EP0473233A1 - Hochfluss-Neutronenröhre - Google Patents

Hochfluss-Neutronenröhre Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0473233A1
EP0473233A1 EP91202149A EP91202149A EP0473233A1 EP 0473233 A1 EP0473233 A1 EP 0473233A1 EP 91202149 A EP91202149 A EP 91202149A EP 91202149 A EP91202149 A EP 91202149A EP 0473233 A1 EP0473233 A1 EP 0473233A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube according
neutron tube
anode
revolution
ion source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91202149A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0473233B1 (de
Inventor
Henri Société Civile S.P.I.D. Bernardet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SODERN SA
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
SODERN SA
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SODERN SA, Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical SODERN SA
Publication of EP0473233A1 publication Critical patent/EP0473233A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0473233B1 publication Critical patent/EP0473233B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H3/00—Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
    • H05H3/06—Generating neutron beams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J27/00—Ion beam tubes
    • H01J27/02—Ion sources; Ion guns
    • H01J27/04—Ion sources; Ion guns using reflex discharge, e.g. Penning ion sources

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a neutron tube comprising an ion source having at least one anode and at least one cathode having at least one extraction orifice and also comprising an acceleration device arranged so as to project at least one beam ion source ion on a target to produce a reaction leading to emission of neutrons.
  • Neutron tubes are most often in the form of sealed tubes containing a gaseous mixture of deuterium and tritium under low pressure from which the ion source forms a confined ionized gas.
  • the emission (or extraction) orifice is made in the cathode, the acceleration (and extraction) electrode making it possible to project the ion beam axially on a target electrode.
  • Plasma confinement can be obtained using magnetic and / or electric fields.
  • Neutron tubes are used in techniques for examining matter using fast, thermal, epithermal or cold neutrons: neutrography, activation analysis, spectrometry analysis of inelastic scattering or radiative captures, neutron scattering, etc.
  • the type of ion source that is most used is the Penning type source which has the advantage of being robust, of being cold cathode (hence a long service life), of giving currents significant discharge for low pressures (of the order of 10 A / torr), to have a high extraction efficiency (from 20 to 40%) and to be of small dimensions.
  • This type of source requires a magnetic field of the order of a thousand gauss, parallel to the axis of the ionization chamber, introducing a significant transverse inhomogeneity of current density of the ions inside the discharge and at the level of the extraction which takes place along the common axis of the field and the source.
  • the fusion reaction d (3 H ), 4 He ) n delivering 14 MeV neutrons is usually the most used because of its large cross section for relatively low ion energies.
  • the number of neutrons obtained per unit of charge passing through the beam is always increasing as the energy of the ions directed towards a thick target is itself increasing and this largely at the beyond the energies of the ions obtained in the sealed tubes currently available and supplied by a THT rarely exceeding 250 kV.
  • the erosion of the target by ion bombardment is one of the most determining.
  • Erosion is a function of the chemical nature and structure of the target on the one hand, the energy of the incident ions and their density distribution profile on the impact surface on the other.
  • the target is made of a hydrurable material (Titanium, Scandium, Zirconium, Erbium etc ...) capable of fixing and releasing large quantities of hydrogen without unacceptable disruption of its mechanical strength; the total quantity set is a function of the target temperature and the hydrogen pressure in the tube.
  • the target materials used are deposited in the form of thin layers, the thickness of which is limited by problems of adhesion of the layer to its support.
  • One way to delay erosion of the target is, for example, to form the absorbent active layer from a stack of identical layers isolated from each other by a diffusion barrier. The thickness of each of the active layers is of the order of the depth of penetration of the deuterium ions coming to strike the target.
