EP0469360B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation humide de mélanges hétérogènes contenant des solides de densités différentes - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation humide de mélanges hétérogènes contenant des solides de densités différentes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0469360B1
EP0469360B1 EP91111589A EP91111589A EP0469360B1 EP 0469360 B1 EP0469360 B1 EP 0469360B1 EP 91111589 A EP91111589 A EP 91111589A EP 91111589 A EP91111589 A EP 91111589A EP 0469360 B1 EP0469360 B1 EP 0469360B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
discrimination
tank
fractions
chamber
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91111589A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0469360A3 (en
EP0469360A2 (fr
Inventor
Francesco Ferrero
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO SpA
Ferrero SpA
Original Assignee
OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO SpA
Ferrero SpA
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Publication date
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Priority to AT91111589T priority Critical patent/ATE100734T1/de
Publication of EP0469360A2 publication Critical patent/EP0469360A2/fr
Publication of EP0469360A3 publication Critical patent/EP0469360A3/en
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Publication of EP0469360B1 publication Critical patent/EP0469360B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/32—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions using centrifugal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/62—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by hydraulic classifiers, e.g. of launder, tank, spiral or helical chute concentrator type
    • B03B5/623—Upward current classifiers

Definitions

  • This invention covers the implementation of a system, preferentially but not exclusively devised for discrimination of solid fractions having differentiated density in heterogeneous mixtures using water as a fluid and in particular for discrimination of putrescible organic fractions of solid urban waste to be converted into compost or used for biogas production.
  • This invention will make it possible almost completely to separate the heavy components in the raw organic fraction (glass, fragments of pottery, stones, metal, rigid plastic material, cells and heavy inert matter of any kind) from the lighter fractions (paper, organic matter etc.).
  • sink-float To separate a heterogeneous mixture of solids having different density values into two (or even more than two) fractions, known, so called “sink-float", systems may be used based upon usually dense liquids in which some solids may float while others will sink to the bottom.
  • Water too may permit, within well defined limits, sink-float operations to separate materials having a higher than 1 density from those whose density is less than 1, i.e. having a lower density than water.
  • US-A-4 416 764 and US-A-1 996 547 disclose methods and apparatuses for separating fine granular materials as sands, comprising a unique tank provided with central agitator.
  • This tank presents an inlet duct for introducing the mixture, an upper conduct for discharging the lighter fractions and presents a bottom opening for discharging the heavy fractions, which are picked up by a conveyor.
  • This invention has the aim to make it possible to take advantage of gravitational separation in water since this method is most economic because of its low operating cost.
  • the invention provides for a cylindrical discrimination chamber having a truncated cone shaped bottom, placed inside an external settling basin filled with water.
  • These two settling and discrimination tanks have an open bottom.
  • the system is completed by a screw distributor located in the lower part of the discrimination tank and a propelling impeller mounted below the dispersion tank just above the distributor, in order to generate adequate current flows to complete the required sorting.
  • the separator is essentially consisting of four assemblies which will be described hereinafter.
  • the first assembly is consisting of a cyclindrical discrimination tank 1 with truncated cone-shaped bottom which is kept constantly filled with water, surrounding and supporting - by means of four tie rods 32 - the coaxial dispersion chamber 2 with an open truneated cone-shaped bottom, which is completely immersed in the liquid and in which the mixture to be processed is fed through the channel 3 together with most of the process water .
  • the discrimination tank 1 has an overflow 4 through which excess water is discharged together with any supernatant fractions of the mixture which are collected in the ring-shaped effluent channel 5 and are drained through the outlet 6 connected to the channel 5.
  • the lower orifice 7 of the discrimination tank 1 is hydraulically closed.
  • the heavy inert fractions such as glass, stones, metals, cells etc. are discharged through this orifice and are then mechanically removed as will be explained hereinafter.
  • a "spiral chamber" for distribution of the make-up water 8 is located outside the terminal cone of the discrimination tank, immediately above the orifice 7; this spiral chamber lets the water into the tank 1 by means of the guide vanes 9 conveying the water entering the tube 10, in the correct flow direction of the fluid .
  • the second assembly is consisting of a propelling unit located inside the discrimination tank 1 along its central vertical axis XX; this propeller is essentially consisting of a geared motor 11, a shaft coinciding with the XX axis and an impeller 13 forged into the shape of an upside-down "chinese hat” fitted with upper and lower radial vanes (fig.3).
  • the "propeller” assembly is completed by a base supporting the geared motor unit and a flexible coupling 15 connecting the driving unit to the impeller shaft.
