive to a signal from transmitter 10.
  • the output of D1 is provided to preamp 112 which is preferably a Telefunken 2509.
  • Preamp 112 serves as the automatic gain control (AGC) of the transmitter receiver pair.
  • Preamp 112 includes a bandpass filter comprising capacitors C8, C9 and resistors R3, R4.
  • microprocessor 114 which is preferably ZILOG Z86E2112VSC.
  • External memory 116 connected to microprocessor 114 is preferably a Dallas Semiconductor DS2222.
  • Microprocessor 114 monitors the status of sensors indicating the position of the vehicle access doors (i.e., open or closed). If a door is open, microprocessor 114 writes to memory 116 thereby enabling the learning of transmitter codes. If the door is closed, the code in stored memory 116 is compared to that received from a transmitter.
  • an infrared signal incident upon D1 is converted to a voltage at the respective frequency incident thereon.
  • the signal is then filtered and amplified by preamp 112. The filtering at this point is broad band allowing anything between 38 and 50 kHz to pass.
  • the signal is supplied to microprocessor 114.
  • Microprocessor 114 determines if the signal is a friend or a foe. As indicated previously, transmitter 10 produces a pair of pulses; one pulse at 50 and a second at 38 kHz carrier frequency. If a 50 kHz pulse is received, the microprocessor 114 will open a window of limited duration and look for a 38 kHz pulse.
  • microprocessor 114 If the respective pulses are received, the respective transmitter is recognized as a friend and microprocessor 114 opens a window. Next, data pulses 28,30, 32 of Figure 3 from transmitter 10 are communicated to microprocessor 114. Each data pulse is a 263 micro sec burst on a 50 kHz carrier frequency. The data pulses are temporally spaced in a manner which represents the respective transmitter code previously described. Microprocessor 114 stores each integer as a modulo 32 number that is then converted to a string of 8 bit binary numbers that are then compared to the code stored in memory 116. When a match is recognized, microprocessor 114 produces a logic level signal which is communicated to the central locking unit 118 of the vehicle to implement the respective instruction. (i.e., lock or unlock the doors to access the vehicle.)

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
EP91116342A 1990-10-09 1991-09-25 Prévention électronique de duplication d'un signal destiné à une entrée sans clé utilisant une méthode de transmission à faible consommation d'énergie Withdrawn EP0480246A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59458290A 1990-10-09 1990-10-09
US594582 1990-10-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0480246A1 true EP0480246A1 (fr) 1992-04-15

Family

ID=24379496

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91116342A Withdrawn EP0480246A1 (fr) 1990-10-09 1991-09-25 Prévention électronique de duplication d'un signal destiné à une entrée sans clé utilisant une méthode de transmission à faible consommation d'énergie

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0480246A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04258478A (fr)
CA (1) CA2051952A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE480246T1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2032740T1 (fr)
MX (1) MX9101495A (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994006988A1 (fr) * 1992-09-17 1994-03-31 Rockwell International Corporation Acces a distance a un vehicule presentant une grande securite
EP0668198A1 (fr) * 1993-09-16 1995-08-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Commande a distance
EP0768631A1 (fr) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-16 Ford Motor Company Système de télécommande
FR2773292A1 (fr) * 1997-12-30 1999-07-02 Kiekert Ag Procede pour transmettre des informations dans un vehicule automobile
ES2147148A1 (es) * 1998-11-16 2000-08-16 C A S Locks S L Sistema para accionamiento seguro de una señal codificada.
FR2792790A1 (fr) * 1999-03-24 2000-10-27 Siemens Ag Dispositif de verification de l'identite d'un emetteur
EP0999103A3 (fr) * 1998-11-04 2002-04-17 Adam Opel Ag Dispositif d'identification d'un utilisateur
FR2894743A1 (fr) * 2005-12-08 2007-06-15 Univ La Reunion Procede et systeme de transmission d'informations
CN114084095A (zh) * 2021-10-26 2022-02-25 一汽奔腾轿车有限公司 一种车辆无钥匙解锁方法、装置、终端及存储介质

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1207942A (fr) * 1958-07-29 1960-02-19 Cfcmug Dispositifs de télésignalisation ou de télécommande séquentielle
GB2196203A (en) * 1986-10-11 1988-04-20 Apt Controls Ltd Remote infra-red activated access control system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1207942A (fr) * 1958-07-29 1960-02-19 Cfcmug Dispositifs de télésignalisation ou de télécommande séquentielle
GB2196203A (en) * 1986-10-11 1988-04-20 Apt Controls Ltd Remote infra-red activated access control system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ELEKTRONIK. vol. 34, no. 23, 1 November 1985, MUNCHEN DE pages 99 - 102; PELTZ: 'selektive ir-garagentor-fernsteuerung' *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994006988A1 (fr) * 1992-09-17 1994-03-31 Rockwell International Corporation Acces a distance a un vehicule presentant une grande securite
US5638056A (en) * 1993-09-16 1997-06-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Remote control apparatus
EP0668198A1 (fr) * 1993-09-16 1995-08-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Commande a distance
EP0668198A4 (fr) * 1993-09-16 1996-01-03 Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Commande a distance.
US5958081A (en) * 1995-10-11 1999-09-28 Ford Motor Company Energy efficient remote control protocol with improved reliability
EP0768631A1 (fr) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-16 Ford Motor Company Système de télécommande
FR2773292A1 (fr) * 1997-12-30 1999-07-02 Kiekert Ag Procede pour transmettre des informations dans un vehicule automobile
EP0999103A3 (fr) * 1998-11-04 2002-04-17 Adam Opel Ag Dispositif d'identification d'un utilisateur
ES2147148A1 (es) * 1998-11-16 2000-08-16 C A S Locks S L Sistema para accionamiento seguro de una señal codificada.
FR2792790A1 (fr) * 1999-03-24 2000-10-27 Siemens Ag Dispositif de verification de l'identite d'un emetteur
FR2894743A1 (fr) * 2005-12-08 2007-06-15 Univ La Reunion Procede et systeme de transmission d'informations
WO2008068394A1 (fr) * 2005-12-08 2008-06-12 Universite De La Reunion Procédé et systeme de transmission d'informations
CN114084095A (zh) * 2021-10-26 2022-02-25 一汽奔腾轿车有限公司 一种车辆无钥匙解锁方法、装置、终端及存储介质
CN114084095B (zh) * 2021-10-26 2023-10-20 一汽奔腾轿车有限公司 一种车辆无钥匙解锁方法、装置、终端及存储介质

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH04258478A (ja) 1992-09-14
MX9101495A (es) 1992-06-05
CA2051952A1 (fr) 1992-04-10
DE480246T1 (de) 1992-09-24
ES2032740T1 (es) 1993-03-01

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