EP0465390B1 - Railway track - Google Patents

Railway track Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0465390B1
EP0465390B1 EP91420222A EP91420222A EP0465390B1 EP 0465390 B1 EP0465390 B1 EP 0465390B1 EP 91420222 A EP91420222 A EP 91420222A EP 91420222 A EP91420222 A EP 91420222A EP 0465390 B1 EP0465390 B1 EP 0465390B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
concrete
rail
viscoelastic material
ballast
supports
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EP91420222A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0465390A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Marie Trevin
Thierry Faivre
Jacques Boure
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POUR L'ETANCHEITE LES REVETEMENTS ET LES PROTECTIONS Ste
SNCF Mobilites
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POUR L'ETANCHEITE LES REVETEMENTS ET LES PROTECTIONS Ste
SNCF Mobilites
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/46—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from different materials

Definitions

  • the constituents of a synthetic elastomer, including the swelling agent are mixed, and the mixture obtained is injected into a mold, or conformator with vents, surrounding the crosspiece, and providing with the latter a volume for receiving and expanding the mixture during polymerization. After hardening, the former is removed to obtain an elastomer sole that adheres directly to the surface of the crosspiece.
  • a railway track comprising a relatively hard platform, a ballast disposed on the latter, rail supports comprising at least one concrete part, two rail rows arranged and fixed parallel to said supports, on one side of the concrete part, as well as a visco-elastic material sole linked to at least said concrete part, on its underside opposite the rails.
  • a railroad track comprising a relatively hard platform, a ballast disposed on the latter, rail supports comprising at least one concrete part, two rail lines arranged and fixed parallel to said supports, on one side at least said concrete part, and a sole made of visco-elastic material, linked to at least said concrete part on its underside opposite the rail, the visco-elastic material being a substantially non-porous material, having a density greater than 0.9 and / or a Shore A hardness at least equal to 65.
  • the present invention which relates to a railroad track, a rail support, and a method for obtaining a rail support, respectively according to claims 1,4,6 or 1,3,4 annexed, is interested in the action of visco-elastic soles as identified above, with respect to the attrition of the concrete parts of the different track supports, in contact with the ballast.
  • viscoelastic material any material, natural or synthetic, having mechanically the properties of a rubber, that is to say both flexible, significantly deformable, and elastic.
  • ballast wear and packing appears essential for the operation of current railways, on which convoys that are becoming heavier, or faster and faster, such as high-speed trains.
  • the wear of the ballast is increased compared to that of other types of support, due to the greater inertia of concrete parts or elements, and in particular on platforms. hard, or engineering structures with a concrete deck. This wear normally leads to a degradation of the geometry of the track, more and more rapid between each leveling-dressing operation, and eventually requires the renewal of the ballast, if only to restore it to suitable rheological and drainage properties. .
  • the frequency of these operations is reduced, or at equal frequency of these operations, the thickness or volume of the ballast can be reduced.
  • the solution according to the invention provides an additional stage of elasticity to the railway, in addition to that already existing between the rail and the cross-member. This contributes to reducing the overall stiffness of the rail / sleeper / ballast system. This also makes it possible to dissipate in the aforementioned system the vibratory energy generated by the rolling loads, in particular when the latter cannot be absorbed by the platform, for example if the latter is a concrete deck of a structure. .
  • the present invention also provides another advantage relating to the use of the visco-elastic material, for example a synthetic elastomer.
  • a synthetic elastomer for example a synthetic elastomer.
  • the visco-elastic material in the liquid state. or pasty, during polymerization, directly on concrete parts.
  • the elastomer can be deposited in a layer, according to at least one of the following techniques, namely spraying, casting, application by brush or roller, on the underside at least of the concrete parts.
  • This procedure generally consists in rotating in a steel drum, steel balls, calibrated ballast elements and, concrete cubes uniformly coated, without joints, with a layer of visco-elastic material , in particular elastomer, to be tested, and to observe the weight loss of these cubes, as a function of the number of revolutions of the drum.
  • the load is then introduced into a steel drum of a testing machine, with a rotational speed of 33.33 revolutions / minute. At regular intervals, for example every 500 revolutions, the machine is stopped, the ballast and the concrete blocks are weighed, and their weight loss is noted, in percentage relative to P 'and P respectively.
  • the visco-elastic materials suitable according to the invention must lead to a loss of weight of the concrete cubes, according to the procedure explained above, of less than 0.2%, after 1500 revolutions of the drum of the testing machine.
  • Such a material is for example identified and retained in accordance with the table below according to the procedure described above: CONCRETE coated with 5 mm of BAYTEC elastomer material BALLAST TOTAL WEIGHT Initial weight 2795 g 2790 g 5585 g 500 turns 2793 g 2625 g 5418 g 1000 turns 2793 g 2530 g 5323 g 1500 turns 2792 g 2439 g 5231 g 2000 turns 2792 g 2376 g 5168 g 2500 turns 2790 g 2312 g 5102 g
  • polyurethane It is for example a two-component polyurethane, as sold by the Company BAYER under the names BAYTEC 308/309 and BAYTEC 310/309.
  • This polyurethane is obtained directly, that is to say without solvent, by direct polymerization of a polyetherpolyol and DMI (disocyanate-diphenylmethane).
  • This polyurethane can be used with any suitable material for hot spraying, with drying of the spraying air, for example a material of the UNIPRE brand.
  • a sleeper according to the invention or rail support, comprises two pieces 1 of reinforced concrete, or blocks, spaced from one another, and connected by a metal spacer 2.
  • the two blocks On the upper side the two blocks are fixed respectively two rails 3, in suitable recesses recessed slightly inclined towards one another, and with fixing means not shown.
  • An elastic sole, not shown, is interposed between the rail and each block.
  • two soles 4 are fixed in viscoelastic or elastomeric material, according to an adhesion zone corresponding to the entire surface of the lower face 1b of the two blocks 1. Consequently, the two blocks 1 are placed on the two flanges 4 respectively, the latter being in contact with the ballast 5; and along the entire underside 1b of the blocks 1, the elastomeric material retained is integral with the substrate or concrete of said blocks.
  • the lower face 1b of a single-piece concrete cross member 1 is coated with a sole 4 of elastomeric material, adhering to the substrate of the cross member according to two separate adhesion zones, corresponding to two buffers 4a and 4b, arranged opposite the two rails 3 respectively.
  • FIG. 5 it is a concrete support 1 for a switchway.
  • the underside 1b of support is partially covered by a sole 4 of visco-elastic material, consisting of different buffers 4a, 4b and 4c, arranged vertically above the rails 3 of the track apparatus respectively.
  • FIG. 6 it is a simple concrete block 1, coated on its underside 1b with a sole 4 made of elastomeric material, adhering on one side to the concrete substrate, and in contact with the other. side with ballast 5.
  • Supports or crosspieces in accordance with the present invention as shown in FIG. 1, and coated with the BAYTEC material with a thickness of 0.5 cm, were tested according to the procedure known as "unidirectional vibrator", explained with reference to the figure. 7.
  • ballast load 51 In a concrete pit 50, there is a ballast load 51, having a minimum DRG hardness coefficient of 17 according to standard NF F 53695.
  • a crosspiece 52 with its blocks 53 is arranged horizontally in the pit on the ballast.
  • Two rails 54 of limited length are each mounted on a block, parallel to each other, and perpendicular to the crosspiece.
  • Two loads 55 are applied to the two ends respectively of the same rail, five meters on either side of the cross-member, to give each rail an arrow of approximately 10 cm, and to represent a preload of 40 kN on the crosses.
  • a unidirectional vibrator then transmits to the cross-member to be tested, via a beam and the two rails 54, a sinusoidal vertical force of ⁇ 45 kN, at the frequency of 50 Hz.
  • the test consists of vibrating the cross member for 200 hours, 5 hours a day, and in 30-minute cycles, followed by 15 minutes of rest. At the end of the test, the condition of the element tested, in this case the underside of the concrete blocks, is observed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)
  • Adjustment Of The Magnetic Head Position Track Following On Tapes (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Moving Of Heads (AREA)

