Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • G03B31/00—Associated working of cameras or projectors with sound-recording or sound-reproducing means
  • G03B31/02—Associated working of cameras or projectors with sound-recording or sound-reproducing means in which sound track is on a moving-picture film
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
  • G03B21/14—Details
  • G03B21/32—Details specially adapted for motion-picture projection
  • G03B21/50—Control devices operated by the film strip during the run
  • G03B21/52—Control devices operated by the film strip during the run by prepared film

Definitions

• the invention refers to a control code for cinematic films or a medium suitable for a similar reproduction with at least two rows of perforations and one sound track to control a subtitling machine with the associated texts where in the form of optical, magnetic, mechanical, or similar marking the code is present in a digital, analogue or similar form.
• the dialogue has to be transla ⁇ ted and the film subtitled.
• This is implemented by importing a copy of the foreign language film after which the transla ⁇ tion is produced. After editing as needed these subtitles ha ⁇ ve to be transferred to the film. This is done by producing the subtitles in a matrix in a form similar to typesetting, which is subsequently embossed into the film itself in the actual frames, the emulsion of the film thus being removed where the letters are.
• This complicated procedure is of cour ⁇ se cost-intensive and slow and has as a result that after the showing in the small language area involved the film cannot be used in other language areas.
• the inventor has therefore with a view to making it eco ⁇ nomically feasible to show ordinary cinematic films, within small language areas set himself the task to create a low- cost and quick control type of a high quality for the control of text reproduction devices for ordinary cinematic films in the ordinary existing formats without loss of sound track and in such a manner that the subtitles will be reproduced cor ⁇ rectly even if parts of the film have been cut away and, furthermore, enabling the film with the control code to be used within other language areas.
• this task is solved by pla ⁇ cing the code associated with the film sequentially between the perforations, and by allowing the code for each individu ⁇ al event to go across several perforations at a random inter- spacing within the same picture area.
• control code according to the invention a reli ⁇ able coding of cinematic films is attainable without deterio ⁇ ration of the sound track. At the same time it is assured that the film is not damaged by an abnormally high mechanical load.
• control code according to the invention an unambiguous connection is provided between the speech in the sound track of ordinary cinematic films and the subtitles re ⁇ produced as the control code automatically assures that the subtitles matching the control code and the sound picture is always being reproduced at the correct control point in rela ⁇ tion to the picture shown. Even in cases when a cutting may take place straight through the code corresponding to an event, the cut-away code can be easily reestablished across the cut. It follows that the subtitles are always reproduced correctly even if one or more frames have been cut away.
• control code it is an added advantage of the control code that one and the same code may be used everywhere within many language areas and, consequently, films may be reused several times without deterioration of the quality of the pictures. This implies that the control code has to be applied once only, meaning that only translation of subtitles and typesetting have to be done within other language areas.
• the control code in an appropriate design, has been placed at the side edge or the trailing edge of a perforation hole when seen in the direction of ⁇ the travel of the film as the bits of the control code may exist as recesses in the si ⁇ de or trailing edges of the perforations, e.g. by having semi-circular recesses with a diameter matching the width of the perforation.
• the reason for this placement is that the film transport devices, grip the film at the leading edges of the perforations to move the film forward.
• control code Even if the control code is extended to include several frames there will be no problem of inputting the time code quickly as, e.g. twelve, thirteen or fourteen bits will be input within 60 c/s at normal film transport ti ⁇ me which is fast enough for the subtitling of even very fast speech.
• the code may be pla ⁇ ced in either row of perforation or in both. Thereby suffici ⁇ ent redundancy is obtained to assure against drop-out, or the control code might be placed with bits alternating in each row of perforation.
• control code which later can be edited, if a cut has been made through the control code belonging to a defined event, it is suggested that the control code is made by blacking/not-blacking of the film strip between and on the exterior side around the per ⁇ forations. In that way it is ensured that the control code in no way can interfere with the transport of the film. Simulta ⁇ neously, the possibility is provided for, that the code be- longing to a single event can be arranged between each perforation, which will reduce the possibility for cutting through a control code.
• control code according to the invention is explained in the following by means of an example of performance with is shown in the drawing.
• the drawing shows:
• the drawing shows a section of an ordinary 35 mm cinema- tic film 1 provided with two rows of perforations 2a and 2b and picture areas 3. Between the picture areas and one of the perforations 2a space has been reserved for one or more sound tracks 4 where the sound is present in either stereo or doub ⁇ led mono reproduction. In the performance example shown here every fourth perforation hole 2a has a die-cut semi-circular recess 5 indicating that the bit in question has been set.
• control code is made by black ⁇ ing/not-blacking of the film strip between and on the exteri- or side around the perforations 2a, 2b. This allows for, that the control code is arranged between each single hole 2a, 2b in the perforation, so as to be able to read the control code in the course of very few picture frames, ie less than 16 cS. Furthermore, the individual bits of the control code may be located alteraatingly in both rows of perforation 2a, 2b.
• control code according to the invention may be scanned without major modification of conventional cinema machinery. This will en ⁇ tail that the control code will very soon be able to win ac- ceptance as its exploitation does not depend upon the repla ⁇ cement rate of old cinema machines. Furthermore, the control code according to the invention will in no way influence the showing of coded films in ordinary cinema machines as the areas between the perforations are not used by the conventio- nal cinema machines.
• control code according to the invention has the further cultural as ⁇ pect that films of a high artistic value will more easily, sooner and with less costs be made available to small langua ⁇ ge areas - and thus to a wider audience which as a consequen ⁇ ce may enjoy films of a high artistic value.
• control code according to the invention is also sui ⁇ table for the showing of cinema films on giant screens via tele projection where the subtitle reproduction device con ⁇ trolled by the control code is then superimposing the text into the output signal.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
• Studio Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 1989
  • 1989-06-06 DK DK274789A patent/DK164611C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1990
  • 1990-06-06 WO PCT/DK1990/000139 patent/WO1990015361A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1990-06-06 AU AU58496/90A patent/AU5849690A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-06-06 EP EP19900909642 patent/EP0477255A1/en not_active Ceased

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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