EP0465281B1 - Sliding door and its actuating mechanism - Google Patents

Sliding door and its actuating mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0465281B1
EP0465281B1 EP91401499A EP91401499A EP0465281B1 EP 0465281 B1 EP0465281 B1 EP 0465281B1 EP 91401499 A EP91401499 A EP 91401499A EP 91401499 A EP91401499 A EP 91401499A EP 0465281 B1 EP0465281 B1 EP 0465281B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
leaf
leaves
door
door opening
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91401499A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0465281A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Maurice Moreau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Faiveley Transport SA
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Faiveley Transport SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Faiveley Transport SA filed Critical Faiveley Transport SA
Priority to AT91401499T priority Critical patent/ATE94252T1/en
Publication of EP0465281A1 publication Critical patent/EP0465281A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0465281B1 publication Critical patent/EP0465281B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D15/1042—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving carriage
    • E05D15/1044—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving carriage specially adapted for use in railway-cars or mass transit vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D15/1065—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track
    • E05D15/1068—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track specially adapted for use in railway-cars or mass transit vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/632—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
    • E05F15/643—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings operated by flexible elongated pulling elements, e.g. belts, chains or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/632—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
    • E05F15/652—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings operated by screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/08—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane consisting of two or more independent parts movable each in its own guides
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D15/1042—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving carriage
    • E05D2015/1055—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving carriage with slanted or curved track sections or cams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D15/1065—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track
    • E05D2015/1071—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track the track being directly linked to the fixed frame, e.g. slidingly
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D15/1065—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track
    • E05D2015/1071—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track the track being directly linked to the fixed frame, e.g. slidingly
    • E05D2015/1076—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track the track being directly linked to the fixed frame, e.g. slidingly swinging transversely, e.g. on arms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
    • E05Y2900/51—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles for railway cars or mass transit vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sliding door comprising two leaves mounted to slide relative to one another to open and close a door opening.
  • the invention applies in particular to sliding sliding doors of railway vehicles.
  • the translation mechanism comprises a flexible link (ex: belt) wound on two pulleys fixed above the door, the two parallel strands of this link being respectively connected to the two leaves so as to allow a translation of these in opposite directions.
  • the translation mechanism comprises two endless screws extending end to end above the leaves, a nut being screwed onto each of these screws.
  • Each nut is connected to a leaf.
  • These screws have threads in opposite directions so that during the rotation of these screws controlled by an electric motor (or a pneumatic motor), the nuts move in opposite directions, thus moving the leaves towards each other. when closing or moving them apart when opening.
  • the strands of the link or the nuts of the endless screws are connected directly to the upper edge of the leaves at points located near the vertical edges of these leaves adjacent to the middle of the door opening.
  • the length of the two strands of the or the length of the two endless screws put end to end necessarily exceeds the width of the door opening.
  • a third device described in EP-A-0 090 951, allows the guide rails not to protrude from the frame of the door when the latter is closed. The guide rails nevertheless protrude from the door opening.
  • the size of the rails is resolved by DE-A-2 805 411 using a suspension of the belt type, but this device does not ensure good guidance of the leaves.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the embodiments known above by creating a sliding door with two leaves whose control mechanism, including its electric motor, can be housed entirely in the dead space located above the door opening and between two lines extending the vertical edges of this opening, while ensuring excellent guidance of the leaves.
  • this sliding door is characterized in that each leaf carries at its upper part a horizontal slide engaged on a slide, each slide projecting from the vertical edge of the leaf adjacent to the middle of the door opening, the two slides being fixed to one face of the leaves and being vertically offset from each other, so that when the leaves are closed the slides can cross parallel to each other and that the slide of each leaves can engage behind said face of the other leaf, one of the translation means being connected to the slide of one of the leaves at a point close to its free end and the other translation means being connected to the slide of the other leaf at a point close to the vertical edge of this leaf.
  • connections provided between the means of translation of the mechanism and the slides which extend laterally from the vertical edges of the leaves are such that when these leaves are opened or closed, these connections move in opposite directions each over a corresponding distance only half the width of the door opening.
