EP0479012B1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0479012B1
EP0479012B1 EP91115619A EP91115619A EP0479012B1 EP 0479012 B1 EP0479012 B1 EP 0479012B1 EP 91115619 A EP91115619 A EP 91115619A EP 91115619 A EP91115619 A EP 91115619A EP 0479012 B1 EP0479012 B1 EP 0479012B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flat tubes
heat exchanger
corrugated fin
running
fin elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91115619A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0479012A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Kreutzer
Werner Vinnay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0479012A1 publication Critical patent/EP0479012A1/en
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Publication of EP0479012B1 publication Critical patent/EP0479012B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0131Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/126Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00Reinforcing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2240/00Spacing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular a water / air cooler for internal combustion engines, with a plurality of flat tubes which are arranged next to one another in at least one row and are sealed at both ends in tube sheets, and with corrugated fin elements running between the adjacent flat tubes and ending at a distance from the tube sheets and leave a gap there.
  • heat exchangers of the type mentioned provide (DE-GM 86 30 847) to allow the fins of a fin block to end at a distance from the tube sheets, so that a gap is formed between these ends of the fin elements and the tube sheets, through which a gap is formed just extend the pipes.
  • the seams between the tubes and the tube sheets remain more easily accessible, so that an attachment of an additional seal in the area of the tube sheets is possible even after the radiator has been soldered. Leaving this column open not only makes it possible to attach a seal, but also simplifies any need to remedy a leak in the area of the tube / tube sheet connections that may become necessary later.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a heat exchanger of the type mentioned in a simple manner so that the overpressure loads occurring through the use of flat tubes and corrugated fin elements are eliminated reliably and trouble-free.
  • the object is achieved for a heat exchanger of the type mentioned in that in the gap between the ends of the corrugated fin elements and the tube sheets an expansion of the flat tubes preventing support means are provided, which are designed as spacers running approximately parallel to the tube sheets, between the Side walls of adjacent flat tubes run. It has been shown that this configuration effectively prevents expansion of the flat tubes caused by high excess pressure. This measure, which involves little effort, is sufficient to keep the heat exchanger functional even at an overpressure of approx. 4 bar, without the corrugated fin elements buckling due to an expansion of the flat tubes or peeling off the side walls of the flat tubes by loosening the hard or soft solder connection or leaks occur. It is not necessary to use materials other than the usual materials and wall thicknesses for the flat tubes. This configuration is particularly advantageous when there is only a small number of corrugated fins between the flat tubes. It is known that today, for reasons of skill, a larger number of corrugated fins is used than would be required for the heat transfer performance.
  • the spacers secure the distance between the side walls of adjacent flat tubes in this area, so that the expansion of the flat tubes caused by an overpressure load is largely prevented.
  • the spacers can rest against the side walls in the unloaded state of the flat tubes or can be arranged with little play. The latter allows a certain widening of the flat tubes, but this cannot lead to an impairment of the cooler structure.
  • the spacers are formed as teeth of support combs which are arranged essentially parallel to the tube sheets at the ends of the corrugated fin elements.
  • This configuration has the advantage that the support means can also be retrofitted, i.e. after the completion of an unsupported heat exchanger, or existing, unsupported heat exchangers can be easily retrofitted with these support means.
  • Such support combs can be inserted from both sides between the flat tubes.
  • spacers are provided in the form of intermediate floors, which are each arranged parallel to the tube sheets at the ends of the corrugated fin elements.
  • the intermediate floors can expediently have a shape corresponding to the tube sheets and can thus be manufactured in the operation already provided for the tube sheets.
  • a water / air cooler (1a) shown in Fig. 1 has two opposite water boxes (2, 3), each having an opening (4, 5) for water supply and drainage. Between the water boxes (2, 3), flat tubes (6) are arranged side by side in a row, the larger side surfaces of the adjacent flat tubes running parallel to one another. In Fig. 1 only the narrow end face of the flat tubes (6) pointing in the direction of flow can be seen.
  • the tube sheets (7, 8) enclosed by the water boxes (2, 3) have suitable openings in a known manner for the passage of the flat tubes (6). They are folded over at the ends and firmly attached to the adjacent side walls of the water tanks (2, 3).
  • Corrugated fin elements (9) are inserted between the larger side walls of adjacent flat tubes (6) and adjoin intermediate floors (14, 15) at both end regions, as shown in FIG. 2. Between these intermediate floors (14, 15) and the adjacent tube sheets (7, 8) there is a gap (12, 13).