  • Another way of protecting the target and therefore of increasing the lifetime of the tube consists in acting on the ion beam so as to improve its density distribution profile on the impact surface. At a constant total ion current on the target, which results in a constant neutron emission, this improvement results from a distribution as uniform as possible of the current density over the entire surface offered by the target to the ion bombardment.
  • a drawback results from the fact that the ions extracted and accelerated towards the target react with the molecules of the gas contained in the tube at a pressure, at first contrant order, to produce effects of ionization, dissociation and exchange of charges resulting on the one hand a decrease in the average energy on the target, that is to say a reduction in the production of neutrons and on the other hand the formation of ions and electrons which are then accelerated and bombard the ion source or the tube electrodes.
  • an average bombardment density of 0.5 mA, with a maximum of the order of 1 mA should make it possible to exceed one thousand hours of operation: as for the neutron level, for an acceleration voltage 250 kV, it would be around 3.10 10 n / cm. 2 s of 14 MeV neutrons. Obtaining a level of 10 13 n / s would require a target area of 300 cm 2 and 3000 cm 2 for 10 14 n / s.
  • the basic idea of the invention consists in carrying out an extraction of ions no longer axial, but radial on the one hand, starting from the recognition of the fact that it allows a reduction of the electric fields producing the cold emission of electrodes, and the resulting number of breakdowns, thanks to an asymmetry in the distribution of the electric field and other by the fact that it makes it possible to arrange the target cylindrically around the source of ions, from where an extremely gain important with regard to the size of a source with a high neutron flux.
  • a neutron tube according to the invention is thus characterized in that the ion source is arranged along at least a portion of a first surface of revolution and arranged to produce an emission of radial ions and directed towards the outside of said first surface, in that the acceleration device is arranged along at least a portion of a second surface of revolution surrounding said first surface, and in that the target is arranged along at least part of a third surface of revolution surrounding said second surface.
  • the radial extraction mode towards the outside partially eliminates the sheath effect due to the perimeter of the extraction electrode and results, all things being equal. moreover, an increase in the extraction efficiency of the source.
  • the tube according to the invention may comprise a device for suppressing secondary electrons known per se and arranged along at least a portion of a fourth surface of revolution comprised between the second and the third surface.
  • the acceleration device can advantageously be a cylindrical electrode.
  • the ion source consists of at least one elementary source with a Penning structure, which can in particular comprise a plurality of elementary sources arranged in at least portions of superimposed rings.
  • the first surface of revolution is a first cylinder and it comprises a first cylindrical magnet disposed on the smallest radius of the first cylinder, and at least a second cylindrical magnet contained in said cathode along the largest radius of the first cylinder, so as to produce a radial magnetic field.
  • An anode can be cylindrical or frustoconical of revolution. It can preferably be made up of two parallel discs or with a frustoconical section, which makes it possible to produce a single anode per ring, hence simplification of the production.
  • the extraction orifice can be an annular slot, which is favorable to the extraction efficiency.
  • the ion source consists of a structure of the inverted magnetron type.
  • a structure is usually used only as a measuring instrument (ionization gauge).
  • ionization gauge On this point one will refer to the work The Physical Basis of Ultrahigh Vacuum (Redhead et al National Research Council Ottawa, CDN edited by Chapman and Hall Ltd LONDON (GB), in its pages 333 and 334.
  • Such a device is used here as an ion source by providing at least one extraction opening in the cathode. At least one anode can be annular.
  • a third annular magnet can be arranged so as to produce a longitudinal magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field can be obtained by a solenoid surrounding the third (or if necessary the fourth) cylindrical surface and arranged to produce a longitudinal magnetic field.