  • the length of the translational mechanism barely exceeds half the width above, so that the space available between one of the ends of the mechanism and a straight line extending up one of the vertical edges of the he opening of the door is more than enough to accommodate an electric motor.
  • the invention thus effectively and economically solves the problem posed by known embodiments.
  • each slide projects from the vertical edge of a leaf at a distance substantially equal to the stroke of the leaf and the distance between the two points of connection of the translation means to the two leaves is substantially equal to the travel of each leaf.
  • the invention also applies to sliding and swinging doors in which the two leaves engage in the opening of the door at the end of the closing stroke, so as to clear the useful space located on the inside of the door.
  • the sliding door in particular for railway vehicles comprises two leaves 1, 2 mounted sliding one relative to the other to open and close a door opening 3.
  • the opening and closing of this door is controlled by an electric motor 4 cooperating with a mechanism 5 comprising two translation means 6, 7 movable in two opposite directions, each of said translation means 6, 7 being connected to a leaf 1, 2.
  • Each leaf 1, 2 carries its upper part a horizontal slide 8, 9 engaged on a slide 10, 11.
  • Each slide 8, 9 projects from the vertical edge 12, 13 of the leaf adjacent to the middle M of the opening 3 of the door.
  • the two slides 8, 9 are fixed to one face 1a, 2a of the leaves and are offset vertically from one another, so that, when the leaves are closed, these slides (8, 9) can cross in parallel l to each other and that the slide of each leaf can engage behind the face 1a or 2a of the other leaf (see in particular Figures 2 and 4).
  • the slides 8, 9 have a substantially U-shaped cross section and balls 14 are included between the inner faces of the slides and raceways 15 formed on the slides 10, 11 so as to allow relative sliding substantially without friction and without play.
  • the entire control mechanism 5, including the electric motor 4 is housed in the space 16 located above the opening 3 of the door, without protruding outside of the latter.
  • One 7 of the translation means is connected to the slide 9 of one of the leaves 2 at a point 17 close to its free end 9a and the other translation means 6 is connected to the slide 8 of the other leaf 1 at a point 18 close to the vertical edge 12 of this leaf.
  • each slide 8, 9 projects from the vertical edge 12, 13 of a leaf 1, 2 at a distance substantially equal to the stroke of said leaf.
  • the distance D between the two connection points 17, 18 of the translation means 6, 7 to the two leaves 1, 2 is substantially equal to the stroke C of each leaf 1, 2.
  • the translation means comprise two endless screws 19, 20 extending parallel to each other from a point P situated substantially vertically from one 3a edges of the opening 3 of the door, to a point Q located between the middle M of the opening 3 of the door and the other edge 3b of the latter.
  • the electric motor 4 is fixed to the end Q of one of the endless screws 19 and extends in a space which does not extend beyond the other edge 3b of the opening 3 of the door.
  • Each worm 19, 20 carries a nut 6, 7 into which it is screwed, this nut being connected to one of the slides 8, 9 by rigid connections 21, 22 fixed at points 17, 18 of these slides.
  • the direction of threading of said screws 19, 20 and the direction of rotation thereof is such that the nuts 6, 7 move in opposite directions (see in particular Figure 3).
  • the two worms 19, 20 are connected together by pinions 23, 24 meshing with each other, so that the screws 19, 20 rotate in directions opposites.
  • the threads of the screws 19, 20 must be in the same direction so that the nuts 6, 7 move in opposite directions during the rotation of these screws 19, 20.
  • the translation means comprise a chain 25 or toothed belt wound around two toothed wheels 26, 27 spaced apart so as to form two parallel strands of chain 25a, 25b.
  • One 26 of the toothed wheels is located substantially vertically from one 3a of the edges of the opening 3 of the door and the other toothed wheel 27 is located between the middle M of this opening 3 of the door and the 'other edge 3b of the latter.
  • the electric motor 4 is disposed between this other toothed wheel 27 and this other edge 3b and each strand 25a, 25b of the chain 25 is connected to one of the slides 8, 9 at the points 17 and 18 previously defined.
  • the distance between points 17, 18 is equal to the travel C of each of the leaves, from their open or closed position.
  • FIG. 7 show that the door is also called “tacking” and for this purpose comprises in the space 16 located above the opening 3 of the door two fixed guide rails 29, 30 located in the extension of one another and having at their ends adjacent to the middle M of the door two parts 29a, 30a curved towards the outside of the opening 3 of the door.
  • Each leaf 1, 2 has at its upper part a tab 31, 32 carrying a finger 33a, 33b engaged in one of the rails 29, 30, to guide the leaf 1, 2 relative to said rail 29, 30.
  • the curved parts 29a , 30a rails 29, 30 are used to engage the leaves 1, 2 in the opening 3 of the door in the closed position, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the beam 28 which carries the slides 10, 11, as well as the slides 8, 9 of the leaves 1, 2 are located opposite the face 1a, 2a of the leaves 1, 2 directed to the outside of the door opening 3.
  • the beam 28 extends substantially over the entire width of the opening 3 of the door and is free relative to the latter so as to be able to engage in this opening 3, at the same time as the leaves 1, 2 at the end of their closing travel, as shown in Figure 7.
  • the electric motor 4 is started in the closing direction.
  • This motor 4 rotates the screws 19, 20 in opposite directions, which moves the nuts 6, 7 in opposite directions.
  • the nut 6 approaches the motor 4, while the nut 7 moves away therefrom, simultaneously bringing the leaves 1, 2 from the middle M to the opening 3 of the door.
  • the main technical advantage of the sliding and swinging door lies in the fact that the entire mechanism 5 for controlling the opening and closing, including its electric motor 4, is housed in the dead space located above the opening 3 of the door without protruding outside the vertical edges 3a and 3b thereof.
  • this mechanism 5 and its motor 4 do not clutter the useful space inside the premises or the vehicle.