  • the corrugated fin elements (9) are each soldered to the side walls of the flat tubes (6) and are used primarily for heat transport between the fluid flowing through the flat tubes (6) and the air flowing between the flat tubes (6). In addition, the corrugated fin elements (9) also have a certain stiffening function.
  • the side closure of the water / air cooler (1a) forms a side limiting part (10, 11) with high bending strength.
  • the water / air cooler (1a) is usually assembled by placing the flat tubes in the openings in the tube sheets (7, 8) and the corrugated fin elements (9) are inserted between the flat tubes (6).
  • the flat tubes (6) are then fixed to the tube sheets (7, 8) and the corrugated fin elements (9) to the side walls of the flat tubes (6) by means of a brazing process.
  • a seal is then assigned to the tube sheets.
  • the area of the tube sheets (7, 8) should therefore be accessible without major difficulties after the brazing process, which is why the corrugated fin elements (9) end at a distance from the tube sheets (7, 8) and each leave the gap (12, 13) there.
  • the intermediate floors (14, 15), the shape of which can be seen in FIG. 2, are therefore inserted as support means in the region of the ends of the corrugated fin elements (9). They essentially have the shape of a rail, in which parallel, slot-like openings (20) are arranged, the shape of which corresponds to the cross section of the flat tubes (6) and are guided through the latter.
  • the shape of the intermediate plates (14, 15) therefore corresponds essentially to that of the tube plates (7, 8), so that the intermediate plates (14, 15) can preferably be produced by the same working process as the tube plates (7, 8).
  • the intermediate floors (14, 15) are attached to the ends of the corrugated fin elements (9) and in each case delimit the gaps (12, 13) running parallel to the facing tube floor (7, 8).
  • the areas (21) between the openings (20) form spacers, which are the distance between mutually facing side walls Limit adjacent flat tubes to a certain value and thereby prevent the flat tubes (6) from widening too much under high excess pressure.
  • a support comb (30) shown in FIG. 3 serves as such a support means, which in the area of the gaps (12, 13) at the ends of the corrugated fin elements (9) is attached.
  • this water / air cooler (1b) corresponds in structure to that of the water / air cooler (1a) shown in FIG. 4 shows the inclusion of the flat tubes (6) in the tube sheet (7). While the side of the water / air cooler (1b) is shown in FIG. 4, along which the end face (33) of the supporting comb (30) runs, FIG. 5 shows a section of the opposite side of this water / air cooler (1b).
  • FIG. 5 therefore shows the individual teeth (31) of the supporting comb (30) which run between the side walls of adjacent flat tubes (6) and which can also be rounded at their free ends, which is not shown in the drawing. Such a rounding of the free ends facilitates the insertion of the comb and prevents damage to the pipes.
  • the gaps (32) between the teeth (31) of the support comb (30) of FIG. 3 correspond in their width approximately to the distance between adjacent flat tube outer walls.
  • the support combs (30) located at both ends of the corrugated fin elements (9) are each inserted with a press fit not to be soldered.
  • the width of the openings (32) somewhat larger than the outer distance of the side walls of a flat tube (6) and to fix the support combs (30) in a different way, in order thereby to widen the flat tubes within one to allow the width of the openings (32) of a certain area.
  • the teeth (31) in turn serve according to the areas (21) of the intermediate floors (14, 15) as spacers between mutually facing side walls (6a, 6b) of adjacent flat tubes.
  • support combs (30) as a support means has the further advantage that this can also take place after the assembled flat tubes (6) and the tube sheets (7, 8) have been soldered.
  • the side parts (10, 11) are shaped in a C-shape, the base side (72) running parallel to the flat tube side walls and adjoining the outermost corrugated fin element in such a way that the two legs (70, 71) each point outwards.
  • the ends of the legs (70, 71) are folded over again at right angles and thus run approximately parallel to the base side (72). It turns out that this bending of the ends of the legs (70, 71), which can be done with little effort, has a very positive effect with regard to a further increase in the pressure resistance for such heat exchangers.
  • the arrangement of the support means in the region of the ends of the corrugated fin elements (9) ending at a distance from the tube sheets (7, 8) being important, without the flat tubes (6) extending their length over a larger section additionally need to be reinforced or stiffened on the inside or outside wall, whereby the heat exchanger can nevertheless withstand pressure loads of over 4 bar.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher, insbesondere einen Wasser/Luft-Kühler für Brennkraftmaschinen, mit mehreren, in wenigstens einer Reihe nebeneinander angeordneten und mit beiden Enden in Rohrböden abgedichtet gehaltenen Flachrohren sowie mit zwischen den benachbarten Flachrohren verlaufenden Wellrippenelementen, die mit Abstand zu den Rohrböden enden und dort einen Spalt belassen.The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular a water / air cooler for internal combustion engines, with a plurality of flat tubes which are arranged next to one another in at least one row and are sealed at both ends in tube sheets, and with corrugated fin elements running between the adjacent flat tubes and ending at a distance from the tube sheets and leave a gap there.