  • the latter is supported by two water lubricated bushes 16 and 17 mounted at the upper and lower end of the casing 18 resting on the flange 19 with the fitting 20 through which pressurized clean water can be let into the casing 18 for lubrication of the bushes 16 and 17.
  • the impeller is located below the lower orifice of the dispersion chamber 2 and above the row of guide vanes 9 of the spiral chamber 8 as illustrated in fig.1.
  • the third assembly is consisting of a settling basin 21 surrounding the discrimination tank 1 and extending above the upper level of the fluid overflowing from the spillway 4 of the discrimination chamber 1.
  • the settling basin 21 has two vertical and parallel sides 22 and 23, separated by a third polygonal traverse wall 24 at right angles to the walls 22 and 23 so as to form the bottom of the sattling basin 21.
  • Fig. 1 clearly shows that the polygonal wall 24 is consisting of an initial section a , followed by a sub-vertical section b , a horizontal section c and a final section d gently sloping upwards and extending well beyond the free surface of the liquid.
  • the section d of the polygonal wall 24 has an opening with a discharge nozzle 25 at its upper end, well above the liquid surface.
  • the settling basin 21 is communicating with the discrimination tank 1 by means of the orifice 7. Basin 21 and tank 1 are both filled with water and will have the same free surface level e , l according to the principle of communicating vessels.
  • the fourth assembly is consisting of a chain scraper 27 having the task to collect the heavy inert fractions, discharged through the lower orifice 7 of the discrimination tank 1 into the settling basin 21 where they settle on the bottom of the basin.
  • the chain scraper 27 is fitted with scraper blades 28 slowly grazing the bottom and dredging the deposited material, dragging it along the section d of the bottom wall 24 of the basin, so that it can be discharged, after a short drying length, above the water surface, through the outlet 25.
  • the chain scraper 27 is supported by a guide pulley 29 and supporting roller 30.
  • the chain is driven by a properly recessed or toothed driving roller 31, driven by a geared motor so that it will be possible to adjust the scraper speed within a large range and hence to vary its transport and discharge capacity.
  • the separator subject matter of this invention is operating as described hereinafter. To obtain acceptable results and yields it is obviously necessary to provide for extreme dispersion of the mixture to be sorted out so that each elementary item in the dispersed mixture has a sufficient degree of freedom.
  • Dispersions with a 3% to 8% content of dry solid matter are usually adopted.
  • the mixture to be separated is introduced through the channel 3 where a fair amount of water is also added.
  • the heterogenous suspension is let into the dispersion chamber 2 in which downward circulating water is whirling under the helical action of the bladed impeller 13 having the shape of an upside-down "chinese hat".
  • the mixture is dispersed during its downward motion towards the impeller and even water-repellent items which tend to float are entering the liquid whirlpool and entrained downwards.
  • the dispersed mixture thus obtained is hurled outwards where the lighter and floating fractions (vegetables, paper and organic matter) will reascend in a spiral motion along the wall of the discrimination tank 1 until they reach the water surface where part of it will flow over the edge 4 to be discharged through the drain channel 5 whereas another part will be drawn back to the center of the dispersion chamber 2 to start another cycle together with the material coming from the channel 3.
  • the lighter solid fractions or those having a larger wetted surface with respect to their volume will be entrained upwards in a spiral motion toward the water surface, whereas the heavier fractions such as inert materials, metals etc. will move downwards following the same helical motion.
  • the more or less fast downward movement will bring these heavy fractions below the YY center-line of the impeller 13 where they will be entrained by a secondary whirlpool and hurled outwards and then thrust axially upwards under the action of the radial blades mounted on the lower surface of the impeller 13.
  • the discriminant action leading to complete release and separation of inert solids from the remaining components of the mixture is thus completed in this cone-shaped terminal section of the tank 1.
  • fractions having a density of approximately 1 will also be entrained during the downward spiral movement and will zeroize their centrifugal component when impinging on the cone wall so that they will be conveyed downward together with the heavier material.
  • the ideal trajectory will convey this mixture of inert and organic matter in front of the blading 9 through which a certain amount of clean (or recycled) make-up water will be let in the same direction of the spiral flow inside the cone.
  • This strean will ensure that less heavy particles will be directed towards the cone axis where they will be caught by the axial flow towards the impeller and recycled towards the periphery of the YY section.
  • the reascending water stream due to the water entering the blading 9, will convey the organic particles back to the upper portion of the YY section so that they will recirculate in the main stream towards the upper edge 4 of the tank where the water and the floating fractions will be discharged into the ring-shaped channel 5 and drained through the outlet 6, as already explained above.
  • the heavier materials, rigid plastics, sand, glass, fragments of pottery, metal and the like will pass the threshold 7 of the discharge orifice of the cone in a slight counter-current flow of the water entering the settling basin 21 through the feed-cock 26, then flowing upwards through the threshold 7 into the discrimination tank 1, to be discharged into the anular channel 5 together with the purified material and drained through the outlet 6.