  • a cylindrical anode can be arranged along the smallest radius of the first cylinder and extend substantially over the height of the first cylinder. It is thus possible to obtain with a single anode and a single cathode an emission on a surface of revolution, in particular cylindrical, elongated.
  • the ion source is of the orbitron type comprising a second cylindrical anode disposed along the smallest radius of the first cylinder and extending substantially over the height of said first cylinder.
  • the ion source may also include a hot cathode.
  • the ion source is of the electrostatic reflex type (SIRE) and has at least one annular anode, or advantageously a multiannular electrode.
  • SIRE electrostatic reflex type
  • FIG. 1 shows the main basic elements of a sealed neutron tube 11 containing a gaseous mixture under low pressure to be ionized such as deuterium-tritium and which comprises an ion source 1 and an acceleration electrode 2 between which exists a very high potential difference allowing the extraction and the focusing of the ion beam 3 and its projection on the target 4 where the fusion reaction takes place resulting in an emission of neutrons at 14 MeV for example.
  • a sealed neutron tube 11 containing a gaseous mixture under low pressure to be ionized such as deuterium-tritium and which comprises an ion source 1 and an acceleration electrode 2 between which exists a very high potential difference allowing the extraction and the focusing of the ion beam 3 and its projection on the target 4 where the fusion reaction takes place resulting in an emission of neutrons at 14 MeV for example.
  • the ion source 1 secured to an insulator 5 which can allow the THT supply connector, for example 250 kV (not shown) to pass, is a Penning type source for example, consisting of a cylindrical anode 6, of a cathode structure 7 in which is incorporated a magnet 8 with an axial magnetic field which confines the ionized gas 9 around the axis of the anode cylinder and whose lines of force 10 show a certain divergence.
  • An ion emission channel 12 is formed in said cathode structure opposite the anode.
  • the anode is brought to a higher potential of the order of a few (1 to 6 for example) kV than that of the cathode, itself brought to the very high voltage THT.
  • the acceleration electrode 2 and the target 4 are generally at ground potential.
  • a neutron tube is, according to the invention with radial emission and extraction.
  • the ion source consists of a plurality of sources of the Penning type, arranged according to a cylindrical symmetry (as shown) or else conical. To do this, it has an annular structure, or else a plurality of superimposed annular structures 20 (and of the same section in the case of a cylindrical symmetry).
  • Each annular structure 20 mechanically fixed on a central axis 18 brought to a high potential (200 to 250 kV) comprises a cylindrical magnet 8 on the smallest radius of the annular structure 20, and a flat ring 14, as well as a cylindrical part 8 'disposed on the largest radius of the annular structure 20.
  • the flat ring 14 forms a part of metallic structure holding the cylindrical magnet 8 and the cylindrical part 8' together, which can itself be constituted by a cylindrical magnet contained in the cathode structure 7.
  • the cathode 7 is then formed by the internal cylindrical surfaces corresponding on the one hand to the inner radius of lower value and on the other hand to the outer radius of higher value.
  • the cylindrical magnet 8 has a height at least equal to that of the cathode 7.
  • the flat ring due to the fact that it serves as a magnetic circuit, itself consists of magnetic material (soft iron or magnetic alloy for example).
  • a plurality of cylindrical anodes 6 are distributed radially around the periphery of the annular structure 20, and have substantially the same axis as the extraction openings 12 formed in the cylindrical part 8 'of the cathode structure 7.
  • An acceleration electrode 2 is in the form of a cylinder (or a cone) having acceleration openings 21 located opposite the openings 12.
  • the target has a cylindrical (or conical) support 4 on which the acceleration electrode 2 can be connected mechanically and electrically.
  • a tapered high-voltage insulator 5 mechanically holds the assembly.
  • the ion source can be arranged in such a way that the emission takes place over the entire periphery or only over a part or sector thereof.
  • the ring can extend over 360 or only over a more limited angle, and has openings 12 only at the useful places.
  • the openings 12 of two superimposed rings can be angularly offset for example for better homogeneity of the beam on the target.
  • a deuterium-tritium reservoir is shown at 23 as well as a pressure measurement gauge 22.
