EP0470720B1 - Einstückiger flexibler Rasierkopf - Google Patents

Einstückiger flexibler Rasierkopf Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0470720B1
EP0470720B1 EP91306629A EP91306629A EP0470720B1 EP 0470720 B1 EP0470720 B1 EP 0470720B1 EP 91306629 A EP91306629 A EP 91306629A EP 91306629 A EP91306629 A EP 91306629A EP 0470720 B1 EP0470720 B1 EP 0470720B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
razor head
flexible razor
flexible
integrally formed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91306629A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0470720A1 (de
Inventor
Evan N. Chen
Edward S. Butlin
C. Edward Butlin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Warner Lambert Co LLC
Original Assignee
Warner Lambert Co LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Warner Lambert Co LLC filed Critical Warner Lambert Co LLC
Publication of EP0470720A1 publication Critical patent/EP0470720A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0470720B1 publication Critical patent/EP0470720B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/40—Details or accessories
    • B26B21/4012—Housing details, e.g. for cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/40—Details or accessories
    • B26B21/4012—Housing details, e.g. for cartridges
    • B26B21/4018—Guard elements

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a flexible razor head and, more particularly, to a one-piece, integrally formed, flexible razor head.
  • Razor heads which are flexible along their longitudinal axes have been disclosed in the art. Many of these razor heads require the assembly of several separate pieces such as a cap, a spacer, one or more blades and a blade platform. This assembly process is time consuming and costly. Furthermore, the requirement that these pieces are manipulated either manually or automatically, is generally considered to place restrictions on the type of materials which may be used in their manufacture. The materials used must be substantially rigid to withstand the assembly process while meeting the specification tolerances necessary to properly join with the other pieces. It would, therefore, be desirably to provide a flexible razor head having integrally formed elements which would therefore eliminate the need for the assembly of a number of elements.
  • EP A 314 266 discloses a flexible razor head having the features of the precharacterising clause of claim 1. The component parts of this razor head are not integrally formed.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a flexible razor head comprising: an upper blade and a lower blade having respective cutting edges; a blade support comprising at least two blade platforms and at least one corrugation disposed between two of said blade platforms; and a plurality of discrete blade retainers disposed above and adjacent to said upper blade wherein said lower blade comprises a lower securing hole, said upper blade comprises an upper securing hole positioned substantially above said lower securing hole, and said flexible razor head further comprises a securing member extending through said lower securing hole and said upper securing hole; characterised in that the blade retainers are integrally formed with said blade support and wherein said securing member is integrally formed with a blade platform and a blade retainer.
  • the lower securing hole is substantially centrally located in said lower blade.
  • each blade retainer is discrete with respect to other blade retainers.
  • the integrally formed flexible razor head of the present invention does not have a continuous cap member commonly found in commercially available razor heads.
  • the flexible razor head comprises at least three blade retainers and more preferably the razor head comprises at least seven blade platforms with a corrugation between adjoining blade platforms and at least seven discrete blade retainers each integrally formed with one of said blade platforms.
  • the blades are separated by at least one spacer which is integrally formed with said blade support.
  • Each of the blade retainers is separated by a discrete spacer.
  • the lower blade is directly affixed to a plurality of blade platforms.
  • the lower blade comprises a first positioning hole and a second positioning and said first positioning hole is larger than said second positioning hole and the lower blade is attached to a platform member with a securing member which extends through said first positioning hole.
  • a plurality of guard members are disposed forwardly of said cutting edge and integrally formed with said blade support and the guard members are each supported by a guard support, each of said guard supports being integrally formed with one of said blade platforms.
  • the razor head comprises means for attaching it to a razor, the means comprising two slots integrally formed in the bottom of said blade support and adapted to receive an outwardly biased attachment member of a razor.
  • the attachment means further comprises an attachment neck which extends lower than the guard supports.
  • the present invention comprises an integrally-molded, flexible razor head wherein all elements, except the blade or blades, are formed as a single piece.
  • the integral formation of the present flexible razor head eliminates the time consuming and costly assembly steps necessary in the manufacture of flexible razor heads formed of separate pieces.
  • the flexible razor head of the present invention also provides controlled shaving geometry without the use of a continuous cap found in most commercially available razor heads.
