EP0477136B1 - Procédé pour fabriquer des pièces coulées par solidification dirigée ou monocristalline - Google Patents

Procédé pour fabriquer des pièces coulées par solidification dirigée ou monocristalline Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0477136B1
EP0477136B1 EP19910810678 EP91810678A EP0477136B1 EP 0477136 B1 EP0477136 B1 EP 0477136B1 EP 19910810678 EP19910810678 EP 19910810678 EP 91810678 A EP91810678 A EP 91810678A EP 0477136 B1 EP0477136 B1 EP 0477136B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casting
mould
melt
heat
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19910810678
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0477136A1 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Staub
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer Markets and Technology AG
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Sulzer Innotec AG
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Publication of EP0477136A1 publication Critical patent/EP0477136A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing castings according to the preamble of claim 1 and to molds for carrying out the method.
  • FR-A-2443302 From FR-A-2443302 a method with a tunnel-like continuous casting plant is known. In this method, a chain of molds that have closed bottoms is conveyed through the plant, the molds passing through different zones in which different temperature fields exist due to different configurations of stationary heat sources and heat sinks.
  • the heat sources are no longer generated by heating elements, but by means of superheated melt and by means of special shaping of the mold by adding additional cavities. These cavities filled with overheated melt act as heat reservoirs.
  • these "processes have been integrated into the mold shell Heat reservoirs "have the disadvantage of having a greater need for alloys.
  • the temperature gradient G and the solidification rate v one has to be satisfied with a restricted range of application. This parameter control is only successful with regard to the desired dendrite structure feasible if the components are not too large, namely not more than around 15 cm in length.
  • another and important advantage of the second type of process is that the occupancy time of the vacuum casting system for a casting is around five times shorter.
  • the object of the invention is to provide improvements for the casting process with heat sources integrated in the mold shell with respect to the controlled heat flow for steering the solidification front. This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Due to this solution, in particular the amount of melt that is required for the heat reservoirs can be reduced.
  • the features of claim 7 define a mold according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows one half of the casting mold 10 with a mold shell 11 and an insulating one Sheath 12.
  • the cavities of the molded shell are shown in the form of the wax model, which is used to produce the molded shell, from the other half.
  • the following cavities can be seen, in physical representation: the partial casting mold 1 for a single component, which is shown in a highly simplified manner as a cuboid; Cavities 2a and 2b for the heat reservoirs formed by overheated melt; the starter 3 with the disk-shaped base zone 3a and the helical selector 3b; the cavity 5 which is taken up by the cooling plate during casting; the volume 6 of the central stem, which is sealed with ceramic material after the wax has melted; and finally the pouring funnel 7.
  • the molded shell 11 has a ring 15 on the circumference of the cavity 5, which is provided on the inside by appropriate shaping of the wax model with grooves, not shown, by means of which the mold 10 can be fastened in a bayonet-type manner on the cooling plate.
  • the insulating sheath 12 can be composed of ceramic fiber mats.
  • the intermediate space 13 between the molded shell 11 and the sheath 12 is preferably filled with heat-insulating material, for example a ceramic wadding.
  • the selector 3b is shown schematically as a serpentine structure.
  • the solidification front 205 is located in the entrance area of the partial casting mold 1.
  • the solidified alloy is polycrystalline; it changes into a directionally crystalline phase which extends into the mouth region of the selector 3b.
  • An appearance of stem crystals, as indicated in Fig. 2, is to be regarded as an idealization of reality.
  • the heat flow is indicated by the arrows in FIG.
  • the latent heat released during solidification and the heat from the overheated melt must be dissipated downward on the solidification front 205 to the cooling plate 50: arrows 301.
  • Part of the heat is released to the surroundings of the mold 10: arrows 304.
  • the heat flow 304 is directed to the environment, as shown, in a grape structure of the mold 10 on one side.
  • the heat is dissipated to the cooling plate on the one hand via the base zone 3a (arrows 302) and on the other hand via the molded shell 11 (arrows 303).
  • a gap 56 is formed between the surface of the cooling plate 50 and the cast body, which leads to an impairment of the heat flow 302.
  • a diameter is chosen for the base zone 3a which is substantially larger than the diameter of the selector 3b.
  • the height of the base zone 3a is chosen to be small, so that the gap width, which is proportional to the height, is also small.
  • the solidification front 205 does not run parallel to the cooling plate; it is inclined.
  • the inclination of the solidification front 205 must be taken into account when aligning the partial mold 1 in the grape. Care must be taken that - see FIG. 3b - island regions 201 do not arise in which the solidification front 205 prevents the melt from flowing in again.
  • an increased microporosity arises due to the contraction during the phase change, which means a local weakening of the casting.
  • the use of feeders can prevent the emergence of island areas. Under certain circumstances, however, this can be achieved much more simply by a different orientation of the partial mold 1, as illustrated in FIG. 3a.
  • the inclination of the solidification front 205 can be influenced in a targeted manner by the special shape and arrangement of the cavities 2a and 2b or rather the heat reservoirs resulting therefrom, in order to counteract the formation of island regions 201.
  • the creation of the heat reservoirs means an additional requirement for alloy, which can be quite expensive.