Landscapes

  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Séparateur humide pour la séparation de deux ou de plusieurs fractions solides de mélanges hétérogènes présentant différentes densités dans l'eau, comprenant :
    - un réservoir de séparation (1), le réservoir cylindrique (1) présentant un fond tronconique ouvert (7), un canal de récupération (5) supérieur avec verseur d'évacuation (6) pour les fractions plus légères, et restant rempli d'eau en permanence,
    - une chambre de dispersion cylindrique (2) logée de façon coaxiale à l'intérieur du réservoir de séparation (1) et portée par lui, dans laquelle le matériau à séparer sera chargé, d'en haut, à travers un canal (3),
    - un dispositif d'hélices (11) mu par moteur composé d'un rotor (13),
    caractérisé par le fait que
    - la chambre de dispersion (2) présente un fond tronconique ouvert,
    - un bassin de décantation extérieur (21) présentant deux faces parallèles (22, 23) fermées à leur extrémité inférieure par un fond polygonal (24) présente, à sa section verticale maximum (X-X), le réservoir de séparation (1),
    - le bassin de décantation extérieur (21) est pourvu d'un verseur d'évacuation (25) par lequel sont déchargées les fractions lourdes et d'un tube d'alimentation (26) pour l'alimentation de l'eau,
    - le bassin de décantation extérieur (21) est pourvu d'un excavateur à chaîne à raclettes (27) nettoyant son fond et collectant donc les fractions lourdes tombées au fond, les convoyant jusqu'au verseur d'évacuation (25) susmentionné,
    - une chambre hélicoïdale (8) avec des pales de guidage (9) orientées vers l'intérieur est agencée à proximité de l'orifice inférieur (7) du réservoir de séparation (1) et retient l'eau par une conduite (10),
    - le rotor (13) a la forme d'un chapeau chinois à l'envers et est équipé de pales, sur ses surfaces supérieure et inférieure, ce rotor (13) étant fixé entre l'orifice inférieur de la chambre de dispersion (2) et de la chambre hélicoïdale (8).
  2. Séparateur humide selon revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le fond polygonal (24) du bassin de décantation (21) présente sur une extrémité une longueur verticale (a), suivie d'une longueur (b) inclinée vers le milieu, une longueur horizontale (c) et une longueur finale (d) légèrement inclinée vers le haut, à l'autre extrémité du bassin équipé d'un tube d'alimentation de l'eau (26) et de la sortie (25) par laquelle sont déchargées les fractions lourdes.
  3. Séparateur humide selon revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le bord supérieur (4) du réservoir de séparation (1) présente un niveau de trop-plein (e) dans le canal de dérivation (5) concordant avec le niveau d'eau (1) dans le bassin de décantation (21) lorsque le réservoir de séparation (2) est entièrement immergé.
  4. Procédé pour la séparation humide au moyen du séparateur humide selon revendication 1,
    - le mélange à séparer étant introduit par le canal (3) dans le réservoir de dispersion (2),
    - ce mélange étant soumis, dans la chambre de dispersion (2), à un courant tourbillonnant vers le bas, et donc dispersé, de telle sorte que toutes les fractions du mélange, même les plus légères, atteignent la chambre de séparation (1), où elles sont propulsées vers l'extérieur sous l'effet du rotor (13),
    - les fractions flottantes plus légères se déplacent dans le réservoir de séparation, dans des mouvements circulaires et hélicoidaux, le long des parois, vers le haut, jusqu'à atteindre la surface libre de l'eau et être déchargées par-dessus le bord (4) dans le canal d'évacuation (5), et
    - les fractions lourdes se déplacent vers le bas, dans la chambre de séparation (1),
    caractérisé par le fait que :
    - les fractions flottantes plus légères peuvent également atteindre dans la chambre de séparation (1) la zone centrale de la même chambre (1) pour être recyclées dans la chambre de dispersion (2) et donc se joindre au mélange frais qui arrive,
    - les fractions lourdes (1) se déplacent dans la chambre de séparation vers le bas, où elles sont exposées à l'action des pales radiales (9) de la chambre hélicoïdale (8) et au courant y relatif vers le haut, toutes les fractions plus légères entraînées lors de leur descente par les fractions plus lourdes étant séparées, de telle sorte que les fractions plus légères peuvent être recyclées par l'intermédiaire du rotor (13),
    - les fractions lourdes sont déchargées à contre-courant à travers l'orifice inférieur du réservoir de séparation (1) en même temps que l'eau introduite dans le bassin de décantation (21) par le robinet d'alimentation (26) ; les fractions lourdes tombent au fond (c) du bassin de décantation (21), d'où elles sont nettoyées par l'excavateur à chaîne à raclettes (27) et déchargées par la sortie (25).
  5. Procédé pour la séparation humide selon revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que la teneur en substance sèche du mélange se situe entre 3% et 8 %.
EP91111589A 1990-08-02 1991-07-12 Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation humide de mélanges hétérogènes contenant des solides de densités différentes Expired - Lifetime EP0469360B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91111589T ATE100734T1 (de) 1990-08-02 1991-07-12 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum nassen trennen von heterogenen mischungen aus feststoffen unterschiedlicher dichte.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1250190 1990-08-02
IT12501A IT1241887B (it) 1990-08-02 1990-08-02 Separatore ad umido per la discriminazione in almeno due frazioni di miscele eterogenee di corpi di diverse densita' dispersi in un fluido e particolarmente in acqua