Abstract

The railway track comprises a relatively hard permanent way, a ballast arranged on the latter, rail supports comprising at least one concrete element (1), and two lengths of rail (3) arranged and fixed parallel on the said supports on one side of the concrete elements, characterised in that a method which is known per se is used for connecting the elements (1) by their lower face (1b) lying opposite the rail (3) to a visco-elastic base pad (4), the novelty being that the visco-elastic material is a substantially non-porous material having a density greater than 0.9 and a resistance to fragmentation and abrasion which is expressed by a weight loss in the concrete cubes coated with the said material of less than 0.2% after 1,500 revolutions of a test-machine drum, the test procedure used here being a routine Los Angeles-type procedure. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne les voies ferrées. Plus précisément, l'invention concerne les voies ferrées comprenant :

  • une plateforme relativement dure, qu'il s'agisse d'un sol nivelé et aménagé à cet effet, ou du tablier d'un ouvrage d'art,
  • un ballast disposé sur la plateforme,
  • un ou des supports de rail, comprenant une ou des pièces en béton, distribuées selon la direction de la voie ferrée, et espacées les unes des autres ; ces supports sont disposés sur le ballast,
  • deux files de rail disposées sur le ou lesdits supports, sur un côté de la ou des pièces en béton.
The present invention relates to railways. More specifically, the invention relates to railways comprising:
  • a relatively hard platform, whether it is a leveled floor laid out for this purpose, or the deck of a structure,
  • a ballast placed on the platform,
  • one or more rail supports, comprising one or more concrete parts, distributed along the direction of the railway, and spaced from one another; these supports are arranged on the ballast,
  • two lines of rail arranged on the said support or supports, on one side of the concrete part or parts.

Les supports précités comprennent, selon la définition précédente :

  • les traverses qui sont des pièces posées sous les rails et perpendiculairement à ceux-ci ; elles sont destinées à assurer la transmission des charges sur le ballast, à maintenir l'écartement et l'inclinaison des deux files de rails ; on distingue : les traverses biblocs qui sont constituées par deux blochets en béton armé, reliés par une entretoise métallique, et les traverses monobloc qui sont constituées d'une seule pièce en béton précontraint ou postcontraint,
  • les supports pour appareils de voie, qui sont des pièces posées perpendiculairement à la voie, sur lesquels sont fixés les éléments constitutifs desdits appareils ; ils sont destinés à assurer la transmission des charges sur le ballast et à maintenir la géométrie de l'appareil de voie ; on distingue : les supports monobloc qui sont constitués d'une seule pièce en béton précontraint ou postcontraint, les supports multiblocs qui sont constitués par deux ou plusieurs blochets en béton armé, reliés par entretoise métallique,
  • les blochets, plots ou longrines ; ces pièces sont destinées à assurer la transmission des charges sur le ballast, à maintenir l'inclinaison du rail, à fixer les éléments constitutifs des appareils de voie, mais elles n'assurent pas le maintien de l'écartement des deux files de rail d'une même voie.
The aforementioned supports include, as defined above:
  • sleepers which are parts placed under and perpendicular to the rails; they are intended to ensure the transmission of loads on the ballast, to maintain the spacing and the inclination of the two rows of rails; a distinction is made between: two-piece sleepers which consist of two reinforced concrete blocks, connected by a metal spacer, and one-piece sleepers which consist of a single piece of prestressed or post-stressed concrete,
  • the supports for switches and crossings, which are parts placed perpendicular to the track, on which the constituent elements of said switches are fixed; they are intended to ensure the transmission of loads on the ballast and to maintain the geometry of the switchgear; a distinction is made between: monobloc supports which consist of a single piece of prestressed or post-stressed concrete, multiblock supports which consist of two or more reinforced concrete blocks, connected by metal spacers,
  • blocks, studs or sills; these parts are intended to ensure the transmission of loads on the ballast, to maintain the inclination of the rail, to fix the constituent elements of the track equipment, but they do not ensure the maintenance of the spacing of the two rows of rail d 'one way.