Um die Abdichtung der Flachrohre gegenüber den Rohrböden zu gewährleisten, ist aus der DE-OS 26 24 879 bekannt, die Rohrböden mit elastischen Kragendichtungen auszustatten und jeweils auf die Enden der mit den Seitenwänden benachbarter Rohre verlöteten Wellrippenelemente Abschlußplatten aufzusetzen, an denen Dichtlippen der Kragendichtungen zur Anlage kommen können. Im Gegensatz zu Wärmetauschern der eingangs genannten Art erstrekken sich die Wellrippenelemente bei dieser Bauart jeweils bis an die Rohrböden bzw.deren Abdichtung heran, ohne einen Abstand zu belassen.In order to ensure the sealing of the flat tubes with respect to the tube sheets, it is known from DE-OS 26 24 879 to equip the tube sheets with elastic collar seals and to place end plates on the ends of the corrugated fin elements soldered to the side walls of adjacent tubes, on which sealing lips of the collar seals are used Plant can come. In contrast to heat exchangers of the type mentioned at the outset, the corrugated fin elements in this type each extend up to to the tube sheets or their seals without leaving a gap.

Wärmetauscher der eingangs genannten Art dagegen sehen vor (DE-GM 86 30 847), die Rippen eines Rippenblockes mit Abstand zu den Rohrböden enden zu lassen, so daß sich zwischen diesen Enden der Rippenelemente und den Rohrböden jeweils ein Spalt bildet, durch den hindurch sich lediglich die Rohre erstrecken. Dadurch bleiben die Nahtstellen zwischen den Rohren und den Rohrböden leichter zugänglich, so daß auch noch nach der Verlötung des Kühlers das Anbringen einer zusätzlichen Dichtung im Bereich der Rohrböden möglich ist. Das Freilassen dieser Spalte macht nicht nur das Anbringen einer Dichtung möglich, sondern vereinfacht auch eine eventuell später notwendig werdende Behebung einer Undichtigkeit im Bereich der Rohr/Rohrböden-Verbindungen.On the other hand, heat exchangers of the type mentioned provide (DE-GM 86 30 847) to allow the fins of a fin block to end at a distance from the tube sheets, so that a gap is formed between these ends of the fin elements and the tube sheets, through which a gap is formed just extend the pipes. As a result, the seams between the tubes and the tube sheets remain more easily accessible, so that an attachment of an additional seal in the area of the tube sheets is possible even after the radiator has been soldered. Leaving this column open not only makes it possible to attach a seal, but also simplifies any need to remedy a leak in the area of the tube / tube sheet connections that may become necessary later.

Bei Verwendung von Flachrohren können unter Einwirkung einer für bestimmte Anwendungsfälle erforderlichen, erhöhten Belastung, z.B. hohe Drücke im Kühlmittelkreislauf und/oder eine hohe Anzahl von Innendruckwechseln, bei einem solchen Wärmetauscher Stabilitäts- und/oder Dichtigkeitsprobleme auftreten, insbesondere wenn anstelle eines lamellenartig aufgebauten Rippenblockes einzelne Wellrippenelemente zwischen den Flachrohren vorgesehen sind, die sich im wesentlichen parallel zu den Flachrohren erstrecken. Eine Erhöhung der Materialstärke der einzelnen Bauteile ist schon aus Gewichtsgründen für bestimmte Anwendungsfälle unzweckmäßig, wobei noch zu berücksichtigen ist, daß die erforderliche Wärmeleitungsfunktion auch die Auswahl des Materials stark einschränkt. Üblicherweise bestehen die dünnwandigen Flachrohre aus Aluminium oder einem Buntmetall.When using flat tubes, under the influence of an increased load required for certain applications, e.g. high pressures in the coolant circuit and / or a high number of internal pressure changes, stability and / or tightness problems occur with such a heat exchanger, in particular if instead of a fin block constructed in the manner of a lamellae, individual corrugated fin elements are provided between the flat tubes and extend essentially parallel to the flat tubes. An increase in the material thickness of the individual components is unsuitable for certain applications, for reasons of weight alone, although it must also be taken into account that the required heat conduction function also severely limits the selection of the material. The thin-walled flat tubes are usually made of aluminum or a non-ferrous metal.

Es ist deshalb auch schon bekannt geworden (US-A 4 645 000), die Wellrippen zwischen Flachrohren in ihrem Endbereich zu stauchen, um eine stabilere Abstützung zu erreichen und das Aufweiten der Rohre zu verhindern. Werden dabei die gestauchten Wellrippen bis in den Bereich der Rohrböden geführt, dann bringt dies zwar in diesem Endbereich die gewünschte Abstützung, im Gegensatz zu Wärmetauschern der eingangs genannten Art sind jedoch bei einer solchen Bauart die Nahtstellen zwischen den Rohren und den Rohrböden nicht mehr zugängig, so daß weder eine zusätzliche Dichtung angebracht werden kann, noch später eventuell eine Undichtigkeit beseitigt werden kann.It has therefore also become known (US Pat. No. 4,645,000) to compress the corrugated fins between flat tubes in their end region in order to achieve a more stable support and to prevent the tubes from expanding. Are the upset Corrugated fins in the area of the tube sheets, then this brings the desired support in this end area, in contrast to heat exchangers of the type mentioned, the seams between the tubes and the tube sheets are no longer accessible with such a design, so that neither additional seal can be attached, a leak can still be eliminated later.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Wärmetauscher der eingangs genannten Art in einfacher Weise so weiterzubilden, daß die durch die Verwendung von Flachrohren und Wellrippenelementen auftretenden Überdruckbelastungen zuverlässig und störungsfrei behoben werden.The invention has for its object to develop a heat exchanger of the type mentioned in a simple manner so that the overpressure loads occurring through the use of flat tubes and corrugated fin elements are eliminated reliably and trouble-free.

