EP0479487A1 - Briketts - Google Patents

Briketts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0479487A1
EP0479487A1 EP91308768A EP91308768A EP0479487A1 EP 0479487 A1 EP0479487 A1 EP 0479487A1 EP 91308768 A EP91308768 A EP 91308768A EP 91308768 A EP91308768 A EP 91308768A EP 0479487 A1 EP0479487 A1 EP 0479487A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
briquette
sodium
binder
carbonaceous material
fines
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91308768A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gary Botha
Dennis Bertram Nesbitt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0479487A1 publication Critical patent/EP0479487A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to briquettes. It relates also to a method of making briquettes.
  • a briquette which comprises, in admixture with one another and as a unitary mass, a particulate carbonaceous material, a binder, and at least one sodium compound capable of inhibiting disintegration of the unitary mass at high temperature at least for a period of time, with the proviso that the sodium compound is not sodium nitrate or sodium silicate.
  • the carbonaceous material may comprise bituminous coal, anthracite, coke, char, charcoal, or the like.
  • the particles of carbonaceous material may be less than 6 mm in size, preferably less than 3 mm in size, ie capable of passing through 3 mm diameter screen or mesh openings.
  • the carbonaceous material acts as solid fuel and as a reductant, eg when the briquette is used in iron or steel smelting.
  • the binder may be starch based, and may also be in particulate form initially.
  • the starch based binder may initially be in modified or unmodified form. If it is initially in unmodified form, it may be pretreated prior to use, by heating it, thereby to render it into modified form.
  • the binder particles may initially be less than 1 mm, eg about 0.5 to 0.8 mm in size.
  • the unitary mass can then be obtained by heating the admixture of the constituents sufficiently to form a compressible mix, and compressing the mix into the unitary mass.
  • the sodium compound may be sodium hydroxide, which may initially be in solid or liquid form.
  • the sodium hydroxide is thus believed to act as a stabilizing agent for inhibiting disintegration of the briquettes at high burning temperatures, at least for a period of time.
  • the briquette may also include sodium nitrate in admixture with the carbonaceous material, binder and sodium hydroxide.
  • the sodium nitrate is believed to control the rate of burning of the briquette so that it lasts longer.
  • the briquette may comprise, on a mass basis
  • the briquette may include a waterproofing agent in admixture with the other constituents.
  • the waterproofing agent may be present in a proportion of 1-50%, based on the binder.
  • the waterproofing agent may be colloidal silica, for example an aqueous colloidal dispersion of silica particles available as several grades in South Africa under the name "LUDOX” (registered trade mark) from Chempro (Proprietary) Limited (ex. Du Pont Co.). Suitable grades are "LUDOX HS-30", “LUDOX HS-40" and "LUDOX SM”.
  • the briquette may also include, instead of the waterproofing agent or in addition thereto, fines in admixture with the other constituents.
  • the fines may be present in a proportion of 20-75% by mass.
  • the fines may comprise particles of chromite, magnesia, dolomite, limestone, ferro-silicon, flux, manganese, silicon metal, pure silica, quartz, or the like, or mixtures thereof.
  • the fines particles may be less than 6 mm in size, preferably less than 3 mm in size.
  • the briquette When the briquette contains the waterproofing agent and the fines, it may comprise, on a mass basis
  • a briquette which comprises, in admixture with one another and as a unitary mass, a particulate carbonaceous material, a binder, a waterproofing agent, and at least one sodium compound capable of inhibiting disintegration of the unitary mass at high temperatures at least for a period of time, with the proviso that the sodium compound is not sodium nitrate or sodium silicate.
  • the carbonaceous material, binder, waterproofing agent and sodium compound may be as hereinbefore described, and the briquette may also include fines as hereinbefore described.
  • a briquette which comprises, in admixture with one another and as a unitary mass, a particulate carbonaceous material, fines, a binder, and at least one sodium compound capable of inhibiting disintegration of the unitary mass at high temperatures at least for a period of time, with the proviso that the sodium compound is not sodium nitrate or sodium silicate.
  • the carbonaceous material, binder, fines and sodium compound may be as hereinbefore described.
  • a briquette which comprises, in admixture with one another and as a unitary mass, a particulate carbonaceous material, fines, a binder, a waterproofing agent, and at least one sodium compound capable of inhibiting disintegration of the unitary mass at high temperatures at least for a period of time, with the proviso that the sodium compound is not sodium nitrate or sodium silicate.
  • the carbonaceous material, fines, binder, waterproofing agent and sodium compound may be as hereinbefore described.