  • the term "razor head” is meant to include cartridges which are manufactured and typically marketed separate from razors, as well as disposable razors which are formed with a handle and do not require the attachment of separate pieces by the consumer.
  • Figure 1 illustrates one preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein the flexible razor head 10 comprises an upper blade 20, a lower blade 30, a plurality of discrete retaining members 40, guard members 50, and side supports 80.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the flexible razor head illustrated in Figure 1 showing the side portion of side supports 80, as well as a side view of attachment neck 90.
  • FIG 3 is a perspective, top view of the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in Figure 1.
  • This top view also provides a clearer view of the relative positioning of cutting edges 21, 31 of upper blade 20 and lower blade 30, respectively.
  • the blade retainers 40 extend to positions above and adjacent to the top surface of the upper blade 20. Blade retainers 40 overlap upper blade 20, preferably extending at least about 50% and most preferably about 70% to about 90% of the distance from the rear edge of upper blade 20 to cutting edge 21.
  • the retainer members 40 which are integrally formed with blade platform 70 and spacer 100 thereby maintain the vertical positioning of the blades.
  • blade retainers 40 are discretely formed without connections and therefore do not form a single, unitary cap member found in many commercially available razor heads.
  • the two end blade retainers 40 are connected to respective side supports 80 via molded connecting member 83.
  • Connecting members 83 are designed to minimize the risk of exposure of either or both of the blades if the razor head 10 is misused by a person applying an outward, lateral force to side supports 80.
  • side supports 80 comprise upper side retainers 81 and lower guard portions 82.
  • Upper side portions 81 are located above and adjacent to the upper blade 20 to retain the upper blade against the spacers 100 and also to control the blade geometry along the side portions of the flexible razor head 10.
  • lower guard portions 82 cover the forward corners of lower blade 30 while also serving as a guard member to control the blade geometry.
  • the bottom of lower blade 30 is supported by a plurality of blade platforms 70 which are integrally formed with corrugations 60 and each preferably have a substantially planar upper portion 76 adjacent to lower blade 30.
  • a spacer 100 is preferably provided between upper blade 20 and lower blade 30 proximate each retaining member 40.
  • the spacer 100 is preferably positioned substantially centrally with respect to the width of the corresponding blade retainer 40 and blade platform 70.
  • Spacer 100 maintains a predetermined space, for example about 0.2 inches (0.5 cm), between lower blade 30 and upper blade 20.
  • spacer 100 is integrally formed with blade retainer 40. A discrete spacer 100 may be provided for each blade retainer 40.
  • flexible razor head 10 is provided with corrugations 60 between adjoining blade platforms 70.
  • the corrugations are integrally formed with retainer members 40.
  • the positioning of corrugations 60 on both sides of a blade platform 70 is shown in Figure 10 which is a cross-sectional view along lines 10-10 of Figure 3.
  • Corrugations 60 may be formed in a generally U-shape with a rounded lower portion or may be formed with two vertical side portions and a lower horizontal segment connecting the vertical side walls. Other shapes are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. Corrugations 60 allow relative movement between neighbouring blade platforms 70 during the flexing of flexible razor head 10.
  • corrugation is meant to include a resilient connector disposed between adjoining blade platforms and having a length greater than the "normal" distance between those adjoining blade platforms, i.e. the gap existing when the flexible razor head is in a substantially linear configuration and is not subject to external forces such as those encountered during shaving.
  • the corrugations of the present invention are longer than the "normal” distance and are preferably at least about 20% longer than the normal distance.
  • the corrugations may be formed with sidewalls having sections with different thicknesses in order to further increase the flexibility of the blade support.
  • a guard support 55 depends downwardly and forwardly from each blade platform 70 in the illustrated preferred embodiment. As illustrated more clearly in the bottom view of Figure 6, each guard support 55 extends from a rearward position between corrugations 60 to a position forward of cutting edge 31 to support guard members 50.
  • discrete guard members 50 provide a function similar to a continuous guard bar in providing a suitable blade geometry to the flexible shaving head 10 of the present invention, while providing greater flexibility than a conventional continuous guard bar formed of the same materials.