Die Aufgabe wird für einen Wärmetauscher der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß in dem Spalt zwischen den Enden der Wellrippenelemente und den Rohrböden eine Aufweitung der Flachrohre hindernde Abstützmittel vorgesehen sind, die als in etwa zu den Rohrböden parallel verlaufende Abstandshalter ausgebildet sind, die zwischen den Seitenwänden benachbarter Flachrohre verlaufen. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß durch diese Ausgestaltung eine durch hohe Uberdruckbelastung verursachte Aufweitung der Flachrohre effektiv unterbunden wird. Diese mit nur geringem Aufwand verbundene Maßnahme reicht aus, um den Wärmetauscher auch bei einem überdruck von ca. 4 bar noch funktionsfähig zu halten, ohne daß die Wellrippenelemente aufgrund einer Aufweitung der Flachrohre einknicken oder sich unter Lösen der Hartoder Weichlotverbindung von den Seitenwänden der Flachrohre abschälen oder gar Undichtigkeiten auftreten. Dabei ist es nicht nötig, daß andere als die üblichen Materialien und Wandstärken für die Flachrohre verwendet werden. Diese Ausgestaltung ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn nur eine geringe Wellrippenzahl zwischen den Flachrohren vorliegt. Bekanntlich verwendet man heute aus Gründen der Fertigkeit eine größere Wellrippenzahl, als dies für die Wärmeübertragungsleistung erforderlich wäre.The object is achieved for a heat exchanger of the type mentioned in that in the gap between the ends of the corrugated fin elements and the tube sheets an expansion of the flat tubes preventing support means are provided, which are designed as spacers running approximately parallel to the tube sheets, between the Side walls of adjacent flat tubes run. It has been shown that this configuration effectively prevents expansion of the flat tubes caused by high excess pressure. This measure, which involves little effort, is sufficient to keep the heat exchanger functional even at an overpressure of approx. 4 bar, without the corrugated fin elements buckling due to an expansion of the flat tubes or peeling off the side walls of the flat tubes by loosening the hard or soft solder connection or leaks occur. It is not necessary to use materials other than the usual materials and wall thicknesses for the flat tubes. This configuration is particularly advantageous when there is only a small number of corrugated fins between the flat tubes. It is known that today, for reasons of skill, a larger number of corrugated fins is used than would be required for the heat transfer performance.

Die Abstandshalter sichern den Abstand der Seitenwände benachbarter Flachrohre in diesem Bereich, so daß die von einer Uberdruckbelastung verursachte Aufweitung der Flachrohre weitgehend verhindert wird. Die Abstandshalter können im nicht belasteten Zustand der Flachrohre an den Seitenwänden anliegen oder aber mit einem geringen Spiel angeordnet sein. Letzteres läßt eine bestimmte Aufweitung der Flachrohre zu, die aber nicht zu einer Beeinträchtigung des Kühleraufbaues führen kann.The spacers secure the distance between the side walls of adjacent flat tubes in this area, so that the expansion of the flat tubes caused by an overpressure load is largely prevented. The spacers can rest against the side walls in the unloaded state of the flat tubes or can be arranged with little play. The latter allows a certain widening of the flat tubes, but this cannot lead to an impairment of the cooler structure.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Abstandshalter als Zähne von Abstützkämmen gebildet, die im wesentlichen parallel zu den Rohrböden an den Enden der Wellrippenelemente angeordnet sind. Diese Ausgestaltung hat den Vorteil, daß die Abstützmittel auch noch nachträglich, d.h.nach Fertigstellung eines nicht abgestützten Wärmetauschers, angebracht oder aber bereits vorhandene, nicht abgestützte Wärmetauscher mit diesen Abstützmitteln auf einfache Weise nachgerüstet werden können. Dabei können solche Abstützkämme von beiden Seiten zwischen die Flachrohre eingeschoben werden.In an embodiment of the invention, the spacers are formed as teeth of support combs which are arranged essentially parallel to the tube sheets at the ends of the corrugated fin elements. This configuration has the advantage that the support means can also be retrofitted, i.e. after the completion of an unsupported heat exchanger, or existing, unsupported heat exchangers can be easily retrofitted with these support means. Such support combs can be inserted from both sides between the flat tubes.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind Abstandshalter in Form von Zwischenböden vorgesehen, die jeweils parallel zu den Rohrböden an den Enden der Wellrippenelemente angeordnet sind. Die Zwischenböden können dabei zweckmäßigerweise eine den Rohrböden entsprechende Gestalt aufweisen und dadurch in dem bereits für die Rohrböden vorgesehenen Arbeitsgang gefertigt werden.In a further embodiment of the invention, spacers are provided in the form of intermediate floors, which are each arranged parallel to the tube sheets at the ends of the corrugated fin elements. The intermediate floors can expediently have a shape corresponding to the tube sheets and can thus be manufactured in the operation already provided for the tube sheets.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind zur zusätzlichen Abstützung des Wärmetauschers gegen eine Aufweitung der Flachrohre mit ihren Schenkeln nach außen weisende Seitenbegrenzungsteile vorgesehen, deren Schmalseiten C-förmig abgekantet sind. Diese Gestaltung der Seitenbegrenzungsteile unterstützt vorteilhaft unter Bildung eines viereckigen Rahmens zusammen mit den Rohrböden noch weiter die eine Aufweitung der Flachrohre behindernde Wirkung der Abstützmittel in den Endbereichen der Wellrippenelemente. Dies vor allem deshalb, weil die Seitenbegrenzungsteile durch die C-förmige Abkantung höhere Querkräfte aufnehmen können als beispielsweise plane oder im Querschnitt U-förmige Seitenbegrenzungsteile.In a further development of the invention are provided for additional support of the heat exchanger against an expansion of the flat tubes with their legs outwardly facing side boundary parts, the narrow sides of which are bent in a C-shape. This design of the side boundary parts advantageously further supports the formation of a square frame together with the tube sheets, which prevents the expansion of the flat tubes by the support means in the end regions of the corrugated fin elements. This is mainly because the side delimitation parts can absorb higher transverse forces than the flat delimitation or, for example, U-shaped side delimitation parts in cross section.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden nachfolgend beschrieben.Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described below.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Wasser/Luft-Kühler für eine Brennkraftmaschine in einer Ansicht,
Fig. 2
einen als Abstandshalter dienenden Zwischenboden für den Wasser/Luft-Kühler der Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
einen alternativ zu dem Zwischenboden der Fig. 2 verwendbaren Abstützkamm,
Fig. 4
einen Teil eines Wasser/Luft-Kühlers, ausgerüstet mit dem Abstützkamm der Fig. 3, in einer perspektivischen Teilansicht,
Fig. 5
eine perspektivische Teilansicht eines Teils des Wasser/Luft-Kühlers der Fig. 4 von der gegenüberliegenden Seite her gesehen, und
Fig. 6
einen Querschnitt durch ein Seitenbegrenzungsteil des Wasser/Luft-Kühler der Fig. 1.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a water / air cooler for an internal combustion engine in a view,
Fig. 2
an intermediate base serving as a spacer for the water / air cooler of FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
a supporting comb that can be used as an alternative to the intermediate floor of FIG. 2,
Fig. 4
part of a water / air cooler, equipped with the support comb of FIG. 3, in a perspective partial view,
Fig. 5
a perspective partial view of part of the water / air cooler of FIG. 4 seen from the opposite side, and
Fig. 6
2 shows a cross section through a side delimitation part of the water / air cooler of FIG. 1.