  • a method of making a briquette which comprises admixing a particulate carbonaceous material, a binder, and at least one sodium compound capable of inhibiting disintegration of the briquette at high temperatures at least for a period of time, with the proviso that the sodium compound is not sodium nitrate or sodium silicate; heating the admixture sufficiently to form a compressible mix; compressing the mix into a green briquette; curing the green briquette.
  • the admixture may comprise particulate carbonaceous material, a binder, sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate.
  • a premix can be formed by admixing the binder, sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate. Thereafter this premix can be admixed with the particulate carbonaceous material.
  • the resultant mixture may be heated to at least 50°C, eg to between 50°C and 100°C, typically in the range of 70-72°C.
  • the heating may be direct steam heating, so that the mixture is thereby moistened at least to a degree.
  • it may then contain about 20% by mass water after the heating has been completed.
  • the compression may be effected at a pressure of between 0.5 and 10 tonnes, and the maximum dimension of the resultant briquette may be about 2 to 20 cm.
  • the curing may be effected in a curing tunnel, and the curing temperature may be at least 100°C, eg between 150°C and 350°C.
  • the curing can, however, also be effected at room temperature, if desired.
  • a method of making a briquette which comprises admixing a particulate carbonaceous material, fines, a binder, a waterproofing agent, and at least one sodium compound capable of inhibiting disintegration of the briquette at high temperatures at least for a period of time, with the proviso that the sodium compound is not sodium nitrate or sodium silicate; heating the admixture sufficiently to form a compressible mix; compressing the mix into a green briquette; and curing the green briquette.
  • a first premix can be formed by admixing the particulate carbonaceous material and the fines, and a second premix can be formed by admixing the binder, the waterproofing agent and the sodium compound. Thereafter, the first premix can be admixed with the second premix.
  • the resultant mixture may be heated to at least 50°C, as hereinbefore described.
  • a method of making a briquette which comprises admixing a particulate carbonaceous material, a binder, a waterproofing agent, and at least one sodium compound capable of inhibiting disintegration of the briquette at high temperatures at least for a period of time, with the proviso that the sodium compound is not sodium nitrate or sodium silicate; heating the admixture sufficiently to form a compressible mix; compressing the mix into a green briquette; and curing the green briquette.
  • a method of making a briquette which comprises admixing the particulate carbonaceous material, fines, a binder, and at least one sodium compound capable of inhibiting disintegration of the briquette at high temperatures at least for a period of time, with the proviso that the sodium compound is not sodium nitrate or sodium silicate; heating the admixture sufficiently to form a compressible mix; compressing the mix into a green briquette; and curing the green briquette.
  • reference numeral 10 generally indicates the steps in a method of forming briquettes in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • reference numeral 11 indicates a char preparation stage
  • reference numeral 12 indicates a binder preparation stage
  • a transfer line 14 interconnects the stage 12 with a mixing stage 16 with sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate feed lines 18, 20 respectively leading into the mixing stage 16.
  • a transfer line 22 leads from the mixing stage 16 to a further mixing stage 24, with a transfer line 26 also leading from the stage 11 to the mixing stage 24.
  • a transfer line 28 leads from the mixing stage 24 to a heating stage 30, with a steam flow line 32 leading into the heating stage 30.
  • a transfer or flow line 34 leads from the mixing stage 30 to a press 36, while a transfer line 38 leads from the press 36 to a curing stage 40 in the form of a curing tunnel.
  • char is milled down in the stage 11 to a particle size less than 3 mm, ie so that its particles can pass through 3 mm diameter screen openings.
  • sorghum grains or kernels are milled down to 0.8 mm, ie so that they pass through 0.8 mm mesh or screen openings. Instead, they can be milled down to 0.5 mm if desired. If desired, they can be de-hulled first. Furthermore, the milled sorghum binder can, if desired, first be modified by subjecting it to heat treatment, ie cooking it, if in unmodified form. However, it can also be used in unmodified form.
  • the particulate sorghum binder passes along the transfer line 14 to the mixing stage 16, where it is admixed with sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate particles or powder.
  • the resultant premix passes along the transfer line 22 to the mixing stage 24 where it is admixed with the particulate solid carbonaceous material.
  • the constituents are present in the resultant mixture in the stage 24 in the following proportions by mass:
  • This mixture passes along the transfer line 28 to the heating stage 30 where it is heated by direct steam heating, with the steam heat entering along the flow line 32.
  • the mixture is heated to 70-72°C, and as a result of the direct steam heating then has a moisture content of about 20%.
  • the moist mix passes along the transfer line 34 to the press 36, where it is pressed into briquettes having a maximum dimension of about 2 to 20 cm, at a pressure of 0.5 to 10 tonnes, depending on the size of the briquettes, to form green briquettes.
  • the green briquettes pass along the transfer line 38 to the curing tunnel 40 which is provided with suitable heating means (not shown) for heating the briquettes to 150°C, thereby to cure them.
  • briquette mix can be added from 1-50% by mass (based on binder) LUDOX HS-30 as waterproofing agent and/or from 20-75% by mass fines.
  • the sodium hydroxide acts in stabilizing the briquettes so that they do not readily disintegrate at the high temperatures required in iron and steel reduction processes at least for an initial period of time.
  • the sodium nitrate acts in ensuring a better distribution of heat within the briquettes, thereby controlling the rate of burning of the briquettes and ensuring that they have a longer life.
  • the briquettes can also be used for domestic purposes.
  • reference numeral 100 generally indicates the steps in a method of forming briquettes in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
  • reference numeral 11 again indicates a coke preparation and mixing stage, with a fines feed line 102 leading into it.
  • Reference numeral 12 again indicates a binder preparation and mixing stage, with a colloidal silica feed line 104 leading into it.
  • a transfer line 14 interconnects the stage 12 with a mixing stage 16, with a sodium hydroxide feed line 18 leading into the mixing stage 16.
  • a transfer line 22 leads from the mixing stage 16 to a further mixing stage 24, with a transfer line 26 also leading from the stage 11 to the mixing stage 24; a transfer line 28 leads from the mixing stage 24 to a heating stage 30, with a steam flow line 32 leading into the heating stage 30; a transfer or flow line 34 leads from the mixing stage 30 to a press 36, while a transfer line 38 leads from the press 36 to a curing stage 40 in the form of a curing tunnel.
  • coke is milled down in the stage 11 to have a particle size less than 3 mm, and admixed with fines to form a first premix.
  • sorghum grains or kernels are milled down to 0.5 mm, and admixed with "LUDOX HS-30" (registered trade mark), which is an aqueous colloidal dispersion of silica particles available in South Africa from Chempro (Proprietary) Limited (ex. Du Pont Co.).
  • the sorghum grains or kernels can be de-hulled first.
  • the binder / "LUDOX HS-30" mix passes along the transfer line 14 to the mixing stage 16, where it is admixed with sodium hydroxide particles or powder.
  • the resultant second premix passes along the transfer line 22 to the mixing stage 24 where it is admixed with the first premix.
  • the constituents are present in the resultant mixture in the stage 24 in the following proportions, by mass:
  • This mixture passes along the transfer line 28 to the heating stage 30 where it is heated by direct steam heating, with the steam heat entering along the flow line 32.
  • the mixture is heated to 70-72°C, and as a result of the direct steam heating then has a moisture content of about 20%.
  • the moist mix passes along the transfer line 34 to the press 36, where it is pressed into briquettes having a maximum dimension of about 2 to 20 cm, at a pressure of 0.5 to 10 tonnes, depending on the size of the briquettes, to form green briquettes.
  • the green briquettes pass along the transfer line 38 to the curing tunnel 40 which is provided with suitable heating means (not shown) for heating the briquettes to 150°C, thereby to cure them.
  • the above Example was repeated successfully, firstly replacing the chromite fines only by magnesia fines, and secondly replacing both the chromite fines and the limestone fines by ferrosilicon fines.
  • the limestone fines and quartz fines can be omitted if desired.
  • the LUDOX HS-30 can be omitted if desired.
  • all the fines can be omitted for particular applications.
  • the briquettes according to the invention will find particular application in iron and steel making, where the product can act as a composite feed to a submerged arc furnace.
  • the fines are readily available in South Africa as a waste product thereby reducing the manufacturing costs of the briquettes as well as reduction process processing costs when the briquettes are used in reduction processes.
  • the briquettes also provide an effective manner of introducing additives required for the reduction process, eg chrome required to be added to iron in steelmaking, to the furnace.
  • colloidal silica provides briquettes with sufficient waterproofing properties to permit the briquettes to be stored outside.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
EP91308768A 1990-09-27 1991-09-26 Briketts Withdrawn EP0479487A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA907741 1990-09-27
ZA907741 1990-09-27
ZA913288 1991-04-30
ZA913288 1991-04-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0479487A1 true EP0479487A1 (de) 1992-04-08

