EP0472008B1 - Filtre à particules régénérable par combustion pour les gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne - Google Patents

Filtre à particules régénérable par combustion pour les gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0472008B1
EP0472008B1 EP91112672A EP91112672A EP0472008B1 EP 0472008 B1 EP0472008 B1 EP 0472008B1 EP 91112672 A EP91112672 A EP 91112672A EP 91112672 A EP91112672 A EP 91112672A EP 0472008 B1 EP0472008 B1 EP 0472008B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
exhaust gas
housing
particle filter
filter material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91112672A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0472008A3 (en
EP0472008A2 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Pfister
Herbert Dipl.-Ing. Langen
Horst Dipl.-Ing. Jung
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eberspaecher Climate Control Systems GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG filed Critical J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0472008A2 publication Critical patent/EP0472008A2/fr
Publication of EP0472008A3 publication Critical patent/EP0472008A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0472008B1 publication Critical patent/EP0472008B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0212—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters with one or more perforated tubes surrounded by filtering material, e.g. filter candles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a particle filter for cleaning the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines with filter cartridges, which are arranged in a housing provided with an inlet chamber and an outlet funnel between holding plates and are formed from a support tube provided with exhaust gas passage openings and covered with filter material, and which also provide heat from a heat source is supplied for regeneration by free burning.
  • Particle filters of this type are required for cleaning exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, in particular in vehicles which are operated with diesel fuel, in order to filter out the soot particles which are harmful to health and represent a high and dangerous environmental impact.
  • the exhaust gas is filtered as it flows through a ceramic block (monolith), which has a large number of through-channels, of which one channel is closed like a chessboard and one channel is closed on the outlet side, so that the exhaust gas flows into one channel, then through the surrounding monolith section acting as a filter flows into the adjacent channel and leaves it, freed of soot particles.
  • a soot filter describes e.g. DE-OS 32 17 357.
  • filter cartridges for particle filtering.
  • These filter cartridges are preferably designed as a wound filter.
  • a support tube provided with exhaust gas passage openings wrapped in multiple layers with filter material threads, so that an element comparable to a textile yarn spool is created.
  • Such an arrangement shows, for example, DE-OS 38 15 148 with a special representation of the storage of the filter candles in holding plates.
  • the filter candles can also be formed by a hose cover made of filter material via a support tube according to DE-OS 38 23 205.
  • the filter candles are flowed through from the outside in, the exhaust gas to be cleaned enters the support pipes through the filter material, which are closed on the inlet side, the soot particles are retained when the wound filter material flows through, and the cleaned exhaust gas flows through the support pipes into the outlet funnel and is released by dissipated there.
  • the filter cartridges are arranged on concentric circles in the filter housing and are of a uniform design. Instead of the inlet-side holding plate provided with exhaust gas passage openings, a holding grille can also be arranged.
  • sooting occurs when it flows through the particle filter, ie the filter material becomes increasingly clogged with soot particles and the soot has to be removed after a relatively short period of operation.
  • Mechanical removal is practically out of the question, since the entire filter would have to be removed and the soot would have to be disposed of. It is therefore necessary to burn off the enriched soot.
  • oxidizing agents are added to the exhaust gas from a storage container as additives, so that the collected soot comes into contact with these reducing the soot ignition temperature and increasing the combustion rate and can be burned off at relatively low exhaust gas temperatures.
  • the invention has for its object to show a particle filter that enables regeneration while driving and in which a high degree of free burning is achieved over the entire length of the filter, so that the re-infusion time is approximately constant and corresponds to the first infusion time.
  • the solution to this problem is a generic particle filter in which filter candles of different active lengths are arranged equidistantly distributed over the cross section of the housing.
  • Active length is understood to mean the section of the filter candle covered with filter material.
  • a different active length can be formed in that the filter material occupancy is different over the length of the filter candle, for example, is stronger at the front when viewed in the direction of flow than in the following area.
  • This different occupancy can be different for the individual filter cartridges, so a different occupancy can be selected in the edge area of the filter than in the central (middle) area.
  • the strength of the occupancy can be selected according to the flow profile of the exhaust gas to be cleaned.
  • a particularly expedient continuation is characterized in that the length of the support tubes is covered with filter material to different degrees.
  • the filter candles designed as a wound filter can be produced in a simple and proven method in the same way and the filter candles can be inserted into flat holding plates in the filter housing due to the identical length of the support tubes.
  • the filter candles are arranged according to the flow profile of the exhaust gas flowing through, i.e. that the filter cartridges with the shorter active length are arranged radially on the outside in the housing.
