EP0478229B1 - Bedienungsvorrichtung für Treibstangenbeschlag, mit zwei von einem Zahnrad getriebenen Stangen - Google Patents

Bedienungsvorrichtung für Treibstangenbeschlag, mit zwei von einem Zahnrad getriebenen Stangen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0478229B1
EP0478229B1 EP91308575A EP91308575A EP0478229B1 EP 0478229 B1 EP0478229 B1 EP 0478229B1 EP 91308575 A EP91308575 A EP 91308575A EP 91308575 A EP91308575 A EP 91308575A EP 0478229 B1 EP0478229 B1 EP 0478229B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
locking
rod
rods
lock
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91308575A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0478229A1 (de
Inventor
KENRICK & SONS LIMITED ARCHIBALD
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Archibald Kenrick and Sons Ltd
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Archibald Kenrick and Sons Ltd
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Publication of EP0478229A1 publication Critical patent/EP0478229A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05C—BOLTS OR FASTENING DEVICES FOR WINGS, SPECIALLY FOR DOORS OR WINDOWS
    • E05C9/00—Arrangements of simultaneously actuated bolts or other securing devices at well-separated positions on the same wing
    • E05C9/04—Arrangements of simultaneously actuated bolts or other securing devices at well-separated positions on the same wing with two sliding bars moved in opposite directions when fastening or unfastening
    • E05C9/041—Arrangements of simultaneously actuated bolts or other securing devices at well-separated positions on the same wing with two sliding bars moved in opposite directions when fastening or unfastening with rack and pinion mechanism

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a cremone lock actuator, a locking arrangement for a hinged panel including such a cremone lock actuator, and a panel having such a cremone lock actuator.
  • Hinged panels such as windows and doors are traditionally hung by one panel edge (panel hinge edge), and held as and when required against hinged movement by a locking mechanism carried at the opposed panel edge (panel lock edge).
  • the panel When so mounted the panel can pivot within a frame secured in a wall or the like, upon a frame hinge section, about a hinge axis for that panel.
  • a cremone lock actuator is disclosed in GB-A-2161208. This document shows a pair of racks, one of which was driven by an axially-adjustable drive element 24, by way of slot 42; the other rack was "consequentially driven” in the opposed direction by idler pinion 45.
  • the locking mechanism for a panel is conventionally mounted on (rather than in) the panel lock edge and traditionally includes a part able to engage one or more keepers mounted on a frame lock section (located opposite to the frame hinge section).
  • one typical locking mechanism includes a locking lever, suitably a cockspur fixed to the operating handle, and rotatable with the lock handle so as to slide behind a keeper to effect a single point lock, generally as disclosed for catch portion 26 of GB-A-1,537,251; another known locking mechanism such as that of GB-A-2,072,740 includes a so-called espagnolette, to effect two point uni-directional locking within two keepers, and which also can be operated by a rotatable handle.
  • One disadvantage of the above known locking arrangements is that the lock mechanism is proud of the panel and because of poor fitting or changes in temperature can foul the frame.
  • Another disadvantage is that the panel can be prised free from the locking engagement by a burglar's lever, usually because the panel is mounted with play at the frame hinge section.
  • One technique is to insert the burglar's lever between the opposed panel edge and the frame locking section, and to manoeuvre the lever to force the panel in a direction towards the frame hinge section i.e. perpendicular to the panel hinge axis and parallel to the frame connecting members which join the respective ends of the frame hinge section and frame locking section.
  • a solution to this second problem is to provide a locking arrangement for a hinged panel wherein a locking member is movable substantially parallel to the panel hinge axis into and out of locking engagement with a keeper, and wherein the locking member is permitted to move towards and away from the hinge axis whilst in the said locking engagement.
  • locking members in the form of locking rods, simultaneously movable in opposed directions into and out of said locking engagement.
  • a lock actuator in which two such locking rods are connectable by spring clips to two racks which are driven in opposite directions is disclosed in CH-A-473,300; this document disclosing the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to find an alternative way to fasten the rods to the racks.