Ein in Fig. 1 dargestellter Wasser/Luft-Kühler (1a) weist zwei gegenüberliegende Wasserkästen (2, 3) auf, die jeweils eine öffnung (4, 5) zur Wasserzuführung und Wasserabführung besitzen. Zwischen den Wasserkästen (2, 3) sind in einer Reihe Flachrohre (6) nebeneinander angeordnet, wobei die größeren Seitenflächen der benachbarten Flachrohre parallel zueinander verlaufen. In der Fig. 1 ist nur jeweils die in Anströmungsrichtung weisende, schmale Stirnseite der Flachrohre (6) zu erkennen. Die von den Wasserkästen (2, 3) umfaßten Rohrböden (7, 8) weisen in bekannter Weise passende öffnungen zur Durchführung der Flachrohre (6) auf. Sie sind an den Enden jeweils umgefalzt und an angrenzende Seitenwandungen der Wasserkästen (2, 3) fest angebracht. Zwischen die größeren Seitenwände benachbarter Flachrohre (6) sind jeweils Wellrippenelemente (9) eingefügt, die an beiden Endbereichen an Zwischenböden (14, 15) angrenzen, wie sie in Fig. 2 gezeigt sind. Zwischen diesen Zwischenböden (14, 15) und den benachbarten Rohrböden (7, 8) verbleibt jeweils ein Spalt (12, 13).A water / air cooler (1a) shown in Fig. 1 has two opposite water boxes (2, 3), each having an opening (4, 5) for water supply and drainage. Between the water boxes (2, 3), flat tubes (6) are arranged side by side in a row, the larger side surfaces of the adjacent flat tubes running parallel to one another. In Fig. 1 only the narrow end face of the flat tubes (6) pointing in the direction of flow can be seen. The tube sheets (7, 8) enclosed by the water boxes (2, 3) have suitable openings in a known manner for the passage of the flat tubes (6). They are folded over at the ends and firmly attached to the adjacent side walls of the water tanks (2, 3). Corrugated fin elements (9) are inserted between the larger side walls of adjacent flat tubes (6) and adjoin intermediate floors (14, 15) at both end regions, as shown in FIG. 2. Between these intermediate floors (14, 15) and the adjacent tube sheets (7, 8) there is a gap (12, 13).

Die Wellrippenelemente (9) sind jeweils an die Seitenwände der Flachrohre (6) angelötet und dienen vor allem zum Wärmetransport zwischen dem durch die Flachrohre (6) fließenden Fluid und der zwischen den Flachrohren (6) hindurchströmenden Luft. Zusätzlich kommt den Wellrippenelementen (9) auch eine gewisse Versteifungsfunktion zu. Den seitlichen Abschluß des Wasser/ Luft-Kühlers (1a) bildet jeweils ein Seitenbegrenzungsteil (10, 11) mit hoher Biegefestigkeit.The corrugated fin elements (9) are each soldered to the side walls of the flat tubes (6) and are used primarily for heat transport between the fluid flowing through the flat tubes (6) and the air flowing between the flat tubes (6). In addition, the corrugated fin elements (9) also have a certain stiffening function. The side closure of the water / air cooler (1a) forms a side limiting part (10, 11) with high bending strength.

Der Zusammenbau des Wasser/Luft-Kühlers (1a) erfolgt üblicherweise dadurch, daß die Flachrohre in die öffnungen der Rohrböden (7, 8) eingesteckt und die Wellrippenelemente (9) zwischen die Flachrohre (6) eingefügt werden. Danach erfolgt die Fixierung der Flachrohre (6) an den Rohrböden (7, 8) und der Wellrippenelemente (9) an den Seitenwänden der Flachrohre (6) durch einen Hartlötvorgang. Um Dichtigkeitsproblemen vor allem im Bereich der Flachrohrdurchführungen durch die Rohrböden (7, 8) vorzubeugen, wird den Rohrböden anschließend eine Dichtung zugeordnet. Der Bereich der Rohrböden (7, 8) soll deshalb nach dem Hartlötvorgang noch ohne größere Schwierigkeiten zugänglich sein, weshalb die Wellrippenelemente (9) mit Abstand von den Rohrböden (7, 8) enden und dort jeweils den Spalt (12, 13) belassen.The water / air cooler (1a) is usually assembled by placing the flat tubes in the openings in the tube sheets (7, 8) and the corrugated fin elements (9) are inserted between the flat tubes (6). The flat tubes (6) are then fixed to the tube sheets (7, 8) and the corrugated fin elements (9) to the side walls of the flat tubes (6) by means of a brazing process. In order to prevent tightness problems, especially in the area of the flat tube bushings through the tube sheets (7, 8), a seal is then assigned to the tube sheets. The area of the tube sheets (7, 8) should therefore be accessible without major difficulties after the brazing process, which is why the corrugated fin elements (9) end at a distance from the tube sheets (7, 8) and each leave the gap (12, 13) there.