Family

ID=27141466

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91308768A Withdrawn EP0479487A1 (de) 1990-09-27 1991-09-26 Briketts

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0479487A1 (de)
AU (1) AU637260B2 (de)
ZW (1) ZW13491A1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006037304A1 (de) * 2004-10-04 2006-04-13 Gesellschaft Für Innovative Beteiligungen Mbh (Gfib) Verfahren zum nasspelletieren von kohlenstoffstaub zu pellets
CN100386417C (zh) * 2005-11-18 2008-05-07 吴世苏 焦碳粉挤合成型的生产方法
CN100392112C (zh) * 2005-12-27 2008-06-04 天津新技术产业园区津良科技有限公司 造渣增碳球及其制造方法
US20110099887A1 (en) * 2009-09-11 2011-05-05 Phoebe Stinson Charcoal Briquettes and Methods of Forming Thereof
DE102011119974A1 (de) * 2011-12-02 2013-06-06 Rwe Power Ag Brikett
WO2021119671A1 (en) * 2019-12-09 2021-06-17 Carbonxt, Inc. Water-resistant and high strength carbon products

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR766252A (fr) * 1933-01-02 1934-06-25 Procédé pour la production des briquettes combustibles
US2876084A (en) * 1954-10-18 1959-03-03 Leggin Alexander Fuel composition
GB877558A (en) * 1959-09-29 1961-09-13 Southern Wharves Ltd Improved binder for the production of coal briquettes
GB1221735A (en) * 1968-03-15 1971-02-10 Gewerk Sophia Jakoba Increasing the fire stability and improving the surface of coal briquettes

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR766252A (fr) * 1933-01-02 1934-06-25 Procédé pour la production des briquettes combustibles
US2876084A (en) * 1954-10-18 1959-03-03 Leggin Alexander Fuel composition
GB877558A (en) * 1959-09-29 1961-09-13 Southern Wharves Ltd Improved binder for the production of coal briquettes
GB1221735A (en) * 1968-03-15 1971-02-10 Gewerk Sophia Jakoba Increasing the fire stability and improving the surface of coal briquettes

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006037304A1 (de) * 2004-10-04 2006-04-13 Gesellschaft Für Innovative Beteiligungen Mbh (Gfib) Verfahren zum nasspelletieren von kohlenstoffstaub zu pellets
CN100386417C (zh) * 2005-11-18 2008-05-07 吴世苏 焦碳粉挤合成型的生产方法
CN100392112C (zh) * 2005-12-27 2008-06-04 天津新技术产业园区津良科技有限公司 造渣增碳球及其制造方法
US20110099887A1 (en) * 2009-09-11 2011-05-05 Phoebe Stinson Charcoal Briquettes and Methods of Forming Thereof
US9279091B2 (en) * 2009-09-11 2016-03-08 The Clorox Company Charcoal briquettes and methods of forming thereof
DE102011119974A1 (de) * 2011-12-02 2013-06-06 Rwe Power Ag Brikett
WO2021119671A1 (en) * 2019-12-09 2021-06-17 Carbonxt, Inc. Water-resistant and high strength carbon products
US11603315B2 (en) 2019-12-09 2023-03-14 Carbonxt, Inc. Water-resistant and high strength carbon products

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZW13491A1 (en) 1991-12-25
AU8480591A (en) 1992-04-02
AU637260B2 (en) 1993-05-20

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