Abstract

Each leaf (1, 2) carries in its upper part a horizontal slide (8, 9) engaged on a slideway (10, 11), each slide (8, 9) projecting from the vertical edge (12, 13) of the leaf adjacent to the middle (M) of the aperture (3) of the door, the two slides (8, 9) being fastened to one face (1a, 2a) of the leaves and being offset vertically relative to one another. The entire control mechanism (5), including the electric motor (4), is accommodated in the space (16) located above the aperture (3) of the door, without projecting outside this, one (7) of the means of translational movement being connected to the slide (9) of one of the leaves at a point (17) near its free end (9a), and the other means of translational movement (6) being connected to the slide (8) of the other leaf (1) at a point (18) near the vertical edge (12) of this leaf. The invention is used especially on sliding and folding doors of rail vehicles. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne une porte coulissante comprenant deux vantaux montés coulissants l'un relativement à l'autre pour ouvrir et fermer une ouverture de porte.The present invention relates to a sliding door comprising two leaves mounted to slide relative to one another to open and close a door opening.

L'invention s'applique notamment aux portes louvoyantes coulissantes des véhicules ferroviaires.The invention applies in particular to sliding sliding doors of railway vehicles.

Dans les portes coulissantes de ce type, l'ouverture et la fermeture des vantaux est commandée par un moteur électrique coopérant avec un mécanisme de translation. Une commande par vérin pneumatique est également possible.In sliding doors of this type, the opening and closing of the leaves is controlled by an electric motor cooperating with a translation mechanism. Pneumatic cylinder control is also possible.

Dans un premier mode de réalisation connu, le mécanisme de translation comprend un lien flexible (ex. : courroie) enroulé sur deux poulies fixée au-dessus de la porte, les deux brins parallèles de ce lien étant reliés respectivement aux deux vantaux de façon à permettre une translation de ces derniers dans des directions opposées.In a first known embodiment, the translation mechanism comprises a flexible link (ex: belt) wound on two pulleys fixed above the door, the two parallel strands of this link being respectively connected to the two leaves so as to allow a translation of these in opposite directions.

Dans un second mode de réalisation connu, le mécanisme de translation comprend deux vis sans fin s'étendant bout à bout au-dessus des vantaux, un écrou étant vissé sur chacune de ces vis. Chaque écrou est relié à un vantail. Ces vis présentent des filetages de sens opposés de sorte que lors de la rotation de ces vis commandée par un moteur électrique (ou un moteur pneumatique), les écrous se déplacent dans des directions opposées en déplaçant ainsi les vantaux l'un vers l'autre lors de la fermeture ou en les écartant l'un de l'autre lors de l'ouverture.In a second known embodiment, the translation mechanism comprises two endless screws extending end to end above the leaves, a nut being screwed onto each of these screws. Each nut is connected to a leaf. These screws have threads in opposite directions so that during the rotation of these screws controlled by an electric motor (or a pneumatic motor), the nuts move in opposite directions, thus moving the leaves towards each other. when closing or moving them apart when opening.

Dans les deux réalisations connues ci-dessus, les brins du lien ou les écrous des vis sans fin sont reliés directement au bord supérieur des vantaux en des points situés près des bords verticaux de ces vantaux adjacents au milieu de l'ouverture de la porte.In the two embodiments known above, the strands of the link or the nuts of the endless screws are connected directly to the upper edge of the leaves at points located near the vertical edges of these leaves adjacent to the middle of the door opening.

De ce fait, la longueur des deux brins du ou la longueur des deux vis sans fin mises bout à bout dépasse nécessairement la largeur de l'ouverture de la porte.Therefore, the length of the two strands of the or the length of the two endless screws put end to end necessarily exceeds the width of the door opening.

Un troisième dispositif, décrit dans EP-A-0 090 951, permet aux rails de guidage de ne pas dépasser du cadre de la porte lorsque celle-ci est fermée. Les rails de guidage dépassent néanmoins de l'ouverture de la porte.A third device, described in EP-A-0 090 951, allows the guide rails not to protrude from the frame of the door when the latter is closed. The guide rails nevertheless protrude from the door opening.

L'encombrement des rails est résolu par DE-A-2 805 411 en utilisant une suspension du type courroie, mais ce dispositif ne permet pas d'assurer un bon guidage des vantaux.The size of the rails is resolved by DE-A-2 805 411 using a suspension of the belt type, but this device does not ensure good guidance of the leaves.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier aux réalisations connues ci-dessus en créant une porte coulissante à deux vantaux dont le mécanisme de commande, y compris son moteur électrique puisse se loger entièrement dans l'espace mort situé au-dessus de l'ouverture de la porte et compris entre deux droites prolongeant les bords verticaux de cette ouverture, tout en assurant un excellent guidage des vantaux.The object of the present invention is to remedy the embodiments known above by creating a sliding door with two leaves whose control mechanism, including its electric motor, can be housed entirely in the dead space located above the door opening and between two lines extending the vertical edges of this opening, while ensuring excellent guidance of the leaves.

Suivant l'invention, cette porte coulissante est caractérisée en ce que chaque vantail porte à sa partie supérieure une glissière horizontale engagée sur un coulisseau, chaque glissière faisant saillie à partir du bord vertical du vantail adjacent au milieu de l'ouverture de la porte, les deux glissières étant fixées à une face des vantaux et étant décalées verticalement l'une de l'autre, de façon que lors de la fermeture des vantaux les glissières puissent se croiser parallèlement l'une à l'autre et que la glissière de chacun des vantaux puisse s'engager derrière ladite face de l'autre vantail, l'un des moyens de translation étant relié à la glissière de l'un des vantaux en un point proche de son extrémité libre et l'autre moyen de translation étant relié à la glissière de l'autre vantail en un point proche du bord vertical de ce vantail.According to the invention, this sliding door is characterized in that each leaf carries at its upper part a horizontal slide engaged on a slide, each slide projecting from the vertical edge of the leaf adjacent to the middle of the door opening, the two slides being fixed to one face of the leaves and being vertically offset from each other, so that when the leaves are closed the slides can cross parallel to each other and that the slide of each leaves can engage behind said face of the other leaf, one of the translation means being connected to the slide of one of the leaves at a point close to its free end and the other translation means being connected to the slide of the other leaf at a point close to the vertical edge of this leaf.