  • a cremone lock actuator which includes locking rods and drive means for the locking rods, each rod having a first end and a second end defining a rod longitudinal axis, the rods being movable simultaneously in opposed directions parallel to the rod longitudinal axis, the drive means including a rotatable wheel having a drive coupling such that the wheel can be directly driven when said drive coupling is engaged, the rotatable wheel driving two racks in opposite directions parallel to the direction of movement of the sliding rods, each rack having an extension with a recess, whereby each rod can be connected to a respective rack, characterised in that each rod has a shouldered blade, and in that the end of each rod can be pushed into the respective recess and thereafter twisted to a retained position in the rack.
  • the handle is also connected to a locking lever to provide three point locking, the locking lever e.g. cockspur, fitting behind a plate mounted on the frame lock section and against which it can slide parallel to the panel lock edge if the panel is levered in a direction parallel to the panel hinge axis.
  • the locking lever e.g. cockspur
  • window lengths will typically include a drainage chamber, to be located externally of the building to permit the egress of water draining from the window; a reinforcing chamber, usually carrying a metal reinforcement rod or tube and aligned with a so-called glazing chamber shaped to receive the pane or panes of glass; and an abutment, shaped to provide an upstanding rear wall, to assist in locating the glazing.
  • the abutment is connected to the reinforcing chamber by a so-called "spare" chamber, which may include a strengthening partition, the abutment being inwardly of the building in which the window is fixed.
  • a locking mechanism can be located in the spare chamber.
  • the locking mechanism is conveniently housed in a gearbox and includes parts coupled to the oppositely movable locking rods. Usefully the locking rods are mainly located also in the spare chamber.
  • an opening is milled into the lower wall (i.e. remote from the abutment) of the spare chamber and which provides the panel locking edge, with the gearbox being mounted with its lower edge within the spare chamber, or flush with this lower wall, whereby the gearbox can be permitted a substantial depth.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a rectangular window frame 1 comprising upright frame members 2,3,4, and horizontal frame members 5,6,7; other frame shapes are frequently used, as is well known, and the invention can be applied to these also.
  • the window includes a sill 8, with rain water groove 9 in its underside.
  • frame 1 Within frame 1 are located three panels comprising a fixed (non-openable) window 10, and casement windows 11, 12.
  • the window 11 is mounted and hinged at 20, 21 to pivot about a substantially horizontal axis upon horizontal member 5, and window 12 is mounted and hinged at 22, 23 to pivot about a vertical hinge axis upon vertical member 2.
  • the window 11 is mounted and hinged to upright frame members 2,3 in known fashion, again to pivot about a horizontal or substantially horizontal hinge axis between the open position shown in Fig. 1 and its closed position; the window 12 can similarly be mounted and hinged to horizontal frame members 5, 6 again to pivot about a vertical or substantially vertical hinge axis between the closed position shown in Fig. 1 and an open position.
  • top mounted window 11 though it applies also to side mounted window 12, and to any bottom mounted panel.
  • horizontal frame member 5 is the frame hinge section for window 11
  • horizontal frame member 6 is the frame locking section.
  • the window hinge axis runs parallel to and is aligned with hinges 20, 21.
  • window 11 is hinged at one panel edge 42 (panel hinged edge), and has a locking arrangement mounted at the opposed panel edge 43 (panel locking edge) adapted to secure the window in the closed condition.
  • these panel edges comprise panel edge members joined by panel connecting edge members 44, 45, to define and confine a glazing area or chamber 46.
  • the locking arrangement includes a pair of rods 30, 31 which as shown in this rear view (from inside the building) have terminal locking parts 30a, 31a which engage behind keeper plates 32, 33 to prevent outwards opening of the window.
  • the rods 30, 31, are circular in cross section, but these locking rods can be of a different cross section, either throughout their length or at their ends 30a, 31a e.g. rectangular, for use with the guide member of Fig. 12.
  • these keeper plates 32, 33 are secured to upright frame members 2, 3 which for this window are the frame connecting members. If therefore an attempt is made to force the window 11 when locked, i.e. in Fig.
