EP0464383A2 - Plasma-Neutralisationskathode - Google Patents

Plasma-Neutralisationskathode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0464383A2
EP0464383A2 EP91109114A EP91109114A EP0464383A2 EP 0464383 A2 EP0464383 A2 EP 0464383A2 EP 91109114 A EP91109114 A EP 91109114A EP 91109114 A EP91109114 A EP 91109114A EP 0464383 A2 EP0464383 A2 EP 0464383A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holder
thermal emitter
passage
heater
interior
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91109114A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0464383A3 (en
EP0464383B1 (de
Inventor
Arkhipov Boris Alexeevich
Gorbachev Yuriy Mitrofanovich
Ivanov Viktor Alexeevich
Kozubsky Konstantin Nikolaevich
Komarov Georgy Alexeevich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IHI Hauzer Techno Coating BV
Original Assignee
Hauzer Techno Coating Europe BV
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hauzer Techno Coating Europe BV filed Critical Hauzer Techno Coating Europe BV
Publication of EP0464383A2 publication Critical patent/EP0464383A2/de
Publication of EP0464383A3 publication Critical patent/EP0464383A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0464383B1 publication Critical patent/EP0464383B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J3/02—Electron guns
    • H01J3/025—Electron guns using a discharge in a gas or a vapour as electron source