Les liaisons prévues entre les moyens de translation du mécanisme et les glissières qui débordent latéralement des bords verticaux des vantaux sont telles que lors de l'ouverture ou de la fermeture de ces vantaux, ces liaisons se déplacent dans des directions opposées chacune sur une distance correspondant seulement à la moitié de la largeur de l'ouverture de la porte.The connections provided between the means of translation of the mechanism and the slides which extend laterally from the vertical edges of the leaves are such that when these leaves are opened or closed, these connections move in opposite directions each over a corresponding distance only half the width of the door opening.

Ainsi, la longueur du mécanisme de translation dépasse à peine la moitié de la largeur ci-dessus, de sorte que l'espace disponible entre l'une des extrémités du mécanisme et une droite prolongeant vers le haut l'un des bords verticaux de l'ouverture de la porte est largement suffisant pour y loger un moteur électrique.Thus, the length of the translational mechanism barely exceeds half the width above, so that the space available between one of the ends of the mechanism and a straight line extending up one of the vertical edges of the he opening of the door is more than enough to accommodate an electric motor.

Par ailleurs, les glissières des vantaux engagées sur des coulisseaux permettent d'assurer un excellent guidage de ces vantaux.In addition, the slideways of the leaves engaged on slides make it possible to ensure excellent guidance of these leaves.

L'invention résout ainsi d'une manière efficace et économique le problème posé par les réalisations connues.The invention thus effectively and economically solves the problem posed by known embodiments.

Selon une version préférée de l'invention, chaque glissière fait saillie à partir du bord vertical d'un vantail suivant une distance sensiblement égale à la course du vantail et la distance comprise entre les deux points de liaison des moyens de translation aux deux vantaux est sensiblement égale à la course de chaque vantail.According to a preferred version of the invention, each slide projects from the vertical edge of a leaf at a distance substantially equal to the stroke of the leaf and the distance between the two points of connection of the translation means to the two leaves is substantially equal to the travel of each leaf.

L'invention s'applique également aux portes coulissantes et louvoyantes dans lesquelles les deux vantaux viennent s'engager dans l'ouverture de la porte en fin de course de fermeture, de façon à dégager l'espace utile situé sur le côté intérieur de la porte.The invention also applies to sliding and swinging doors in which the two leaves engage in the opening of the door at the end of the closing stroke, so as to clear the useful space located on the inside of the door.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore dans la description ci-après.Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the description below.

Aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective avec arrachements d'une porte coulissante conforme à l'invention et de son mécanisme de commande,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en élévation partielle, de la porte et de son mécanisme, en position de fermeture,
  • la figure 3 est une vue analogue à la figure 2, la porte étant en position d'ouverture,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en élévation partielle, de la porte commandée par un autre mécanisme, en position de fermeture,
  • la figure 5 est une vue analogue à la figure 4, la porte étant en position d'ouverture,
  • la figure 6 est une vue en plan de dessus de la porte, en position d'ouverture,
  • la figure 7 est une vue en plan de dessus de la porte en position de fermeture.
In the appended drawings, given by way of nonlimiting examples:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view with cutaway of a sliding door according to the invention and of its control mechanism,
  • FIG. 2 is a partial elevation view of the door and its mechanism, in the closed position,
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, the door being in the open position,
  • FIG. 4 is a partial elevation view of the door controlled by another mechanism, in the closed position,
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, the door being in the open position,
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the door, in the open position,
  • Figure 7 is a top plan view of the door in the closed position.

Dans la réalisation des figures annexées, la porte coulissante notamment pour véhicules ferroviaires comprend deux vantaux 1, 2 montés coulissants l'un relativement à l'autre pour ouvrir et fermer une ouverture de porte 3. L'ouverture et la fermeture de cette porte est commandée par un moteur électrique 4 coopérant avec un mécanisme 5 comprenant deux moyens de translation 6, 7 mobiles dans deux directions opposées, chacun desdits moyens de translation 6, 7 étant relié à un vantail 1, 2. Chaque vantail 1, 2 porte à sa partie supérieure une glissière horizontale 8, 9 engagée sur un coulisseau 10, 11. Chaque glissière 8, 9 fait saillie à partir du bord vertical 12, 13 du vantail adjacent au milieu M de l'ouverture 3 de la porte. Les deux glissières 8, 9 sont fixées à une face 1a, 2a des vantaux et sont décalées verticalement l'une de l'autre, de façon que, lors de la fermeture des vantaux ces glissières (8, 9) puissent se croiser parallèlement l'une à l'autre et que la glissière de chaque vantail puisse s'engager derrière la face 1a ou 2a de l'autre vantail (voir notamment les figures 2 et 4).In the embodiment of the appended figures, the sliding door in particular for railway vehicles comprises two leaves 1, 2 mounted sliding one relative to the other to open and close a door opening 3. The opening and closing of this door is controlled by an electric motor 4 cooperating with a mechanism 5 comprising two translation means 6, 7 movable in two opposite directions, each of said translation means 6, 7 being connected to a leaf 1, 2. Each leaf 1, 2 carries its upper part a horizontal slide 8, 9 engaged on a slide 10, 11. Each slide 8, 9 projects from the vertical edge 12, 13 of the leaf adjacent to the middle M of the opening 3 of the door. The two slides 8, 9 are fixed to one face 1a, 2a of the leaves and are offset vertically from one another, so that, when the leaves are closed, these slides (8, 9) can cross in parallel l to each other and that the slide of each leaf can engage behind the face 1a or 2a of the other leaf (see in particular Figures 2 and 4).

Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, les glissières 8, 9 présentent une section transversale sensiblement en U et des billes 14 sont comprises entre les faces internes des glissières et des chemins de roulement 15 ménagés sur les coulissaux 10, 11 de façon à permettre un coulissement relatif sensiblement sans frottement et sans jeu.In the example shown in Figure 1, the slides 8, 9 have a substantially U-shaped cross section and balls 14 are included between the inner faces of the slides and raceways 15 formed on the slides 10, 11 so as to allow relative sliding substantially without friction and without play.

L'ensemble du mécanisme de commande 5, y compris le moteur électrique 4 est logé dans l'espace 16 situé au-dessus de l'ouverture 3 de la porte, sans déborder à l'extérieur de celle-ci. L'un 7 des moyens de translation est relié à la glissière 9 de l'un des vantaux 2 en un point 17 proche de son extrémité libre 9a et l'autre moyen de translation 6 est relié à la glissière 8 de l'autre vantail 1 en un point 18 proche du bord vertical 12 de ce vantail.The entire control mechanism 5, including the electric motor 4 is housed in the space 16 located above the opening 3 of the door, without protruding outside of the latter. One 7 of the translation means is connected to the slide 9 of one of the leaves 2 at a point 17 close to its free end 9a and the other translation means 6 is connected to the slide 8 of the other leaf 1 at a point 18 close to the vertical edge 12 of this leaf.

On voit notamment sur les figures 3 et 5, que chaque glissière 8, 9 fait saillie à partir du bord vertical 12, 13 d'un vantail 1, 2 suivant une distance sensiblement égale à la course dudit vantail.It can be seen in particular in FIGS. 3 and 5 that each slide 8, 9 projects from the vertical edge 12, 13 of a leaf 1, 2 at a distance substantially equal to the stroke of said leaf.

Par ailleurs, la distance D comprise entre les deux points de liaison 17, 18 des moyens de translation 6, 7 aux deux vantaux 1, 2 est sensiblement égale à la course C de chaque vantail 1, 2.Furthermore, the distance D between the two connection points 17, 18 of the translation means 6, 7 to the two leaves 1, 2 is substantially equal to the stroke C of each leaf 1, 2.

Dans l'exemple des figures 1 à 3, les moyens de translation comprennent deux vis sans fin 19, 20 s'étendant parallèlement l'une à l'autre à partir d'un point P situé sensiblement à la verticale de l'un 3a des bords de l'ouverture 3 de la porte, jusqu'à un point Q situé entre le milieu M de l'ouverture 3 de la porte et l'autre bord 3b de celle-ci. Le moteur électrique 4 est fixé à l'extrémité Q de l'une 19 des vis sans fin et s'étend dans un espace quine déborde pas au-delà de l'autre bord 3b de l'ouverture 3 de la porte.In the example of FIGS. 1 to 3, the translation means comprise two endless screws 19, 20 extending parallel to each other from a point P situated substantially vertically from one 3a edges of the opening 3 of the door, to a point Q located between the middle M of the opening 3 of the door and the other edge 3b of the latter. The electric motor 4 is fixed to the end Q of one of the endless screws 19 and extends in a space which does not extend beyond the other edge 3b of the opening 3 of the door.

Chaque vis sans fin 19, 20 porte un écrou 6, 7 dans lequel elle est vissée, cet écrou étant relié à l'une des glissières 8, 9 par des liaisons rigides 21, 22 fixées aux points 17, 18 de ces glissières. Le sens du filetage desdites vis 19, 20 et le sens de rotation de celles-ci est tel que les écrous 6, 7 se déplacent dans des directions opposées (voir notamment la figure 3).Each worm 19, 20 carries a nut 6, 7 into which it is screwed, this nut being connected to one of the slides 8, 9 by rigid connections 21, 22 fixed at points 17, 18 of these slides. The direction of threading of said screws 19, 20 and the direction of rotation thereof is such that the nuts 6, 7 move in opposite directions (see in particular Figure 3).

Dans l'exemple représenté sur les figures 1 à 3, les deux vis sans fin 19, 20 sont reliées ensemble par des pignons 23, 24 engrènant l'un avec l'autre, de sorte que les vis 19, 20 tournent dans des sens opposés. Ainsi, les filetages des vis 19, 20 doivent être de même sens pour que les écrous 6, 7 se déplacent dans des sens opposés lors de la rotation de ces vis 19, 20.In the example shown in Figures 1 to 3, the two worms 19, 20 are connected together by pinions 23, 24 meshing with each other, so that the screws 19, 20 rotate in directions opposites. Thus, the threads of the screws 19, 20 must be in the same direction so that the nuts 6, 7 move in opposite directions during the rotation of these screws 19, 20.