  • FIGs 7 and 8 illustrate an upper blade 20 and a lower blade 30, respectively, used in the illustrated embodiment of the present invention.
  • Both upper blade 20 and lower blade 30 comprise a forward cutting edge 21, 31 and side positioning slots 23, 33 and 24, 34.
  • left side slots 23, 33 may be formed with a shape different from right side slots 24, 34 in order to ensure proper positioning within a mold cavity.
  • Each blade is also preferably provided with a generally centrally located hole 25, 35.
  • a securing member 105 which is integrally formed with central blade retainer 40 and central blade platform 70, passes through both of these centrally located holes 25, 35. In the illustrated preferred embodiment of the present invention, these central holes 25 35 are the only positions where a securing member passes entirely through both blades.
  • lower blade 30 is secured at mid-holes 36, 37 to a number of discrete blade platforms 70 which are movable relative to each other as explained above.
  • the mid-holes 36, 37 of lower blade 30 receive securing members during the formation of the flexible razor head 10.
  • left position hole 38 which is preferably larger than the right position hole 39, also receives some thermoplastic material which also may tend to fasten lower blade 30 to a corresponding blade platform 70.
  • upper blade 20 receives thermoplastic material through oblong, right positioning hole 29 but not at left positioning hole 28.
  • Razor head 10 is preferably formed by injection molding by first placing lower blade 30 into a mold with locating pins extending from the bottom of the mold cavity through positioning holes 38 and 39. A mold cavity spacer is then positioned on top of bottom blade 30 and upper blade 20 is then positioned on the same positioning pins which extend through positioning holes 28, 29. The placement of the blades 20, 30 on the pins is facilitated by providing each blade with one oblong positioning hole as illustrated. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mold member positioned between the blades is designed to prevent the flow of thermoplastic material where such material is not ultimately desired.
  • thermoplastic material such as polypropylene
  • polypropylene a thermoplastic material
  • polyethylene other material may be used in the preferred molding process of the present invention such as polyethylene.
  • Polypropylene has been found to be desirable since it allows the desired amount of flexibility and cost effective manufacturing while providing adequate support for the blades and sufficient rigidity to maintain the desired blade geometry.
  • Polypropylene also provides a low mold temperature relative to other materials known in the art for the formation of razor heads. This low mold temperature is desirable if a shaving aid is to be added to the flexible razor head in a sequential molding process.
  • a flexible razor head of the present invention is adapted to be supported by a razor mechanism (illustrated partially in phantom in Fig. 9) having outwardly biased attachment members.
  • the illustrated flexible razor head 10 is shown in Figure 6 as having an attachment slot 110 defined by outer sidewalls 115 and 120, inner wall 135, outer wall 140, and slot cover plates 150 and 160 having inner edges 151 and 161, respectively.
  • Inner wall 135 has an inner wall slot 180 defined by inner side walls 125 and 130.
  • the slot cover plates 150 and 160 cover the outer ends of the slot 110 but, as shown in Figure 6, leave a portion of the inner end of slot 110 and the entire central region of slot 110 uncovered for the passage of an attachment member of a razor.
  • the outwardly biased arms are advantageously designed to maintain the razor cartridge in a substantially linear configuration in the absence of shaving forces.
  • attachment neck 90 is designed to provide a greater bearing surface for a razor attachment member (shown in phantom) thereby reducing the potential for flexible razor head to rock when attached to a razor mechanism.
  • a flexible razor head of the present invention may also be designed to receive one or more additional elements such as a shaving aid in a subsequent molding or assembly step.
  • a blade retainer may be formed with depressions designed to receive a shaving aid.
  • the completed flexible razor head could then be subjected to a supplemental molding step wherein a shaving aid is sequentially molded into the recesses in the blade retainers.
  • one or more of the blade retainers 140 is initially molded with a receptacle 142 having flexible sidewalls 143.
  • the initially molded flexible razor head 110 is then subjected to a subsequent molding step wherein side walls 143 are first bent downwardly into receptacle 142 and then a shaving aid is injected into receptacle 142.
  • Figures 13 and 14 illustrate the final positioning of the shaving aid 145 on blade retainers 140.