Dans le cas des voies sur ballast considérées par la présente invention, ces supports de rails reposent sur une couche de ballast en pierre cassée, elle-même sur une couche de fondation dure, ou plateforme. Ce ballast assure les fonctions suivantes :

  • répartition sur la plateforme des charges concentrées qu'elle reçoit des supports de rails,
  • amortissements des vibrations grâce à ses propriétés rhéologiques.
In the case of tracks on ballast considered by the present invention, these rail supports rest on a layer of broken stone ballast, itself on a layer of hard foundation, or platform. This ballast performs the following functions:
  • distribution on the platform of the concentrated loads it receives from the rail supports,
  • vibration damping thanks to its rheological properties.

Sous l'action des charges roulantes, le frottement de la face inférieure des supports précités, et plus précisément des pièces en béton, sur le ballast en pierre dure et aux arêtes vives, provoque une attrition du béton, avec le risque de mise à nu des armatures en fer ou acier.Under the action of rolling loads, the friction of the underside of the aforementioned supports, and more specifically of the concrete parts, on the hard stone ballast and with sharp edges, causes attrition of the concrete, with the risk of exposure iron or steel fittings.

Conformément au document US-C-4 652 495, on a proposé et décrit une voie ferrée comprenant :

  • une plateforme constituée par le tablier d'un ouvrage d'art en béton, avec des bords relevés,
  • des traverses constituées chacune par une seule et même pièce en béton, liée continuement sur sa face inférieure opposée aux rails à une semelle en matériau visco-élastique cellulaire, en l'occurrence une mousse de polyuréthanne à cellules fermées,
  • deux files de rails, disposées et fixées parallèlement sur les traverses,
  • un coulis intermédiaire de mortier disposé entre les traverses et la plateforme à bords relevés, de telle sorte que le soubassement des traverses est noyé dans le coulis intermédiaire, chaque semelle visco-élastique séparant une traverse du coulis de mortier.
In accordance with document US-C-4 652 495, a railway line has been proposed and described comprising:
  • a platform consisting of the deck of a concrete structure, with raised edges,
  • sleepers each consisting of a single concrete piece, continuously linked on its underside opposite the rails to a sole made of cellular visco-elastic material, in this case closed cell polyurethane foam,
  • two rows of rails, arranged and fixed in parallel on the sleepers,
  • an intermediate mortar grout disposed between the crosspieces and the platform with raised edges, so that the base of the crosspieces is embedded in the intermediate grout, each visco-elastic sole separating a crosspiece from the mortar grout.

Conformément au même document, pour obtenir une semelle d'épaisseur calibrée ou contrôlée, on mélange les constituants d'un élastomère de synthèse, dont l'agent gonflant, et on injecte le mélange obtenu dans un moule, ou conformateur avec évents, entourant la traverse, et ménageant avec cette dernière un volume de réception et expansion du mélange en cours de polymérisation. Après durcissement, on retire le conformateur, pour obtenir une semelle élastomère adhérant directement à la surface de la traverse.According to the same document, to obtain a calibrated or controlled thickness of sole, the constituents of a synthetic elastomer, including the swelling agent, are mixed, and the mixture obtained is injected into a mold, or conformator with vents, surrounding the crosspiece, and providing with the latter a volume for receiving and expanding the mixture during polymerization. After hardening, the former is removed to obtain an elastomer sole that adheres directly to the surface of the crosspiece.

Conformément à ce document, pour une voie ferrée sans ballast, on a mis en évidence, uniquement qu'une semelle visco-élastique cellulaire permet d'absorber pour partie les vibrations et le bruit, générés par le passage des trains, vis-à-vis de la plateforme.In accordance with this document, for a track without ballast, it has been demonstrated, only that a visco-elastic cellular sole makes it possible to partially absorb the vibrations and noise, generated by the passage of trains, vis-à-vis platform screw.

Conformément au document GB-A-2 030 200, on a proposé et décrit une voie ferrée comprenant une plateforme relativement dure, un ballast disposé sur cette dernière, des supports de rail comprenant au moins une pièce en béton, deux files de rail disposées et fixées parallèlement sur lesdits supports, sur un côté de la pièce en béton, ainsi qu'une semelle en matériau visco-élastique liée à au moins ladite pièce en béton, sur sa face inférieure opposé aux rails.In accordance with document GB-A-2 030 200, a railway track has been proposed and described comprising a relatively hard platform, a ballast disposed on the latter, rail supports comprising at least one concrete part, two rail rows arranged and fixed parallel to said supports, on one side of the concrete part, as well as a visco-elastic material sole linked to at least said concrete part, on its underside opposite the rails.

Conformément au document EP-A-0 440 597, publié postérieurement à la date de priorité de la présente demande de brevet, et constituant un état de la technique selon article 54(3) CBE pour les pays AT, CH, DE, LI, on a décrit une voie ferrée comprenant une plateforme relativement dure, un ballast disposé sur cette dernière, des supports de rail comprenant au moins une pièce en béton, deux files de rail disposées et fixées parallèlement sur lesdits supports, sur un côté d'au moins ladite pièce en béton, et une semelle en matériau visco-élastique, liée à au moins ladite pièce en béton sur sa face inférieure opposée au rail, le matériau visco-élastique étant une matière substantiellement non poreuse, ayant une densité supérieure à 0,9 et/ou une dureté Shore A au moins égale à 65.In accordance with document EP-A-0 440 597, published after the priority date of this patent application, and constituting a state of the art according to article 54 (3) EPC for the countries AT, CH, DE, LI, a railroad track has been described comprising a relatively hard platform, a ballast disposed on the latter, rail supports comprising at least one concrete part, two rail lines arranged and fixed parallel to said supports, on one side at least said concrete part, and a sole made of visco-elastic material, linked to at least said concrete part on its underside opposite the rail, the visco-elastic material being a substantially non-porous material, having a density greater than 0.9 and / or a Shore A hardness at least equal to 65.