Bei sehr hohen Uberdrücken in den Flachrohren, wie er bei modernen Fahrzeugkühlern gewünscht wird, kann es zu starken Querkräften im Bereich der Enden der Wellrippenelemente (9) kommen, die zu einer Aufweitung der dünnwandigen Flachrohrseitenwände im Bereich der Spalte (12, 13) führen kann, weil sie nicht von zwischen den Seitenwänden verlaufenden Wellrippenelementen verhindert wird. Als Abstützmittel sind deshalb im Bereich der Enden der Wellrippenelemente (9) jeweils die Zwischenböden (14, 15) eingefügt, deren Form aus Fig. 2 zu ersehen ist. Sie besitzen im wesentlichen die Gestalt einer Schiene, in der parallele, schlitzartige öffnungen (20) angeordnet sind, deren Form dem Querschnitt der Flachrohre (6) entspricht und durch die letztere hindurchgeführt sind. Die Gestalt der Zwischenböden (14, 15) entspricht daher im wesentlichen derjenigen der Rohrböden (7, 8), so daß die Zwischenböden (14, 15) vorzugsweise durch denselben Arbeitsprozeß wie die Rohrböden (7, 8) hergestellt werden können. Die Zwischenböden (14, 15) sind an die Enden der Wellrippenelemente (9) angefügt und begrenzen jeweils parallel zu dem zugewandten Rohrboden (7, 8) verlaufend mit diesen die Spalte (12, 13).At very high overpressures in the flat tubes, as is desired in modern vehicle radiators, strong transverse forces can occur in the area of the ends of the corrugated fin elements (9), which can lead to an expansion of the thin-walled flat tube side walls in the area of the gaps (12, 13) because it is not prevented by corrugated fin elements running between the side walls. The intermediate floors (14, 15), the shape of which can be seen in FIG. 2, are therefore inserted as support means in the region of the ends of the corrugated fin elements (9). They essentially have the shape of a rail, in which parallel, slot-like openings (20) are arranged, the shape of which corresponds to the cross section of the flat tubes (6) and are guided through the latter. The shape of the intermediate plates (14, 15) therefore corresponds essentially to that of the tube plates (7, 8), so that the intermediate plates (14, 15) can preferably be produced by the same working process as the tube plates (7, 8). The intermediate floors (14, 15) are attached to the ends of the corrugated fin elements (9) and in each case delimit the gaps (12, 13) running parallel to the facing tube floor (7, 8).

Die Bereiche (21) zwischen den öffnungen (20) bilden Abstandshalter, die den Abstand zwischen einander zugewandten Seitenwänden benachbarter Flachrohre auf einen bestimmten Wert begrenzen und dadurch eine zu starke Aufweitung der Flachrohre (6) bei hoher Uberdruckbelastung unterbinden.The areas (21) between the openings (20) form spacers, which are the distance between mutually facing side walls Limit adjacent flat tubes to a certain value and thereby prevent the flat tubes (6) from widening too much under high excess pressure.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die Anordnung zusätzlicher Abstützmittel im Bereich der Enden der Wellrippenelemente (9) im Hinblick auf eine möglichst hohe Uberdruckfestigkeit sehr effektiv ist. Die in einfacher Weise mögliche Ausrüstung mit Abstützmitteln, hier mit den Zwischenböden (14, 15), im Bereich der Enden der Wellrippenelemente (9) macht Druckbelastungen im Kühler von über 4 bar möglich, ehe durch die Aufweitung der Flachrohre funktionsbeeinträchtigende Schäden, wie Undichtigkeiten oder das Ablösen der Hartlotverbindungen auftreten.It has been shown that the arrangement of additional support means in the area of the ends of the corrugated fin elements (9) is very effective in terms of the highest possible overpressure resistance. The easy way to equip with support means, here with the intermediate floors (14, 15), in the area of the ends of the corrugated fin elements (9) makes pressure loads in the cooler of over 4 bar possible before the expansion of the flat tubes damages the function, such as leaks or detachment of the braze joints occurs.