  • the casting mold 10 is heated according to the invention in a furnace to a temperature which is significantly higher than the liquidus temperature. This also gives the mold 10 the property of a heat source.
  • the importance as an additional heat source can be increased, for example, by replacing the Cavity 2b integrated into the molded shell 11, a ceramic body with a high heat capacity. The heat stored in this ceramic body, which is supplied in the heating furnace, obviously allows a corresponding saving in melt.
  • the casting mold 10 is heated according to the invention in a separate heating furnace 40 to around 1500 degrees Celsius.
  • the alloy is melted with an induction furnace 30 and in a crucible 20 and heated to about 200 to 350 K - depending on the alloy and shape of the component - above the liquidus temperature.
  • the heated mold 10 is transported from the furnace 40 into the lock 120 of the casting installation 100 by means of an automatic machine 60 on a rail 62 and a gripping device 65.
  • the cooling plate 50 (not shown) is located in the lock 120 with the lock gates 125 and 126.
  • the gripping device 65 must be able to perform a rotary movement when the mold 10 is placed on the cooling plate 50, through which claw-like projections on the edge of the circular cooling plate engage in a bayonet-like manner with the grooves which are located in the above-mentioned ring 15 of the mold 10 .
  • the cooling plate 50 with the mold 10 attached to it is moved into the casting chamber 130.
  • the cooling takes place preferably by means of water, for which the connections 51 and 52 are provided.
  • the superheated melt can now be poured from the crucible 20 into the pouring funnel 7 by means of a device (not shown). The melt fills the molded shell and comes into contact with the cooling plate 50 in the starters, with the shock-like cooling spontaneously forming crystal nuclei at the interface and then the already mentioned polycrystalline phase in the base zones.
  • the separate heating of the mold 10 is advantageously carried out in two stages: in a first oven, preheating is carried out to a temperature between around 1000 and 1200 degrees Celsius, and in a second oven 40, the further heating is carried out to around 1500 degrees.
  • the dwell times in both ovens are around one hour each.
  • a ceramic firing furnace which has been adapted for the purposes of the method can be used for the furnace 40.
  • gaseous hydrocarbons 45 in particular propane, can be used for heating.
  • the heating can also be carried out by means of electric furnaces, in particular in the first stage.
  • the handling by the automatic machine 60 and the introduction must be carried out within a maximum of two minutes. It is not necessary for the mold 10 to be as hot as the overheated melt. It is sufficient if at the beginning of the casting the temperature difference between the melt and the casting mold is of the order of magnitude of around 50 K, the temperature of the mold shell 11, of course, being supposed to be higher than the liquidus temperature.
  • the cycle times are considerably shorter: They are 10 to 30 minutes compared to 60 to 150 minutes in the other processes.
  • the exemplary embodiment described relates to the production of castings by single-crystalline solidification.
  • the production of directionally solidified castings can be carried out using the same procedure; the only difference is that the selectors 3b are missing in the mold.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé de production de pièces de fonte par solidification orientée ou monocristalline dans une installation de coulée sous vide (100) à l'aide d'un moule (10) qui comprend une coquille (11) ouverte en haut et en bas et une enveloppe (12) de matériau calorifuge, procédé suivant lequel le moule subit un préchauffage à l'extérieur de l'installation de coulée et l'alliage à couler est mis en fusion dans l'installation de coulée et chauffé au-dessus de la température de liquidus, puis le moule est introduit par un sas dans l'installation de coulée, y est posé sur une plaque de refroidissement (50) et rempli de la masse fondue, les sources de chaleur formées à partir de la masse fondue surchauffée ainsi que du moule et le dissipateur de chaleur formé au niveau de la plaque de refroidissement générant un flux contrôlé de chaleur destiné à diriger le front de solidification, caractérisé en ce que des cavités (2a) adaptées à la formation du flux contrôlé de chaleur dans la coquille (11) sont prévues pour la masse fondue et en ce que le moule est chauffé au préchauffage à une température qui est d'au moins 50° K supérieure à la température de liquidus de la masse fondue.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le chauffage du moule est effectué dans au moins un four à gaz à l'aide d'un hydrocarbure, en particulier de propane.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le moule est préchauffé dans un premier four à une température comprise entre 1000 et 1200°C et en ce que la poursuite du chauffage à environ 1500°C est effectuée dans un second four.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième étape de chauffage est effectuée dans un four modifié de cuisson de céramique.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le moule est introduit par un sas dans l'installation de coulée au moyen d'un dispositif à grappin et d'un robot.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le moule est porté à une température qui est inférieure à la température de la masse fondue surchauffée.
  7. Moule (10) pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, qui comprend une coquille (11) ouverte en haut et en bas, ainsi qu'une enveloppe (12) en matériau calorifuge, caractérisé par des cavités adaptées (2a) pour la masse fondue dans la coquille (11) et par des corps (2b) ayant une capacité thermique élevée, qui sont intégrés dans la coquille (11) en vue de la formation du flux contrôlé de chaleur, ainsi que par des moyens qui permettent un assemblage du type fermeture à baïonnette avec la plaque de refroidissement (50).
EP19910810678 1990-09-21 1991-08-23 Procédé pour fabriquer des pièces coulées par solidification dirigée ou monocristalline Expired - Lifetime EP0477136B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH306190 1990-09-21
CH3061/90 1990-09-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0477136A1 EP0477136A1 (fr) 1992-03-25
EP0477136B1 true EP0477136B1 (fr) 1994-11-02