La présente invention, qui porte sur une voie ferrée, un support de rails, et un procédé pour l'obtention d'un support de rails, respectivement selon les revendications 1,4,6 ou 1,3,4 annexées, s'est intéressée à l'action de semelles visco-élastiques telles qu'identifiées précédemment, vis-à-vis de l'attrition des pièces en béton des différents supports de voie, au contact du ballast.The present invention, which relates to a railroad track, a rail support, and a method for obtaining a rail support, respectively according to claims 1,4,6 or 1,3,4 annexed, is interested in the action of visco-elastic soles as identified above, with respect to the attrition of the concrete parts of the different track supports, in contact with the ballast.

Et selon la présente invention, on a découvert qu'on peut diminuer, voire supprimer l'attrition des pièces en béton des supports de voies, en sélectionnant ou qualifiant un matériau visco-élastique, à partir des propriétés suivantes, disponibles dans la littérature, ou identifiables par des essais de routine, considérées en combinaison :

  • le matériau visco-élastique retenu est une matière substantiellement non poreuse, donc un substrat relativement plein, sans cellules ou pores, ouverts ou fermés, vides ou remplis d'un gaz, et affectant l'homogénéité locale dudit substrat ; un tel matériau, très différent des mousses élastomères cellulaires déjà disponibles, y compris micro-cellulaires, se caractérise principalement par sa densité supérieure à 0,9, et/ou sa dureté Shore A au moins égale à 65, et comprise entre 65 et 77 préférentiellement,
  • et ce matériau doit présenter une résistance à l'usure par fragmentation et abrasion bien spécifique, mise en évidence ou exprimée par une procédure d'essai du type "Los Angelès", définie ci-après ; selon cette procédure, le matériau visco-élastique retenu doit présenter une résistance telle que la perte de poids des cubes de béton utilisés selon la procédure précitée, et revêtus avec le matériau visco-élastique testé, soit inférieure à 0,2 %, au bout de 1500 tours du tambour de rotation de la machine d'essai. Pour les pays mentionnés en référence au document EP-A-0 440 597, la nouveauté réside entre autres en ce que le matériau visco-élastique est disposé selon une pluralité de zones d'adhésion séparées.
And according to the present invention, it has been discovered that it is possible to reduce or even eliminate the attrition of the concrete parts of the track supports, by selecting or qualifying a visco-elastic material, from the following properties, available in the literature, or identifiable by tests of routine, considered in combination:
  • the viscoelastic material retained is a substantially non-porous material, therefore a relatively full substrate, without cells or pores, open or closed, empty or filled with a gas, and affecting the local homogeneity of said substrate; such a material, very different from the cellular elastomeric foams already available, including micro-cellular ones, is mainly characterized by its density greater than 0.9, and / or its Shore A hardness at least equal to 65, and between 65 and 77 preferentially,
  • and this material must have a very specific resistance to wear by fragmentation and abrasion, demonstrated or expressed by a "Los Angelès" type test procedure, defined below; according to this procedure, the retained visco-elastic material must have a resistance such as the weight loss of the concrete cubes used according to the above-mentioned procedure, and coated with the visco-elastic material tested, ie less than 0.2%, at the end 1500 turns of the testing machine rotation drum. For the countries mentioned with reference to document EP-A-0 440 597, the novelty lies inter alia in that the visco-elastic material is arranged in a plurality of separate adhesion zones.

Par matériau visco-élastique, on entend tout matériau, naturel ou de synthèse, présentant mécaniquement les propriétés d'un caoutchouc, c'est-à-dire à la fois souple, déformable de manière importante, et élastique.By viscoelastic material is meant any material, natural or synthetic, having mechanically the properties of a rubber, that is to say both flexible, significantly deformable, and elastic.

De fait, en utilisant une semelle en matériau visco-élastique sélectionné comme précédemment, celle-ci ne présente ni décollement, ni déchirure, ni usure laissant apparaître le substrat en béton. Ce résultat est par exemple mis en évidence par la procédure d'essai décrite ci-après et appelée "vibrateur unidirectionnel", après 200 heures d'essai. Un tel matériau protège donc efficacement les pièces en béton contre l'attrition, ce qui ne peut être envisagé avec un matériau visco-élastique cellulaire, tel que décrit dans le document US-C-4 652 495, ayant une densité beaucoup plus faible, comprise entre 0,4 et 0,75, et ayant notamment de ce fait des propriétés mécaniques beaucoup moins bonnes.In fact, by using a sole made of visco-elastic material selected as above, it exhibits neither detachment, nor tearing, nor wear revealing the concrete substrate. This result is for example demonstrated by the test procedure described below and called "unidirectional vibrator", after 200 hours of test. Such a material therefore effectively protects the concrete parts against attrition, which cannot be envisaged with a cellular visco-elastic material, as described in document US-C-4 652 495, having a much lower density, between 0.4 and 0.75, and in particular thereby having much poorer mechanical properties.

Si la résistance à l'attrition des pièces en béton d'une voie ferrée répond à l'objet que s'était fixée la présente invention, de manière surprenante, les procédures d'essai utilisées et notamment la procédure d'essai dite "vibrateur unidirectionnel", ont mis en évidence, en ce qui concerne le ballast, des propriétés et résultats totalement inattendus.If the attrition resistance of concrete parts of a railway meets the object that the present invention had set, surprisingly, the test procedures used and in particular the so-called "vibrator" test procedure unidirectional ", have highlighted, with regard to the ballast, properties and results completely unexpected.

On a en effet observé que, vis-à-vis des charges roulantes, les semelles réalisées avec un matériau visco-élastique choisi selon la présente invention :

  • diminuent de manière importante l'usure du ballast, c'est-à-dire l'attrition des pierres les unes contre les autres,
  • diminuent le tassement du ballast.
It has in fact been observed that, with regard to rolling loads, the soles produced with a visco-elastic material chosen according to the present invention:
  • significantly reduce the wear of the ballast, that is to say the attrition of the stones against each other,
  • decrease ballast compaction.

Diminuer l'usure du ballast et son tassement apparaissent essentiels pour l'exploitation des voies ferrées actuelles, sur lesquelles circulent des convois de plus en plus lourds, ou de plus en plus rapides, type trains à grande vitesse.Reducing ballast wear and packing appears essential for the operation of current railways, on which convoys that are becoming heavier, or faster and faster, such as high-speed trains.