  • the cut away view of Figure 14 illustrates the positioning of sidewall 143 below the shaving aid 145 in the final flexible razor head of this embodiment.
  • Exemplary materials constituting the shaving aid may comprise one or various combinations of the following:
  • the configuration of the shaving aid, its plate of application to the razor cartridge, the manner of attachment and/or other means and method of incorporation may vary widely to fit particular requirements.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
  • Display Devices Of Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
  • Impact Printers (AREA)
  • Irons (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Outer Garments And Coats (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10), umfassend:
       eine obere Klinge (20) und eine untere Klinge (30) mit jeweiligen Schneidkanten (21 bzw. 31),
       ein(en) Klingenträger oder -lager mit mindestens zwei Klingenauflagen (70) und mindestens einer zwischen zwei der Klingenauflagen (70) angeordneten Wellung (60) und
       mehrere diskrete, über und neben der oberen Klinge (20) angeordnete Klingenhalter (40), wobei die untere Klinge (30) ein unteres Befestigungsloch (35) aufweist, die obere Klinge (20) ein im wesentlichen über dem unteren Befestigungsloch (35) positioniertes oberes Befestigungsloch (25) aufweist und der flexible Rasiererkopf (10) ferner ein sich durch das untere Befestigungsloch (35) und das obere Befestigungsloch (25) erstreckendes Befestigungselement (105) umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
       die Klingenhalter (40) materialeinheitlich mit dem Klingenlager geformt sind und daß das Befestigungselement (105) materialeinheitlich mit einer Klingenauflage (70) und einem Klingenhalter (40) geformt ist.
  2. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rasiererkopf (10) mindestens drei Klingenhalter (40) aufweist.
  3. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der flexible Rasiererkopf (10) mindestens sieben Klingenauflagen (70) mit (je) einer Wellung (60) zwischen aneinander angrenzenden Klingenauflagen (70) aufweist.
  4. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach Anspruch 2, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens sieben diskrete Klingenhalter (40), die jeweils mit einer der Klingenauflagen (70) materialeinheitlich geformt sind.
  5. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klingen (20, 30) durch mindestens ein mit dem Klingenlager materialeinheitlich geformtes Abstandstück (100) (voneinander) getrennt sind.
  6. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für jeden der Klingenhalter (40) (je) ein diskretes Abstandstück (100) vorgesehen ist.
  7. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das untere Befestigungsloch (35) in der unteren Klinge (30) im wesentlichen zentral bzw. mittig angeordnet ist.
  8. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die untere Klinge (30) an mehreren der Klingenauflagen (70) unmittelbar befestigt ist.
  9. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die untere Klinge (30) ein erstes Positionierloch (38) und ein zweites Positionierloch (39) aufweist und das erste Positionierloch (38) größer ist als das zweite Positionierloch (39).
  10. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die untere Klinge (30) an einem Auflagenelement (70) mittels eines das erste Positionierloch (38) durchsetzenden Befestigungselements angebracht ist.
  11. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine Anzahl von Schutzelementen (50), die vorderhalb der Schneidkante (21 oder 31) angeordnet und mit dem Klingenlager materialeinheitlich ausgebildet sind.
  12. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzelemente (50) jeweils von einem Schutzträger (55) getragen sind und daß jeder der Schutzträger (55) mit einer der Klingenauflagen (70) materialeinheitlich ausgebildet ist.
  13. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch ein Mittel zum Anschließen des flexiblen Rasiererkopfes (10) an einem Rasierapparat.
  14. Flexibler Rasiererkopf (10) nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Anschlußmittel zwei in der Unterseite des Klingenlagers (aus)geformte Schlitze (110, 180) umfaßt, welche ein in Auswärtsrichtung vorbelastetes Anschlußelement eines Rasierapparats aufzunehmen vermögen.
  15. Flexibler Rasiererkopf nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Anschlußmittel einen Anschlußhals (90) umfaßt, der sich zu einer tieferen Lage als die Schutzträger (55) erstreckt.
  16. Flexibler Rasiererkopf nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Klingenlager und die Klingenhalter (40) aus Polypropylen bestehen.