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to glowing compensation cathodes, and more particularly to plasma compensation cathodes.
  • a glowing cathode (cf., Schats M.F.”Heaterless Ignition of Inert Gas. Ion Thruster Hollow Cathodes” AJAA Paper, 1985) comprising a casing a cylindrical insert secured to the inner surface of the casing and functioning as thermal emitter, a heater secured at the outer side of the casing, and an orifice secured to end face of the casing and acting as the outlet hole of the cathode.
  • This construction of cathode requires high power heaters to heat thermal emitter to a temperature ensuring thermoionic emission sufficient for maintaining a stable discharge.
  • This compensation cathode has a casing with an outlet hole at one wall thereof, the casing accommodating coaxially to its outlet hole a tubular holder receiving a thermal emitter with a central through passage.
  • the compensation cathode also includes a heater embracing the tubular holder, and heat screens positioned between the holder and casing walls.
  • the thermal emitter ensures emission of electrons sufficient for maintaining stable electric discharge between the inner surface of the thermal emitter and anode of the plasma source.
  • the heater is deenergized, and the compensation cathode continues to operate automatically, whereby the preferred temperature level is ensured by the energy liberated in the catholyte layer approximating to the product of ionic current resulting from discharge by the potential drop at the cathode.
  • thermoemission surfaces tend to degrade, and thermoemission current tends to decrease thereby reducing the service life of the compensation cathode to only tens of hours.
  • direct connection of the holder of thermal emitter to the gas feeding pipe leads to vigorous heat transfer from the emitter to outer structural parts, and consequently to move prominent catholyte potential drop ensuring the energy necessary for maintaining automatic operating conditions. More prominent catholyte potential drop also leads to reduced service life of the thermal emitter because of intensified ionic bombardment.
  • thermoemissive materials with the holder at high working temperatures is accompanied by active chemical interaction, such as penetration of boron followed by formation of metal borides, which in turn causes embrittlement and cracking of the holder material and thermal emitter to result in irreversible deformation of the holder.
  • This disadvantageous effect is especially pronounced at starting operating conditions accompanied by the highest temperature levels, which limits the service life and reduces the total number of engagements of the compensation cathode.
  • the helical heater embracing the tubular holder is characterized by low rigidity to result in sagging and deformation of its coils resulting in possible contact of the coils with the holder or thermal screens and short-circuiting of the heater.
  • the working gas can contain negligeable qualntities of such admixtures as oxygen, water, or the like, tending to react at high working temperatures with the material of the thermal emitter and affecting the thermoemissive characteristics of the material. Extended operation for tens or hundreds of hours makes this disadvantageous effect even more prominent to reduce the service life of the compensation cathode.
  • the present invention aims at providing a plasma compensation cathode which would be so constructed as to lock discharge zone in the passage of the thermal emitter, prevent chemical interaction of the thermal emitter with the material of the holder and with the thermal system maintaining automatically the poreferred temperature of the thermal emitter at minimised cathodic potential drop, and also to increase the rigidity of the heater and facilitate additional cleaning of gas from impurities.
  • a plasma compensation cathode comprising a casing accommodating coaxially with its outlet hole a hollow holder and thermal emitter having a central passage communicating with the interior of the holder, a heater embracing the holder, heat screens positioned between the heater and walls of the casing, and a pipe for feeding gas to the interior of the holder secured in a support insulator
  • the central passage of the thermal emitter is blind at the side of admission of gas and is communicated with the interior of the holder by way of a through passage made in the wall of the thermal emitter so that its axis intersects the axis of the central passage, and longitudinal grooves provided at the side surface of the thermal emitter at the location of inlet holes of the through passage
  • the interior of the holder communicates with the gas feeding pipe through a sealed cavity defined by clearances between the coaxial heat screens successively interconnected by spacer rings and secured at the gas feeding pipe, underlying the holder in this cavity is a getter positioned
  • a plasma compensation cathode comprises a casing 1 (Fig. 1) having an inlet hole 2.
  • the casing accommodates coaxially a hollow holder 3 and a thermal emitter 4 with a central passage 5.
  • the holder 3 is positioned inside casing 1 coaxially with the outlet hole 2 and embraced by a heater 6 fashioned as a spiral one end of which is secured to the casing and the other to the holder 3.
  • the heater 6 is provided with a support ring 7 located at its midportion and functioning as an additional support point.
  • the central passage 5 of thermal emitter 4 is blind at the side of admission of gas, and is communicated with the interior of the holder 3 by way of a central passage 8 (Fig. 2) made in the wall of the thermal emitter 4, the axis of this passage extending perpendicularly to the axis of the central passage 5, and longitudinal grooves 9 provided at the side surface of the thermal emitter 4 at location of the inlet holes of the through passage 8.
  • a layer 10 (Fig. 1) of material chemically inert at high temperatures to the materials of the holder 3 and thermal emitter 4.
  • a system of coaxial heat screens 11 Positioned between the heater 6 and walls of casing 1 is a system of coaxial heat screens 11 connected successively through spacer rings 12 and secured at pipe 13 for feeding gas to define a sealed cavity 14 wherethrough the interior of the holder 3 communicates with the gas feeding pipe 13.
  • a space between the holder 3 and pipe 13 accommodates a getter 15 positioned between mechanical filters 16, whereas the pipe 13 is secured in a support insulator 17.
  • the heater 6 is separated from the system of heat screens 11 by an insulation sleeve 18 in which the support ring 7 is secured.
  • the gas flows along the pipe 13 through the getter 15 and mechanical filters 16 to the interior of the holder 3, and then through the grooves 9 and 8 to the central passage 5 of the thermal emitter 4.
  • the heater 6 acts to heat the thermal emitter 4 to a temperature ensuring emission of electrons sufficient for sustaining a stable electric decharge between the inner surface of the thermal emitter 4 and anode (not shown) of a plasma source. After bringing the device to steady state operating conditions the heater 6 is deenergized and compensation cathode operates automatically, whereby the required temperature level of the thermal emitter 4 is ensured thanks to the energy resulting from the discharge.
  • the electric discharge in passage 5 can be stabilized by changing the pressure of gas and dimensions of the passage 5. This prevents fixation of discharge at the walls of holder 3 resulting in fouling and clogging of passage 5 of the thermal emitter 4, which facilitates maintaining the initial thermal emission from the inner surface of the thermal emitter 4 and substantially increases the service life of the compensation cathode.
  • Positioning between the inner surface of holder 3 and side surface of the thermal emitter 4 of layer 10 of material chemically inert to the material of holder and thermal emitter 4 obviates chemical interaction and diffusion of materials thereby making impossible irreversible deformation of holder 3 and cracking of holder 3 and thermal emitter 4.
  • the accompanying advantage is substantially increased number of actuations and extended service life of the cathode.
  • the system of coaxial heat screens 11 defining with gas feeding pipe 13 and holder 3 sealed cavity 14 makes it possible to substantially reduce the heat flow from holder 3 of the thermal emitter 4 to outer parts of the cathode structure and, as a consequence, to reduce the potential drop at the cathode to the level of gas ionization potential and substantially extend the service life of the compensation cathode.
  • Provision of the support ring 7 secured in the insulation sleeve 18 allows to increase rigidity of the spiral of heater 6, prevent short-circuiting of the spiral of heater 6 (viz., engagement of the spiral coils with holder 3 or screens 11) even at a substantial deformation of spiral coils due to multiple engagement thermocycles. This again enables to increase the number of actuations and extend the service life of the compensation cathode.
  • the invention can be used for neutralizing ion beams in accelerators with closed electron drift and extended acceleration zone, in accelerators with anodic layer and narow acceleration zone, in plasma-ion accelerators, and also for compensating space and surface discharges.