Bei einer weiteren, in Fig. 4 gezeigten Ausführungsform eines Wasser/Luft-Kühlers (1b) dient ein in Fig. 3 dargestellter Abstützkamm (30) als ein solches Abstützmittel, das im Bereich der Spalte (12, 13) an die Enden der Wellrippenelemente (9) angefügt ist. Im übrigen entspricht dieser Wasser/Luft-Kühler (1b) in seinem Aufbau demjenigen des in Fig.1 gezeigten Wasser/ Luft-Kühlers (1a). In der Schrägansicht der Fig. 4 ist die Aufnahme der Flachrohre (6) in den Rohrboden (7) zu erkennen. Während in Fig.4 die Seite des Wasser/Luft-Kühlers (1b) gezeigt ist, entlang der die Stirnseite (33) des Abstützkamms (30) verläuft, zeigt Fig. 5 einen Ausschnitt von.der gegenüberliegenden Seite dieses Wasser/Luft-Kühlers (1b). In Fig. 5 sind daher die einzelnen, zwischen den Seitenwänden benachbarter Flachrohre (6) verlaufenden Zähne (31) des Abstützkammes (30) zu erkennen, die an ihren freien Enden auch abgerundet sein können, was zeichnerisch nicht dargestellt ist. Eine solche Abrundung der freien Enden erleichtert das Einführen des Kammes und verhindert eine Beschädigung der Rohre. Die Spalte (32) zwischen den Zähnen (31) des Abstützkammes (30) der Fig. 3 entsprechen in ihrer Weite in etwa dem Abstand benachbarter Flachrohraußenwände. Die an beiden Enden der Wellrippenelemente (9) befindlichen Abstützkämme (30) sind jeweils mit Preßsitz eingefügt.Sie brauchen nicht verlötet zu werden. Bei Bedarf kann natürlich auch vorgesehen werden, die Weite der Öffnungen (32) etwas größer als den Außenabstand der Seitenwände eines Flachrohres (6) zu wählen und die Abstützkämme (30) in anderer Weise zu fixieren, um dadurch eine Aufweitung der Flachrohre innerhalb eines durch die Weite der Öffnungen (32) bestimmten Bereiches noch zu erlauben. Die Zähne (31) dienen hierbei wiederum entsprechend den Bereichen (21) der Zwischenböden (14, 15) als Abstandshalter zwischen einander zugewandten Seitenwänden (6a, 6b) benachbarter Flachrohre. Die Verwendung von Abstützkämmen (30) als Abstützmittel hat den weiteren Vorteil, daß diese auch noch nach dem Verlöten der zusammengesetzten Flachrohre (6) und der Rohrböden (7, 8) erfolgen kann. Auch bereits vorhandene Wärmetauscher können in einfacher Weise mit den Abstützkämmen (30) nachgerüstet und so für höhere Druckbelastungen verwendbar gemacht werden. Dabei ist es auch möglich, zwei Abstützkämme in beiden Spalten (12, 13) vorzusehen, wobei deren Zinken von den entgegengesetzten Seiten des Kühlers in die Zwischenräume zwischen den Flachrohren eingeschoben werden können.In a further embodiment of a water / air cooler (1b) shown in FIG. 4, a support comb (30) shown in FIG. 3 serves as such a support means, which in the area of the gaps (12, 13) at the ends of the corrugated fin elements (9) is attached. Otherwise, this water / air cooler (1b) corresponds in structure to that of the water / air cooler (1a) shown in FIG. 4 shows the inclusion of the flat tubes (6) in the tube sheet (7). While the side of the water / air cooler (1b) is shown in FIG. 4, along which the end face (33) of the supporting comb (30) runs, FIG. 5 shows a section of the opposite side of this water / air cooler (1b). 5 therefore shows the individual teeth (31) of the supporting comb (30) which run between the side walls of adjacent flat tubes (6) and which can also be rounded at their free ends, which is not shown in the drawing. Such a rounding of the free ends facilitates the insertion of the comb and prevents damage to the pipes. The gaps (32) between the teeth (31) of the support comb (30) of FIG. 3 correspond in their width approximately to the distance between adjacent flat tube outer walls. The support combs (30) located at both ends of the corrugated fin elements (9) are each inserted with a press fit not to be soldered. If necessary, it can of course also be provided to choose the width of the openings (32) somewhat larger than the outer distance of the side walls of a flat tube (6) and to fix the support combs (30) in a different way, in order thereby to widen the flat tubes within one to allow the width of the openings (32) of a certain area. The teeth (31) in turn serve according to the areas (21) of the intermediate floors (14, 15) as spacers between mutually facing side walls (6a, 6b) of adjacent flat tubes. The use of support combs (30) as a support means has the further advantage that this can also take place after the assembled flat tubes (6) and the tube sheets (7, 8) have been soldered. Existing heat exchangers can also be easily retrofitted with the support combs (30) and thus made usable for higher pressure loads. It is also possible to provide two support combs in both columns (12, 13), the tines of which can be inserted from the opposite sides of the cooler into the spaces between the flat tubes.

Während, wie oben ausgeführt, der Anordnung von Abstützmitteln in den Endbereichen der Wellrippenelemente (9) die größte Bedeutung zur Erhöhung der Belastungsfestigkeit der Wärmetauscher zukommt, kann die Versteifungswirkung durch einfache zusatzmaßnahmen noch weiter vorteilhaft unterstützt werden.While, as explained above, the arrangement of support means in the end regions of the corrugated fin elements (9) is of the greatest importance for increasing the load resistance of the heat exchangers, the stiffening effect can be further advantageously supported by simple additional measures.