Dans l'exemple représenté sur les figures 4 et 5, les moyens de translation comprennent une chaîne 25 ou courroie crantée enroulée autour de deux roues dentées 26, 27 espacées de façon à former deux brins de chaîne 25a, 25b parallèles. L'une 26 des roues dentées est située sensiblement à la verticale de l'un 3a des bords de l'ouverture 3 de la porte et l'autre roue dentée 27 est située entre le milieu M de cette ouverture 3 de la porte et l'autre bord 3b de cette dernière. Le moteur électrique 4 est disposé entre cette autre roue dentée 27 et cet autre bord 3b et chaque brin 25a, 25b de la chaîne 25 est relié à l'une des glissières 8, 9 aux points 17 et 18 précédemment définis. Comme dans la version précédente, la distance entre les points 17, 18 est égale à la course C de chacun des vantaux, à partir de leur position ouverte ou fermée.In the example shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the translation means comprise a chain 25 or toothed belt wound around two toothed wheels 26, 27 spaced apart so as to form two parallel strands of chain 25a, 25b. One 26 of the toothed wheels is located substantially vertically from one 3a of the edges of the opening 3 of the door and the other toothed wheel 27 is located between the middle M of this opening 3 of the door and the 'other edge 3b of the latter. The electric motor 4 is disposed between this other toothed wheel 27 and this other edge 3b and each strand 25a, 25b of the chain 25 is connected to one of the slides 8, 9 at the points 17 and 18 previously defined. As in the previous version, the distance between points 17, 18 is equal to the travel C of each of the leaves, from their open or closed position.

On voit également sur les figures 6, 7 que les coulisseaux 10, 11 sont portés par une poutre 28.It can also be seen in FIGS. 6, 7 that the slides 10, 11 are carried by a beam 28.

Ces figures 1, 6, 7 montrent également que la porte est également dite "louvoyante" et comprend à cet effet dans l'espace 16 situé au-dessus de l'ouverture 3 de la porte deux rails de guidages fixes 29, 30 situés dans le prolongement l'un de l'autre et présentant à leurs extrémités adjacentes au milieu M de la porte deux parties 29a, 30a recourbées vers l'extérieur de l'ouverture 3 de la porte. Chaque vantail 1, 2 comporte à sa partie supérieure une patte 31, 32 portant un doigt 33a, 33b engagé dans l'un des rails 29, 30, pour guider le vantail 1, 2 relativement audit rail 29, 30. Les parties recourbées 29a, 30a des rails 29, 30 servent à engager les vantaux 1, 2 dans l'ouverture 3 de la porte en position de fermeture, comme indiqué sur la figure 7.These Figures 1, 6, 7 also show that the door is also called "tacking" and for this purpose comprises in the space 16 located above the opening 3 of the door two fixed guide rails 29, 30 located in the extension of one another and having at their ends adjacent to the middle M of the door two parts 29a, 30a curved towards the outside of the opening 3 of the door. Each leaf 1, 2 has at its upper part a tab 31, 32 carrying a finger 33a, 33b engaged in one of the rails 29, 30, to guide the leaf 1, 2 relative to said rail 29, 30. The curved parts 29a , 30a rails 29, 30 are used to engage the leaves 1, 2 in the opening 3 of the door in the closed position, as shown in FIG. 7.

On voit également sur les figures 6 et 7, que la poutre 28 qui porte les coulisseaux 10, 11, ainsi que les glissières 8, 9 des vantaux 1, 2 sont situés en regard de la face 1a, 2a des vantaux 1, 2 dirigée vers l'extérieur de l'ouverture 3 de la porte. De plus, la poutre 28 s'étend sensiblement sur toute la largeur de l'ouverture 3 de la porte et est libre par rapport à celle-ci pour pouvoir s'engager dans cette ouverture 3, en même temps que les vantaux 1, 2 en fin de course de fermeture de ceux-ci, comme indiqué sur la figure 7.It can also be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7 that the beam 28 which carries the slides 10, 11, as well as the slides 8, 9 of the leaves 1, 2 are located opposite the face 1a, 2a of the leaves 1, 2 directed to the outside of the door opening 3. In addition, the beam 28 extends substantially over the entire width of the opening 3 of the door and is free relative to the latter so as to be able to engage in this opening 3, at the same time as the leaves 1, 2 at the end of their closing travel, as shown in Figure 7.

On va maintenant expliquer en référence aux figures 2, 3, 6 et 7, le fonctionnement d'une porte coulissante et louvoyante conforme à l'invention.We will now explain with reference to Figures 2, 3, 6 and 7, the operation of a sliding and swinging door according to the invention.

On supposera que les vantaux 1, 2 sont en position ouverte comme indiqué sur les figures 3 et 6.We assume that the leaves 1, 2 are in the open position as shown in Figures 3 and 6.

Dans cette position, les glissières 8 et 9 qui font saillie des bords verticaux 12, 13 des vantaux, ont leur extrémité libre telle que 9a sensiblement au milieu de l'ouverture 3 de la porte.In this position, the slides 8 and 9 which project from the vertical edges 12, 13 of the leaves, have their free end such as 9a substantially in the middle of the opening 3 of the door.