Landscapes

  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
EP91109114A 1990-06-26 1991-06-04 Plasma-Neutralisationskathode Expired - Lifetime EP0464383B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU4843045 1990-06-26
SU904843045A RU2012946C1 (ru) 1990-06-26 1990-06-26 Плазменный катод-компенсатор

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0464383A2 true EP0464383A2 (de) 1992-01-08
EP0464383A3 EP0464383A3 (en) 1992-07-15
EP0464383B1 EP0464383B1 (de) 1994-09-21

Family

ID=21523026

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91109114A Expired - Lifetime EP0464383B1 (de) 1990-06-26 1991-06-04 Plasma-Neutralisationskathode

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0464383B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2963903B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE112096T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69104142T2 (de)
RU (1) RU2012946C1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999050878A2 (de) * 1998-03-27 1999-10-07 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Verfahren zur erzeugung eines gepulsten elektronenstrahls und triggerplasmaquelle zur durchführung des verfahrens
CN101390454B (zh) * 2006-02-23 2015-11-25 法国原子能委员会 转移弧等离子体炬
CN113371233A (zh) * 2021-07-29 2021-09-10 哈尔滨工业大学 一种阳极结构及会切场推力器
CN114320801A (zh) * 2021-12-28 2022-04-12 哈尔滨工业大学 一种可快速启动的冷阴极
CN114458564A (zh) * 2022-04-12 2022-05-10 国科大杭州高等研究院 一种霍尔推力器环式分压气路绝缘结构

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102355791A (zh) * 2011-09-28 2012-02-15 南京创能电力科技开发有限公司 等离子发生器阴阳极的绝缘连接装置
RU2502238C2 (ru) * 2012-02-07 2013-12-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Опытное конструкторское бюро "Факел" Плазменный катод
CN105626410B (zh) * 2015-12-25 2018-08-03 上海空间推进研究所 一种空间电推力器羽流中和器
RU2667155C1 (ru) * 2017-03-28 2018-09-17 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Опытное конструкторское бюро "Факел" ФГУП "ОКБ "Факел" Полый катод
RU2662795C1 (ru) * 2017-04-18 2018-07-31 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Опытное конструкторское бюро "Факел" ФГУП "ОКБ "Факел" Полый катод
RU2684633C2 (ru) * 2017-05-10 2019-04-11 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Опытное конструкторское бюро "Факел" (ФГУП "ОКБ "Факел") Катод-компенсатор
RU2684309C1 (ru) * 2018-03-14 2019-04-08 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Опытное конструкторское бюро "Факел" ФГУП "ОКБ "Факел" Плазменный полый катод
CN111720281B (zh) * 2020-06-24 2021-07-23 遨天科技(北京)有限公司 一种阵列式同轴型真空电弧推力器装置
CN115681054B (zh) * 2023-01-03 2023-05-09 国科大杭州高等研究院 自维持霍尔推力器

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58102440A (ja) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-18 Toshiba Corp ホロ−カソ−ド放電装置
JPS58169752A (ja) * 1982-03-30 1983-10-06 Toshiba Corp ホロ−陰極放電装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58102440A (ja) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-18 Toshiba Corp ホロ−カソ−ド放電装置
JPS58169752A (ja) * 1982-03-30 1983-10-06 Toshiba Corp ホロ−陰極放電装置

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 204 (E-197)(1349) 9 September 1983 & JP-A-58 102 440 ( TOKYO SHIBAURA DENKI K K ) 18 June 1983 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 292 (E-219)(1437) 27 December 1983 & JP-58 169 752 ( TOKYO SHIBAURA DENKI K K ) 6 October 1983 *
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH SYMPOSIUM ON ENGENEERING PROBLEMS OF FUSION RESEARCH vol. 2, 1979, NEW YORK pages 1038 - 1043; D.E. SCHECTER: 'HOLLOW CATHODE FOR POSITIVE ION SOURCES' *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999050878A2 (de) * 1998-03-27 1999-10-07 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Verfahren zur erzeugung eines gepulsten elektronenstrahls und triggerplasmaquelle zur durchführung des verfahrens
WO1999050878A3 (de) * 1998-03-27 2001-12-20 Karlsruhe Forschzent Verfahren zur erzeugung eines gepulsten elektronenstrahls und triggerplasmaquelle zur durchführung des verfahrens
CN101390454B (zh) * 2006-02-23 2015-11-25 法国原子能委员会 转移弧等离子体炬
CN113371233A (zh) * 2021-07-29 2021-09-10 哈尔滨工业大学 一种阳极结构及会切场推力器
CN113371233B (zh) * 2021-07-29 2022-08-30 哈尔滨工业大学 一种阳极结构及会切场推力器
CN114320801A (zh) * 2021-12-28 2022-04-12 哈尔滨工业大学 一种可快速启动的冷阴极
CN114458564A (zh) * 2022-04-12 2022-05-10 国科大杭州高等研究院 一种霍尔推力器环式分压气路绝缘结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2963903B2 (ja) 1999-10-18
RU2012946C1 (ru) 1994-05-15
ATE112096T1 (de) 1994-10-15
JPH04299000A (ja) 1992-10-22
DE69104142D1 (de) 1994-10-27
EP0464383A3 (en) 1992-07-15
DE69104142T2 (de) 1995-01-19
EP0464383B1 (de) 1994-09-21

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