  • Electrodes 24 suppressing secondary electrons are arranged in intermediate planes between the rings, apart from the ion beams 3. Insulating bushings 25 distributed around the perimeter allow their mechanical fixing and / or their electrical supply.
  • the electrodes 24 are brought to a negative potential (-5 kV for example) relative to those of the acceleration electrode 2 and the target 4 grounded, and is advantageously made of a refractory material.
  • the electrodes 24 are preferably toric in V section to match the better the profile of the ion beams 3.
  • a second model of ion source structure still of the Penning type, consists in integrating the n cylindrical (or conical) ion source modules in an annular structure having close electrical mapping, the distribution of the magnetic field being similar to the former.
  • the anode of the structure consists of two parallel discs 16 or inclined 16 'relative to each other to better match the lines of force of the magnetic field.
  • the cathode 7 of the structure is formed by the internal cylindrical surfaces corresponding on the one hand to the inner radius of lower value and on the other hand to the outer radius of higher value, this latter surface is pierced over its entire length with a extraction slot 32 of height and depth coupled so as to avoid excessive penetration of the electric field applied by the acceleration electrode.
  • the magnetic field inside the structure must be greater than the cut-off field (value linked on the one hand to the geometric structure: distance between the two anode rings and to a lesser degree at the intercathode distance and on the other hand to the voltage applied between anode and cathode) that is to say to the magnetic field preventing electrons from reaching the anode from oscillations without ionizing shock.
  • the magnets used to produce this magnetic field consist as above of rings distributed in two assemblies held mechanically by metal carcasses 14 serving as a magnetic circuit (magnetic material).
  • the first set consists of two rings 8 'arranged on either side of the extraction slot.
  • the second magnet consists of a cylinder 8 whose thickness depends on the magnetic field necessary for the proper functioning of the source and the nature of the material used. Its height is at least equal to the height of the cathode 7.
  • annular structures corresponding to fig.3a, but of different radii, are stacked to form a frustoconical structure.
  • the acceleration electrode 2 and the target 4 can also be frustoconical.
  • the ion source is produced from a so-called "inverted magnetron" structure, known for producing an ionization gauge (book by Redhead et al supra).
  • the dimensions are practically identical to those of the Penning structure as well as the operating pressure and tensions.
  • the anode is constituted by a ring 40 (for example 3 cm high, on a radius of 5 cm) located inside the cathode cavity 42, the main element of which is constituted by the cylindrical cathode wall 41 separated into two parts by the extraction slot 32.
  • the height of an elementary cell can for example be 6 to 8 cm.
  • the electric field is, in this zone, radial and the confining magnetic field is generally perpendicular and therefore parallel to the axis of symmetry of the structure.
  • the electrons accelerated towards the anode are deflected towards the cathode by the magnetic field and describe cycloOlaes (figure 4b) on the basis of the cylindrical surface (or the equipotential surface) on which they were created.
  • the confining magnetic field can be created by magnets 48 in the form of discs arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry of the structure; these magnets 48 can be held mechanically on a metal support 43 acting as a magnetic circuit and whose diameter is less than the anode diameter. It can also be created by a coil 50 arranged outside the tube structure ( Figures 5 and 6) and leading to the production of a magnetic field greater than the cut-off field.
  • the coil 50 has a height which can advantageously be 1.5 to 2 times the total height of the cathode structures. This configuration can be advantageous in certain uses requiring braking of the neutrons, use of a heavy coiling material, cooled by circulation of water which can also be used for cooling the target.
  • the anode can be constituted (FIG. 5) by a ring 40 disposed in each cathode cavity 42 delimited by flat rings 52 of conductive material, the cathode being constituted by conductive rings 51 (for example 3 to 4 cm in height) integral with the flat rings 52 (for example 2 mm in height) between which there are extraction slots 32.