Pour fermer les vantaux 1, 2, on met en route le moteur électrique 4 dans le sens de la fermeture. Ce moteur 4 entraîne en rotation les vis 19, 20 en sens inverse, ce qui déplace les écrous 6, 7 dans des directions opposées. Ainsi l'écrou 6 se rapproche du moteur 4, tandis que l'écrou 7 s'en éloigne, en rapprochant simultanément les vantaux 1, 2 du milieu M de l'ouverture 3 de la porte.To close the leaves 1, 2, the electric motor 4 is started in the closing direction. This motor 4 rotates the screws 19, 20 in opposite directions, which moves the nuts 6, 7 in opposite directions. Thus the nut 6 approaches the motor 4, while the nut 7 moves away therefrom, simultaneously bringing the leaves 1, 2 from the middle M to the opening 3 of the door.

En fin de course, les doigts 33a, 33b des pattes 31, 32 fixées à la partie supérieure des vantaux 1, 2 s'engagent dans les parties recourbées 29a, 30a des rails de guidage 29, 30, ce qui provoque le déplacement de l'ensemble des deux vantaux 1, 2 et de la poutre 28 qui porte les coulisseaux 10, 11, dans l'ouverture 3 de la porte.At the end of the race, the fingers 33a, 33b of the legs 31, 32 fixed to the upper part of the leaves 1, 2 engage in the curved parts 29a, 30a of the guide rails 29, 30, which causes the displacement of the 'set of two leaves 1, 2 and the beam 28 which carries the slides 10, 11, in the opening 3 of the door.

Le principal avantage technique de la porte coulissante et louvoyante que l'on vient de décrire réside dans le fait que l'ensemble du mécanisme 5 de commande de l'ouverture et de la fermeture, y compris son moteur électrique 4, se loge dans l'espace mort situé au-dessus de l'ouverture 3 de la porte sans déborder à l'extérieur des bords verticaux 3a et 3b de celle-ci.The main technical advantage of the sliding and swinging door that has just been described lies in the fact that the entire mechanism 5 for controlling the opening and closing, including its electric motor 4, is housed in the dead space located above the opening 3 of the door without protruding outside the vertical edges 3a and 3b thereof.

Ainsi, ce mécanisme 5 et son moteur 4 n'encombrent pas l'espace utile de l'intérieur du local ou du véhicule.Thus, this mechanism 5 and its motor 4 do not clutter the useful space inside the premises or the vehicle.

Ce résultat a été obtenu grâce à l'agencement particulier du mécanisme 5 en combinaison avec les moyens de suspension et de guidage des deux vantaux 1, 2.This result was obtained thanks to the particular arrangement of the mechanism 5 in combination with the suspension and guide means of the two leaves 1, 2.

La description ci-dessus montre également que le résultat ci-dessus a été obtenu à l'aide de moyens remarquablement simples et sûrs.The above description also shows that the above result was achieved by remarkably simple and safe means.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples que l'on vient de décrire et on peut apporter à ceux-ci de nombreuses modifications sans sortir du cadre de l'invention telle que définie par les revendications annexées..Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described and numerous modifications can be made to them without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

  1. A sliding door comprising two leaves (1, 2) arranged to slide relatively to one another to open and close a door opening (3), the opening and closing of the door being controlled by an electric motor (4) co-operating with a mechanism (5) comprising two entraining members (6, 7) movable in two opposite directions, each such member being connected to a leaf (1, 2) and the drive mechanism assembly (5) including the electric motor (4) being housed in the space (16) situated above the door opening (3) without projecting outside the latter, characterised in that each leaf (1, 2) has a top horizontal slider (8, 9) engaged on a slide (10̸, 11), each slider (8, 9) projecting from the vertical edge (12, 13) of the leaf adjacent the centre (M) of the door opening (3), the two sliders (8, 9) being secured to a surface (1a, 2a) of the leaves and being vertically offset from one another so that they can cross one another parallel to one another upon closure of the leaves (1, 2) and so that slider of each leaf can engage behind said surface (1a, 2a) of the other leaf, one (7) of the entraining members being connected to the slider (9) of one of the leaves at a place (17) near its free end (9a) and the other entraining member (6) being connected to the slider (8) of the other leaf (1) at a place (18) near the vertical edge (12) of such leaf.
  2. A sliding door according to claim 1, characterised in that each slider (8, 9) projects from the vertical edge (12, 13) of a leaf by an amount substantially equal to the travel (C) of the leaf.
  3. A sliding door according to claim 2, characterised in that the distance (D) between the two places (17, 18) at which the entraining members (6, 7) are connected to the two leaves (1, 2) is substantially equal to the travel (C) of each leaf.
  4. A sliding door according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the entraining members comprise two worms (19, 20̸) which extend parallel to one another from a place disposed substantially vertically of one (3a) of the edges of the door opening (3) to a place disposed between the centre (M) of the door opening (3) and the other edge (3b) of the door, the electric motor (4) being attached to the end of one (19) of the worms and extending in a space which does not extend beyond the other edge (3b) of the door opening (3), each worm (19, 20̸) carrying a nut (6, 7) into which the worm is screwed, the nut being connected to one of the sliders (8, 9), the direction of screwthreading of the worms (19, 20̸) and their direction of rotation being such that the nuts (6, 7) move in opposite directions.
  5. A sliding door according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the entraining members comprise a flexible connecting member (25) so wound around two spaced apart wheels (26, 27) as to form two parallel runs (25a, 25b), one (26) of the wheels being disposed substantially vertically of one (3a) of the door opening edges, the other sprocket (27) being disposed between the centre (M) of the door opening (3) and its other edge (3b), the electric motor (4) being disposed between said other sprocket (27) and said other edge (3b), each run (25a, 25b) being connected to one of the sliders (8, 9).
  6. A sliding door according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the slides (10̸, 11) are mounted on a beam (28).
  7. A sliding door according to claim 6 which is also of the plug-type and which comprises in the space (16) above the door opening (3) two stationary guide rails (29, 30̸) disposed one in prolongation of another and having at their ends adjacent the centre (M) of the door two parts (29a, 30̸a) which are bent towards the outside of the door opening (3), each leaf (1, 2) having in its top part a lug or foot or the like (31, 32) carrying a finger (33a, 33b) co-operating with one of the rails (29, 30̸) to guide the leaf (1, 2) relatively to such rail, the bent parts (29a, 30̸a) of the rails serving to engage the leaves (1, 2) in the door opening (3) in the closed position, characterised in that the sliders (8, 9) of the leaves and the beam (28), the latter carrying the slides (10̸, 11) are disposed opposite that surface (1a, 2a) of the leaves which faces the outside of the door opening (3), the beam (28) extending substantially over the whole width of the door opening (3) and being free relatively thereto to engage in the opening (3) simultaneously with the leaves (1, 2) at the end of their closure travel.
EP91401499A 1990-06-20 1991-06-07 Sliding door and its actuating mechanism Expired - Lifetime EP0465281B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91401499T ATE94252T1 (en) 1990-06-20 1991-06-07 SLIDING DOOR AND ITS DRIVE MECHANISM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9007709A FR2663673B1 (en) 1990-06-20 1990-06-20 SLIDING DOOR AND ITS CONTROL MECHANISM.
FR9007709 1990-06-20