Normalement, pour des supports de rails en béton, l'usure du ballast se trouve augmentée par rapport à celle d'autres types de support, en raison de l'inertie plus importante des pièces ou éléments en béton, et en particulier sur des plateformes dures, ou des ouvrages d'art avec un tablier en béton. Cette usure entraîne normalement une dégradation de la géométrie de la voie, de plus en plus rapide entre chaque opération de nivellement-dressage, et nécessite à terme le renouvellement du ballast, ne serait-ce que pour lui redonner des propriétés rhéologiques et de drainage convenables.Normally, for concrete rail supports, the wear of the ballast is increased compared to that of other types of support, due to the greater inertia of concrete parts or elements, and in particular on platforms. hard, or engineering structures with a concrete deck. This wear normally leads to a degradation of the geometry of the track, more and more rapid between each leveling-dressing operation, and eventually requires the renewal of the ballast, if only to restore it to suitable rheological and drainage properties. .

Avec des supports selon l'invention, à épaisseur ou volume égal de ballast, on diminue la fréquence de ces opérations, ou à fréquence égale de ces opérations, on peut diminuer l'épaisseur ou volume du ballast.With supports according to the invention, with an equal thickness or volume of ballast, the frequency of these operations is reduced, or at equal frequency of these operations, the thickness or volume of the ballast can be reduced.

La solution selon l'invention apporte un étage complémentaire d'élasticité à la voie ferrée, en plus de celui déjà existant entre le rail et la traverse. Ceci contribue à diminuer la raideur globale du système rails/traverses/ballast. Ceci permet aussi de dissiper dans le système précité l'énergie vibratoire générée par les charges roulantes, en particulier lorsque celle-ci ne peut être absorbée par la plateforme, par exemple si cette dernière est un tablier en béton d'un ouvrage d'art.The solution according to the invention provides an additional stage of elasticity to the railway, in addition to that already existing between the rail and the cross-member. This contributes to reducing the overall stiffness of the rail / sleeper / ballast system. This also makes it possible to dissipate in the aforementioned system the vibratory energy generated by the rolling loads, in particular when the latter cannot be absorbed by the platform, for example if the latter is a concrete deck of a structure. .

La présente invention apporte également un autre avantage relatif à la mise en oeuvre du matériau visco-élastique, par exemple un élastomère de synthèse. Pour obtenir une semelle d'épaisseur calibrée ou contrôlée, au lieu d'utiliser des moules ou conformateurs, comme décrit par le document US-C-4 652 495, il suffit d'appliquer le matériau visco-élastique, à l'état liquide ou pâteux, en cours de polymérisation, directement sur les pièces en béton. Par exemple, l'élastomère peut être déposé en couche, selon au moins une des techniques suivantes, à savoir projection, coulée, application à la brosse ou au rouleau, sur la face inférieure au moins des pièces en béton.The present invention also provides another advantage relating to the use of the visco-elastic material, for example a synthetic elastomer. To obtain a calibrated or controlled thickness sole, instead of using molds or conformers, as described in document US-C-4 652 495, it suffices to apply the visco-elastic material, in the liquid state. or pasty, during polymerization, directly on concrete parts. For example, the elastomer can be deposited in a layer, according to at least one of the following techniques, namely spraying, casting, application by brush or roller, on the underside at least of the concrete parts.

La présente invention peut en outre présenter de façon avantageuse les caractéristiques additionnelles suivantes, considérées isolément ou en combinaison :

  • le matériau visco-élastique est un matériau élastomère, naturel ou synthétique,
  • le matériau élastomère est un polyuréthanne, par exemple tel qu'obtenu par polymérisation directe d'un polyetherpolyol et d'un diisocyanate-dyphényl méthane (DMI), sans agent gonflant ou moussant,
  • la semelle en matériau élastomère remonte, sans discontinuité de matière, sur la face latérale de la pièce en béton,
  • la zone d'adhésion de la semelle s'étend selon toute la face inférieure de la pièce en béton,
  • la semelle présente une épaisseur au moins égale à 3 mm.
The present invention can also advantageously have the following additional characteristics, considered in isolation or in combination:
  • the visco-elastic material is an elastomeric material, natural or synthetic,
  • the elastomeric material is a polyurethane, for example such that obtained by direct polymerization of a polyether polyol and a diisocyanate-dyphenyl methane (DMI), without swelling or foaming agent,
  • the sole made of elastomeric material rises, without discontinuity of material, on the lateral face of the concrete part,
  • the adhesion zone of the sole extends along the entire underside of the concrete part,
  • the sole has a thickness at least equal to 3 mm.

Les supports conformes à l'invention peuvent être obtenus sans difficulté particulière, selon l'une quelconque des techniques suivantes :

  • si le matériau visco-élastique est un élastomère de synthèse, celui-ci peut être projeté ou coulé, appliqué à la brosse ou au rouleau, en usine ou sur un chantier, sur les éléments ou pièces en béton des supports, éventuellement après dépôt d'une couche primaire sur ces derniers, par exemple un polyuréthanne monocomposant se polymérisant au contact de l'humidité de l'air ; pour une telle application, on préfèrera un état de surface du béton du type taloché fin,
  • des plaques préfabriquées du matériau visco-élastique, peuvent être intégrées au béton, lors de la fabrication du support, par moulage,
  • et enfin des plaques préfabriquées peuvent être collées sur le béton, avec tout adhésif approprié, par exemple une colle mastic.
The supports according to the invention can be obtained without any particular difficulty, using any of the following techniques:
  • if the visco-elastic material is a synthetic elastomer, it can be sprayed or cast, applied by brush or roller, in the factory or on a site, on the concrete elements or parts of the supports, possibly after deposit of 'a primer layer on the latter, for example a single-component polyurethane which polymerizes on contact with air humidity; for such an application, we prefer a surface finish of concrete of the fine float type,
  • prefabricated plates of visco-elastic material, can be integrated into concrete, during the manufacture of the support, by molding,
  • and finally prefabricated plates can be glued to the concrete, with any suitable adhesive, for example a putty adhesive.