  • the locking arrangement in this embodiment includes the traditional arrangement of a locking lever 35 having a terminal portion 35a which as shown can slide behind metal keeper plate 36 screwed or otherwise affixed to the frame horizontal member 6; thus the locking lever can be rotated through a specified angle upon rotation of handle 37, into and out of location behind keeper plate 36; in an alternative embodiment the keeper can be of U-form with legs between which the locking lever can fit for locking, and in another embodiment can be of the known double U-form with an entrance opening i.e. for use with either clockwise or anti-clockwise rotation locking levers, perhaps with a cam section requiring the window to be pressed (further) in the closed direction before normal rotational movement of the handle to open the window is permitted, as child safety feature.
  • lever 35 is integral with pinion 76; it thus has a hole aligned with the recess in the pinion defining the drive coupling means adapted to receive the handle portion 37a (Fig. 5).
  • Fig. 2 is a section through a length of extruded uPVC, cut to length for each of the four side pieces of a typical profiled rectangular plastics window panel.
  • the section shown is the lower horizontal section in use, viewed from below, but the profile is the same for the other three panel sections. It includes internal drainage chamber 50, internal reinforcing chamber 52, external abutment 54 and an internal spare chamber 56 (in part defined by outer wall 55) connecting the abutment 54 to the reinforcing chamber 52.
  • the drainage chamber receives rainwater and the like from the front face (i.e.
  • reinforcing chamber 52 includes a metal support rod or the like, to help withstand the weight of the glazing without substantial deformation of the chamber walls.
  • the major length of locking member in the form of rod 31 is located in the spare chamber 56.
  • the rod end which projects from the panel is slidingly located in an annular guide member 60 (Fig. 7), externally threaded for releasable securement in the panel connecting edge member 44; guide member 60 has a cap 62 of pleasing appearance since it can be seen when the window is opened.
  • a guide member 160 (Fig. 12) can alternatively be used, fixed by a screw to the panel edge connecting member 44 through screw opening 161, and receiving a rod of rectangular cross section through guide aperture 163.
  • FIG 6 a known way of securing a locking rod to a lock actuating piece is shown.
  • the rod 31 is threaded at its inner end 31a, as is rod 30, and so can be secured in circular recess 72 in extension 73 of rack 71. In such a design recess 72 is tapped.
  • This part of the figure 6 design is known from the state of the art and does not form part of the present invention.
  • both opposed rods terminate at their inward ends in a shouldered blade 31b which can be pushed into a recess 73b in the extension 73 and twisted to the retained condition.
  • the rack 71 is part of a gearbox 75, as is rack 70.
  • a pinion 76 rotatable by handle 37, having a drive part 37a secured by either a fixed press-fit into the pinion, or releasably.
  • the pinion is annular, with a central recess in the form of a blind bore, or alternatively a through recess, shaped in accordance with drive part 37a of handle portion 37b so that upon handle rotation, the racks 70, 71 and thus the rods 30, 31 respectively connected thereto are driven directly and thus simultaneously in opposite directions, away from pinion 76 into locking engagement behind the keeper plates 32, 33, or drawn towards the pinion 76 to release the locking engagement.
  • the central recess provides a drive coupling means for the drive wheel e.g. pinion 76.
  • the racks and pinion are mounted in a gearbox 75 which is located within the spare chamber 56. It can be so located either after fabrication of the panel i.e. for retro-fit to existing windows, or after joining of frame profile lengths but prior to fitting of the glazing for newly-made panels. It can also be fitted (as by the plastics extruder) to one frame profile length, prior to this formed panel locking section being joined as by welding a mitre end to panel connecting sections, but then the rods 32, 33 would need to be fitted after such joining.
  • the gearbox is fed through an opening in the bottom wall of the spare chamber.
  • the gearbox is mounted by means of screws 90 in tapped projections 92.
  • this locking lever is specially shaped, with a cranked offset portion 35a.
  • the locking lever can act through the central region of the lower rack, as indicated in Fig. 6 or it can act to one or other side of the racks.