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0469360A2 EP0469360A2 (fr) 1992-02-05
EP0469360A3 EP0469360A3 (en) 1992-03-18
EP0469360B1 true EP0469360B1 (fr) 1994-01-26

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EP91111589A Expired - Lifetime EP0469360B1 (fr) 1990-08-02 1991-07-12 Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation humide de mélanges hétérogènes contenant des solides de densités différentes

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0469360B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE100734T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69101092D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1241887B (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6250473B1 (en) 1998-11-17 2001-06-26 Firstenergy Ventures Corp. Method and apparatus for separating fast settling particles from slow settling particles
DE10343788A1 (de) * 2003-09-22 2005-04-28 Hans Huber Ag Masch & Anlagenb Vorrichtung zum Abtrennen von organischem Material von anorganischem Material
JP5800538B2 (ja) * 2011-03-18 2015-10-28 三菱電機株式会社 比重選別装置
CN103008092B (zh) * 2012-12-27 2014-12-10 曾广洛 一种矿物分离器及其使用方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1216211B (de) * 1966-05-12 Insinööritoimisto-Engmeering Bureau R. T. Hukki, Otaniemi (Finnland) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Klassieren und/oder Sortieren von Feststoffen
US1996547A (en) * 1933-05-27 1935-04-02 And Continental Illinois Bank Separator and method
GB962386A (en) * 1963-04-08 1964-07-01 Insinooritoimisto Engineeringb An improved hydraulic classifier
US4416764A (en) * 1980-11-28 1983-11-22 Natomas Energy Company Method and appratus for extracting tar sand

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT9012501A0 (it) 1990-08-02
EP0469360A3 (en) 1992-03-18
ATE100734T1 (de) 1994-02-15
IT1241887B (it) 1994-02-01
IT9012501A1 (it) 1992-02-02
DE69101092D1 (de) 1994-03-10
EP0469360A2 (fr) 1992-02-05

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