  • the support tubes with a short filter material occupancy are arranged in the outer, radially more distant area of the housing.
  • FIG. 1 In the particulate filter example shown in FIG. 1, two variants are shown.
  • the exhaust gas to be cleaned is fed to the filter material above the filter space, in the illustration in the lower half the exhaust gas is supplied via the support tubes of the filter candles.
  • the version shown in the upper half represents a preferred arrangement.
  • the housing 1 shows a housing 1 with thermal insulation 4, which is required in order to maintain the free-burning temperature with the lowest possible energy supply and to protect the components surrounding the filter.
  • the housing 1 is subdivided into three chambers by an upstream holding base 3a which is fixedly arranged in the housing 1 and a downstream holding base 3b which is preferably arranged with a sliding seat.
  • the upstream inlet chamber 4, which is designed as a mixing chamber, is followed downstream by the filter chamber 5 between the holding plates 3a, 3b and the downstream outlet chamber 6, which is provided with an outlet funnel 7 and to which an exhaust gas outlet connection 8 is connected.
  • the radial or tangential supply of the exhaust gas to be cleaned takes place via at least one exhaust gas inlet connection 9 in the inlet chamber 4.
  • the required external heat supply also takes place via the connection 10, which in this exemplary embodiment also represents a suitable burner as it is is known for example from DE-OS 34 10 716.9.
  • a DE-OS 35 45 437.7 shows an example of an external heat supply at 10.
  • the filter candles 11 are arranged between the holding bases 3a, 3b. These consist of a support tube 12 which is provided with filter material 13 in the form of, for example, a ceramic ring winding.
  • the support tubes 12 have a perforation 14 for the passage of the exhaust gas, at least in the area covered by filter material 13.
  • the support tubes 12 are fixedly mounted in the holding plate 3a.
  • the other end of the support tubes 12 is also fixedly mounted in the holding plate 3b if the holding plate 3b is arranged with a sliding seat in the housing 1 or is mounted in the holding plate 3b with a sliding seat if the holding plate 3b is also arranged firmly in the housing 1.
  • This one-sided movable storage is required to accommodate the thermal change in length of the support tubes 12 during the free burning process.
  • the exhaust gas to be cleaned is supplied via the exhaust gas inlet connection 9 into the inlet chamber 4, into which additional heating is also carried out via the external heat supply at 10.
  • the preferred "flow from outside to inside" of the filter candles 11 is shown.
  • the exhaust gas to be cleaned loaded with soot particles, enters the filter chamber 5 from the inlet chamber 4 via inlet openings 15 arranged in the holding plate 3a. This is closed downstream by the holding plate 3b, so that the exhaust gas through filter material 13 enters through the perforation 14 in the support tube 12 and leaves this downstream open support tube 12 cleaned in the outlet chamber 6 and is discharged via the exhaust outlet port 8.
  • the holding base 3a on the downstream side is designed to be closed, while the holding base 3b on the downstream side has outflow openings 16 and the support tubes 12 which are open on the outlet side are closed in the other embodiment, so that the exhaust gas flowing into the support tubes 12 which are open on the inlet side is closed flows out through the filter material 13 into the filter chamber 5 and is discharged via the outflow openings 16.
  • the support tubes 12, which are open on the inlet side can have an integrally formed inlet tulip 17 in order to improve the inflow of the exhaust gas.
  • FIG. 3 A variant of a filter candle 11 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the different active length of the filter candle 11 is achieved in that on the support tube 12, in the example with an integrally formed inlet tulip 17, an occupancy of filter material 13 of different lengths over the length of the support tube 12 is made.
  • the support tube 12 is provided with the largest filter material occupancy in the downstream first section, in the second section there is a harmonious transition to a low filter material occupancy in the last section.
  • Such filter cartridges 11 are preferably used for particle filters for vehicles with load conditions with a low exhaust gas mass flow or with a strongly changing mass flow.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Filtre à particules pour purifier les gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne, comprenant des bougies filtrantes (11) réparties de façon équidistante sur la section transversale du carter (1) qui sont disposées dans un carter (1) muni d'une chambre d'admission (4) et d'un entonnoir d'échappement (7), entre des plaques de support (3a, 3b) et qui sont formées par un tube porteur (12) muni d'orifices (14) pour le passage des gaz d'échappement et recouvert d'un matériau filtrant (13) et par une source de chaleur (10) pour procéder à la régénération par combustion, caractérisé en ce que sont disposées des bougies filtrantes (11) ayant différentes longueurs actives.
  2. Filtre à particules selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que sur leur étendue longitudinale, les tubes porteurs (12) sont recouverts de matériau filtrant (13) sur différentes longueurs.
  3. Filtre à particules selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la disposition des bougies filtrantes (11) dans le carter (1) se fait conformément au profil de circulation des gaz d'échappement qui les traversent.
  4. Filtres à particules selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les tubes porteurs (12) qui sont recouverts de matériau filtrant sur une plus courte longueur sont disposés dans la zone extérieure du carter (1).
  5. Filtre à particules selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les tubes porteurs (12) sont exempts de perforations dans leur partie non recouverte de matériau filtrant.
EP91112672A 1990-08-21 1991-07-27 Filtre à particules régénérable par combustion pour les gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP0472008B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4026375 1990-08-21
DE4026375A DE4026375C1 (fr) 1990-08-21 1990-08-21