La présente invention est maintenant décrite en détail, en commençant par la description de la procédure d'essai utilisée selon la présente invention, du type "Los Angeles". Ce qui veut dire que cette procédure s'apparente, mais n'est pas identique sur certains points à la procédure normalisée du même nom, sous la référence NF P 18-573 de l'AFNOR, au contenu de laquelle il y a lieu de se référer en tant que de besoin.The present invention is now described in detail, starting with the description of the test procedure used according to the present invention, of the "Los Angeles" type. This means that this procedure is similar, but is not identical in certain respects to the standard procedure of the same name, under the reference NF P 18-573 of AFNOR, the content of which should be refer as necessary.

Cette procédure consiste de manière générale à faire tourner dans un tambour en acier, des boulets d'acier, des éléments calibrés de ballast et, des cubes de béton revêtus de manière uniforme, et sans joints, d'une couche du matériau visco-élastique, notamment élastomère, à tester, et à observer la perte du poids de ces cubes, en fonction du nombre de tours du tambour.This procedure generally consists in rotating in a steel drum, steel balls, calibrated ballast elements and, concrete cubes uniformly coated, without joints, with a layer of visco-elastic material , in particular elastomer, to be tested, and to observe the weight loss of these cubes, as a function of the number of revolutions of the drum.

Plus précisément, la charge mise en rotation comprend :

  • 18 boulets d'acier, ayant chacun un poids entre 0,42 et 0,445 kg,
  • 9 blocs de béton, revêtus d'une couche de 5 mm du matériau à tester, assimilables chacun à un cube ; le poids total de ces cubes est P,
  • un poids P' de ballast, en silice dure, égal à P, ayant une résistance à la compression de 4000 bars.
More precisely, the load set in rotation includes:
  • 18 steel balls, each having a weight between 0.42 and 0.445 kg,
  • 9 concrete blocks, coated with a 5 mm layer of the material to be tested, each comparable to a cube; the total weight of these cubes is P,
  • a weight P 'of ballast, made of hard silica, equal to P, having a compressive strength of 4000 bars.

La charge est ensuite introduite dans un tambour en acier d'une machine d'essai, avec une vitesse de rotation de 33,33 tours/minute. A intervalle régulier, par exemple tous les 500 tours, on arrête la machine, on pèse le ballast et les bloc de béton, et on note leur perte de poids, en pourcentage par rapport à P' et P respectivement.The load is then introduced into a steel drum of a testing machine, with a rotational speed of 33.33 revolutions / minute. At regular intervals, for example every 500 revolutions, the machine is stopped, the ballast and the concrete blocks are weighed, and their weight loss is noted, in percentage relative to P 'and P respectively.

Les matériaux visco-élastiques convenant selon l'invention, doivent conduire à une perte de poids des cubes de béton, selon la procédure explicitée précédemment, inférieure à 0,2 %, au bout de 1500 tours du tambour de la machine d'essai.The visco-elastic materials suitable according to the invention must lead to a loss of weight of the concrete cubes, according to the procedure explained above, of less than 0.2%, after 1500 revolutions of the drum of the testing machine.

Un tel matériau est par exemple identifié et retenu conformément au tableau ci-après selon la procédure décrite précédemment : BETON recouvert de 5 mm du matériau élastomère BAYTEC BALLAST POIDS TOTAL Poids initial 2795 g 2790 g 5585 g 500 tours 2793 g 2625 g 5418 g 1000 tours 2793 g 2530 g 5323 g 1500 tours 2792 g 2439 g 5231 g 2000 tours 2792 g 2376 g 5168 g 2500 tours 2790 g 2312 g 5102 g Such a material is for example identified and retained in accordance with the table below according to the procedure described above: CONCRETE coated with 5 mm of BAYTEC elastomer material BALLAST TOTAL WEIGHT Initial weight 2795 g 2790 g 5585 g 500 turns 2793 g 2625 g 5418 g 1000 turns 2793 g 2530 g 5323 g 1500 turns 2792 g 2439 g 5231 g 2000 turns 2792 g 2376 g 5168 g 2500 turns 2790 g 2312 g 5102 g

Il s'agit par exemple d'un polyuréthanne bi-composants, tel que vendu par la Société BAYER sous les dénominations BAYTEC 308/309 et BAYTEC 310/309. Ce polyuréthanne est obtenu directement, c'est-à-dire sans solvant, par polymérisation directe d'un polyetherpolyol et de DMI (disocyanate-diphénylméthane). Ce polyuréthanne peut être mis en oeuvre avec tout matériel approprié de projection à chaud, avec séchage de l'air de pulvérisation, par exemple un matériel de marque UNIPRE.It is for example a two-component polyurethane, as sold by the Company BAYER under the names BAYTEC 308/309 and BAYTEC 310/309. This polyurethane is obtained directly, that is to say without solvent, by direct polymerization of a polyetherpolyol and DMI (disocyanate-diphenylmethane). This polyurethane can be used with any suitable material for hot spraying, with drying of the spraying air, for example a material of the UNIPRE brand.

Les polyuréthannes retenus, par exemple selon la présente invention, présentent les caractéristiques physiques et mécaniques suivantes :

  • densité comprise entre 0,9 et 1,1,
  • dureté Shore A comprise entre 65 et 77, selon la norme DIN 53505,
  • module à 100 % d'allongement compris entre 4 et 5 MPa, selon la norme DIN 53505,
  • module à 300 % d'allongement compris entre 7 et 10 MPa, selon la norme DIN 53504,
  • résistance à la traction comprise entre 10 et 16 MPa, selon la norme DIN 53504,
  • allongement à la rupture de l'ordre de 400 %, selon la norme DIN 53504,
  • résistance déchirure amorcée comprise entre 12 et 17 kN/m, selon la norme DIN 53515,
  • résistance à l'abrasion comprise entre 110 et 170 mm3, selon la norme DIN 53512.
The polyurethanes selected, for example according to the present invention, have the following physical and mechanical characteristics:
  • density between 0.9 and 1.1,
  • Shore A hardness between 65 and 77, according to DIN 53505,
  • 100% elongation module between 4 and 5 MPa, according to DIN 53505,
  • module at 300% elongation between 7 and 10 MPa, according to DIN 53504,
  • tensile strength between 10 and 16 MPa, according to DIN 53504,
  • elongation at break of the order of 400%, according to DIN 53504,
  • primed tear strength of between 12 and 17 kN / m, according to DIN 53515,
  • abrasion resistance between 110 and 170 mm 3 , according to DIN 53512.