  • the anode is preferably made up (FIG. 6) by a single cylinder ( or truncated cone) 55 fixed by spacers 56, the flat rings 52 being removed.
  • the structures presented now include an ion source, radially extracted according to the invention, with an electric confining field.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show an orbitron structure having an anode 70 of small dimension (diameter for example between 0.05 and 0.1 cm), located on the axis of the cathode 51 (diameter for example between 10 and 15 cm).
  • This structure may be with a cold cathode (FIG. 7) and therefore requiring a high anode voltage and an operating pressure as well as possible within the range of 10- 4- 10- 3 torr or also having a hot cathode 71 (FIG. 8) , resulting in a larger extension of the operating range to low pressures.
  • the operating principle is as follows: the electrons emitted by the filaments or the cathodes are attracted to the anode; according to their angle of emission and their initial energy, they can "miss" the anode and thus oscillate for a long time inside the structure, the probability of ionization is thus strongly increased and a discharge, with formation of a plasma is created.
  • the ions are attracted to the cathode and their extraction is done through one where several cylindrical slots 32.
  • the extraction and the position of the slots 32 can be carried out in a similar manner to the inverted magnetron structure with solenoid.
  • the acceleration 2 and suppression 24 structure of the target's secondary electrons are similar to that of ion source systems with a confining magnetic field.
  • the shape and position of the suppressor electrode 24 must take account of the higher operating pressures, in accordance with the provisions taken in the aforementioned French patent n ° 88 13186.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show electrostatic reflex structures (SIRE) with cold cathode.
  • the anode 90 is close to the cylindrical cathode 51 (diameter of the cathode for example between 2 and 3 cm) and the electrons oscillate between the two plane sections of the cathode; the ion current density is much higher on the two flat sections of the cathode, in particular at low pressure (p ⁇ 10- 3 torr).
  • the radial extraction takes place via cylindrical slots 32 formed in the cylindrical wall of the cathode 51, under conditions similar to those of the inverted magnetron structure.
  • Their relative surface compared to the total surface of the cylindrical part of the cathode
  • the number of slots depends on the height of the structure of the ion source and its dimensions.
  • the number of annular anodes (circular or cylindrical section) cooled or not and arranged in the middle part between the extraction surfaces is a function of the height of the structure.
  • Figure 9 shows a structure with four extraction "rings"
  • Figure 10 shows a much higher neutron tube with N extraction structures (N> 4). In this case, an anode having several rings 91 is used.
  • the parts “acceleration” 2 and “suppression of secondary electrons” 24 are similar to those of structures with magnetic fields.
  • the diameter of the SIRE structure can be of the order of 10 to 15 cm. Their operating pressures are generally between 10 -3 torr and some 10- 2 torr, and tensions between some kV and 12 kV.
  • electrostatic structures their larger volume and their own configuration only allows a reduced number of complementary cells, knowing that the dimensions of the tube are close to those of magnetic field structures and that electrostatic structures are equipped with several extraction slots. It is also advantageous to modify the structures themselves (position and number of anodes in the SIRE structure, height of the cylindrical cathodes in the SIRE and orbitron structures).
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown. It also applies for example to neutron tubes in a Deuterium atmosphere only (production of 2.6 MeV neutrons).
  • pulsed operation is possible after placement in the ion source, in a manner known per se for axial emission sources, of an electron source or an emitter a and / or and / or producing the first electric particles therein, causing the ignition and the discharge in the ion source.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
EP91202149A 1990-08-31 1991-08-22 Hochfluss-Neutronenröhre Expired - Lifetime EP0473233B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9010873A FR2666477A1 (fr) 1990-08-31 1990-08-31 Tube neutronique a flux eleve.
FR9010873 1990-08-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0473233A1 true EP0473233A1 (de) 1992-03-04
EP0473233B1 EP0473233B1 (de) 1995-05-17