  • the spare chamber remains isolated from the glazing chamber i.e. there is no water communication channel or conduit therebetween.
  • the operating mechanism 75 is inaccessible until the window is opened (or removed in toto).
  • a further advantage is that the handle support or base 37c can be coupled to gearbox 75 through the wall 55 (Fig. 2) i.e. the outer wall of the spare chamber 56 of the lock edge 43.
  • wall 55 i.e. the outer wall of the spare chamber 56 of the lock edge 43.
  • cremone lock actuator can be selected within a particular profile in accordance with the proprietary handle to be used; and within the different profiles of different manufacturers in accordance with the size and disposition of the spare chamber.
  • a cover plate 84 such as that shown in Fig. 14 is used, having fins 86 which extend into the slot up towards the gearbox 75 and engage the internal faces of opposed walls defining the spare chamber 56, whereby to replace the strength previously provided to the profile by that portion of the panel locking edge milled away.
  • the gearbox 75 is screwed to that wall of the spare chamber which is internal of the frame in use (the left hand wall as viewed in Fig. 2, which adds rigidity to that wall, but the chamber wall opposed thereto without the support provided by fins 86 can be flexible and flimsy.
  • the cover plate can have projections extending fore and aft in use and which stand proud of the panel locking edge both to ease removal when needed, and to locate the fins the required distance into the slot or opening in the bottom wall.
  • the cover plate can include a V-groove disposed so that the locking lever in the locking condition is located in the narrower gap groove portion.
  • the keeper plate 32 is secured to the frame connecting member 2 by screws in apertures 39 in upstanding outwardly offset lugs 38.
  • the apertures 39 can if required by spaced from the plate 32 by a selected distance chosen to provide a keeper which is dedicated to one panel.
  • the lugs 38 can be connected to form a rear stop against which the rod can abut when in the locking condition (as viewed, rod moved into the paper), both to provide extra friction against lateral sliding (left-right as viewed in Fig. 8 when forcibly moved as above mentioned, as by a burglar's lever, and to conceal the rod tip; in an alternative embodiment and for the same purposes, the keeper can be U-shaped, with its open side facing the glazing.
  • fixing lugs 38 can be provided to both sides of the keeper plate; in an alternative application, this arrangement has the additional advantage of avoiding extra inventory by permitting the use of one pair of securement lugs on one frame connecting section and the other pair on the other frame connecting section.
  • the keeper plate can be shaped to provide a non-removable ramp 34 (Fig 10), and this can be cast with the keeper or secured as by welding the ramp to the lugs 38 (Fig. 11); alternatively the ramp can be made removable, as is ramp 34a of Fig.
  • resilient studs conveniently carried by the ramp member, and which are pressed into recesses or through holes, either in the lugs 38 or in the keeper 32.
  • these removable studs can be of a different material to the remainder of the keeper e.g. plastics, or keeper 32 can be of metal and ramp 34a of plastics.
  • the ramp 34a of Fig. 11 is domed, and can be located such that the rod 30 approaches (into the paper) below the dome apex level; however, if the keeper is intended simply for firmer panel engagement during locking movement and not also for extra lateral resistance (left-right as viewed in Fig. 11) against unlawful movement, the rod can be guided towards the dome apex.
  • Fig. 11 with a gap between keeper and ramp can be used for locking a panel in two positions e.g. closed and partly open, by the alternative use of keeper plate 32 and ramp 34a, with ramp 34a being used for a partly open or day-vent position.
  • a combination keeper arrangement such as Fig. 11 is thus appropriate for use with a locking lever 35, 35a, and will then be mounted on the frame locking edge.