La mise en oeuvre du matériau visco-élastique retenu conformément à la procédure d'essai décrite précédemment est explicitée par référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente une traverse conforme à l'invention, en béton biblocs, en coupe transversale
  • la figure 2 représente une vue de côté de la traverse représentée à la figure 1
  • la figure 3 représente une traverse en béton monobloc, conforme à la présente invention, en coupe transversale
  • la figure 4 représente une vue de côté de la traverse représentée selon figure 3
  • la figure 5 représente un support d'appareil de voie en béton, conforme à l'invention, en coupe transversale
  • la figure 6 représente en vue latérale un blochet conforme à l'invention.
The use of the visco-elastic material retained in accordance with the test procedure described above is explained by reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a crosspiece according to the invention, in two-piece concrete, in cross section
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of the cross member shown in Figure 1
  • FIG. 3 represents a one-piece concrete cross member, in accordance with the present invention, in cross section
  • Figure 4 shows a side view of the cross member shown according to Figure 3
  • FIG. 5 represents a support for a switchway apparatus made of concrete, according to the invention, in cross section
  • Figure 6 shows in side view a block according to the invention.

Selon la figure 1, une traverse selon l'invention, ou support de rail, comporte deux pièces 1 en béton armé, ou blochets, espacés l'un de l'autre, et reliés par une entretoise métallique 2. Du côté supérieur la des deux blochets sont fixés respectivement deux rails 3, dans des logements appropriés en creux légèrement inclinés l'un vers l'autre, et avec des moyens de fixation non représentés. Une semelle élastique non représentée est interposée entre le rail et chaque blochet.According to Figure 1, a sleeper according to the invention, or rail support, comprises two pieces 1 of reinforced concrete, or blocks, spaced from one another, and connected by a metal spacer 2. On the upper side the two blocks are fixed respectively two rails 3, in suitable recesses recessed slightly inclined towards one another, and with fixing means not shown. An elastic sole, not shown, is interposed between the rail and each block.

Du côté inférieur 1b des deux blochets 1 respectivement, sont fixés deux semelles 4 en matériau visco-élastique ou élastomère, selon une zone d'adhésion correspondant à toute la surface de la face inférieure 1b des deux blochets 1. Par conséquent, les deux blochets 1 sont posés sur les deux semelles 4 respectivement, ces dernières étant au contact du ballast 5 ; et selon toute la face inférieure 1b des blochets 1, le matériau élastomère retenu est solidaire du substrat ou béton desdits blochets.On the lower side 1b of the two blocks 1 respectively, two soles 4 are fixed in viscoelastic or elastomeric material, according to an adhesion zone corresponding to the entire surface of the lower face 1b of the two blocks 1. Consequently, the two blocks 1 are placed on the two flanges 4 respectively, the latter being in contact with the ballast 5; and along the entire underside 1b of the blocks 1, the elastomeric material retained is integral with the substrate or concrete of said blocks.

Conformément aux figures 3 et 4, la face inférieure 1b d'une traverse en béton monobloc 1, est revêtue par une semelle 4 en matériau élastomère, adhérant au substrat de la traverse selon deux zones d'adhésion séparées, correspondant à deux tampons 4a et 4b, disposés en vis-à-vis des deux rails 3 respectivement.In accordance with FIGS. 3 and 4, the lower face 1b of a single-piece concrete cross member 1, is coated with a sole 4 of elastomeric material, adhering to the substrate of the cross member according to two separate adhesion zones, corresponding to two buffers 4a and 4b, arranged opposite the two rails 3 respectively.

Conformément à la figure 5, il s'agit d'un support en béton 1 pour appareil de voie. La face inférieure 1b de support est revêtue partiellement par une semelle 4 en matériau visco-élastique, consistant en différents tampons 4a, 4b et 4c, disposés à l'aplomb des rails 3 de l'appareil de voie respectivement.In accordance with FIG. 5, it is a concrete support 1 for a switchway. The underside 1b of support is partially covered by a sole 4 of visco-elastic material, consisting of different buffers 4a, 4b and 4c, arranged vertically above the rails 3 of the track apparatus respectively.

Conformément à la figure 6, il s'agit d'un simple blochet en béton 1, revêtu sur sa face inférieure 1b par une semelle 4 en matériau élastomère, adhérant d'un côté au substrat en béton, et au contact de l'autre côté avec le ballast 5.In accordance with FIG. 6, it is a simple concrete block 1, coated on its underside 1b with a sole 4 made of elastomeric material, adhering on one side to the concrete substrate, and in contact with the other. side with ballast 5.

Des supports ou traverses conformes à la présente invention, tels que représentés à la figure 1, et revêtus du matériau BAYTEC avec une épaisseur de 0,5 cm, ont été testés selon la procédure dite "vibrateur unidirectionnel", explicitée par référence à la figure 7.Supports or crosspieces in accordance with the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, and coated with the BAYTEC material with a thickness of 0.5 cm, were tested according to the procedure known as "unidirectional vibrator", explained with reference to the figure. 7.