Family

ID=9399995

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91202149A Expired - Lifetime EP0473233B1 (de) 1990-08-31 1991-08-22 Hochfluss-Neutronenröhre

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5215703A (de)
EP (1) EP0473233B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH06342699A (de)
DE (1) DE69109776T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2666477A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0645947A1 (de) * 1993-09-29 1995-03-29 Societe Anonyme D'etudes Et Realisations Nucleaires - Sodern Neutronenröhre mit magnetischem Elektroneneinschluss durch Dauermagneten und dessen Herstellungsverfahren
US6939669B2 (en) 1996-07-10 2005-09-06 Meiji Dairies Corporation Expansion of hematopoietic cells using midkine or pleiotrophin

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3122081B2 (ja) * 1998-11-25 2001-01-09 石油公団 中性子発生管
US6441569B1 (en) 1998-12-09 2002-08-27 Edward F. Janzow Particle accelerator for inducing contained particle collisions
US6925137B1 (en) * 1999-10-04 2005-08-02 Leon Forman Small neutron generator using a high current electron bombardment ion source and methods of treating tumors therewith
US6907097B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2005-06-14 The Regents Of The University Of California Cylindrical neutron generator
GB0120280D0 (en) 2001-08-21 2001-10-17 Sved John Low degradation rate linear geometry neutron generator appartus using plasma gas target
US7342988B2 (en) * 2002-02-06 2008-03-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Neutron tubes
US7176469B2 (en) * 2002-05-22 2007-02-13 The Regents Of The University Of California Negative ion source with external RF antenna
US6975072B2 (en) * 2002-05-22 2005-12-13 The Regents Of The University Of California Ion source with external RF antenna
WO2006119080A2 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-09 Larsen Lewis G Apparatus and method for generation of ultra low momentum neutrons
EP1925000A4 (de) * 2005-06-29 2009-05-13 Univ Houston Miniaturneutronengenerator zur entdeckung aktiver nuklearmaterialien
US7596197B1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2009-09-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Gamma source for active interrogation
US20070237281A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2007-10-11 Scientific Drilling International Neutron generator tube having reduced internal voltage gradients and longer lifetime
US7659520B2 (en) * 2007-12-06 2010-02-09 Nextgen, Inc. Orbitron based stand-off explosives detection
US7639770B2 (en) * 2008-04-22 2009-12-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Cylindrical neutron generator
CN102084434B (zh) 2008-05-02 2016-01-20 阳光医疗技术公司 用于产生医用同位素的装置和方法
US8446096B1 (en) 2009-10-02 2013-05-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Terahertz (THz) reverse micromagnetron
US10978214B2 (en) 2010-01-28 2021-04-13 SHINE Medical Technologies, LLC Segmented reaction chamber for radioisotope production
US10734126B2 (en) 2011-04-28 2020-08-04 SHINE Medical Technologies, LLC Methods of separating medical isotopes from uranium solutions
EP2739764A4 (de) * 2011-08-03 2014-07-16 Inst Geolog Nuclear Sciences Ionenquelle
RU2477935C1 (ru) * 2012-03-01 2013-03-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова Российской академии наук Нейтронный генератор
RU2649662C2 (ru) 2012-04-05 2018-04-05 Шайн Медикал Текнолоджиз, Инк. Водная сборка и способ управления
GB201216368D0 (en) * 2012-09-13 2012-10-31 E2V Tech Uk Ltd Magnetron cathodes
CN104378905A (zh) * 2014-08-29 2015-02-25 常州博锐恒电子科技有限公司 一种强流中子发生装置
CA3061020A1 (en) 2017-04-20 2018-10-25 Philip Teague Near-field sensitivity of formation and cement porosity measurements with radial resolution in a borehole
CN109496051A (zh) * 2018-12-21 2019-03-19 北京中百源国际科技创新研究有限公司 一种用于增加低中子数量的慢化装置
RU209936U1 (ru) * 2021-11-24 2022-03-24 Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Автоматики Им.Н.Л.Духова" (Фгуп "Внииа") Импульсный нейтронный генератор

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3609369A (en) * 1967-04-10 1971-09-28 Instituttul De Fizica Atomica Neutron generator with radiation acceleration
US4529571A (en) * 1982-10-27 1985-07-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Single-ring magnetic cusp low gas pressure ion source
EP0362947A1 (de) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-11 Societe Anonyme D'etudes Et Realisations Nucleaires - Sodern Mit einer multizellulären Ionenquelle mit magnetischem Einschluss versehene abgeschmolzene Neutronenröhre

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL50089C (de) * 1937-01-23
US4996017A (en) * 1982-03-01 1991-02-26 Halliburton Logging Services Inc. Neutron generator tube
FR2637727A1 (fr) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-13 Realisations Nucleaires Et Tube neutronique muni d'une source d'ions a confinement electrostatique des electrons
FR2637724B1 (fr) * 1988-10-07 1990-12-28 Realisations Nucleaires Et Dispositif de perfectionnement de la source d'ions de type penning dans un tube neutronique
FR2637725A1 (fr) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-13 Sodern Dispositif d'extraction et d'acceleration des ions limitant la reacceleration des electrons secondaires dans un tube neutronique scelle a haut flux

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3609369A (en) * 1967-04-10 1971-09-28 Instituttul De Fizica Atomica Neutron generator with radiation acceleration
US4529571A (en) * 1982-10-27 1985-07-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Single-ring magnetic cusp low gas pressure ion source
EP0362947A1 (de) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-11 Societe Anonyme D'etudes Et Realisations Nucleaires - Sodern Mit einer multizellulären Ionenquelle mit magnetischem Einschluss versehene abgeschmolzene Neutronenröhre