Eine Möglichkeit bietet eine spezielle Formung der Seitenbegrenzungsteile (10, 11), die für das Seitenteil (10) in Fig. 6 im Querschnitt dargestellt ist. Die Seitenteile (10, 11) werden hierbei C-förmig ausgeformt, wobei die Grundseite (72) parallel zu den Flachrohrseitenwänden verläuft und an das seitlich äußerste Wellrippenelement dergestalt angrenzt, daß die beiden Schenkel (70, 71) jeweils nach außen weisen. Im Unterschied zu einer üblichen U-Form der Seitenteile (10, 11) sind die Enden der Schenkel (70, 71) nochmals rechtwinklig umgekantet und verlaufen so in etwa parallel zur Grundseite (72). Es zeigt sich, daß sich durch diese mit geringem Aufwand mögliche Abkantung der Enden der Schenkel (70,71) eine sehr positive Auswirkung hinsichtlich einer weiteren Erhöhung der Uberdruckfestigkeit für derartige Wärmetauscher ergibt.One possibility is a special shaping of the side delimitation parts (10, 11), which is shown in cross section for the side part (10) in FIG. 6. The side parts (10, 11) are shaped in a C-shape, the base side (72) running parallel to the flat tube side walls and adjoining the outermost corrugated fin element in such a way that the two legs (70, 71) each point outwards. In contrast to a usual U-shape of the side parts (10, 11), the ends of the legs (70, 71) are folded over again at right angles and thus run approximately parallel to the base side (72). It turns out that this bending of the ends of the legs (70, 71), which can be done with little effort, has a very positive effect with regard to a further increase in the pressure resistance for such heat exchangers.

Weiterhin hat sich gezeigt, daß es bei Bedarf auch günstig ist, ein Abstützmittel, wie es in oben beschriebener Weise bereits in den Endbereichen der Wellrippenelemente (9) vorgesehen ist, auch im Bereich der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Mittelachse (16) der Wasser/Luft-Kühler (1a, 1b, 1c) vorzusehen. Denn neben den durch die Spalte (12, 13) besonders überdruckempfindlichen endseitigen Bereiche der Wellrippenelemente (9) ist auch dieser Mittelbereich (16) belastungsempfindlich, da er bei Berücksichtigung einer vergleichsweise geringen Versteifungswirkung der dünnwandigen Wellrippenelemente (9) den größten Abstand von einem der stabilisierenden Rohrböden (7, 8) hat. Besonders einfach ist natürlich hier die Einfügung eines Abstützkamms (30) der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Art entlang der Mittelachse (16). Als Abstützmittel können hier die auch in den Spalten (12, 13) verwendeten Abstandshalter vorgesehen werden.Furthermore, it has been shown that, if necessary, it is also favorable to use a support means, as is already provided in the above-described manner in the end regions of the corrugated fin elements (9), also in the region of the central axis (16) shown in FIG. Air cooler (1a, 1b, 1c) to be provided. Because in addition to the end regions of the corrugated fin elements (9) which are particularly sensitive to overpressure due to the gaps (12, 13), this central region (16) is also sensitive to stress, since, taking into account a comparatively low stiffening effect of the thin-walled corrugated fin elements (9), it is the greatest distance from one of the stabilizing ones Has tube plates (7, 8). Of course, inserting a support comb is particularly easy here (30) of the type shown in Fig. 3 along the central axis (16). The spacers which are also used in the gaps (12, 13) can be provided here as support means.

Weitere Varianten sind denkbar, wobei es erfindungsgemäß vor allem auf die Anordnung der Abstützmittel im Bereich der Enden der mit Abstand zu den Rohrböden (7, 8) endenden Wellrippenelemente (9) ankommt, ohne daß die Flachrohre (6) auf einem größeren Abschnitt ihre Länge zusätzlich verstärkt oder innen- oder außenwandig versteift zu sein brauchen, wobei der Wärmetauscher dennoch Druckbelastungen von über 4 bar standhalten kann.Further variants are conceivable, the arrangement of the support means in the region of the ends of the corrugated fin elements (9) ending at a distance from the tube sheets (7, 8) being important, without the flat tubes (6) extending their length over a larger section additionally need to be reinforced or stiffened on the inside or outside wall, whereby the heat exchanger can nevertheless withstand pressure loads of over 4 bar.

Claims (4)

  1. Heat-exchanger, a water-air cooling radiator for combustion machines in particular, with several flat tubes (6) disposed next to each other, sealed with both ends into pipe bases, in at least one row, and with rib-corrugation elements (9) running between adjacent flat tubes, ending with a separation between them and pipe bases (7, 8), leaving a gap (12, 13), wherein supporting means (14, 15), hindering expansion of flat tubes (6), are provided in a gap (12, 13) between ends of rib-corrugation elements (9) and pipe bases (7, 8), said support means being developed as separating means running approximately parallel to pipe bases (7, 8), said separating means running between lateral walls (6a, 6b) of adjacent flat tubes (6).
  2. Heat exchanger in accordance with claim 1, wherein separating means are developed as teeth (31) of, in each case, at least one support comb which can be inserted transversely in relation to pipe axes.
  3. Heat exchanger in accordance with claim 1, wherein intermediate base-members (14, 15) are provided as separating means, said intermediate base-elements having slit-like openings (20) for passage through them of flat tubes (6) and lying with their areas (21) running between openings, on flat tubes.
  4. Heat exchanger in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein there are side members (10, 11) having, by bevelling of short sides, a C-shaped cross-section, which are directed outwards, with their side walls, from rib-corrugation elements (9).
EP91115619A 1990-10-05 1991-09-14 Heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime EP0479012B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4031577 1990-10-05
DE4031577A DE4031577A1 (en) 1990-10-05 1990-10-05 HEAT EXCHANGER

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EP0479012A1 EP0479012A1 (en) 1992-04-08
EP0479012B1 true EP0479012B1 (en) 1996-01-17

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ES2082071T3 (en) 1996-03-16
DE59107278D1 (en) 1996-02-29
DE4031577A1 (en) 1992-04-09
EP0479012A1 (en) 1992-04-08

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