Dans une fosse en béton 50, on dispose une charge de ballast 51, présentant un coefficient de dureté DRG minimum de 17 suivant la norme NF F 53695. Une traverse 52 avec ses blochets 53 est disposée horizontalement dans la fosse sur le ballast. Deux rails 54 de longueur limitée, sont montés chacun sur un blochet, parallèlement l'un à l'autre, et perpendiculairement à la traverse. Deux charges 55 sont appliquées aux deux extrémités respectivement d'un même rail, à cinq mètres de part et d'autre de la traverse, pour conférer à chaque rail une flèche de 10 cm environ, et pour représenter une précharge de 40 kN sur la traverse. Un vibrateur unidirectionnel transmet ensuite à la traverse à essayer, par l'intermédiaire d'une poutre et des deux rails 54, une force verticale sinusoïdale de ± 45 kN, à la fréquence de 50 Hz.In a concrete pit 50, there is a ballast load 51, having a minimum DRG hardness coefficient of 17 according to standard NF F 53695. A crosspiece 52 with its blocks 53 is arranged horizontally in the pit on the ballast. Two rails 54 of limited length are each mounted on a block, parallel to each other, and perpendicular to the crosspiece. Two loads 55 are applied to the two ends respectively of the same rail, five meters on either side of the cross-member, to give each rail an arrow of approximately 10 cm, and to represent a preload of 40 kN on the crosses. A unidirectional vibrator then transmits to the cross-member to be tested, via a beam and the two rails 54, a sinusoidal vertical force of ± 45 kN, at the frequency of 50 Hz.

L'essai consiste à mettre la traverse en vibration, pendant 200 heures, à raison de 5 heures par jour, et par cycles de 30 minutes, suivis de 15 minutes de repos. En fin d'essai, on observe l'état de l'élément testé, en l'occurrence la face inférieure des blochets de béton.The test consists of vibrating the cross member for 200 hours, 5 hours a day, and in 30-minute cycles, followed by 15 minutes of rest. At the end of the test, the condition of the element tested, in this case the underside of the concrete blocks, is observed.

A l'issue de cet essai, on observe que le patin en matériau élastomère est entamé partiellement par le ballast, mais sans rupture de la couche dudit matériau, c'est-à-dire en préservant la face inférieure des blochets de tout contact avec le ballast. Le résultat recherché est donc obtenu.At the end of this test, it is observed that the pad of elastomeric material is partially started by the ballast, but without rupture of the layer of said material, that is to say by preserving the underside of the blocks from any contact with the ballast. The desired result is therefore obtained.

Ceci étant, on observe au passage deux résultats essentiels et surprenants :

  • 1) l'usure du ballast est demeurée très limitée
  • 2) il n'y a pas eu de tassement du ballast ; il n'a donc pas fallu redonner la flèche initiale des rails par bourrage du ballast.
That said, we observe in passing two essential and surprising results:
  • 1) ballast wear remained very limited
  • 2) there was no compaction of the ballast; it was therefore not necessary to restore the initial deflection of the rails by stuffing the ballast.

Claims (6)

  1. Permanent way comprising a relatively hard formation, a ballast arranged on the latter, rail supports comprising at least one concrete piece (1) and two stretches of rails (3) arranged and fixed in parallel on the said supports, on one side of at least the said concrete piece, and a pad (4) of viscoelastic material bonded to at least the said concrete piece (1) on its lower face (1b) opposite the rail (3), the viscoelastic material being a substantially non-porous material having a density greater than 0.9 and/or a Shore A hardness equal to at least 65, the viscoelastic material of the pad (4) adhering to the substrate of at least one concrete piece (1), in a plurality of separate adhesion zones, especially according to two buffer-pads (4a, 4b) perpendicularly to the two stretches of rails (3) and the viscoelastic material having a resistance to fragmentation and abrasion, expressed by the loss of weight of concrete cubes covered with the said material, in accordance with a standard test procedure of the Los Angeles type, of less than 0.2% after 1500 revolutions of the drum of the test machine.
  2. Permanent way according to Claim 1, characterized in that the Shore A hardness of the viscoelastic material lies between 65 and 77.
  3. Rail support for a permanent way, comprising at least one concrete piece (1) bonded, on its lower face (1b) opposite that which is to receive a rail (3), to a pad (4) of viscoelastic material, the viscoelastic material being a substantially non-porous material having a density greater than 0.9 and/or a Shore A hardness equal to at least 65, the viscoelastic material of the pad (4) adhering to the substrate of at least one concrete piece (1), in a plurality of separate adhesion zones, especially according to two buffer-pads (4a, 4b) perpendicularly to the two stretches of rails (3) to be received, and the viscoelastic material having a resistance to fragmentation and abrasion, expressed by the loss of weight of concrete cubes covered with the said material, in accordance with a standard test procedure of the Los Angeles type, of less than 0.2% after 1500 revolutions of the drum of the test machine.
  4. Method for obtaining a rail support, according to Claim 3, intended for the production of a permanent way according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that a synthetic elastomer, obtained when it is applied to the said support, is deposited in a layer on the latter, using at least one of the following techniques, namely spraying, pouring or application with a brush or a roller on the lower face of at least one said concrete piece.
EP91420222A 1990-07-06 1991-07-04 Railway track Expired - Lifetime EP0465390B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9009181 1990-07-06
FR9009181A FR2664307B1 (en) 1990-07-06 1990-07-06 RAIL SUPPORT, AND RAIL TRACK OBTAINED WITH SUCH SUPPORTS.

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EP0465390A1 EP0465390A1 (en) 1992-01-08
EP0465390B1 true EP0465390B1 (en) 1995-10-18

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DE (1) DE69113884T2 (en)
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ES (1) ES2079612T3 (en)
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EP1186709A2 (en) * 2000-09-12 2002-03-13 Plasticos Mondragon, S.A. Concrete sleeper sole for high speed rail track
EP1186709A3 (en) * 2000-09-12 2002-07-03 Plasticos Mondragon, S.A. Concrete sleeper sole for high speed rail track

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DK0465390T3 (en) 1996-03-04
FR2664307A1 (en) 1992-01-10
DE69113884D1 (en) 1995-11-23
KR0169128B1 (en) 1999-02-18
EP0465390A1 (en) 1992-01-08
FR2664307B1 (en) 1995-03-31
DE69113884T2 (en) 1996-03-21
GR3018673T3 (en) 1996-04-30
KR920002882A (en) 1992-02-28
ES2079612T3 (en) 1996-01-16
ATE129305T1 (en) 1995-11-15

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