Publications (2)

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EP0465281A1 EP0465281A1 (en) 1992-01-08
EP0465281B1 true EP0465281B1 (en) 1993-09-08

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EP91401499A Expired - Lifetime EP0465281B1 (en) 1990-06-20 1991-06-07 Sliding door and its actuating mechanism

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EP (1) EP0465281B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE94252T1 (en)
DE (2) DE69100347T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2028748T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2663673B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5323876A (en) * 1992-08-03 1994-06-28 Mcallister Emory C Elevator door mechanism
DE19549006C2 (en) * 1995-12-28 1997-10-02 Tuerautomation Fehraltorf Ag F Automatic sliding door with at least one wing
AT405554B (en) * 1996-10-18 1999-09-27 Ife Gmbh SLIDING OR SWIVELING AND SLIDING DOORS FOR VEHICLES
FR2768683B1 (en) 1997-09-22 1999-10-22 Faiveley Transport MOTORIZED DOOR LEAF LOCKING DEVICE, DOOR PROVIDED WITH THIS DEVICE AND RAIL VEHICLE THUS EQUIPPED
DE29905681U1 (en) * 1999-03-27 2000-08-10 Bode Gmbh & Co Kg Swivel sliding door for vehicles, in particular vehicles for local public transport
EP2065769A1 (en) 2007-11-30 2009-06-03 Faiveley Transport High-availability control method for railway door systems, on-board system for implementing same and application in accessories and door environment
EP2889200B1 (en) 2013-12-30 2019-07-31 Vapor Europe S.r.l. A Wabtec Company Door drive device for a door of a wagon
CN105275303B (en) * 2015-09-16 2017-03-29 南京康尼机电股份有限公司 A kind of asynchronous transmission device for rail vehicle sliding plug door system
CN105484600A (en) * 2015-12-31 2016-04-13 苏州绿尚智能科技有限公司 Window pusher
CN110406358B (en) * 2018-04-28 2022-09-09 比亚迪股份有限公司 Guide rail assembly and vehicle
CN110512989B (en) * 2019-09-29 2024-03-26 金湖县微晶控制系统有限公司 Sliding plug door

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DE405981C (en) * 1923-10-10 1924-11-15 Rolf Sachse Electrically powered speaking machine
FR738957A (en) * 1932-06-22 1933-01-04 Saunier Anciens Ets Coupling mechanism by sliding door racks
CH405981A (en) * 1963-03-22 1966-01-15 Bator Ag Door drive
DE2805411A1 (en) * 1978-02-09 1979-08-16 Uerdingen Ag Waggonfabrik Cable car type sliding door drive mechanism - has sound absorbing cogged belt running between drive and pulley wheels
CH647037A5 (en) * 1982-04-02 1984-12-28 Inventio Ag SLIDING DOOR WITH TWO LEAVES, ESPECIALLY ELEVATOR DOOR.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE94252T1 (en) 1993-09-15
DE465281T1 (en) 1992-04-30
EP0465281A1 (en) 1992-01-08
DE69100347D1 (en) 1993-10-14
FR2663673B1 (en) 1992-10-23
ES2028748T1 (en) 1992-07-16
DE69100347T2 (en) 1994-01-05
ES2028748T3 (en) 1994-01-01
FR2663673A1 (en) 1991-12-27

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