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EP19910810678 Expired - Lifetime EP0477136B1 (fr) 1990-09-21 1991-08-23 Procédé pour fabriquer des pièces coulées par solidification dirigée ou monocristalline

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EP (1) EP0477136B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59103410D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104066533A (zh) * 2012-01-24 2014-09-24 斯奈克玛 使用失蜡铸造技术用于制造航空器涡轮机组带叶片构件和包括形成蓄热器的屏罩的外壳模具

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE59106536D1 (de) * 1990-12-17 1995-10-26 Sulzer Innotec Ag Giessverfahren zur Herstellung von gerichtet erstarrten oder einkristallinen Bauteilen.
DE4212410C2 (de) * 1992-04-13 1996-08-08 Sulzer Mtu Casting Technology Gießeinheit für die Herstellung einer Mehrzahl von Gußteilen
EP0661415A1 (fr) * 1993-12-17 1995-07-05 Sulzer Innotec Ag Joint d'étanchéité entre un carter et un corps rotatif
EP2060342A1 (fr) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-20 General Electric Company Appareil et procédé de moulage directionnel à métal liquide
US10265764B2 (en) 2014-01-28 2019-04-23 General Electric Company Casting method and cast article
US9555471B2 (en) * 2014-01-28 2017-01-31 General Electric Company Casting method and cast article

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE570557A (fr) * 1957-08-26 1900-01-01
US3926245A (en) * 1973-09-28 1975-12-16 Gen Motors Corp Method for producing directionally solidified cast alloy articles and apparatus therefor
FR2604378B1 (fr) * 1978-06-30 1989-10-27 Snecma Appareillage de fonderie pour la fabrication de pieces metalliques moulees a structure orientee
FR2443302A1 (fr) * 1978-12-08 1980-07-04 Chumakov Vasily Procede de fabrication de pieces moulees a cristallisation orientee et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede
CH641985A5 (de) * 1979-08-16 1984-03-30 Sulzer Ag Verfahren zur herstellung gerichtet erstarrter gussstuecke.
GB8310852D0 (en) * 1983-04-21 1983-05-25 Ae Plc Casting articles by directional solidification

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104066533A (zh) * 2012-01-24 2014-09-24 斯奈克玛 使用失蜡铸造技术用于制造航空器涡轮机组带叶片构件和包括形成蓄热器的屏罩的外壳模具

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EP0477136A1 (fr) 1992-03-25
DE59103410D1 (de) 1994-12-08

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