  • a locking arrangement according to the invention can alternatively or additionally be mounted in one or preferably both of the panel connecting members.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Superstructure Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Hinges (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Basküle-Verschlußsteller, der Riegelbolzen (30, 31) und Antriebsmittel (76, 70, 71) für die Riegelbolzen (30, 31) aufweist, wobei jeder Bolzen ein erstes Ende und ein zweites Ende hat, die eine Bolzenlängsachse definieren, wobei die Bolzen gleichzeitig in entgegengesetzten Richtungen parallel zur Bolzenlängsachse beweglich sind, wobei die Antriebsmittel ein drehbares Rad (76) mit einer Antriebskupplung (77, 79) aufweisen, so daß das Rad direkt angetrieben werden kann, wenn die genannte Antriebskupplung in Eingriff ist, wobei das drehbare Rad (76) zwei Zahnstangen (70, 71) in entgegengesetzten Richtungen parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung der Schiebebolzen (30, 31) antreibt, wobei jede Zahnstange (70, 71) eine Verlängerung (73) mit einer Aussparung (73b) hat, wodurch jeder Bolzen mit einer betreffenden Zahnstange verbunden werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Bolzen eine mit Schulter versehene Klinge (31b) hat, und dadurch, daß die Klinge (31b) jedes Bolzens (30, 31) in die betreffende Aussparung (73b) geschoben und danach auf eine festgehaltene Position in der Zahnstange verdreht werden kann.
  2. Basküle-Verschlußstellglied nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das drehbare Rad (76) als ein Ritzel geformt ist, wobei das Ritzel zwischen den beiden Zahnstangen (70, 71) und mit ihnen in treibendem Eingriff angeordnet ist, so daß die Zahnstangen (70, 71) bei Drehung des Ritzels in den genannten entgegengesetzten Richtungen verschiebbar sind, wobei bei jeder Zahnstange die genannte Aussparung (73b) zum Aufnehmen der genannten ersten mit einer Schulter versehenen Klinge (31b) eines Bolzens (30, 31) geformt ist, damit die genannte mit einer Schulter versehene Klinge (31b) zwischen einem nicht festgehaltenen und einem festgehaltenen Zustand um die Längsachse des Bolzens (30, 31) gedreht werden kann.
  3. Basküle-Verschlußsteller nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ritzel eine Zähne tragende Außenfläche hat, wobei einige der Zähne mit der ersten Zahnstange (70) in Getriebeeingriff sind und andere der Zähne mit der zweiten Zahnstange (71) in Eingriff sind, wobei die Antriebskupplung von den Zähnen radial nach innen liegt und eine axiale Aussparung definiert, in welche ein Griffteil (37a) aufgenommen werden kann, wobei der Griffteil Teil eines von Hand drehbaren Griffs (37) ist, wobei die Zahnstangen und das Ritzel in einem Getriebe (75) mit einem Zugangsloch (93) für den Griffteil und Zugangslöchern (94) für die jeweiligen Bolzen angeordnet sind.
  4. Platte mit einem hohlen Verschlußabschnitt oder Schließrand (43) gegenüber einem Scharnierteil (42), die einen Baskülen-Verschlußsteller nach Anspruch 1 und einen drehbaren Verschlußgriff (37) hat, der vom Schließabschnitt getragen wird und durch eine Antriebsanordnung, die zwischen dem Griff (37) und den Riegelbolzen (30, 31) angeordnet ist, mit den entgegengesetzt beweglichen Riegelbolzen (30, 31) treibend verbunden ist, wobei wenigstens ein Teil der Antriebsanordnung, die von dem genannten Baskülen-Verschlußstellglied bereitgestellt wird, innerhalb des Schließabschnitts angeordnet ist und das zweite Ende jedes Bolzens in einem an der Platte befestigten Führungselement (60, 160) geführt wird.
  5. Platte nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Bolzen einen rechteckigen Querschnitt hat und daß die zweiten Enden, die in den Führungselementen (160) geführt werden, eine rechteckige Führungsöffnung (163) für den Bolzen haben.
  6. Platte nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schließabschnitt eine innere unbelegte Kammer (56) aufweist, daß die Antriebsanordnung eine Getriebeanordnung aufweist, daß wenigstens ein Teil der Getriebeanordnung in einem Getriebe (75) angeordnet ist, daß sich das Getriebe in der unbelegten Kammer (56) befindet, daß die Platte ein Verglasungsfeld ist, daß der Schließabschnitt aus extrudiertem Plastikmaterial ist, das eine Verglasungskammer (58) bereitstellt, und daß die unbelegte Kammer von der Verglasungskammer (58) isoliert ist.