EP91306629A 1990-08-07 1991-07-22 Einstückiger flexibler Rasierkopf Expired - Lifetime EP0470720B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US56392690A 1990-08-07 1990-08-07
US563926 1990-08-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0470720A1 EP0470720A1 (de) 1992-02-12
EP0470720B1 true EP0470720B1 (de) 1994-12-28

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91306629A Expired - Lifetime EP0470720B1 (de) 1990-08-07 1991-07-22 Einstückiger flexibler Rasierkopf

Country Status (18)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0470720B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3115910B2 (de)
KR (1) KR920004099A (de)
CN (1) CN1058742A (de)
AT (1) ATE116184T1 (de)
AU (1) AU647162B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9103384A (de)
CA (1) CA2046353C (de)
DE (1) DE69106270T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2066359T3 (de)
FI (1) FI913715A (de)
GR (1) GR3014917T3 (de)
IL (1) IL99059A0 (de)
NO (1) NO913055L (de)
NZ (1) NZ239262A (de)
PT (1) PT98579A (de)
TR (1) TR25782A (de)
ZA (1) ZA916188B (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0619117U (ja) * 1992-07-31 1994-03-11 ミツミ電機株式会社 フロッピーディスクドライブ用磁気ヘッド
US5331740A (en) * 1992-10-08 1994-07-26 The Gillette Company Shaving system
US5276967A (en) * 1993-04-29 1994-01-11 Warner-Lambert Company Flexible razor unit employing corrugated spacer
EP0658134B1 (de) * 1993-08-16 1997-11-19 Warner-Lambert Company Flexibler rasierkopf mit erhöhter spülfähigkeit
JPH09501076A (ja) * 1993-08-16 1997-02-04 ワーナー−ランバート・カンパニー 洗浄性が向上したカミソリヘッド
US5781997A (en) * 1997-01-17 1998-07-21 Warner-Lambert Company Ultra-flexible shaving cartridge
CA2223161A1 (en) * 1997-01-17 1998-07-17 Warner-Lambert Company Razor heads having independently flexible blades
JP4937472B2 (ja) * 2001-07-18 2012-05-23 株式会社貝印刃物開発センター 安全かみそり
US6839968B2 (en) 2002-05-09 2005-01-11 The Gillette Company Shaving systems
US6852262B2 (en) 2002-05-09 2005-02-08 The Gillette Company Insert molding razor cartridges

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4409735A (en) * 1976-08-18 1983-10-18 Warner-Lambert Company Safety razor
US4443939A (en) * 1982-04-30 1984-04-24 Warner-Lambert Company Flexible razor blade cartridge
US4535537A (en) * 1984-09-12 1985-08-20 Warner-Lambert Company Disposable plastic razor
US4854043A (en) * 1987-10-30 1989-08-08 Warner-Lambert Company Flexible razor head
TR22895A (tr) * 1988-05-02 1988-10-11 Permatik Celik Ve Plastik San Platform ve bashk kisimlarinin tamami yardimci tiras malzemesi katkisiyla ueretilen,sulu ortamda kaygan zemin olusturan,bir veya cok bicakh tiras ueniteleri

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Publication number Publication date
CA2046353C (en) 1999-11-16
JPH04240471A (ja) 1992-08-27
FI913715A0 (fi) 1991-08-05
NZ239262A (en) 1993-12-23
JP3115910B2 (ja) 2000-12-11
FI913715A (fi) 1992-02-08
EP0470720A1 (de) 1992-02-12
ZA916188B (en) 1992-04-29
BR9103384A (pt) 1992-05-12
DE69106270T2 (de) 1995-06-22
CA2046353A1 (en) 1992-02-08
NO913055D0 (no) 1991-08-06
ATE116184T1 (de) 1995-01-15
PT98579A (pt) 1993-09-30
KR920004099A (ko) 1992-03-27
TR25782A (tr) 1993-09-01
ES2066359T3 (es) 1995-03-01
NO913055L (no) 1992-02-10
DE69106270D1 (de) 1995-02-09
CN1058742A (zh) 1992-02-19
AU647162B2 (en) 1994-03-17
IL99059A0 (en) 1992-07-15
GR3014917T3 (en) 1995-05-31
AU8168391A (en) 1992-02-13

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