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0472008A2 EP0472008A2 (fr) 1992-02-26
EP0472008A3 EP0472008A3 (en) 1992-12-02
EP0472008B1 true EP0472008B1 (fr) 1994-07-06

Family

ID=6412600

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91112672A Expired - Lifetime EP0472008B1 (fr) 1990-08-21 1991-07-27 Filtre à particules régénérable par combustion pour les gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5138836A (fr)
EP (1) EP0472008B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE108244T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4026375C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2057680T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4111029C2 (de) * 1991-04-05 1995-08-31 Eberspaecher J Durch Freibrennen regenerierbarer Partikelfilter für die Abgase von Brennkraftmaschinen
WO1993000503A2 (fr) * 1991-06-27 1993-01-07 Donaldson Company, Inc. Dispositif piege a element filtre tubulaire
US5411758A (en) * 1991-10-09 1995-05-02 Norton Company Method of making synthetic diamond wear component
DE4200100A1 (de) * 1992-01-03 1993-07-08 Ernst Apparatebau Gmbh & Co Russfilter fuer dieselmotoren
US5224973A (en) * 1992-04-20 1993-07-06 Donaldson Company, Inc. Filter cartridge for trap apparatus
DE4226901C2 (de) * 1992-08-14 2002-03-07 Ernst Appbau Gmbh & Co Rußfilter mit Heißgaserzeuger
DE4229723C1 (en) * 1992-09-05 1993-09-16 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Regeneratable filter unit of modular structure - for particle removal from diesel exhaust gas
US5396764A (en) * 1994-02-14 1995-03-14 Ford Motor Company Spark ignition engine exhaust system
US5771683A (en) * 1995-08-30 1998-06-30 Southwest Research Institute Active porous medium aftertreatment control system
DE19701684A1 (de) * 1997-01-20 1998-07-23 Deutz Ag Partikelfilter
DE19810738C1 (de) * 1998-03-12 1999-04-22 Hjs Fahrzeugtechnik Gmbh & Co Einrichtung zum Reinigen von Abgasen eines Dieselmotors
DE20022035U1 (de) 2000-12-29 2002-02-28 Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef Filtereinrichtung
WO2007131083A2 (fr) * 2006-05-03 2007-11-15 Sabertec L.L.C. Dispositif et procédé pour la réduction des gaz polluants
US20080236118A1 (en) * 2007-03-27 2008-10-02 Meyer Robert L Exhaust particulate filter for a machine engine system and assembly method therefor
US8444729B2 (en) * 2007-11-26 2013-05-21 Caterpillar Inc. Electrically regenerated exhaust particulate filter having non-axial regeneration flame propagation
US7981174B2 (en) * 2007-11-26 2011-07-19 Caterpillar Inc. Electrically regenerated exhaust particulate filter for an engine system and operating strategy therefor
DE102008033842A1 (de) * 2008-07-19 2010-02-18 Karl-Heinz Grywotz Automobiltechnik GmbH Partikelfilter für Diesel- und Otto-Motoren
US20180345192A1 (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-12-06 Jonell filtration Products, Inc. Variable length filter elements, apparatus comprising such filter elements, and methods of making and using such elements and apparatus

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3217357A1 (de) * 1982-05-08 1983-11-10 Fa. J. Eberspächer, 7300 Esslingen Einrichtung zur verminderung des russanteils im abgas von brennkraftmaschinen
US4478618A (en) * 1983-08-01 1984-10-23 General Motors Corporation Diesel exhaust particulate trap with plural filter tubes
US4925463A (en) * 1986-05-30 1990-05-15 Dieter Kuhnert Exhaust gas cleaning system for diesel engines
DE3815148A1 (de) * 1988-05-04 1989-11-16 Eberspaecher J Anordnung zur lagerung eines von abgas durchstroemten filters in einem metallischen gehaeuse
DE3823205A1 (de) * 1988-07-08 1990-01-11 Eberspaecher J Russfilterkerze fuer die reinigung von abgasen und aus russfilterkerzen gebildete russfilteranordnung
DE3836697A1 (de) * 1988-10-28 1990-05-03 Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr Regenerative einrichtung zur russabscheidung aus den abgasen von dieselmotoren
US5024249A (en) * 1989-05-17 1991-06-18 Carol Botsolas Specialized one-piece pipefitting cover for insulated strainer and lateral 45 degree -Y
US5065574A (en) * 1990-05-29 1991-11-19 Caterpillar Inc. Particulate trap regeneration apparatus and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59102111D1 (de) 1994-08-11
ES2057680T3 (es) 1994-10-16
US5138836A (en) 1992-08-18
EP0472008A3 (en) 1992-12-02
DE4026375C1 (fr) 1992-01-30
EP0472008A2 (fr) 1992-02-26
ATE108244T1 (de) 1994-07-15

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