  7. Verschlußanordnung für eine Platte (10, 11) und einen Rahmen (1), wobei die genannte Verschlußanordnung einen Baskülen-Verschlußsteller nach Anspruch 1 aufweist und des weiteren folgendes aufweist: einander gegenüberliegende, vom Rahmen getragene Streichbleche (32, 33), einen Plattenscharnierrand (42), mit dem die Platte gelenkig am Rahmen montiert ist, einen Plattenschließrand oder -schließabschnitt (43) mit den entgegengesetzt beweglichen Riegelbolzen (30, 31), die jeweils ein Riegelteil (30a, 31a) haben, das linear aus einer ersten nicht sperrenden Position in eine zweite Sperrposition bewegbar ist, wobei jedes Riegelteil in der genannten ersten Position von seinem betreffenden Streichblech absteht und in der genannten zweiten Position mit seinem Streichblech zur Befestigung der Platte am Rahmen in Eingriff ist.
  8. Verschlußanordnung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen Verschlußgriff (37) hat, der in der Antriebskupplung (77) des drehbaren Rads (76) aufnehmbar ist, und daß der Verschlußgriff auch einen drehbaren Verschlußhebel (35) betätigt, um dadurch eine Punktverriegelung der Platte an einer dritten Position (36) des Rahmens (1) bereitzustellen, und daß die entgegengesetzt beweglichen Riegelbolzen (30, 31) fest sind.
EP91308575A 1990-09-24 1991-09-20 Bedienungsvorrichtung für Treibstangenbeschlag, mit zwei von einem Zahnrad getriebenen Stangen Expired - Lifetime EP0478229B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9020720 1990-09-24
GB909020720A GB9020720D0 (en) 1990-09-24 1990-09-24 Locking arrangement for a hinged panel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0478229A1 EP0478229A1 (de) 1992-04-01
EP0478229B1 true EP0478229B1 (de) 2001-04-04

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EP91308575A Expired - Lifetime EP0478229B1 (de) 1990-09-24 1991-09-20 Bedienungsvorrichtung für Treibstangenbeschlag, mit zwei von einem Zahnrad getriebenen Stangen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0478229B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE200334T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69132571D1 (de)
GB (1) GB9020720D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2289716B (en) * 1992-12-16 1997-07-30 Kenrick & Sons Ltd Panel locking arrangement
WO1994015052A1 (en) * 1992-12-21 1994-07-07 Archibald Kenrick & Sons Limited Panel locking arrangement
FI109929B (fi) * 1999-09-03 2002-10-31 Abloy Oy Salpalaite
US6443422B1 (en) 2001-06-08 2002-09-03 Eaton Corporation Apparatus and method for adjusting an actuator on a real-time basis
FR2907482A1 (fr) * 2006-10-18 2008-04-25 Wagon Sas Dispositif de verrouillage a cremaillere pour panneau coulissant de vehicule automobile, dispositif d'obturation et vehicule automobile correspondants
DE102019104161A1 (de) * 2019-02-19 2020-08-20 Seitz Gmbh Fenster für ein Fahrzeug oder einen Container mit einem Verriegelungsmechanismus

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE263046C (de) *
US3110512A (en) * 1961-11-06 1963-11-12 Gen Motors Corp Latch mechanism
CH473300A (de) * 1968-11-20 1969-05-31 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Stangenschloss, insbesondere für Schaltschränke
FR2570744B1 (fr) * 1984-09-24 1991-09-27 Croisees & Profils Sa Cremone dont le systeme de fermeture a trois directions est commande par un pignon unique

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ATE200334T1 (de) 2001-04-15
GB9020720D0 (en) 1990-11-07
DE69132571D1 (de) 2001-05-10
EP0478229A1 (de) 1992-04-01

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