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KERNENERGIE vol. 28, no. 11, Novembre 1985, BERLIN DD pages 433 - 442; JAHN ET AL: 'Intensive Neutronengeneratoren auf der Basis der DT-Reaktion' *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0645947A1 (de) * 1993-09-29 1995-03-29 Societe Anonyme D'etudes Et Realisations Nucleaires - Sodern Neutronenröhre mit magnetischem Elektroneneinschluss durch Dauermagneten und dessen Herstellungsverfahren
FR2710782A1 (fr) * 1993-09-29 1995-04-07 Sodern Tube neutronique à confinement magnétique des électrons par aimants permanents et son procédé de fabrication.
US6939669B2 (en) 1996-07-10 2005-09-06 Meiji Dairies Corporation Expansion of hematopoietic cells using midkine or pleiotrophin

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5215703A (en) 1993-06-01
DE69109776D1 (de) 1995-06-22
FR2666477A1 (fr) 1992-03-06
EP0473233B1 (de) 1995-05-17
DE69109776T2 (de) 1995-12-07
JPH06342699A (ja) 1994-12-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0473233B1 (de) Hochfluss-Neutronenröhre
FR2926668A1 (fr) Source d'electrons a base d'emetteurs de champs pour radiographie multipoint.
FR2679653A1 (fr) Vacumetre a ionisation.
EP0645947B1 (de) Neutronenröhre mit magnetischem Elektroneneinschluss durch Dauermagneten und dessen Herstellungsverfahren
EP0362947B1 (de) Mit einer multizellulären Ionenquelle mit magnetischem Einschluss versehene abgeschmolzene Neutronenröhre
FR2660999A1 (fr) Manometre ameliore a ionisation pour pressions tres faibles.
FR2667980A1 (fr) Source d'electrons presentant un dispositif de retention de matieres.
EP0362946A1 (de) Die Rückbeschleunigung von Sekundärelektronen begrenzende Ionenextraktions- und -beschleunigungseinrichtung in einer abgeschmolzenen Hochflup-Neutronenröhre
EP0340832B1 (de) Abgedichtete Hochfluss-Neutronenröhre
EP0077738B1 (de) Ionenquelle mit Gasionisierungsraum mit Elektronenschwingungen
WO2011151540A1 (fr) Dispositif de mesure de dose pour l'implantation ionique en mode immersion plasma
FR2551614A1 (fr) Source intense de rayons x mous, a compression cylindrique de plasma, ce plasma etant obtenu a partir d'une feuille explosee
EP0295743B1 (de) Ionenquelle mit vier Elektroden
EP0362953A1 (de) Mit einer Ionenquelle mit elektrostatischem Einschluss versehene abgeschmolzene Neutronenröhre
EP0362945A1 (de) Einrichtung zur Verbesserung der Penning-Ionenquelle in einer Neutronenröhre
EP0662607B1 (de) Ionisationssensor mit Mikropunktkathode
EP0300932B1 (de) ELektronenquelle
EP0362944A1 (de) Ionenextraktions- und -beschleunigungseinrichtung in einer abgeschmolzenen Hochfluss-Neutronenröhre mit Hinzufügung einer Hilfselektrode zur Vorbeschleunigung
FR2647593A1 (fr) Piege a ions de faible energie
FR2927761A1 (fr) Generateur de neutrons a foyer de plasma et procedes de fabrication de ce generateur
FR2933532A1 (fr) Dispositif generateur d'ions a resonance cyclotronique electronique
FR2645676A1 (fr) Cathode possedant une surface d'emission secondaire amelioree et amplificateur a champ croise contenant une telle cathode
FR2749703A1 (fr) Dispositif pour engendrer un champ magnetique et source ecr comportant ce dispositif
CH332317A (fr) Dispositif émetteur d'ions
FR2596579A1 (fr) Canon a particules electriques permettant l'emission pulsee de particules d'energie determinee

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19920727

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19940719

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69109776

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19950622

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19950724

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19970801

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19970819

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19971022

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980822

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19980822

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990601

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050822